CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION • SACRAMENTO, 2000

Career Preparation-

Business Education

Publishing Information Challenge Standards for Student Success; Career Preparation –Business Education was developed by the California Department of Education, 721 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, California (mailing address: P.O. Box 944272, Sacramento, CA 94244-2720). (See Acknowledgements for the names of those who participated in the development and review of the document.) © 2000 by the California Department of Education All rights reserved Notice The guidance in Challenge Standards for Student Success; Career Preparation - Business Education is not binding on local educational agencies or other entities. Except for the statutes, regulations, and court decisions that are referenced herein, the document is exemplary, and compliance with it is not mandatory. (See Education Code Section 33308.5.)

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Contents

Acknowledgements .............................................................................iv Introduction..........................................................................................1 Business Education Career Path Sequences ..............................2 Business Education Clusters and Specializations ......................3 Organization of Business Education Standards .........................4 Using Business Education Standards .........................................6 Business Education Core .....................................................................7 Business Career Paths .......................................................................12 Business Career Path: Accounting and Finance .....................12 Business Career Path: Business Management ........................15 Business Career Path: Computer Science and Information Technology.....................19 Business Career Path: Marketing............................................25 Entrepreneurship...............................................................................33 Middle School Standards: Exploration in Business........................36

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Acknowledgements

Recognition and appreciation are extended to those who served in various capacities to write, edit, and produce the Challenge Standards for Student Success: Career Preparation – Business Education. Valuable contributions were made by business educators, friends of Business Education from business and industry, and members of Business Education professional organizations. Special thanks are extended to the following individuals for their work on this document:

Manager of Overall Development Bernard Norton, Program Manager California Department of Education Principal Editors Joyce McLean, Education Program Consultant California Department of Education Kay Orrell, Project Director Business Education Resource Consortium Michelle Bissonnette, Consultant Business Education Resource Consortium Support Staff Jeanne Geiser, California Department of Education Denise O’Neill, California Department of Education

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Introduction

As businesses in America evolve to compete successfully in the global marketplace, a growing need exists for employees with business expertise and the ability to analyze and respond to emerging trends. The corporate worker encounters a workplace in which decisions are made by teams, nearly every desk is equipped with a computer, the use of the postal service is giving way to e-mail, and decisions made in other countries immediately impact domestic corporations. “Down-sizing” has been replaced by “right-sizing,” with millions of traditional jobs disappearing permanently. In a high- tech world, in which technology and science are constantly altering the parameters of experience and knowledge, it is critical for students to understand those changes and be able to adapt to them. Students who graduate today will enter a job market that is vastly different from the job market a decade ago, and they must be equipped with new skills, attitudes and knowledge in order to thrive in the global marketplace. The basic components of the Challenge Business Education Standards—communication, critical thinking, technology, leadership, and creative problem solving—provide the foundation for success in an information-based and service-based global economy. These standards have been developed in response to school reform efforts, shifting demographics, and a changing workplace. They are designed to prepare students to think, make decisions, interact effectively with co-workers, use creativity to solve problems, and communicate using all forms of emerging technology. The standards have been validated by business and industry; they are broad-based and encourage continuing academic and technical education beyond high school. The vision for business education in California includes programs that are composed of carefully articulated instructional sequences for kindergarten through grade twelve and postsecondary education. Students in the elementary grades are introduced to business concepts and career awareness at the same time that they are developing the fundamentals of reading, spelling, mathematics, and grammar. Middle school programs promote students’ exploratory experiences, reinforce basic skills, enhance the understanding of business concepts, and provide a basis for the development of business and technological skills. Students who develop an awareness of business in the elementary grades and explore business in middle school can enter high school prepared for the Business

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Core, which provides students with a foundation for pursuing a business career path option. Success for all students is the focus of the rigorous, standards-based business education sequence of learning. Varied delivery systems, including interdisciplinary instructions and applied academics, accommodate diverse learning styles and bring relevance to the classroom, facilitating the transition of students to the world-class workplace and advanced education.

