CARS, CONDOMS, & INFORMATION SHARINGHOW PRIVATE IS PRIVATE ENOUGH?

Vaibhav Garg Drexel University

Cars

J. Adams. Cars, cholera, and cows. CATO Institute, 335: 1–49, 1999.

Seat Belt Habit

http://youtu.be/Fa5BVk9mbSY

Condoms

M. Cassell, D. Halperin, J. Shelton, and D. Stanton. Risk compensation: The Achilles’ heel of innovations in HIV prevention? British Medical Journal, 332(7541):605–607, 2006.

Privacy

L. Brandimarte, A. Acquisti, and G. Loewenstein. Misplaced confidences: Privacy and the control paradox. Social

Psychological and Personality Science, 2012.

Risk

Comes from the Italian word ‘risicare’

Probability * Magnitude

Rational Agent

Smoking is a factor which contributes to lung cancer. Most cancers that start in lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas that derive from epithelial cells. Depending on the type of tumor, so-called paraneoplastic phenomena may initially attract attention to the disease.[16] In lung cancer, these phenomena may include Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (muscle weakness due to auto-antibodies), hypercalcemia, or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Tumors in the top (apex) of the lung, known as Pancoast tumors,[17] may invade the local part of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to changed sweating patterns and eye muscle problems (a combination known as Horner's syndrome) as well as muscle weakness in the hands due to invasion of the brachial plexus.

Privacy Risk Communication (1)

Privacy Risk Communication (2)

Privacy Risk Communication (3)

People don’t care

Complete Information == Market Efficiency

R. A. Posner. The Economics of Privacy. American Economic Review, 71(2):405-409, 1981.

People don’t know

Info graphic from Matt McKeon.

Usability

P. Inglesant and M. Sasse. The true cost of unusable password policies: password use in the wild. In Proceedings of the

28th International conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 383–392. ACM, 2010.

Risk

Comes from the Italian word ‘risicare’

Probability * Magnitude

Boundedly Rational

J. Grossklags and A.Acquisti. When 25 cents is too much: An experiment on willingness-to-sell and willingness-to-protect personal information. Workshop on Economics of Information Security. 2007.

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Certainty Effect

Bird in hand is worth two in the bush!

For sure!

Maybe! P=0.1

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Reflection Effect

Lose For sure!

Lose Maybe! P=0.1

We prefer certain gains but uncertain losses!

Class Participation

Class Participation

Class Participation

Class Participation

Class Participation

Class Participation

Boundedly Rational

J. Grossklags and A.Acquisti. When 25 cents is too much: An experiment on willingness-to-sell and willingness-to-protect personal information. Workshop on Economics of Information Security. 2007.

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Voluntariness

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Immediacy

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Knowledge to Exposed

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Knowledge to Science

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Control

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Newness

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Common-Dread

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Chronic-catatrophic

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Severity

Nine Dimensional Model

Voluntariness Immediacy Knowledge to Experts Knowledge to Exposed Control Newness Common-Dread Chronic-Catastrophic SeverityB. Fischhoff, P. Slovic, S. Lichtenstein, S. Read, and B. Combs. How safe is safe enough? A psychometric study of

attitudes towards technological risks and benefits. Policy Sciences, 9(2):127–152, 1978.

Revealed Preferences

Revealed Preferences Attitudes are reflected by behavior Traditionally Acceptable

‘The… assumption is that historically revealed social preferences and costs are sufficiently enduring to permit their use for predictive purposes.’

C. Starr. Social benefit versus technological risk. Science, 165(3899):1232–1238, 1969.

Expressed Preferences

Expressed Preferences Behaviors are informed by attitudes What end-users want or acceptable risk?

‘The societal value system fluctuates with time, and the technological capability to follow fast changing societal goals does not exist.’

C. Starr, R. Rudman, and C. Whipple. Philosophical Basis for Risk Analysis. Annual Review of Energy, 1:629-662, 1976.

Nine Dimensional Model

Voluntariness Immediacy Knowledge to Experts Knowledge to Exposed Control Newness Common-Dread Chronic-Catastrophic SeverityB. Fischhoff, P. Slovic, S. Lichtenstein, S. Read, and B. Combs. How safe is safe enough? A psychometric study of

attitudes towards technological risks and benefits. Policy Sciences, 9(2):127–152, 1978.

Rational Risk Communication

Smoking is a factor which contributes to lung cancer. Most cancers that start in lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas that derive from epithelial cells. Depending on the type of tumor, so-called paraneoplastic phenomena may initially attract attention to the disease.[16] In lung cancer, these phenomena may include Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (muscle weakness due to auto-antibodies), hypercalcemia, or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Tumors in the top (apex) of the lung, known as Pancoast tumors,[17] may invade the local part of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to changed sweating patterns and eye muscle problems (a combination known as Horner's syndrome) as well as muscle weakness in the hands due to invasion of the brachial plexus.

Boundedly Rational

Gender Differences

Aging!

Income

Education

Mental Models

Physical Criminal Medical Warfare Economic

Boundedly Rational

Mental Model

Privacy Case Study

Phishing Keyloggers Older Adults

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Why Older Adults?

Fastest growing demographic Susceptibility to fraud

20% of the victims (FTC) 1/10th of publicly held bonds 1/3rd of publicly held stock

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Why Design for Older Adults

Designs for younger people Assumptions

Technical experience Sight, focus, dexterity Risk posture

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Design Constraints

Memory Semantic

Learnt Lasts longer Retention is better

Episodic Experienced Richer Retrieval is better!

Mental Models Physical, Criminal, Economic, Medical, and

Warfare

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Design Constraints

Memory Semantic

Learnt Lasts longer Retention is better

Episodic Experienced Richer Retrieval is better!

Mental Models Physical, Criminal, Economic, Medical, and

Warfare

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Risk Communication: Text

Privacy Videos

Phishing http://youtu.be/4ZQ9pFTCdy4

Keylogger http://youtu.be/6zHJoZqrCB0

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To conclude…