Carl Lagoze

Digital Library Service Registry WorkshopServices in a Scholarly Communication

Framework

Carl Lagoze

Joint work with….

• NSF-funded Pathways Projecto Jeroen Bekaerto Xiaoming Liuo Sandy Payetteo Herbert Van de Sompelo Simeon Warner

• Seed for upcoming Augmenting Interoperability across Scholarly Repositories Meeting sponsored by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Coalition for Networked Information, the Digital Library Federation, JISC and Microsoft.

Carl Lagoze

Relevant Technology Trends

• Service-oriented architecture

• Web 2.0

• Semantic Web

SOA

Web 2.0

RDF

OWL-S

OWL

Carl Lagoze

Service-oriented architectures (SOA)

• Characteristics of serviceso Modular, atomico Well-defined interfaceso Loosely coupledo Like building blockso Standards for invoking

operations (e.g., SOAP/REST, XML)

• Benefits o Flexibilityo Enable creation of higher-level serviceso Enable customized end-user applicationso Re-use services in different contextso Evolution: create new services as neededo Orchestrate services to fulfill a process

monolithic application

Carl Lagoze

Implications of Web 2.0

• Key themeso Services (not packaged apps)o Architecture of participationo Remix/transform data sourceso Harness collective intelligence

• Emergent Behavioro Upcoming generations of scholars will have a completely

different paradigm and expectations regarding technologyo Collaborative classification (e.g., flickr)o Power of collective intelligence (amazon)o Alternative trust models (reputation – ebay; open-source)

Carl Lagoze

1. Creation and publication of new forms of “information units”

2. Services to better enable the processes of research and scholarship

3. Knowledge environments that captures semantic and factual relationships among information units

4. Promote information re-use and contextualization

5. Facilitate collaborative activity and capture information that is created as a byproduct of it

e-Scholarship in the New Context

Carl Lagoze

Services in e-Scholarship

• Decompose and distribute traditional steps in scholarly publishing value chain1

o Registration – claim precedence for a scholarly finding. o Certification - establish validity of scholarly claim o Awareness - discover and access claims and findingso Archiving - preserves the scholarly record over timeo Rewarding - based on metrics derived from that system

• Add new services to the mixo Workflow o Collaborative functions (e.g., annotation, re-use) o Data mining and analysiso Preservation monitoring and migration

1. Roosendaal and Geurts 1997

Carl Lagoze

Service pathways (decomposed and distributed)

Carl Lagoze

The repository model

• Repositories (institutional, learned society, etc.) are about facilitating the (re)use of materials in many contexts

• Repositories are the starting point of value chains

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Value chains starting in repositories

Example 1: Overlay journal

• Editor of overlay journal selects articles from 3 repositories (arXiv, DSpace, Fedora) for inclusion in the next journal issue

Carl Lagoze

Value chains starting in repositories

Example 2: Data-aware scholarship

• Researcher uses datasets from 2 repositories (Fedora, NVO), performs operations on those, creates a publication that contains the resulting new dataset and an accompanying paper, and deposits this publication in her institutional repository (DSpace).

Carl Lagoze

Value chains starting in repositories

Observations

• Need interoperable repository interfaces to support these kind of workflows

• Must tie the new object persistently to the objects in the origin repositories;

• Allow another party wants to add value via services to the new object (journal issue, publication)

Carl Lagoze

Value chains starting in repositories

Infrastructure to support such operations:• A data model supported across repositories• Core interfaces supported across repositories: Obtain,

Harvest, Put• Notion of persistent Identity and Lineage play a crucial

role in the data model and in the interfaces• Service Registry for discovery, matching, and application

of value-add operations to information units

Carl Lagoze

Data Model for Reusable Information

• Common framework for reuse among heterogeneous repositories

• Information sharing format - NOT a packaging format• Influenced by:

o FRBRo Kahn/Wilensky Digital Object Frameworko Compound Object Schema – METS, DIDL, FOXML

• Integrates information on:o Structureo Lineageo Access pointso Semantics

Carl Lagoze

Data Model and Service Matching

• Beyond simple (MIME) type mapping – e.g., PANIC• Provides framework for structural and semantic service

matching