case study - musicmetric (essay)

MSIN201P: Strategy and Design 21:43 01/12/2015

UCL Management Science


Abstract The story of Musicmetric provides a valuable lesson in how value can be created from data and also how one can be successful in an uncertain, dynamic environment. This case study intends to clarify why Musicmetric and big data analytics is of significant interest and value to professionals in the music industry, as well as highlighting the effectiveness of strategic decisions taken by Musicmetric. Musicmetric have demonstrated an extremely well-developed, symbiotic overall strategy over the last seven years, incorporating product development, pricing strategy, strategic marketing and research, in order to achieve their goals. Their key philosophy throughout has been: “[to allow] branding professionals – and even artists themselves – [to] create truly excellent campaigns. Campaigns that engage fans, delight audiences and get the results you want”1 by “[taking] on the data, leaving you free to create truly innovative ideas, backed up by solid intelligence”2.

1 "About; Who Are We?," Musicmetric, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.musicmetric.com/about/. 2 "About; Who Are We?," Musicmetric, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.musicmetric.com/about/.


External environment Big Data IBM describes ‘big data’ as ‘being generated by everything around us at all times. Every digital process and social media exchange produces it. Systems, sensors and mobile devices transmit it’3. The diagram below gives an indication of some of the information we refer to when we discuss the topic of big data:

4 Examples of some of the information ‘big data’ refers to But why is big data analytics of importance to the music industry? Sales of physical, analogue units of music (CDs, LPs, tapes etc.) have declined massively since the iTunes store birthed the digital age of music5. Rather than mourning the lost age of analogue, industry professionals and labels should be innovating and coming up with new ways to capitalize on digital music. Big data analytics is starting to enable this6. Musicmetric sums this up nicely within the first edition of their DMI (Digital Music Index), which I shall elaborate on at a later point: “being informed by and basing decisions on what this data can tell us, the music industry will be better equipped to engage and more fully captivate its audience, capitalizing on all digital opportunities”7.

3 "What Is Big Data?," IBM, October 20, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.ibm.com/big-data/us/en/. 4 "7 Key Drivers for the Big Data Market," Hadoop, May 14, 2012, accessed November 27, 2015, http://hortonworks.com/blog/7-key-drivers-for-the-big-data-market/. 5 Adrian Covert, "A Decade of iTunes Singles Killed the Music Industry,"CNN (CNN), April 25, 2013, http://money.cnn.com/2013/04/25/technology/itunes-music-decline/. 6 Kadhim Shubber, "Music Analytics Is Helping the Music Industry See into the Future," The Guardian (The Guardian), June 3, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/09/music-analytics-is-helping-the-music-industry-see-into-the-future. 7 Page 2, Musicmetric, Digital Music Index, (2012), http://documents.mx/documents/musicmetric-digital-music-index-dmi-report-2012.html.


The Music Industry Unsurprisingly, Musicmetric operate within the music industry. The music industry refers to the individuals and companies (record labels) creating and/or selling music; people create music for many reasons, however primarily for enjoyment and/or financial gain. Music is subjective – there is no right or wrong style or taste. For this reason, consumers’ preferences over artists and genres is incredibly widespread and the music industry exists on a global scale and the industry generates billions of dollars (US$) each year8. In 1877 Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the phonograph, one of the earliest machines capable of both recording and playing back audio.

9 Thomas Edison with his invention, the ‘Phonograph’. Since then, recording technology has developed at a monumental pace10. The industry is still in its infancy. Due to the pace and continual development of disruptive technologies relating to music, the music industry is often regarded as facing high levels of uncertainty111213. The entire industry could be completely revamped at any moment resultant of a breakthrough in new technology.

8 "IFPI Music Report 2014: Global Recorded Music Revenues Fall 4%, Streaming and Subs Hit $1 Billion," Billboard, March 18, 2014, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/5937645/ifpi-music-report-2014-global-recorded-music-revenues-fall-4. 9 "On This Day: Thomas Edison Announces Invention of Phonograph," findingDulcinea, November 21, 2008, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/science/On-This-Day--Thomas-Edison-Announces-Invention-of-Phonograph.html. 10 "The History of Recorded Music Timeline," Timetoast, accessed November 27, 2015, https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/51727. 11 "RIAA Likely to Be Wiped out as Music Industry Faces Uncertain Future," TopTenReviews, March 2, 2009, accessed November 27, 2015, http://web-services.toptenreviews.com/riaa-likely-to-be-wiped-out-as-music-industry-faces-uncertain-future.html. 12 Page 229, Shank, Barry, Andy Bennett, and Jason Toynbee, eds. The Popular Music Studies Reader. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2005. 13 "Disruption in Music," Protein Forum, January 26, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015, https://www.prote.in/en/feed/2015/01/protein-forum-disruption-in-music.


