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Unit 10 • Drywall

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Drywall materials are often used in interior finishing. Drywall is versatile, easy and fastto install, and provides a good base forpaint, wallpaper, or other interior finishes.Some types of drywall have their own decorative finish and require no additionalfinishing. The name "drywall" is usedbecause these materials require little or nowater for application.

Objectives ———————

1. Choose the benefits of using drywall.

2. Choose types of base or constructionwhere drywall is used.

3. Match types of drywall to their uses.

4. Select types of finishes that may beapplied to drywall.

5. Identify tools, equipment, and accessories used to install drywall.

6. Identify tools used to finish drywall.

7. Review the procedure to estimatematerials needed to drywall a structure.

8. Estimate materials needed to drywalla structure. (Assignment Sheet)

9. Install drywall on a wooden frame.(On The Job Activity)

10. Install drywall on a metal frame. (On The Job Activity)

TechConnect - STUDENT WORKBOOK 10 - 1 Drywall - Unit 10

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Unit 10 - Drywall 10 - 2 STUDENT WORKBOOK - TechConnect

Objective 1:—————— Choose the Benefits of UsingDrywall

Drywall is a rigid sheathing material madewith a noncombustible core (usually gypsum) that is surfaced with treatedpaper or some other sheet material.Drywall is applied to interior finish wallsand ceilings as a base for a finish of somesort.

Drywall is used extensively in residentialand commercial carpentry. Below aresome of the benefits of using drywall.

Easily applied — Drywall can beapplied using nails, screws, andadhesives. Metal corner beads,metal casing beads, and expansion joints are also used.

Economical — Drywall is moreeconomical to use than lath with aplaster finish.

Easily maintained — Onceinstalled, drywall requires little tono maintenance.

Easily repaired — Holes in drywall can be easily repairedusing furring strips to strengthenthe damaged area, a piece of drywall cut to the size of the hole,joint compound, and mesh orpaper tape.

Noncombustible — Drywall hasgood fire resistance propertiesbecause its core is made of gypsum or some other non-burning material.

Provides a good base for applying finish materials —Paint and wallpaper can be easilyapplied to drywall. Some types ofdrywall even come pre-decorated.

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United States Gypsum Companyhttp://www.usg.com

Gypsum Todayhttp://www.gypsumtoday.com

National Gypsum Companyhttp://www.nationalgypsum.com

Visit the followingsites to discover

more about drywall and

drywall installation:

Furring strips — narrow strips ofwood or metal attached to walls orceiling to form a level surface

Gypsum — a white mineral used inthe manufacture of plaster of Paris,gypsum plaster, drywall, cement, andfertilizers

Noncombustible — being incapable ofigniting or burning

• WORDS TO KNOW •

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Objective 2:—————— Choose Types of Base or Construction WhereDrywall is Used.

Drywall can be used with several types ofbase or construction:

Single layer applied to wood structure

Single layer applied to metal structure

Single layer applied directly tomasonry walls

Single layer applied to wood ormetal furring strips

Single layer used as subflooring

Double layer (two-ply) nailed,screwed, or laminated to structure

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Laminate — to bond together by uniting two or more layers ofmaterial


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Objective 3:—————— Match Types of Drywall toTheir Uses.

There are many different types of drywallwhich meet specific building needs inconstruction. Study the following typesand discuss with your instructor the use ofeach.

Backing board – does not have afinished surface. It is usuallyinstalled where it will be coveredwith a finished material like wood ortexture.

Ceiling/soffit (Type X) – has aharder core and thicker paper facings than standard drywall. Bystrengthening the core and thepaper, the drywall has better nailholding ability. It is usually installedas a backing for a suspended ceiling covered with a material likeacoustical tile.

Coreboard (shaftwall liner) – hasa gypsum core encased with strongliner paper. It is commonly used inlaminated partitions. The paper lineris usually treated with to resist moldand mildew.

