caring model
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WATSONSTHEORY
SUSHEEWA W., MSN,
Ph.D.BCNNV
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Jean Watsons Theory
Jean Watsons Theory of Transpersonal Caring
also called Theory of Human Caring or The
Caring Model was developed in 1979.
It emphasizes the humanistic aspects of nursingin combination with scientific knowledge
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Human Caring Theory
The core principles of Human Caring Theory
(Watson, 2008, p. 34) are:
Practice of loving-kindness and equanimity
Authentic presence: enabling deep belief of other
Cultivation of ones own spiritual practice
beyond ego
Being the caring-healing environment
Allowing for miracles
Watson, J. (2008)
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Caring
Caring begins with being present,
open to compassion, mercy,
gentleness, loving-kindness, andequanimity toward and with self
before one can offer compassionate
care to others(Watson, 2008, p. xviii).
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Major Elements of caring model:
- Carative Factors
- Transpersonal caringrelationship
- Caring occasion/Caringmoment
Jean Watsons Theory:
Caring
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Comprised of 10 elements:
1. Humanistic-altruistic system of value
2. Faith-Hope3. Sensitivity to self and others
4. Helping-trusting, human care
relationship
5. Expressing positive and negative
feelings
Carative Factors
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10 elements (Con)
6. Creative problem-solving caring process
7. Transpersonal teaching-learning
8. Supportive, protective, and/or correctivemental, physical, societal and spiritual
environment
9. Human needs assistant10. Existential-phenomenological-spiritual
forces
(Watson, 1988b, p. 75)
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Transpersonal Caring
Relationship
This is a special kind of human care thatdepends on:- The nurses moral commitment in protectingand enhancing human dignity as well as thedeeper self
- The nurses caring consciousnesscommunicated to preserve and honor theembodied spirit, therefore not reducing the person
to a moralstatus of an object
- The nurses connection and having thepotential to heal since experience, perception,
and intentional connection are taking place
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Transpersonal Caring
Relationship
Describes how the nurse goes beyond the
objective assessmentto show concerning
toward the persons subjective/deeper
meaning of their healthcare situation.
Involves mutuality between the two
individuals involved
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Caring Occasion/Caring
Moment
The moment (focal point inspace and time) when the nurse
and another person cometogether in such a way that anoccasion for human caring is
created
(Watson, 1988b, 1999).
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Caring Occasion/Caring Moment
(Con)
Both the nurse and one who are being
cared can be influenced by the caring
moment
For example, The nurse enters the
patients room, a feeling of expectation is
created.
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Establish a caring relationship with patients
Treat patients as holistic beings (body, mind
and spirit)
Display unconditional acceptance
Treat patients with a positive regard
Promote health through knowledge and
intervention
Spend uninterrupted time with patients: caring
moments
According to Watson, the nurses role
is to:
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Nursing is based on the concept of care. Many
nurses around the world have adopted Jean
Watsons Caring Theory in their practice and
research.
Application of Watsons theory
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Professional Practice Model
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Quality Caring Model developed by Joanne Duffy, RN,
PhD.
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Sample of Carative factors
used
Carative factors used with postpartum
women experiencing multiple emotions
never pass judgments, provide all patients
with the same respect and level of care.
instill hope in the mothers that they will be
able to care for their babies and return to their
normal state of health.discuss the patients perceptions and feelings
towards their birthing/parenting experiences.
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discuss the patients perceptions and
feelings towards their birthing/parenting
experiences.
provide a trusting relationship where the
patient feels that you are committed to
helping them. Advocate for the patient.
enable the patient to discuss positive and
negative feelings concerning her current
healthcare/home situation.
Sample of Carative factors
used
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use creativity during teaching
opportunities and holistic treatments
involving pain management. (6 & 7)
ensure that their environment is
comfortable and enables them to get rest.
Ensure that the patients home
environment is safe for mother and babyupon return.
Sample of Carative factors
used
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help patients reach harmony (mind, body,
spirit) through holistic and caring
modalities. Promote mother-infant
bonding. Assess patients support system.(9&10)
Sample of Carative factors
used
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Carative factors used with patients
suffering Major Thalassemia
never pass judgments, provide all patients
with the same respect and level of care.
instill hope in the patients with Thalassemia
that they will get through this tough time, and
they will get through this situation and returnto their baseline health.
Sample of Carative factors
used
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Sample of Carative factors
used
discuss the patients feelings and perceptionsabout their quality of life and symptommanagement.
provide a trusting relationship where thepatient feels that you are committed tohelping them. Advocate for the patients asneeded.
enable the patient to discuss positive andnegative feelings concerning his/her currenthealthcare situation and come to a mutualagreement. Multidisciplinary rounding.
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Sample of Carative factors
used
use creativity during teaching
opportunities and holistic treatments
involving symptom management. Involve
family in teaching as much as possible.(6&7)
ensure that their environment is
comfortable and enables them to get rest.
S f C f
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Sample of Carative factors
used
help patients reach harmony (mind, body,
spirit) through holistic and caring
modalities. Initiate or continue palliative
care and assess patients support system.(9&10)
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Bibliography
Parker, M. (2001). Nursing theories and
nursing practice. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
Watson, J. (2008). Nursing: The philosophy
and science of caring (Rev. ed.). Boulder, CO:University Press of Colorado.