The environment of the industry can also be described as hostile and dynamic – it is constantly changing and companies are competing against one another to capitalize upon consumer engagement. Aside from facing uncertainty, the industry is also risky. Due to the highly subjective nature of music as a concept, whether or not an artist is well-received and turns a profit can be very hard to predict. This makes investment decisions subject to high levels of risk. There is therefore a lot of value placed with reducing risk and allowing companies to make better-informed, cost-effective decisions.


Musicmetric Introduction Musicmetric is a London based startup, founded: 21st June 200814, by Gregory Mead, Matthew Jeffrey and Marie-Alicia Chang. Musicmetric is a subsidiary company of Semetric Ltd. which was recently purchased by Apple Inc. (January 2015)15. Musicmetric specialize in data analytics, specifically in the context of the music industry. Musicmetric looks at data within three main areas: social networks, artist mentions and peer-to-peer file-sharing. The API (Application-Programming Interface), or dashboard, developed by Musicmetric has been extensively refined since its conception16. Musicmetric has its own in-house datasets for consumers to utilize, however the dashboard tool also offers cliental the ability to add their own third-party datasets. Put simply, Musicmetric reduces the complexity associated with big data. They take complex datasets, analyze them and display meaningful insights through a dashboard, which is a user interface designed to simply and easily display information for cliental. This ultimately better equips artists and managers with the knowledge required to capitalize on music. Internal resources People (intangible): The Musicmetric workforce is a small team comprised of IT, programming and data specialists. The Musicmetric team states: ‘At heart we’re all huge music fans. At work we’re all data experts’17. Some of the team include: Matt Jeffrey, a data warehouse engineer specialist, Greg Mead, a Computational Physics graduate from Imperial and James Clarke, an interface designer with extensive experience in API design. One of Musicmetric’s key resources is its incredibly specialized team of technology, data and music experts.

14 "Musicmetric: Overview," CrunchBase, accessed November 27, 2015, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/musicmetric#/entity. 15 "Apple Buys Musicmetric to Double down on Music Analytics," January 21, 2015, accessed November 28, 2015, http://musically.com/2015/01/21/apple-buys-musicmetric/. 16 6:18, Digital Music Trends, "DMT 50 - James Clarke, Musicmetric.com,"YouTube, August 30, 2013, posted November 27, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc_QMnod2jw. 17 "About; Who Are We?," Musicmetric, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.musicmetric.com/about/.


18 Co-founders: Marie-Alicia Chang (Head of Data Partnerships) and Gregory Mead API/Dashboard - Intellectual Property (tangible): Musicmetric’s key product/resource is the API which they have extensively developed (and are continually developing). The API, or dashboard – the terms can be used interchangeably, is what Musicmetric use to interpret and display the complex, meaningful insights gained through rigorous, computational analysis of large datasets. The API is Musicmetric’s most valuable resource as it is responsible for generating insights from big data and making these insights accessible for consumers.

19 The Musicmetric Pro dashboard (API) Partnerships (tangible): Although Musicmetric analyses a lot of public datasets directly from the internet, in the past Musicmetric has engaged in many partnerships with key players in the industry in order to access private datasets. These partnerships allow Musicmetric to further

18 "Startup of the Week: Musicmetric (wired UK)," Wired UK, February 23, 2012, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-02/23/startup-of-the-week-musicmetric. 19 "Musicmetric pro & Enterprise Dashboard," Musicmetric, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.musicmetric.com/your-needs/dashboard/.


develop their API and the depth of insight being generated. Some of Musicmetric’s key partnerships include: Spotify, last fm, A2IM and Soundcloud.

20 21 22 Some of Musicmetric’s key partners over the last decade Liquid Assets (tangible): Seeing as Musicmetric was recently acquired by Apple Inc., the company therefore now has some access to Apple’s ‘almost limitless funds’23 to put into the development of their API, analytics technologies and data mining software. Having large sums of money readily available massively speeds up development periods – time doesn’t have to be spent fund-raising. This gives Musicmetric a competitive advantage over startups and music analytics companies with less readily accessible funding.