Business Education Career Path Sequences

The Business Education Career Path sequence of learning includes the following components: Business Core. Students who have developed an awareness of business and explored business concepts and careers are prepared for the Business Core. The core features broad-based standards that address the knowledge and skills that provide a foundation for the pursuit of a Business Education Career Path Cluster. Business Education Career Path Cluster. The Business Education Career Path features four clusters: Accounting and Finance, Business Management, Computer Science and Technology, and Marketing. The career path clusters were selected as a result of extensive research of labor market trends. Students may choose a specific career path cluster that is directly related to their career interests or develop a foundation for postsecondary education by pursuing instruction in two or more clusters. Career Path Specializations. Within each of the career path clusters, students may further refine their career choices by pursuing areas of specialization. These career path specializations were developed with extensive advice from business and industry and are based on the careful review and projection of job market trends. Several specializations were identified at the state and national levels as growth industries with great potential for students selecting those specializations. Entrepreneurship. At a very early age, many students begin to think about owning and operating their own business to earn money. Elementary students “play store” and set up lemonade stands. Middle and secondary school students, largely through the Business Core, are afforded opportunities to explore the desirability and feasibility of entrepreneurship as a career option, and to learn about the importance of entrepreneurship to the economy. Entrepreneurship competencies and concepts that focus on business planning and management can be presented in a separate course or integrated into other courses. Students interested in entrepreneurship may be strongly encouraged to complete a career path cluster and a specialization to ensure that they possess the occupational skills necessary for entrepreneurial ventures.

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CAREER PATH

SPECIALIZATIONS

FINANCIAL ANDMANAGERIALACCOUNTING

ADMINISTRATIVESUPPORT

COMPUTER SCIENCE

MANAGEMENT OFINFORMATION SYSTEMS

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

TRAVEL ANDTOURISM

RESTAURANT SALESAND SERVICES

MERCHANDISING

HOTEL ANDLODGING

FINANCIALSERVICES

BUSINESS COREINTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS

INTERNATIONALBUSINESS

FINANCIALANALYSIS

ACCOUNTINGAND

FINANCE

BUSINESSMANAGEMENT

MARKETINGCOMPUTER

SCIENCE ANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

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Organization of Business Education Standards

The Business Education Standards contained in this document are organized into the categories indicated in the model on the previous page. The career path clusters are presented in alphabetic order, as are the specializations within each cluster, the standards within each category (core, cluster, and specialization), and the benchmarks for each standard. Numeric and Alphabetic Designations. The groups of standards have been assigned numbers as follows to facilitate referencing:

1.0 Business Core 2.0 Accounting and Finance 3.0 Business Management 4.0 Computer Science and Information Technology 5.0 Marketing 6.0 Entrepreneurship

Within these groups, each standard is assigned a corresponding number as well as an alphabetic designation that indicates the type or level of the standard. The alphabetic designations are:

Business Core Standards—(C) Career Path Cluster Standards—(CL) Career Path Specialization Standards—(S) Entrepreneurship Standard—(E)

The standards contained in this document and the corresponding numbers and alphabetic designations are listed as follows:

1.0 Business Core 1.1 Business Communications (C) 1.2 Business Environment (C) 1.3 Career Preparation, Job Acquisition and Retention (C) 1.4 Economics and Financial Concepts (C) 1.5 Employability Skills (C) 1.6 Information Technologies (C) 1.7 Leadership Development (C)

2.0 Accounting and Finance 2.1 Accounting Procedures and Financial Analysis (CL) 2.2 Financial Analysis (S) 2.3 Financial and Managerial Accounting (S)

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3.0 Business Management 3.1 Economics (CL) 3.2 Legal Environment (CL) 3.3 Management Principles (CL) 3.4 International Business (S)

4.0 Computer Science and Information Technology 4.1 Computer Science and Information Technology (CL) 4.2 Administrative Support (S) 4.3 Computer Science (S) 4.4 Management of Information Systems (S) 4.5 Telecommunications (S)