Fire-code – has a surface coatingthat retards the spread of fires. It isusually installed in garages andwherever fire retardant materials arerequired by the building codes.

Insulating – is an exterior wallmaterial with a moisture-resistantgypsum core and liner. The paperliner is usually treated to resist moldand mildew. It provides a backingfor a variety of exterior finishes.

Moisture-resistant (M-R board) –resists moisture. It is usually recognized by its green or bluecolor. It is usually installed in bathrooms, kitchens, laundry rooms,restaurants, and other interior areasthat exposed to moisture. The paperliner is usually treated to resist moldand mildew.

Pre-finished – is available in a variety of surface materials,designs, and patterns. It requires notaping, painting, or other finish. It isusually installed vertically becauseof the difficulty in matching and finishing the butt joints.

Standard – is usually made of gypsum filler mixed with other ingredients and faced with treatedpaper. It is the most commonly useddrywall in both residential and commercial carpentry.

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Butt joints or joints — the placewhere the edges of two pieces of drywall meet or "butt up" againsteach other



Objective 4:—————— Select Types of FinishesThat May Be Applied toDrywall

One of the advantages of using drywall isthat it will accept many different types offinishes.

Acoustical tile – This type of finishis usually used for ceilings and isattached to an acoustical tile gridframe. Acoustical tiles are fiberboardproducts designed for interior deco-ration and sound insulation.

Ceramic tile – This type of finish isused primarily in the kitchen, bath-room, mudroom, and laundry room.Ceramic tiles come in a variety ofpatterns, shapes, sizes, and colors.They are made from clay or similarmaterials that are baked in a specialover at high temperatures.

Paint – This type of finish is themost commonly used finish on theexteriors and interiors of homes.Paint provides both protection anddecoration.

Paneling – This type of finish isveneer or solid wood and is used tofinish interior walls. Paneling can beapplied directly over drywall and isusually installed vertically.

Texture – This type of finish issprayed or rolled over drywall to cre-ate a textured surface. Texture maybe applied lightly or heavily, depend-ing on the desired effect.

Wallpaper – This type of finish ispatterned paper or vinyl backed withan adhesive. It is used to decorateinterior walls. Wallpaper requires aneven surface with attention given todrywall joints, nailheads, and metaltrims. It comes in a wide variety ofpatterns, materials, and finishes.

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Objective 5:—————— Identify Tools, Equipment,and Accessories Used InDrywall Installation

Using the right tool for specific tasks willimprove efficiency and reduce labor costs.Before installing drywall be sure to havegathered the following drywall installationtools.

FIGURE 1

Carrier lifter – used to lift and carrysheets of drywall (Figure 1)

FIGURE 2

Caulking gun – used to apply drywall adhesive to drywall (Figure 2)

FIGURE 3

Circle cutter – used to cut circles indrywall sheets (Figure 3)

FIGURE 4

Corner bead clincher – covers and protects the exposed outsidecorners of drywall (Figure 4)

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FIGURE 5

Divider – used to lay out a circleand/or divide distances along astraight line (Figure 5)

FIGURE 6

Drywall foot lift – a lifting devicethat is tapered on one end and has asupport on the bottom (Figure 6)

FIGURE 7

Drywall hammer – used to drive fas-teners into drywall (Figure 7)

FIGURE 8

Drywall lift – used to lift and position drywall to side walls and ceil-ings (Figure 8)

FIGURE 9

Drywall rasp – a coarse file used toshape drywall (Figure 9)

FIGURE 10

Drywall saw – used to cut straightedges on drywall (Figure 10)

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FIGURE 11

Drywall T-square – used as a guidefor cutting drywall (Figure 11)

FIGURE 12

Folding rule – used to measure,mark, and lay out drywall sheets(Figure 12)

FIGURE 13

Ream machine – a tool with a rotating cutting edge used to cut drywall (Figure 13)

FIGURE 14

Screwgun – a power tool used todrive various types of screws intodrywall (Figure 14)

FIGURE 15

Scribe – a pointed instrument usedto mark drywall (Figure 15)

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FIGURE 16

Steel tape – used to measure andmark drywall (Figure 16)

FIGURE 17

Stilts – used to support the footabove the ground in walking (Figure 17)

FIGURE 18

Utility knife – a cutting tool with ashort blade used to cut drywall(Figure 18)

FIGURE 19

Utility saw – used to cut drywall(Figure 19)

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Objective 6:—————— Identify Tools Used toFinish Drywall

Before finishing drywall be sure to havegathered the following drywall finishingtools.