24 Apple Inc. acquired Semetric Ltd. and therefore Musicmetric 20 "Musicmetric Expands Music Data Service To U.S., Partners With A2IM," Pen, 2012, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.pentechvc.com/?p=1043. 21 John Glenday, Spotify Partners with Musicmetric on New Music Analytics Service, (The Drum), January 24, 2013, http://www.thedrum.com/news/2013/01/24/spotify-partners-musicmetric-new-music-analytics-service. 22 "Last.fm Partners with Musicmetric for Artist Analytics," Pentech ventures, 2012, accessed December 2, 2015, http://www.pentechvc.com/?p=991. 23 Ian Parker, "The Shape of Things to Come," The New Yorker (The New Yorker), February 23, 2015, http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/02/23/shape-things-come. 24 "Apple Acquires London Music Startup Musicmetric," Business Insider, January 21, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015, http://uk.businessinsider.com/apple-acquires-musicmetric-2015-1.


Goals Musicmetric repeatedly refer to what they strive to achieve (their organizational goal). Musicmetric’s primary, super-ordinate, explicit organizational goal is: To combine data analytics and industry experience to create ‘accurate, actionable analytics’ facilitating the creation of engaging branding campaigns backed by solid intelligence. This goal is referred to on their website repeatedly252627 and is also synonymous with their API product and branding. One of Musicmetric’s explicit sub-ordinate, secondary goals, as stated by Marie-Alicia Chang: co-founder and Head of Data Partnerships, in an interview with ‘Wired.co.uk’, is: ‘To collate and process all the available online data for music’28. Chang is also interviewed at Midem 2014, an international networking event linking new technologies and startups in the music industry to potential partners, by Andrea Leonelli of ‘Digital Music Trends’. Chang emphasizes their commitment to delivering on ‘what we have promised, which is making the data really easy to understand and even easier to act on’29. This suggests another goal is: To offer a really good, useful product (API). James Clarke, former acting CEO of Musicmetric, also identified an explicit goal in another interview with Andrea Leonelli as being: ‘To get our accuracy rate up to be one of the best in the world’30. Whilst reviewing their progress over 2013, Musicmetric stated: ‘[we have] increased our sales marketing team’31, ‘[we] have a whole host of big deals and partnerships to announce [in March 2014]’32 and ‘[we want] to be working with more brands….[as well

25 "About; Who Are We?," Musicmetric, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.musicmetric.com/about/. 26 "How We Do It | Musicmetric," Musicmetric, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.musicmetric.com/about/how-we-do-it/. 27 "Musicmetric: Home," Musicmetric, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.musicmetric.com/. 28 "Startup of the Week: Musicmetric (wired UK)," Wired UK, February 23, 2012, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-02/23/startup-of-the-week-musicmetric. 29 11:56, Digital Music Trends, "Marie-Alicia Chang, MusicMetric (DMT at MIDEM 2014)," YouTube, February 28, 2014, posted November 27, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8gF9niFkiQ. 30 14:28, Digital Music Trends, "DMT 50 - James Clarke, Musicmetric.com,"YouTube, August 30, 2013, posted November 27, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc_QMnod2jw. 31 1:03, Digital Music Trends, "Marie-Alicia Chang, MusicMetric (DMT at MIDEM 2014)," YouTube, February 28, 2014, posted November 27, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8gF9niFkiQ. 32 2:34, Digital Music Trends, "Marie-Alicia Chang, MusicMetric (DMT at MIDEM 2014)," YouTube, February 28, 2014, posted November 27, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8gF9niFkiQ.


