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EuropEan automobilE
manufacturErs assoc iat ion
Cars, Trucks& the Environment
Cars, Trucks and the Environment www.acea.be
Cars, Trucks & the Environment
Examples of vehicle technology innovations•Engineefficiency:directinjectiondieselandgasolineengines, commonrailinjection,variablevalvelift,downsizing, twin-chargedturboengines,stop-start,hybridtechnology,electricpowertrain,...•Optimisedtransmission:automatedmanualtransmission, 6th,7thand8thgear,continuouslyvariabletransmission, lowfrictiontransmission,computercontrolledmanual transmission,...•Cleanerexhaust:particulatematterfilter, catalyticconverter,selectivecatalyticreduction,...
Cars, Trucks and the Environment www.acea.be
Cars, Trucks & the Environment
What vehicle technology delivers:•Cleanerexhaust
•Fuelefficiency
•LowerCO2emissions
•Lessnoise
•Optimalrecycling
andinnovationscontinue...
What else is key:•Alternativefuelsandenergies
•CO2–relatedtaxation
•Driverbehaviourandinformation
•Efficientinfrastructure,
trafficmanagementandlogistics
•Cooperationoftransportmodes
The European Automotive Industry: the “Engine of Europe”
Important employer12millionfamiliesdependontheautomotiveindustry
The world’s largest vehicle producer30.3%ofallnewcarsismanufacturedintheEU
Yearly investment of €20 billion in R&DlargestprivateinvestorinR&DintheEU
One of the most regulated sectors in the EUmorethan80EUdirectives;115UNECEpiecesoflegislation
Car tax revenues in the EU15 of €360 billion, or 3.5% of GDP
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Cars, Trucks & the Environment
acea members
Did You Know that…
•Therearemorethan260millionvehiclesontheEuropeanroads,or1per2inhabitants
•Nearly7%ofthemarenewvehicles(upto1year),andabout30%areatleast10yearsold
•TheaverageannualdistancetravelledbyacarinEuropeisabout14,000km
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Cars, Trucks & the Environment
SUVs 8%
Multi-Purpose Vehicles (MPVs) 12%
Luxury 4%
Upper Medium 14%
Others 3%
Small 35%
Lower Medium-Medium 24%
*2008; EU27, Norway and Switzerland, excluding Luxembourg
New cars sold in Europe*
80% 80%
60% 60%
40% 40%
20% 20%
Pollutant Exhaust : Approaching the Zero Emission Zone
Cars •1carinthe1970sproducedasmanypollutant elementsas100carstoday.
•Particulatematterfilterscanreduceparticulateemissionsfromdieselvehiclesbyover99%.
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Cars, Trucks & the Environment
Trucks •Comparedto1992standards,EuroVIemissionlevels willreducenitrogenoxides(NOx)andparticulatematter(PM)emissionsby95%and97%respectively.
•Particulatematteremissionsfromalltrucksontheroadare40%lowerthanadecadeago–eventhoughtheydrive
40%morekilometrestoday.
•AdBluetechnologyreducesnitrogenoxides(NOx)emissionsevenfurther,whilecleanerdieselreducessulphuremissions.
Euro 0 Euro 0Euro 1 Euro iEuro 2 Euro iiEuro 3 Euro iiiEuro 4 Euro iVEuro 5 Euro VEuro 6 Euro Vi
Passenger Cars Trucks
petrol nox
Diesel nox
Diesel pmEmis
sion
s (%
Eur
o 0)
Emis
sion
s (%
Eur
o 0)
Recycling and Noise www.acea.be
Cars, Trucks & the Environment
•Vehiclesarerecycledsincethe1950s.•Today,85%ofvehiclecomponentsareused incarsagainorrecoveredforuseinother productsorenergyproduction.
•Anyvehicleproducedfrom1July2002onwards istakenbackfreeofcharge.•The8millionvehiclesrecycledannually intheEUaccountforonlyabout1%of wasteintheEU.•Thetargetfor2015istoreducewaste fromanend-of-lifevehicletojust5%
•Noisefrompassengercarshasbeen reducedby90%since1970.
•Today,24trucksareneededtomake asmuchnoiseas1didin1970.•Sincethemid-1990s,thedominantsources ofvehiclenoisearetyresand outdatedroadpaving.
