case study - med.swu.ac.thmed.swu.ac.th/radiology/images/stories/education/case_study/case... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Case study
Radiology Rotate 1 Group 4
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Case information
• Case : A women age 63 years old with underlying disease of hypertension (loss follow up since 2545 and poor control) Nakornnayok-based
• Chief complaint : fell off a motor bicycle 10 hours prior to admission
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Present illness
10 hours prior to admission, the witness
said that the patient rode a motor bicycle 1 meter
away then suddenly fell off the motor bicycle
with her face down. There was only a wound on
her face. After 30 minutes, she was not alert,
moved her extremities less but still could walk
with others help and could not correspond to
question so the cousin brought her to hospital.
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Past history
Underlying disease of hypertension (loss follow up since 2545 and poor control ) - No current medication
- No drug or food allergy - Not smoking - Not drinking alcohol Family history :
- No history of genetic disease in the family
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Physical Examination
• V/S : BT 38.8⁰c RR 24/min PR 80/min
BP 125/85 mmHg
• GA : An Elderly female, drowsiness
• HEENT : Not pale conjunctiva, anicteric
sclera, Multiple abrasion wound with
contusion at face
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Physical Examination
• CVS : Normal S1S2 ,No murmur
• RS : Clear both lung
• ABD : Soft, not tender, normoactive bowel
sound
• EXT : No pitting edema, capillary refill<2
secs
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Physical Examination
• Neuro : E4M6V5, poor co-operate,
pupil Right 3 mm. RTL Left 3 mm. RTL
no optic disc herniation
Orientation to time, place, person
Neglect left side
Motor power
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Physical Examination
Neuro :Sensory - can’t be evaluated
CN III,IV,VII - full EOM
CN VII - no facial palsy
CN XII - no deviation of tongue
Deep tendon reflex
3+ left extremities
2+ right extremities
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Problem lists
• History of head trauma with multiple abrasion
wound with contusion at face
• Left hemi-paralysis
• Left hemineglect
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Differential diagnosis
• Intracranial hemorrhage
• Acute ischemic stroke
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Provisional diagnosis
Intracranial hemorrhage
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Lab investigation
BUN 9.9 (7-18) mg/dL
Cr 0.68 (0.6-1.3) mg/dL
Sodium 137 (135-145) mmol/L
Potassium 3.55 (3.5-5.1) mmol/L
Chloride 98.2 (98-107) mmol/L
Bicarbonate 27.8 (22-29) mmol/L
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Lab investigation Hb 14.2 (12-16) g/dL
Hct 41.9 (36-47) %
MCV 83.3 (80-95) fL
RDW 13.2 (12-14) %
Wbc (x103) 11.67 (4-10) /mm3
Neutophil 80.4 (40-72) %
Lymphocyte 14 (18-49) %
Monocyte 4.4 (2-9) %
Eosinophil 0.9 (0-8) %
Basophil 0.3 (0-2) %
Platelet(x103) 274 (140-450) /mm3
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Lab investigation
PT 12 (9.5-13.5) secs
PTT 23.9 (21.5-29.1)secs
INR 1.02
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C-spine Lateral view
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• C-spine lateral view
• Loss of lordotic
• Osteopenia and osteophytosis at c3-c4
• Not all C-spine fracture
• No soft tissue swelling
Approach film
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Skull AP, Lateral
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• Pain film Skull AP, Lateral
• No Skull fracture, osteoblastic, osteolytic bony
destruction
Approach film
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CT Brain Non contrast 28-12-57(9.05)
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CT Brain non-contrast 28-12-57(12:44)
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CT brain non-contrast 29-12-57
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• CT Brain non contrast of woman 63 years
• Hypodensity lesion at right fronto – parieto –
temporal lobe
• Wedge shape
• Sulcal effacement
• No mass effect
• Bilateral calcification at choroid plexus at third
ventricle
Approach film
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Conclusion
• Acute ischemic stroke
A women age 63 years old with underlying
disease of poor control hypertension with left
hemi-paralysis and left hemineglect 10 hr PTA.