as] independent artists and labels]’33. Musicmetric have also recently expanded into the US34. These factors combined suggest a super-ordinate implicit goal being: To encourage growth of the brand. I put forth that Musicmetric are making intelligent, effective strategic decisions which are helping them achieve each of their goals. Strategy Product development At the heart of Musicmetric is their API. From day one, Musicmetric have focused on continually developing their analytics capabilities. Gregory Mead developed the initial software powering the first prototype dashboard to only ‘crawl through’ (data mine) data which was publically available via the web. The data being analyzed was originally restricted to solely ‘artist mentions’; a key point to note is that the Musicmetric API started off by analyzing free, easily accessible datasets and creating value from this. Musicmetric then developed their product by building partnerships with suppliers of relevant, private data, such as Spotify, Last fm. and Soundcloud. Alongside this, Musicmetric have consistently refined analytics technology to increase the accuracy and insight of their dashboard35. Pricing strategy36 Musicmetric offer four different access levels regarding their dashboard. The most basic level allows minimal access for free, provided use is for non-commercial purposes. Any results or analyses gained through use of the API are made public and belong to Musicmetric. At the next level, we have Musicmetric Lite – users can track up to 10 artists, however they have no access to fan demographics or peer-to-peering file sharing data. This version costs $15 a month. Users can choose to upgrade to Musicmetric Pro, which costs $79 a month and gives users unrestricted access to the dashboard’s insight tools and unlimited artist tracking capabilities. Musicmetric also offer Musicmetric Enterprise, which is customizable for the needs of larger organizations – pricing for this isn’t specified. Strategic Marketing Musicmetric favour strategically-targeted, engaging marketing over traditional print and digital advertising. Musicmetric focus on representing themselves in person at industry-related events, giving them more of a chance to interact with fans of music and professionals in the industry. Musicmetric regularly discusses and showcases their new developments relating to their API at events, such as Midem. Musicmetric unveiled their ‘Trend tracker’, an application allowing fans to see which artists are being most ‘talked about’ on Tumblr and Twitter, at South by South West (SXSW)

33 1:51, Digital Music Trends, "Marie-Alicia Chang, MusicMetric (DMT at MIDEM 2014)," YouTube, February 28, 2014, posted November 27, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8gF9niFkiQ. 34 "Semetric Invests $5M in Musicmetric’s U.S. Expansion and Product Development," ShoreFire Media, July 2013, accessed November 27, 2015, http://shorefire.com/releases/entry/semetric-invests-5m-in-musicmetrics-u.s.-expansion-and-product-development. 35 6:10, Digital Music Trends, "DMT 50 - James Clarke, Musicmetric.com,"YouTube, August 30, 2013, posted November 27, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc_QMnod2jw. 36 "Overview — Semetric Developer API," Semetric, 2014, accessed November 27, 2015, http://developer.musicmetric.com/index.html.


201437. SXSW is an annual set of media festivals and conferences held in Texas; Musicmetric encouraged fans to get involved and track their favourite artists, for free. Not only does Musicmetric monitor social media, but they also use it to extensively document their progress as well as advocate their product, new additions to their dashboard, upcoming events and insights into the industry3839. Researching interesting, large-scale themes It’s one thing to create value, however if your target market is unaware of what you’re doing or why your work is valuable you’re less likely to succeed. Musicmetric was able to develop their brand presence and grow by researching and engaging with large, complex topics and problems affecting the music industry as a whole. Musicmetric first captured the attention of both the public and the music industry through their research into the scale of music piracy (peer-to-peer file sharing of albums and material primarily through a sharing tool called: BitTorrent)4041. Music piracy and illegal downloading was, and very much is, of interest to both the public and the industry. In 2012 Musicmetric also conducted what they called the first ‘Digital Music Index’ (DMI) which was a thorough, comprehensive study of the current state of music industry, specifically relating to digital music consumerism42. The DMI was the first major in-depth study, prior to the BPI ‘Digital Music Nation’ study of 201343, to really look at the state of the industry since the introduction of iTunes and digital music. Strategic Analysis Musicmetric have managed to develop a product with real value to the music industry. The uniqueness and fit of their insight dashboard at the time of its conception arguably allowed Musicmetric to capture the interest of the music industry. However, I maintain that the strategic decisions taken by CEO Greg Mead and his team have lead to Musicmetric retaining interest and becoming a very successful company within a dynamic environment. But what does ‘successful’ mean in this context? For the purposes of this study, ‘success’ can be defined as actions and decisions being made in line with Musicmetric’s goals. Product development, particularly the consistent building of new partnerships with companies holding private datasets, has allowed Musicmetric to increase the amount of data they are collating and processing. The very act of accessing more data points 37 "MusicMetric Presents 2014 SXSW Trending Tracker," Billboard, March 14, 2014, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/5937498/musicmetric-presents-2014-sxsw-trending-tracker?utm_source=twitter. 38 "Musicmetric on Twitter," Twitter, February 13, 2009, accessed November 27, 2015, https://twitter.com/Musicmetric. 39 "Musicmetric Trends on Twitter," Twitter, February 20, 2012, accessed November 27, 2015, https://twitter.com/mm_trends. 40 BhamUrbanNewsUK, "Music Downloading Habits - Feat. Marie-Alicia Chang (Musicmetric - Co-Founder)," YouTube, September 17, 2012, posted November 27, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0Wx8O5rIng. 41 Blackstock Pr, "Greg Mead, CEO of Musicmetric, Talks to CNBC about the Most Pirated Artists of 2013," YouTube, December 31, 2013, posted November 27, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4norKqJKdbw. 42 Musicmetric, Digital Music Index, (2012), http://documents.mx/documents/musicmetric-digital-music-index-dmi-report-2012.html. 43 BPI, Digital Music Nation: The UK’s Digital Music Landscape, (2013), https://www.bpi.co.uk/assets/files/BPI_Digital_Music_Nation_2013.PDF.


