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Raquio, Beverly Jade A.

1. What are the 4 Ways of Knowing? Carper's four ways of knowing refers to the practice of identifying and implementing four

distinct ways of knowing, which include empirical, ethical, aesthetic and personal.Originally, Carper developed the ways of knowing to address issues in healthcare fornursing practitioners to use while treating patients. Carper's four ways of knowing

addresses the criticism of using only empirical, or scientific, ways of knowing for treating

patients and providing for them while they are ill by broadening the scope of knowledge

used to provide treatment. While the four ways of knowing remain important and relevantto healthcare providers.

2. Describe how the computer contributes to the ways of knowing in nursing. Carper's four ways of knowing is sometimes applied to areas and disciplines outside of

healthcare and nursing. Empirical knowledge refers to knowledge that is arrived atthrough external sources, which include scientific processes. What makes this knowledge

empirical is that is it is possible to verify it empirically, or through observation andinquiry. Things that are empirical include measurements, descriptions of diseases,

medicine and medicinal practices. By detailing four ways of knowing, Carper's typology

broadens nursing practice to include the other ways of knowing in addition to theempirical. Ethical knowledge refers to attitudes and knowledge gained from and

surrounding moral choices. It includes practitioners' and patients' moral values,

obligations and desired ends. This knowledge arises from moral and philosophical

frameworks through which individuals make moral choices. Aesthetic knowledge refersto practical action in an immediate context. The word aesthetic is used in this sense to

mean what is happening at present and it does not refer to the more common meaning ofknowledge relating to the study of art and considerations of beauty. This knowledge isthe practitioner's awareness of the patient's situation and the actions the practitioner takes.

Personal knowledge refers to the relationship between the practitioner and the patient. It

is related to the ability of the practitioner to empathize and to imagine the position of thepatient. This allows the practitioner to gain a better understanding of the patient.

3. What examples can you think of in which your current knowledge had to bereplaced with new knowledge?

I think the current knowledge that had to be replaced with the new knowledge is furthermain tasks of nurses comprise medication administration, care coordination, and patient

care activities. Several of these actions provide themselves fit to computerization. inreality, various of these activities, when automatic, convey synergies to the nursingprocess. For example, automated nursing documentation allows nurses to realign and trail

the care processes, focusing on improving outcomes by implementing suitable nursing

care for known problems.Automation of documentation is probably with nurse rounding tools. Each day, hospital

nurses "round" on their patients as well as collect a many of information about their

status- at their bedside. Alike to the most basic nursing computer applications that relied

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on punch-cards, further recent versions of these software packages may include a tablet

that allows a nurse to quickly document the status of each patient, at the patients

bedside. By more quickly and accurately allowing a nurse to take care of responsibilitiesrelated to documentation, more time is afforded to the nurse to focus on direct patient

care.

4. Using the definitions of nursing informatics, create your own nursing informatics

definition that would apply to your clinical practice.

Nursing informatics is an intended to support the management as well as dealing out ofnursing records, information plus knowledge to sustain the practice of nursing along with

the delivery of nursing care.

5. What implications for nursing does healthcare informatics have?

The study of the management as well as handing out of nursing records, informationalong with knowledge nursing informatics is well thought-out an essential component of

the science of nursing moreover not just a branch of computer science or information

science applied to nursing. This principle is based on the truth that data plus information

are symbolic representations of the phenomena through which nursing is concerned,

capability in problem structuring is field detailed along with algorithms also heuristics

used in solving domain problems are unusual to nursing.