Careers Adviser’s DayDr Cedric D’MelloAssociate Dean for EducationJuly 2011

In Today’s Presentation

• Looking back

• The Engineering profession today

• How Engineering is changing

• Modern Trends & Careers in Engineering

• Programmes at City University London

• What you need to do to become an Engineer

Engineering in the 20th

Century

How many of the 20th century's greatest engineering achievements will you use today? A car? Computer? Telephone? This is the top 20.

1. Electrification 11. Highways2. Automobile 12.Spacecraft3. Airplane 13. Internet4. Water Supply and Distribution 14. Imaging5. Electronics 15. Household Appliances6. Radio and Television 16. Health Technologies7. Agricultural Mechanisation 17. Petroleum and

Petrochemical Technologies8. Computers 18. Laser and Fibre Optics9. Telephone 19. Nuclear Technologies10. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration

20. High-performance Materials

The Engineering Profession

A wide ranging profession today• uses design, mathematical and science

skills• offers benefits to society and the

environment

Project based • opportunity to undertake a major project• learn new skills and take up new challenges

Demand for engineering graduates strong

• Including business and finance, the media, computing and the internet for example

Engineering is the knowledge required, and the process applied, to conceive, design, make, build, operate, sustain, recycle or retire, something with significant technical content for a specified purpose: a concept, a model, a product, a device, a process, a system, a service, a technology.

• The “knowledge required” is the growing body of facts, experience and skills in science, engineering, and technology disciplines; coupled to an understanding of the fields of application.Engineering Knowledge is the “know-what”.

• The “process applied” is the creative process which applies knowledge and experience to seek one or more technical solutions to meet a requirement, solve a problem, then exercise informed judgment to implement the one that best meets constraints.Engineering Process is the “know-how”.

What do Engineers do?• Engineers are problem solvers.• They use available technology to solve these problems. • They rely strongly on their creativity and academic skills. • They use mathematics, science, and computers to

model real life situations and solve problems.

Some engineers may design cardiac pacemakers while others may design skyscrapers or computer programs, but they might all be using the same computing environments and mathematical methods!

Engineers are problem solvers who search for quicker, better, and less expensive ways to use the forces and materials of nature to meet today’s challenges

Changing world, changing engineering

– Increasing dependence on technology– GDP of BRIC nations will overtake G6 by 2040– China and India: 464,000 engineers pa– UK: 24,000 engineers pa

– Products to integrated systems/customer solutions

– Growing technological and system complexity– Increasing management complexity– Globalisation, offshoring and international

teaming

‘ a key knowledge hub in the global economy…with a reputation …as a world leader in turning knowledge into new products and services’

Science and Innovation Investment Framework 2004 – 2014

Engineering in the 21st

CenturyNanotechnologyMedical EngineeringSustainability

What is Nanotechnology?

• Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced.

• Nanoscience is concerned with the understanding of materials at nanoscales as they have very different properties.

Medical Engineering

Medical Engineering encompasses a broad range of activities, and is alternatively called Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering.

It is a multi-disciplinary subject integrating professional engineering activities with a basic medical knowledge of the human body and an understanding of how it functions when healthy, diseased or injured.

What is Sustainable Construction?• Sustainable construction is the set of processes

by which a profitable and competitive industry delivers built assets which: enhance the quality of life for employees and the local

community and offer customer satisfaction

offer flexibility and the potential to cater for user changes in the future

provide and support desirable natural and social environments for now and in the future

maximise the efficient use of resourcesSource: Achieving Sustainability in Construction Procurement produced by the Sustainability Action Group of the Government Construction Clients’ Panel (GCCP) June 2000

Sustainability

SustainabilitySustainable Development

As engineers in a sustainable society, we need to embrace:• energy efficiency;

• renewables,

• and ethical/recycled materials;

• social diversity;

• employee well being;

• considerate contractors ethos.

New Horizons in Engineering (RAE, UK)

• Active noise control and active vibration control• Adaptive systems and controls, eg Genetic algorithms• Advanced computer technology, eg fault tolerant architectures• Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge-based Systems• Bio-engineering• Biomaterials• Computer-based and networked learning and training systems• Data compression, error recovery and data encoding/security• Data warehouses, search algorithms and knowledge extraction• Diagnostic sensors• Digital broadcast• Digital signal processing• DNA drugs• Electronic Materials, eg III-V compounds like Gallium Nitride• Energy conversion, eg solid polymer electrolyte batteries, fuel-cells• Flat screen displays, eg light-emitting polymers• GPS Navigation and Geographic Information Systems• Handwriting recognition• Home of the future• Imaging, processing and recognition

New Horizons in Engineering (2)