FIGURE 20

Elastic knife or putty knife – usedto apply joint compound to drywall(Figure 20)

FIGURE 21

Hand sander – a wooden or plasticblock with sandpaper attached usedto sand joint compound (Figure 21)

FIGURE 22

Hand tape gun – used to applytape to drywall seams (Figure 22)

FIGURE 23

Inside corner tool – used to applyjoint compound to the inside cornersof drywall (Figure 23)

FIGURE 24

Joint compound pan – used tohold joint compound for drywall finishing (Figure 24)

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FIGURE 25

Long-handled corner sander –used to sand joint compound oninside corners of drywall (Figure 25)

FIGURE 26

Long-handled sander – used tosand joint compound (Figure 26)

FIGURE 27

Outside corner tool – used to applyjoint compound to the outside cor-ners of drywall (Figure 27)

FIGURE 28

Taping knife – used to apply jointcompound to tape (Figure 28)

FIGURE 29

Taping machine (banjo) – amechanical tool used to apply tapeto drywall seams (Figure 29)

Automatic Taping and Finishing Tools

FIGURE 30

Angle roller – embeds and smoothstape while forming a sharp corner(Figure 30)

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FIGURE 31

Automatic taper – applies tape andjoint compound at the same time(Figure 31)

FIGURE 32

Flat box – applies joint compoundover taped joints (Figure 32)

FIGURE 33

Nail spotter – applies joint compound over nails and screws(Figure 33)

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Objective 7:—————— Review the Procedures for Estimating Materials Needed to Drywall a Structure.

Perimeter – the edges or boundary of an area

Square footage – the sum of an area's length multiplied by its width (measured in feet)

Drywall is estimated in square feet. Several types of calculations are necessary in drywall materials estimates. Study and practice the following procedures.

Estimating square footage and number of sheets of drywall needed

1. Determine total square footage to be covered in drywall by following these steps.

A. Check plans and compute square footage of wall and ceiling space in structure.Ignore openings such as doors and window.

square footage of wall = (total perimeter of walls x wall height)square footage of ceilings = + (ceiling width x ceiling length)

total square footage to be drywalled

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FIGURE 34

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EXAMPLE: For a 12' x 16' room with a wall height of 8', the total squarefootage to be drywalled is:

((12+12+16+16) x 8)+ (12x16)

(56 x 8) + (12 x 16)

448 + 192

640 sq. ft.

2. Determine number of sheets of each size of drywall needed by following thesesteps.

A. Determine the square footage of a drywall sheet.

EXAMPLES: 4' x 8' drywall sheet has 32 square feet (4 x 8 = 32)4' x 10' drywall sheet has 40 square feet (4 x 10 = 40)

B. Divide the square footage of the area to be covered by the square footagespace of the drywall sheet.

EXAMPLES: Using the previous specifications:640 ÷ 32 = 20 sheets of 4' x 8' drywall640 ÷ 40 = 16 sheets of 4' x 10' drywall

Estimating amounts of fastening and finishing materials needed

1. Estimate the amounts of fastening and finishing materials needed by followingthese steps.

A. Use Table 2 below to find the amount of nails, screws, joint compound, tape,and texture paint needed per 1,000 square feet of drywall

NOTE: Nail spacing should be a minimum of 7" on ceilings and 8" on walls.However, when double nailing is used, nails are spaced 2" apart every 12".