relates directly to another one of their goals: processing all available data online for music. The constant refinement and development of their API has implications for their goal of improving their accuracy. The attention to detail and the fact that Musicmetric are so intent on continually developing their API also demonstrates that Musicmetric is trying to adhere to their goal of offering a really good, useful product to the industry. Pricing strategy relates to the development and growth of Musicmetric as a brand. By offering different pricing levels for different levels of access to the Musicmetric dashboard, Musicmetric has not restricted its target market. The API is accessible to absolutely everyone. There is no financial barrier to overcome prior to consumption of the product, therefore the tool is more likely to be widely adopted. Wide adoption is tantamount with expansion and ultimately means Musicmetric has had the opportunity to grow to accommodate an increasing customer base. Musicmetric advocated their growth through their strategic marketing. They interact with industry professionals and enthusiasts on a more personal level - engaging with them in person and actively representing and promoting the relevance and value of their analytics service. Musicmetric’s growth is also attributed to the research they carried out relating to music piracy (illegal file-sharing) and the state of the digital music industry. Music piracy has been identified as the bane of the industry for many professionals and artists44, therefore research into its scale captured the attention of both the media and those involved in the industry. This put Musicmetric under the spotlight. When a company or individual is publicized in the media public interest in that person or organization generally increases. Similarly, by conducting the first DMI Musicmetric were, again, able to attract attention from the media, develop their global presence and assert the value and importance of their analytical insights. Conclusion June 2008 - Musicmetric began as a startup comprised off three individuals with a prototype data mining algorithm. January 2015 - now an established company with global presence and an estimated valuation of $50 million45. Musicmetric has gone from being used solely in London to analyze ‘artist mentions’ across the web, to being used by ‘thousands of people… in 40 different countries around the world’46 to analyze a multitude of KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). Musicmetric’s success can be primarily credited to their sophisticated, symbiotic total strategy incorporating various strategic elements, specifically tailored to better achieve their goals. Thriving off risk and uncertainty, Musicmetric developed a tool of great value to the industry. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Word count (excluding titles, subtitles, image captions and bibliography): 2498 words Referencing style: Chicago (Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition)

44 "Home › Our Industry › Tackling Music piracyThe Recording Industry’s Ability to Develop the Digital Marketplace Is Undermined by Piracy," IFPI, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.ifpi.org/music-piracy.php. 45 "Apple Buys Musicmetric to Double down on Music Analytics," January 21, 2015, accessed November 28, 2015, http://musically.com/2015/01/21/apple-buys-musicmetric/. 46 "Startup of the Week: Musicmetric (wired UK)," Wired UK, February 23, 2012, accessed November 27, 2015, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-02/23/startup-of-the-week-musicmetric.