CT brain shows wedge shape hypodensity
lesion at right fronto – parieto – temporal lobe
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Treatment
• specific treatment
Simvastatin(ZIMVA) tab 40mg po 1/2tab, 1 hs
Potassium chloride syrup 20 meq/15 ml ,30ml
po 30cc
Chloramhenicol eoint 1% ;5gm
• supportive treatment
0.9% NSS 1L
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KNOWLEDGE
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MCA Superior Division Infarction
MRI axial FLAIR images of Brain show an infarct involving left frontal lobe anterior to sylvian fissure. Area of involvement corresponds to left MCA Superior Division territory.
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• Most common of embolic stroke.
• Result in contralateral hemiparesis affecting in
lower face and upper extremities more than
legs.
• Contralateral visual field defect predominantly
affecting in lower fields.
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• Dominant hemisphere infarct is often
associated expressive aphasia.
• non-dominant infarct is associated with neglect syndrome
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MCA Inferior Division Infarction
MRI axial Flair image of brain shows an infarct involving the left temporal lobe below the Sylvian fissure. Area of involvement corresponds to left MCA Inferior Division territory.
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• Less commonly affected by emboli.
• Doesn’t cause any weakness or sensory loss.
• Associated with contralateral visual field
deficit predominantly affecting the upper
fields.
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• Dominant hemisphere infarct is often an
associated receptive such as Wernicke's
aphasia.
• non-dominant hemisphere infarct is associated
with behavioral disturbance and impairment of
visuospatial skills like drawing, copying, dressing
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MCA Distal main stem territory Infarction
CT study of Brain shows an infarct involving involving right peri sylvian cerebral cortex and adjacent insular
cortex. Right basal ganglion is spared. Area of involvement corresponds to right MCA distal main stem (superior as well as inferior division) territory.
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• Involve the distribution of both superior and
inferior division.
• Embolus blocks the MCA distal main stem
after the take-off of the lenticulostriate vessels
which supply basal ganglia.
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• Result in contralateral hemiplegia of lower
face and arm more than the leg, similar
distribution contralateral hemisensory loss and
a contralateral visual field deficit.
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• Dominant hemisphere infarct often associated
with global aphasia that is expressive and
receptive
• non-dominant hemisphere infarct
is characterized by neglect syndrome and
impairment of visuospatial skills like drawing, copying, dressing.
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MCA Proximal Stem Infarction
CT study of Brain shows an infarct involving involving left peri sylvian cerebral cortex, adjacent insular cortex and
left basal ganglia. Area of involvement corresponds to left MCA proximal main stem (superior division, inferior division as well as lenticulostriate ) territory.
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• involves deeper basal ganglia in addition.
• the block has occurred at the proximal middle
cerebral artery, before the take off of lenticulo
striate perforators that supply basal ganglia.
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• The major clinical difference between a
proximal and distal MCA stem occlusion is
that with a proximal lesion the leg is plegic as
well. Because the lenticulostriates are
involved, which results in infarction of the
internal capsule, which contains fibers to the leg, arm and face.
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• Reference : "Neuroimaging in Neurology
by David C Preston, MD, Professor of
Neurology and Barbara E Shapiro, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Neurology"
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Take home massage
• Ischmic stroke : CT scan finding
divided in 4 stage
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Take home massage
Hyperacute stage >> 50-60% normal CT scan
- hyperdense artery sign (25-50% in
noncontrast CT scan)
- hypodense of basal ganglia
- loss of gray-white differentiation
- obscuration of lentiform nucleus
- loss of insular ribbon sign
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Take home massage
Acute stage >> 1-7 days
- wedge shape enlargement
- sulcal effacement
- mass effect
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Take home massage
Subacute stage >> 1-8 weeks
- decrease degree of brain swelling and mass
effect
- Gyral enhancement in CECT (only in
contrast CT scan )
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Take home massage
Chronic stage >> 2months – years
- cystic change
- brain atropy - encephalomalacit change