Table 2

EXAMPLE: If a structure has 640 square feet, as in the previous example, to be cov-ered with drywall and fastened with 1 1/4" drywall screws, then multiply the amountneeded for 1,000 square feet by the square footage to be cover expressed as adecimal:

4 1/4 lb. x (640/1000) = lbs. of drywall screws needed

4 1/4 lb. x .640 = 2.72 lbs. of drywall screws needed.

B. Check manufacturer's recommendations to find the amount of adhesive needed forthe type of adhesive you are using.

NOTE: Each type of drywall adhesive has a different coverage capability; therefore,always follow the manufacturer's recommendation.

C. Check plans and count the number of metal corners needed.

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Unit 10 • Drywall

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Assignment SheetObjective 8:—————— Estimate Materials Neededto Drywall a Structure.

Equipment and Supplies:

� Equipment and Supplies� Calculator� Pen or pencil

Instructions: The use of drywall is a great convenience to the interior systems carpenter. It saves a great deal of time and money over constructing walls and ceilingsfrom lath and plaster. However, these savings can be quickly lost if materials are poorlyestimated. Estimates need to be accurate to avoid unnecessary handling of drywall ordelays due to ordering too little material. This assignment will help you become proficient in estimating drywall materials.

Part 1

Calculate the square feet of walls and ceilings for the rooms in the structure illustratedbelow. Show your work and write the correct answers in the blanks. Round off youranswer to the nearest whole number.


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1. Bedroom #1, closet, with 8' ceiling = _______________________

2. Bath and Hallway with 8' ceiling = _________________________

3. Garage with 12' ceiling = ________________________________

Part 2

Using Table 2, estimate the amounts of the following materials needed to apply and finish drywall for the previous illustrations. Show your work in the space below andwrite the correct answers in the blanks.

Bedroom #1

1. Number of sheets of 8' x 4' drywall = _______________________

2. Pounds of 1 1/4-inch annular-ring nails = ____________________

3. Feet of perforated joint tape needed = ______________________

4. Pounds of ready-mix joint compound needed = _______________

Bath and Hallway


2. Pounds of 1 1/4-inch drywall screws = _____________________

3. Feet of perforated joint tape needed = _____________________

4. Pounds of ready-mix joint compound needed = ______________

Garage

NOTE: Materials will not be needed for the area where the garage door will be placed.


2. Pounds of 1 1/4-inch drywall screws = ______________________

3. Feet of perforated joint tape needed = _____________________

4. Pound of ready-mix joint compound needed = _______________

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Table 2


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Unit 10 • Drywall

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On the Job ActivityObjective 9:—————— Install Drywall On a Wooden Frame

Video

Watch the video titled "Installing Drywall.”

Introduction: Before installing drywall on a wooden frame, the drywall installer may beresponsible for preplanning and/or making sure the construction site is ready for drywall installation. Drywall installation must comply with local building code requirements. Sometimes the installed drywall may require an inspection before tapingis permitted. Some of the following guidelines will help you in the preparation forinstalling drywall and complying with building codes.

Guidelines:

Check the building code inspection sheet for completion and approval.

Inspect to be sure that the electrical, water, gas, heating, and air-conditioningrough-in have been properly completed.

Inspect to be sure wall insulation has been properly installed.

Check fire codes with the building plans for correct placement and nail length.

NOTE: Fire codes usually require double layering of drywall.

Use the same manufacturer for framing parts and the drywall.

NOTE: Fire tests are rated and tested on framing parts and drywall using materials from the same manufacturer. Mixing products from different manufacturers could result in a lower fire-rating than required.

Use personal protection items when working with drywall.

Handle drywall sheets as if they are fragile to avoid damage to the drywall.

Inspect drywall for dents, scars, or other damage.

Store drywall materials in a dry area and on a flat surface.

Use the longest length of drywall that can be conveniently used.●

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Whenever possible, drywall should be installed horizontally on walls. Drywall edges areslightly recessed creating a channel for the joint compound and tape. A smoother finishon the drywall surface will result when the meeting edges are flush.