5.0 Marketing 5.1 Communication and Interpersonal Skills (CL) 5.2 Global Marketing (CL) 5.3 Marketing Strategies (CL) 5.4 Product/Service Management (CL) 5.5 Promotion (CL) 5.6 Selling Concepts (CL) 5.7 Financial Services (S) 5.8 Hotel and Lodging (S) 5.9 Merchandising (S) 5.10 Restaurant Sales and Services (S) 5.11 Travel and Tourism (S)

6.0 Entrepreneurship 6.1 Entrepreneurship (E)

Format of Standards. Each standard includes the following components:

? Number: The number preceding the title identifies the category to which the standard belongs.

? Title: The standard title indicated in bold type identifies the concept addressed by the standard.

? Alphabetic Designation: The letter in parentheses immediately following the title indicates the type or level of the standard.

? Statement of Standard: Each standard addresses broadly what a student should know.

? Benchmarks: Statements listed below each standard, and numbered accordingly describe what students should be able to do to meet the standard.

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Using Business Education Standards The Business Education Standards are business-validated, industry-validated, and broad-based to provide flexibility in curriculum and program development. Standards and benchmarks may be added, moved within and across career path clusters, and integrated with other disciplines. Courses and programs may be organized to include standards and benchmarks from any combination of the clusters and/or areas of specialization. Because these career path clusters and the standards within the clusters are common to secondary and postsecondary Business Education programs, they facilitate articulation among educational institutions. These standards are intended to provide direction for state-level, district-level, and site-based educators as well as for parents and all other members of the education community—and most importantly, the student. They specify what students need to know to succeed in the workplace and in advanced education; they also provide the basis for assessing student achievement. The standards are being used in the development of statewide exams for selected Business Education programs through Assessments in Career Education (ACE). A critical component of assessing student achievement is the utilization of results for improved instruction. Standards that provide the basis for measuring student achievement also serve to identify any needs for further professional development. Professional development is key to standards-based education. Educators learn from one another when they work collaboratively to examine student work and search for ways to help students reach higher achievement levels. Technical assistance and resources for implementing standards-based Business Education programs are available through the High School Initiatives and Career Technical Education Office, Standards and High School Development Division, California Department of Education.

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Business Education Core

The business core is broad-based and facilitates the integration of academic and technical knowledge. Students develop oral and written business communication skills and demonstrate the use of critical thinking, decision making and problem solving skills needed for the new high performance workplace.

1.0 BUSINESS CORE 1.1 Business Communications (C): Students will understand communications as

applied to personal and professional situations. They will demonstrate competency by selecting and using appropriate forms of communications in a variety of situations. 1.1.1 Diversity–demonstrate the ability to work and communicate effectively

with persons of different ethnicities and culturally diverse backgrounds 1.1.2 Effectiveness–compose oral and written business communications that

demonstrate the use of critical thinking, decision making and problem solving skills

1.1.3 Ethics–discuss ethics and the need for confidentiality, loyalty, integrity

and honesty in communicating with business associates 1.1.4 Methods of Communication–demonstrate the use of various methods of

communications; research, compose and orally present information using appropriate technology

1.1.5 Nonverbal Communications–identify and use nonverbal communications

in a group activity 1.1.6 Oral Communications–orally present information using appropriate

language, style and format; utilize different communication techniques to address the intended audience appropriately

1.1.7 Systems–use systems thinking to discuss the impact of cultural,

organizational, technological and behavioral characteristics on the selection of communication strategies and methods

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1.2 Business Environment (C): Students will understand the development and structure of business environments. They will demonstrate competency by identifying the dynamic components of business structure and its relationship to the global business environment.