Reducing CO2 Emissions: a Key Priority
1 CO2emissionsarereducedbylimitingtheburningoffossilfuels.Vehicletechnologyisoneofseveralimportantwaystocontributetothisgoal.
2 AllautomobilemanufacturershavemadeCO2reductionsatoppriorityandaresustaininghugeinvestmentsinthisfield.
3 Alargenumberoftechnologieshasalreadybeenintroduced,andmorearestilltocome.
4 Technologiesneedtimetofindtheirmarket. EUgovernmentscanhelpbyprovidingharmonised
fiscalsupport.
5 Itisessentialtoworktogether:vehiclemanufacturers,oilindustry,policymakers,androadusersmustall
joinforcestoachievethedesiredresults.
A modern truck needs just 1 litre of fuel to transport 1 tonne
of goods over a distance of 100 kilometres.
From 1995-2004, improved fuel efficiency of passenger cars has already saved an estimated 20 million tonnes of CO2
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Cars, Trucks & the Environment
80%
SoUrcE: IPcc Fourth Assessment report, WG III, 2007. World Business council for Sustainable Development, 2004.
Overview of global CO2 emissions
Household small consumers 9%
Transport 17%(Road, Rail, Air & Water)
Power/heatingstations 27%
Deforestation 22%
Industry 25%
17%
3%
31%27% 26%
16%
1995 2008
CO2 emissions from new cars
trend in new car co2 emissions (g/km)
161+ 121-140
141-160 120 and less
AlternativeFuels
Best Results With an Integrated Approach www.acea.be
Cars, Trucks & the Environment
Eco-drivingcanimprovefueleconomybyupto20%.
Over 50 CO2-cutting technologies have been introduced, and the flow of innovative eco-technologies will continue.
DriverBehaviour
AlternativefuelsandrenewableenergiescansignificantlycontributetooverallCO2emissionreductions.
Bettercooperationoftransportmodesandremovingbarriers
tocross-borderhaulagecanreduceCO2emissionssignificantly.
Infrastructure& Logistics
CO2-relatedtaxationcreatesconsumerdemandforfuel-efficientvehiclesandalternativefuels.
Substituting50%ofcurrenttrafficlightswithdynamicsystemsforabettertrafficflowcansave2.4milliontonnesofCO2peryear.
CO2-relatedTaxation
VehicleTechnology
Technology and Innovation: The Industry’s Stronghold
Every year, ACEA members spend over €20 billion, or over 4% of their turnover, on Research & Development. The auto industry is the biggest private investor in R&D in the EU.
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Cars, Trucks & the Environment
•AdditionalmajorR&Deffortsarecarriedoutbyautomotivesuppliers.
•Theautomotiveindustryfilesabout5,900patentseveryyear.
•OntheEU’s2009Industrial Investment Scoreboard,sixACEAmembersareintheTop20ofinvestorsinR&D.TwoofthemareintheTop10,andoneisthelargestsingleinvestor.
•Carmakersalsoworktogetheronpre-competitiveresearchprojectsthroughEUCAR,theEuropeanCouncilforAutomotiveR&D.
VehicleTechnology
Innovations: a Wide Variety www.acea.be
Cars, Trucks & the Environment
VehicleTechnology
•Improvementsandnewdevelopmentsinconventionalenginetechnologiesremainimportantastheywillcontinuetobethedominantpropulsionsourceforyearstocome.Directinjectionindieselandpetrolenginesisconstantlyimproved,forinstancewithsecondandthirdgenerationcommonrailinjection.
•Plug-inhybridelectricandbatteryelectricvehicleswillbecomeavailableinmorevarieties,andtheirrangewillbeextended.Rechargingfacilitiesmustbeavailable,standardisedandeasytouseacrossEurope.
•Carsrunningonalternative,lowemissionfuelslikeethanolorgasarealreadyavailableonthemarket;second-generationbiofuelsareontheway.
•Eco-innovativetechnologieslikesmartnavigation,adaptivecruisecontrol,highlyenergy-efficientLEDlights,andstorageandre-useofheatwillfurtherimprovefuelefficiencyandlowerCO2emissions.
•Pollutantemissions:particulatematterfilterscanalreadyreduceparticulatematter(PM) emissionsfromdieselvehiclesbyover99%.AdBluetechnologyreducesnitrogenoxides(NOx)emissions.