Nails are the most common way to attach the drywall to the framing. A successful nailinstallation includes using the proper drywall nails and making sure the nails arespaced properly. Always use personal protection equipment when working on a construction site or with building materials and tools and follow all safety procedures.


� 2 x 4s for T braces� T square or steel straightedge� Circle cutter� Drywall� Drywall hammer� Drywall jacks and lifts� Drywall rasp� Joint-finishing knives with 4" and 10" blades� Utility/keyhole saw� Metal corners � Nails and nail pouch� Personal protection equipment� Steel tape � Utility knife

PROCEDURE

Ceiling Installation

Step 1: Put on all appropriate personal protection equipment.

Step 2: Layout drywall.

NOTE: Measure 48 1/4" out at each end of the room and mark ceiling joists. Strikea chalk line across all joists at these marks. The extra 1/4" will allow for variations inthe framing.

Step 3: Measure the first full sheet of ceiling drywall.

A. Begin at one end of the room—measure the distance from the end wall to thecenter of the ceiling joist nearest to it, but less than the length of the drywall.Subtract 1/4" from this measurement.

Example: 8 feet minus 1/4" equals 7'-11 3/4"

B. Mark the drywall to the length determined in step "A".

Example: 7'-11 3/4"

Step 4: Cut drywall.

NOTE: Drywall joints must fall on the center of joists.

A. Mark measurements on finished face of drywall.

B. Hold a straightedge or T-square on the marks and use a utility knife to scoreand cut through face paper.

C. Break drywall at the cut.

D. Use a utility knife to cut the paper on the back side of the drywall sheet.

E. Use a drywall rasp to smooth the edge if necessary.

Step 5: Cut openings for fixtures, etc.

A. To cut the openings, measure the distance of the opening from the end andfrom the edge of the drywall.

B. Mark the measurement on the face of the drywall.

NOTE: Openings should be no more than 1/8" larger than fixture. The fixturesmust be secured properly to the metal ceiling joists or hangers.

C. Cut the opening with a drywall saw.

Step 6: Install backing along top plate if it has not already been installed. (Figure 35)

FIGURE 35

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Step 7: Construct two or more T-braces from 2 x 4s, making the vertical member at least1/2" shorter than the distance from the floor to the bottom of the joist. (Figure 36)

NOTE: T-braces are used to support the drywall during ceiling installation.

Step 8: Install the first full sheet.

A. Beginning in a corner, position full sheet of drywall at right angle to ceiling joists. Nailthe ceiling drywall with the longest edge to the joists at the 48 1/4" point and the endpositioned on the center of the ceiling joist. (Figure 37)

FIGURE 36

FIGURE 37

B. Position T-braces to support the drywall sheet and to hold it in place.

Step 9: Using a drywall hammer, nail the drywall to the ceiling joists.

A. Beginning at the center of the sheet and working outward, nail drywall by drivingnails flush and then striking once more to make a dimple.

NOTE: Do not break the surface paper when nailing.

B. Double-nail sheet along joists by placing two nails 2" apart at 12" intervals.

C. Drive one nail every 7" along drywall edges. (Figure 38)


FIGURE 38

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Step 10: Install remaining ceiling drywall. Place drywall as shown in Figure 37.

Wall installation


A. Measure the length of wall and then subtract 1/4" from measured length. The extra 1/4" will allow for variations in the framing.

B. Mark measurements on finished face of drywall.

NOTE: Drywall over door and window openings may be put in position and cut inplace.

C. Hold straightedge or T-square on marks and use a utility knife to score and cutthrough the face paper.

D. Break drywall at the cut.

E. Use a utility knife to cut paper on the backside of drywall.

F. Use a drywall rasp tool to smooth cut edge if necessary.


Step 2: Cut openings for fixtures, electrical boxes, switches, etc.

A. To cut the openings, measure the distance of the opening from the end and edgeof the drywall.


NOTE: Openings should be no more than 1/8" larger than fixture.