• Integrated transport systems• Language translation – and text analysis for meaning• Laser-based machining and laser-based surgery• Media technology, including engineering for the performing arts• Medical engineering eg Minimally invasive surgery• Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)• Molecular engineering• Nanotechnology• Personal and mobile communications, eg, 3rd Generations Mobile• Photonics incl. semiconductor lasers, and fibre-optic technologies• Product coding and product tracking, eg radio frequency “RFID”• Robotics• Simulation and dynamic models, eg Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)• Software engineering including automatic code generation• Sound and vision integration.• Space engineering• Speech recognition• Stereo-lithography and rapid prototyping technologies• Telecommunications technology for global networking, eg Internet Protocols• Telemedicine• Virtual reality

GRAND CHALLENGES FOR ENGINEERING– Make solar energy economical– Provide energy from fusion– Develop carbon Sequestration methods– Manage the nitrogen cycle– Provide access to clean water– Restore and improve urban infrastructure– Advance health informatics– Engineer better medicines– Reverse-engineer the brain– Prevent nuclear terror– Secure cyberspace– Enhance virtual reality– Advance personalized learning– Engineer the tools of scientific discovery

‘In each of these broad realms of human concern -sustainability, health, vulnerability, and joy of living - specific grand challenges await engineering solutions’

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING2008(US)

Industry priorities for engineering graduates(RAE, UK)

Automotive Engineering Vehicle Aerodynamics

Automotive Design

Chassis Engineering

Manufacturing

Materials

Engine & Powertrain

Research

Electronic Systems &

Control

Energy & The Environment

Environmental Aerodynamics

Rational Use of Materials

Energy, Power & Emissions

Environment Policy

Energy Auditing

Research

Alternative & Renewable Fuels

ARBRE - wood gasificationcombined-cycle power plant

Aerospace Engineering

Aerodynamics

Aeronautical Design

Aircraft Structures

Part Manufacture

Aerospace Materials

Aerospace Propulsion

Research

Electronic Systems & Control

Mechanical Engineering Fluid Dynamics

Tribology

Design

Structural Engineering

Manufacturing

Materials

Propulsion & Power

Research

Systems

Civil Engineering

Engineering on a large scale

• Buildings

• Bridges

• Roads

• Tunnels

• Dams

• Waterways

• Public Health

• Energy

Electrical & Electronic Engineering

With specializations in e.g

• control and instrument engineering

• biomedical engineering

• electronic digital systems

• communications

Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical Instrumentation, Electronics and Computing

Biomedical Radiation Physics and Imaging

Medical Imaging Technology

Engineering – strong professional links

• courses accredited by major Professional Bodies• Institution of Electrical Engineers• Institution of Civil Engineers• Institute of Measurement and Control• Institution of Mechanical Engineers

• Professional (Chartered) Engineer status from Engineering Council UK

• quality designation of courses and graduates

The Engineering Profession

• Institution of Civil Engineers, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, IEE, Engineering Council UK

• UK has over 600,000 members of various types- Student, Graduate, Associate, Member, Fellow

Secondary School

Higher Education

Accredited MEng or BEng(Hons) + further learning(MSc)

Industry

3 yrs training under agreement

CEng

Engineering programs must demonstrate that their graduates have:

• an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering

• an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data

• an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs

• an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams• an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems• an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility

• an ability to communicate effectively

• the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context

• a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning• a knowledge of contemporary issues• an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools

necessary for engineering practice.

Course Titles

Civil EngineeringCivil Engineering with SurveyingStructural Engineering and Architecture

with – 1st title 75% 2nd title 25%and – 1st title 50% 2nd title 50%

Course structure

Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5Course

BEng

BEng (sandwich) industry

BEng (foundation)

MEng

MEng (sandwich) industry

These schemes can be applied to all courses

Opt to spend year on placement at end of 2nd yearMEng course separate from

3rd yearPossible to transfer from BEng to MEng with 60% overall after 2nd year

Offers entry to all courses provided appropriate standard achieved

BEng (Hons)Theory and technical understanding

e.g. Engineering mechanics, mathematics

Design and Practicee.g. Design projects

Professional Studiese.g. Management

Personal developmente.g. IT, Communication, group work

MEng (Hons)Distinctive features of MEng:

• greater depth of theoretical knowledge– advanced analytical mathematics– core subjects

• extensive integrated group design project

• individual research project

• extended professional industrial and business studies– interdisciplinary

Site Visits

Formula Student:design, build, test, compete

Entry Requirements• Variable requirements – depends upon course

• Minimum requirements – generallythree A levels (Maths A level needed generally)

• Science(Physics preferred) A level required

• UCAS tariff scores above 340 for BEng (3 years)(IB 30)

• UCAS tariff scores above 360 for MEng (4 years)(IB 32 + Maths at higher level)

Foundation/Access Programme

•One year programme at entry • designed for students who do not meet the

normal entrance requirements

• mature students

• students who need to update or change

their knowledge or skills base

Summary• Engineering is creative and exciting

• A changing world, hence changing engineering

• A choice of careers

• Social responsibility

• What next in this century?

• Good Engineering education essential