Cartography, Map Production and GeoVisualization

Geog 176BLecture 10: Longley Chapters 12,13

Visual Variables: Bertin

Quantitative Qualitative

Map Types: Point Data

• Reference

• Topographic

• Dot

• Picture Symbol

• Graduated Symbol

• Multivariate symbol

Reference & Topo Map

Simple Dot Maphttp://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/

Picture Symbols/Icon Maphttp://tabi.joy.ne.jp/h-tokachigawa/icon/map.gif

Graduated Symbol Source: Dent

Multivariate Symbol: Chernoff FacesSource: Eugene Turner, Dan Dorling

Map Types: Line Data

• Network

• Flow

• Isopleth

• Reference

Network Mapshttp://www.360.net

http://www.luxembourg.co.uk/pics/railnetw.jpg

Flow Map: Europe Internet Trafficwww.cybergeography.org/atlas/census.html

Isoline (isobar)

Map Types: Area Data

• Choropleth

• Dasymetric

• Area qualitative

• Stepped surface

• Hypsometric

• Reference

Area Qualitative Maphttp://www.townofbrighton.org/

Stepped Surface

Hypsometric

Choropleth Mapping

Fields and Regions

2D Web Cartography

• HTML embeds PNG, JPEG and GIF

• Animation possible with GIF

• Drawing extensions with SVG (XML)

• Otherwise, need JAVA or FLASH

• GIS data can be web enabled with on-line products such as Arc/IMS and GeoMedia Web Map, MapInfo Envinsa

• Map open source tools

Map Types: Volume Data

• [Isopleth, Stepped Surface, Hypsometric]

• Gridded fishnet

• Realistic perspective

• Hill-shaded

• Image map

2.5D Methods

Hill shading

DOQ/Vector integration

Oakland: Integration of Hi-Res Imagery

2.75D Anaglyphic stereo

Map Types: Time

• Multiple views

• Animation– Moving map– Fly thru– Fly by

Animations

3D Web Cartography

• Unload interaction functions to web client• Build and make visible 3D models• VRML established as 3D web equivalent

of HTML• GeoVRML is geographically enabled

VRML• GML, X3D now available

(Geo)VRML• Public domain Web tools (CosmoCreate and Player)• Works for both immersive and passive displays• Symbolization at feature level, any dimension object• Integrated environment to develop, test and distribute

cartographic methods• Combine traditional cartographic portrayal techniques,

animation, and 3-dimensional display• Importance of nodes and georeferencing Worlds

(GeoVRML 1.0)• Incorporates visual field depth via proximity sensor and

zoom

CosmoWorlds VRML Authoring Package

VRML Object modeling

VRML: Worlds

World plus texture

Dibiase: Public/Private

EDA/Scientific Visualizationwww.ais.fraunhofer.de/NWEnglandAnalysis.gif

Professional map publishing

Avenza, ArcPress etc.