C. Outline the openings with a pencil.

D. Cut the openings with a drywall saw or keyhole saw.

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Step 3: Install the first full sheet of drywall in top row. (Figure 39)

FIGURE 39

A. Beginning in a corner, hold full sheet of drywall tightly against ceiling drywall.

B. Beginning at the center of the sheet and working outward, nail drywall by drivingnails flush and then striking once more to make a dimple.

C. Double-nail the sheet along studs by placing two nails 2" apart at 12" intervals.

D. Drive one nail every 8" along drywall edges.

Step 4: Cut and install remaining drywall in top row.

NOTE: Drywall joints should be at no less than 6" from the end of window or doorheaders.


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Step 5: Cut and install drywall in bottom row.

A. Position drywall with drywall lift to lift and hold the drywall sheet tightly against thesheet in the top row. (Figure 40)

FIGURE 40

B. Nail drywall following procedures for installing first full sheet.

C. Continue cutting and installing as required to complete drywall installation. (Figure 41)

FIGURE 41

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Step 6: Install metal corner beads.

NOTE: Metal corner beads are used only on outside corners.

A. Measure length of outside corner.

B. Cut metal corner bead to length as needed.

Step 7: Position metal corner bead over outside corner and nail corner bead every 5"on both edges through drywall into wood frame.

Step 8: Ask your instructor to evaluate your work.

Step 9: Clean up area and put away equipment and supplies.


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On the Job ActivityObjective 10:—————— Install Drywall On a MetalFrame.

Introduction: Metal studs are primarilyused in commercial application where non-combustible partitions and ceilingsystems are required. However, residential construction is also usingmetal framing for a variety of reasons.Metal framing is economical, non-combustible, and lightweight. One ofthe many advantages to metal framingis the ability to produce a finishedproduct that is straight and true. Metalframing does not warp or shrink like wooden framing.

Drywall sheets are usually hung vertically on metal framing and application is usuallyfrom the bottom up. Installing drywall on metal framing may require single, double, ormultiple layers. If the application is double or multiple layers, the first and subsequentlayers are hung horizontally with the final layer being hung vertically.

Ceiling drywall is usually applied after the wall application on metal framing. It is easierto place the drywall sheets and hold the screwgun needed to attach the drywall whenthe walls provide support for the ceiling drywall sheets. Suspended ceilings are usuallyused in commercial construction but may also be used in residential. Drywall furringchannels are used on suspended ceilings to attach the drywall or ceiling tiles withhanger wires, screws, or clips.

Screw-on application is used to attach drywall to metal framing. Like nail application,screw-on application requires that the screws be set at the proper depth (barely belowthe surface of the drywall). If the screw head is above the drywall surface, it will causea bump in the finished product.

NOTE: Screw-on application is sometimes used on wooden framing because of theholding power and fewer repair costs associated with nail pops, bad joints, andcrooked walls and ceilings.

Drywall sheets whether fastened with nails or screws or attached to wooden or metalframing share many installation procedures in common. Drywall installation must comply with local building code requirements. Sometimes the installed drywall mayrequire an inspection before taping is permitted. Some of the following guidelines willhelp you in the preparation for installing drywall and complying with building codes.


Hanger wires — a wire used to supports a suspended member.

Furring channels — metal channelsfasted to a structural surface toprovide a base for fastening finishmaterial.


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Guidelines:

Check the building code inspection sheet for completion and approval.

Inspect to be sure that the electrical, water, gas, heating, and air-conditioningrough-in have been properly completed.

Inspect to be sure wall insulation has been properly installed.

Check fire codes with the building plans for correct placement and nail length.

NOTE: Fire codes usually require double layering of drywall.

Use the same manufacturer for framing parts and the drywall.

NOTE: Fire tests are rated and tested on framing parts and drywall using materials from the same manufacturer. Mixing products from different manufacturers could result in a lower fire-rating than required.

