Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy with Carolina’s Perfect Solution®

Specimens

Carolina Biological Supply Company

www.carolina.com

800-334-5551

2008

Burlington, NC

• Showcase Carolina’s Perfect Solution®

• Introduce animal diversity in the vertebrate subphylum

• Use scientific inquiry

• Compare and contrast external/internal anatomy

• Compare and contrast anatomical adaptations

Session Objectives:

Carolina’s Perfect Solution® Specimens

• No formaldehyde odor

• Non-toxic

• Superior quality

• No special ventilation or disposal required

• Use in any classroom or lab

“Carolina’s Perfect Solution® is an excellent preservative and it provides a much better atmosphere for students. We highly recommend it!”

Robert BowdenInstructor in Gross AnatomyWake Forest University Medical Center

Superior Quality & Safety

The Safetyyou expect & the Quality

you deserve!

Simply the Best!

Carolina’s Perfect Solution® Specimens

Unlike some of our Competitors’ Products, Carolina’s Perfect Solution®

specimens:

• Do not attempt to mask a formaldehyde scent with other chemicals.

• Are not fixed initially with formaldehyde and then perfused with another “formalin-free” alternative.

• Do not use other potentially harmful chemicals such as glutaraldehyde in the fixing process.

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Safety Issues

•Personal Protective Equipment:– Gloves, goggles, and lab aprons

•Sharps:– Scalpels and other sharp instruments should be used sparingly. Exploration is better performed with blunt instruments

•Safety Tip:– If you are not using an instrument, set it down.

Additional Animals for Comparison

Carosafe®

Specimens

Prepare To Dissect

Prepare To Dissect

•Safety Equipment

•Dissecting Tray

•Dissecting Kit

•Perfect Solution®

Specimen

Inquiry Based Dissection

Allow

questions to

guide the

investigation.

Observe Coloration

What is the advantage?

External Survey: Guide The Inquiry

• How does the

skin feel?

• What is its function?

• How do scales

protect the perch?

Discussion Questions

• Compare the rat’s

upper extremity

with your arm.

• What are some

differences and

similarities?

Discussion Questions

• Compare the pig’s lower

extremity with your leg.

• Try to locate the pig’s hip,

thigh, knee, calf, ankle,

and foot.

• What are some

differences and

similarities between the

pig’s foot and your foot?

Skeletal Structure

Compare the

positions and

structures of

the bones in the

frog with those

in a human.

External Survey: Guide The Inquiry

• How do the eyes compare

to our own?

• Location?

• How many eyelids can

you find?

• Advantages?

Human Rat

Domain Eukarya Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia Animalia

Phylum Chordata Chordata

Class Mammalia Mammalia

Teaching Taxonomy:

Inquiry and Science Notebooks:

Inquiry and Science Notebooks:

Compare Frogs with Humans

Hair Smooth skin

VERTEBRATES

Produce milk

Bear live young

Metamorphosis

Egg-laying

MAMMALS AMPHIBIANS

Observation Guides Investigation:

Observe several specimens of the

same species.

How do they differ?

Which organisms demonstrate the highest degree of sexual dimorphism?

Sexual Dimorphism:

Determining Gender in Rats

Determining Gender in Pigs

• Visible scrotal sac in the male

• Genital papilla in the female

Determining Gender in Pigs

Note Enlarged Thumb Pad

This is a Male!

Determining Gender in Frogs

Wait and see!

Determining Gender in Perch

Draw and label a cross

section of the

umbilical cord

Clip off tip…

Umbilical Cord:

The Umbilical Cord

Length of Specimen

Approximate Age

Days from Fertilization

4 cm 56 days

20 cm 75 days

25 cm 100 days

30 cm 112 –115 days

Determining Age of Fetal Pig

Preparing the larger vertebrates

Decide on ventral incision style based on gender of your pig

Making the Incisions:

MALE FEMALE

Making the Incisions

Making the Incisions

Making the Incisions

Making the Incisions

Making the Incisions

Guide The Inquiry

1. What is the relationship between organs and systems?

2. What similarities are there between these organs of the pig and those of humans?

3. Compare the frog’s heart and the human heart. How do they differ?

4. Answer the questions posed prior to dissection.

Assessment Idea:

PERCH HUMAN

Scales Hair

Backbone

Kidney

LungsGills

We Can Meet Your Dissection Needs

Top-quality specimens and supplies

We Welcome the Opportunity To Exceed Your Expectations

Additional Resources from Carolina

Carolina™ BioLab® Virtual Lab Series

Guide students through an interactive virtual dissection, teaching internal and external features

Thank you for investing your time and viewing our presentations.

We look forward to helping you with your science education needs!

Carolina Biological Supply Company