Bibliography "About; Who Are We?" 2015. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.musicmetric.com/about/. BPI. Digital Music Nation: The UK’s Digital Music Landscape., 2013. https://www.bpi.co.uk/assets/files/BPI_Digital_Music_Nation_2013.PDF. Barrie, Joshua. "Apple Acquires London Music Startup Musicmetric." January 21, 2015. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://uk.businessinsider.com/apple-acquires-musicmetric-2015-1. BhamUrbanNewsUK. "Music Downloading Habits - Feat. Marie-Alicia Chang (Musicmetric - Co-Founder)." YouTube. September 17, 2012. Posted November 27, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0Wx8O5rIng. Blackstock Pr. "Greg Mead, CEO of Musicmetric, Talks to CNBC about the Most Pirated Artists of 2013." YouTube. December 31, 2013. Posted November 27, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4norKqJKdbw. Covert, Adrian. "A Decade of iTunes Singles Killed the Music Industry."CNN (CNN), April 25, 2013. http://money.cnn.com/2013/04/25/technology/itunes-music-decline/. Digital Music Trends. "DMT 50 - James Clarke, Musicmetric.com."YouTube. August 30, 2013. Posted November 27, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc_QMnod2jw. Digital Music Trends. "Marie-Alicia Chang, MusicMetric (DMT at MIDEM 2014)." YouTube. February 28, 2014. Posted November 27, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8gF9niFkiQ. Dredge, Stuart. "Apple Buys Musicmetric to Double down on Music Analytics." January 21, 2015. Accessed November 28, 2015. http://musically.com/2015/01/21/apple-buys-musicmetric/. Glenday, John. Spotify Partners with Musicmetric on New Music Analytics Service. (The Drum), January 24, 2013. http://www.thedrum.com/news/2013/01/24/spotify-partners-musicmetric-new-music-analytics-service. Griffiths, Nick and 12 years. "Disruption in Music." January 26, 2015. Accessed November 27, 2015. https://www.prote.in/en/feed/2015/01/protein-forum-disruption-in-music. Gruger, William. "MusicMetric Presents 2014 SXSW Trending Tracker." March 14, 2014. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/5937498/musicmetric-presents-2014-sxsw-trending-tracker?utm_source=twitter. Hardman, Derek. "RIAA Likely to Be Wiped out as Music Industry Faces Uncertain Future." March 2, 2009. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://web-services.toptenreviews.com/riaa-likely-to-be-wiped-out-as-music-industry-faces-uncertain-future.html. "Home › Our Industry › Tackling Music piracyThe Recording Industry’s Ability to Develop the Digital Marketplace Is Undermined by Piracy." Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.ifpi.org/music-piracy.php. "How We Do It | Musicmetric." 2015. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.musicmetric.com/about/how-we-do-it/. "Last.fm Partners with Musicmetric for Artist Analytics." 2012. Accessed December 2, 2015. http://www.pentechvc.com/?p=991. Laurent, Yves, Shaun Connolly, Cindy Maike, Tom Hastain, Mark Ledbetter, Cuneyt Buyukbezci, Justin Sears, and Grant Bodley. "7 Key Drivers for the Big Data Market." May 14, 2012. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://hortonworks.com/blog/7-key-drivers-for-the-big-data-market/. "Musicmetric: Home." 2015. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.musicmetric.com/. "Musicmetric: Overview." Accessed November 27, 2015. https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/musicmetric#/entity. Musicmetric. Digital Music Index., 2012. http://documents.mx/documents/musicmetric-digital-music-index-dmi-report-2012.html.


"Musicmetric Expands Music Data Service To U.S., Partners With A2IM." 2012. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.pentechvc.com/?p=1043. Musicmetric. "Musicmetric Trends on Twitter." February 20, 2012. Accessed November 27, 2015. https://twitter.com/mm_trends. Musicmetric. "Musicmetric on Twitter." February 13, 2009. Accessed November 27, 2015. https://twitter.com/Musicmetric. "Musicmetric pro & Enterprise Dashboard." 2015. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.musicmetric.com/your-needs/dashboard/. "On This Day: Thomas Edison Announces Invention of Phonograph." November 21, 2008. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/science/On-This-Day--Thomas-Edison-Announces-Invention-of-Phonograph.html. "Overview — Semetric Developer API." 2014. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://developer.musicmetric.com/index.html. Parker, Ian. "The Shape of Things to Come." The New Yorker (The New Yorker), February 23, 2015. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/02/23/shape-things-come. "Semetric Invests $5M in Musicmetric’s U.S. Expansion and Product Development." July 2013. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://shorefire.com/releases/entry/semetric-invests-5m-in-musicmetrics-u.s.-expansion-and-product-development. Shank, Barry, Andy Bennett, and Jason Toynbee, eds. The Popular Music Studies Reader. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2005. Shubber, Kadhim. "Music Analytics Is Helping the Music Industry See into the Future." The Guardian (The Guardian), June 3, 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/09/music-analytics-is-helping-the-music-industry-see-into-the-future. Smirke, Richard. "IFPI Music Report 2014: Global Recorded Music Revenues Fall 4%, Streaming and Subs Hit $1 Billion." March 18, 2014. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/5937645/ifpi-music-report-2014-global-recorded-music-revenues-fall-4. Solon, Olivia. "Startup of the Week: Musicmetric (wired UK)." February 23, 2012. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-02/23/startup-of-the-week-musicmetric. "The History of Recorded Music Timeline." Accessed November 27, 2015. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/51727. "What Is Big Data?" October 20, 2015. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://www.ibm.com/big-data/us/en/.

case study - musicmetric (essay)

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