Use personal protection items when working with drywall.

Handle drywall sheets as if they are fragile to avoid damage to the drywall.

Inspect drywall for dents, scars, or other damage.

Store drywall materials in a dry area and on a flat surface.

Use the longest length of drywall that can be conveniently used.

Always use personal protection equipment when working on a construction site or withbuilding materials and tools. Follow all safety laws and use proper protection equipmentas required.


� Circle cutter� Drywall 1/2" thickness� Drywall lift� Drywall or utility/keyhole saw� Drywall rasp� Drywall square� Metal bead corners� Nail pouch� Screwgun� Screws � Steel tape� Utility knife

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Procedure:

Vertical Wall Installation

Step 1: Put on all appropriate personal protection equipment.


A. Measure the length of wall and then subtract 1/4" from measured length. The extra 1/4" will allow for variations in the framing.

B. Mark measurements on finished face of drywall.


C. Hold straightedge or T-square on marks and use sharp knife to score and cutthrough the face paper.

D. Break drywall at cut.

E. Use knife to cut paper on back side of drywall.

F. Use drywall rasp tool to smooth cut edge if necessary.


Step 3: Cut openings for fixtures, electrical boxes, switches, etc.

A. To cut the openings, measure the distance of the opening from the end and edgeof the drywall.


NOTE: Openings should be no more than 1/8 inch larger than fixture.

C. Outline openings with pencil.

D. Cut the openings with a drywall saw or utility saw.

Step 4: Install first full sheet of drywall vertically.

A. Beginning in a corner, hold full sheet of drywall tightly against corner. Use the dry-wall lift to hold the sheet in position.

B. Install drywall screws using a screwgun.


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C. Place drywall screws 16" apart. (Figure 42)

FIGURE 42

Step 5: Cut and install remaining drywall.

A. Drywall joints should be at no less than six inches from the end of window or doorheaders. (Figure 43)

FIGURE 43

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B. Continue cutting and installing as required to complete drywall installation. (Figure 44)


FIGURE 44

Ceiling Installation


NOTE: Measure 48 1/4" out at each end of the room and mark ceiling joists. Strikea chalk line across all joists at these marks. The extra 1/4" will allow for variations inthe framing.

Step 2: Measure the first full sheet of ceiling drywall.

A. Beginning at one end of the room, measure the distance from the end wall to thecenter of the ceiling joist nearest to it, but less than the length of the drywall.Subtract 1/4" from this measurement.

Example: 8' minus 1/4" equals 7'-11 3/4"

B. Mark the drywall to the length determined in step "A".

Example: 7'-11 3/4"


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Step 3: Cut drywall.


A. Mark measurements on finished face of drywall.

B. Hold straightedge or T-square on marks and use sharp knife to score and cutthrough face paper.

C. Break drywall at cut.

D. Use utility knife to cut paper on back side of the drywall sheet.

E. Use drywall rasp to smooth edge if necessary.

Step 4: Cut openings for fixtures, etc.

A. To cut the openings, measure the distance of the opening from the end and fromthe edge of the drywall.


NOTE: Openings should be no more than 1/8" larger than fixture. The fixtures mustbe secured properly to the metal ceiling joists or hangers.

C. Cut the opening with a drywall saw.

Step 5: Install first full sheet of ceiling drywall.

A. Beginning in a corner, butt the drywall up against the wall.

B. Using a screwgun, install drywall screws.

C. Space the screws 12" apart.

Step 6: Install remaining ceiling drywall.

Metal Corner Beads

Step 1: Install metal corner beads.

NOTE: Metal corner beads are used only on outside corners of walls.

A. Measure length of outside corner.

B. Cut metal corner bead to length as needed.

Unit 10 • Drywall

CARPENTRY

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Step 2: Position metal corner bead over outside corner and screw the corner bead every5" on both edges through drywall into metal frame.

Step 3: Ask your instructor to evaluate your work.

Step 4: Clean up area and put away equipment and supplies.

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