The wide range of innovations illustrates that a simple remedy does not exist.And: vehicle technology alone will not be enough to achieve sufficient results - a partnership of industries, governments and customers is required.
European automakers have introduced dozens of CO2-efficient technologies
into their vehicles over the past decades, and progress will continue.
Alternative Fuels and Energies Today… www.acea.be
Cars, Trucks & the Environment
AlternativeFuels
•BiofuelscansignificantlycontributetooverallCO2emissionreductions.Theycanandshouldbeproducedinasustainableway.Thevehicletechnologyisknownandcost-efficient,buttheavailabilityofthefuelandinfrastructureislacking.Theautoindustrysupportsalargeruseofbiofuels.
•FlexFuelvehiclesproducedbyEuropeancarmanufacturerscanrunon85%ethanol
and15%conventionalpetrol.
•Theautoindustryhasmadeacommitmentthatasof2010allnewmodelswillbecompatiblewithE10/B7.
•GasintheformofCompressedNaturalGas(CNG) orLiquefiedPetroleumGas(LPG)cancontributetoreducingemissionstoday.Vehiclemanufacturersproducecars,
trucksandbusesrunningongas,eventhoughfilling stationsarestillnotwidespread.
•Tofullybenefitfromtheadvantagesofplug-inhybridandbatteryelectricvehicles,electricitywillhavetobecomeincreasinglydrawnfromrenewablesources.Theelectricityinfrastructurewillhavetobeadaptedandextended.
There is no silver bullet; a wide variety of alternative fuels exist in the EU and can be used to reduce emissions and our dependence on fossil fuels.
... and Tomorrow www.acea.be
Cars, Trucks & the Environment
AlternativeFuels
•Ifalternativefuelandenergytechnologiesaretobesuccessful,theyneedtobeaffordable,easytouseandwidelyavailable.
•Asfarasbiofuelsareconcerned,thefuturelieswithso-calledsecondgenerationbiofuels,andtheirintroductionshouldbeencouraged:
–theyarelikelytobebettercompatiblewithexistingvehicles; –theyareproducedfromdifferentrawmaterials, suchasagriculturalwastematerialorwood; –theycanreducegreenhousegasemissionsbyupto80%.
•Plug-inhybridelectricvehicleswillbecomeavailableinmorevarieties,andEuropeanmanufacturersareadvancingbatteryelectriccartechnologyaswell.Apositivepolicyframework,includingfiscalincentives,isneededtostimulatetheuptakeofelectricvehicles.
•Futurehydrogen-poweredcarswillemitmainlywatervapour.
Drivers Can Make a Difference As Well: www.acea.be
Cars, Trucks & the Environment
1 Shiftintoahighergearearly;leaveingearwhenbraking2 Maintainasteadyspeedathighestpossiblegear
3 Lookaheadandanticipatetrafficflow
4 Switchofftheengineatshortstops
5 Checkandadjustthetyrepressureregularly
6 Makeuseofin-carfuelsavingdevicessuchason-boardcomputers anddynamicnavigatorstoavoidtrafficjams
7 Removesurplusweightandunusedroofracks
DriverBehaviour
The “Golden Rules” of Eco-driving
1
Easy to Apply and Impressive Results
•Cost-effective : Eco-drivingtrainingleadstoareductioninfuelconsumption
ofupto20%aftertraining,withasignificantlong-termeffectof7%undereverydaydrivingconditions.
•Reduction potential : TheEuropeanClimateChangeProgrammecalculatedthat
eco-drivingcouldsave50milliontonnesofCO2emissionsinEurope
by2010.Otherresearchalsostatesthateco-drivingisahighly
cost-effectivewaytoreduceCO2emissions.TheindependentresearchinstituteTNOestimatesanegativecosttosociety(costsavings)ofupto€128pertonneCO2saved.
•Drivers training:Eco-drivingcouldbepartofthelearningpackagefornewdriversandcouldalsocoverexperienceddrivers.Drivingschoolsandprofessionaldrivinginstructorscancontributesignificantly.
Cars, Trucks & the Environment
DriverBehaviour
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EuropEan automobilE
manufacturErs assoc iat ion
acea members