1.2.1 Business Ethics–define business ethics and explain the importance of

ethical standards and social responsibilities in the business environment 1.2.2 Business Law–describe the sources of law, the structure of the court

systems and ways in which these laws apply to basic consumer and business transactions

1.2.3 Business Ownership–identify the major types of business organizations 1.2.4 Competitive Environment–explain the economic effects of competition

on a business in an international marketplace 1.2.5 Entrepreneurial Concepts–identify the characteristics of an entrepreneur

and describe the role of an entrepreneurship in the private enterprise system

1.2.6 Environmental Issues–describe the impact of environmentally sound

business practice in a global economy 1.2.7 International Trade–investigate the challenges and opportunities of

international trade in both large and small businesses 1.2.8 Interrelationships of Business Operations–discuss the interrelationships

between different business lines as they relate to finance, tax, operations, human resources, marketing, production, management, and the legal environment

1.3 Career Preparation, Job Acquisition and Retention (C): Students will understand the career preparation and job acquisition skills required for employment, professional growth, and employment transitions in the field of business occupations. They will demonstrate competency by researching career options, applying job acquisition skills, preparing job search documentation, and modeling appropriate workplace demeanor.

1.3.1 Career Exploration–explore career opportunities and projected trends;

investigate required education, training and experience; and develop an individual education plan for life long learning

1.3.2 Employment Transitions–analyze the effects of job changes, including

the impact of unemployment

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1.3.3 Goal Setting–identify steps for setting goals and write personal goals

and objectives 1.3.4 Interest Assessment–examine aptitudes related to career options; relate

personal characteristics and interests to educational and occupational opportunities

1.3.5 Job Acquisition–develop job acquisition documents and interview skills 1.3.6 Job Retention–identify appropriate work attitudes and behaviors

1.4 Economics and Financial Concepts (C): Students will understand the impact of global and domestic businesses, financial concepts, and integrated business models. They will demonstrate competency by using appropriate technology and other resources to solve business problems.

1.4.1 Business/Financial Relationships–analyze the financial implications of

various functions of a business and describe how they interrelate 1.4.2 Demographics–interpret demographic data and explain its impact on the

economy 1.4.3 Economic Culture–explain how culture affects economic practice and

business ethics 1.4.4 Economic Systems–describe a variety of economic systems 1.4.5 Exchange Rates–access and utilize information on exchange rates 1.4.6 Financial Statements–explain how financial statements are necessary for

business planning and for the continuous monitoring of business performance

1.4.7 Financial Systems–examine how financial systems and tools are used to

solve business problems and to perform business transactions 1.4.8 Global Business–evaluate the impact of international trade on domestic

and global economies and the importance of multinational corporations, including the impact of international trade agreements and regulations, protection and ownership of intellectual property

1.4.9 Investments–identify different types of investments; compute cost, profit

and return on investment

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1.4.10 Money Management–construct personal and business budget plans which include income, expenses, savings, investments and taxes

1.5 Employability Skills (C): Students will understand the factors essential to a productive workforce in a culturally diverse global environment. They will demonstrate competency by identifying the skills which positively affect productivity.

1.5.1 Adapting to Change–provide a workplace example of a constantly

changing environment and discuss how employees should incorporate lifelong learning as a career goal

1.5.2 Conflict Resolution–demonstrate skills necessary to resolve

disagreements in a professional manner 1.5.3 Diversity–describe and compare cultural differences as related to work

styles 1.5.4 Occupational Safety–discuss safety practices and develop a plan to

maintain a work environment in a safe and secure manner 1.5.5 Positive Attitude–role play a work situation to demonstrate positive

working relationships with customers, employers and employees 1.5.6 Teamwork–develop the ability to work in teams by participating in

group activities 1.5.7 Time Management–prioritize work to fulfill responsibilities, meet

deadlines, and achieve personal satisfaction 1.5.8 Work Ethics–define ethics and explain how standards and scruples affect

human relations

1.6 Information Technologies (C): Students will understand technology used in business. They will demonstrate competency by utilizing technology to access, manipulate, and produce information.

1.6.1 Applications–utilize a variety of software programs to manipulate,

analyze and produce data 1.6.2 Computer Operations–demonstrate proper use and care of equipment 1.6.3 Document Processing–create, format and produce documents

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1.6.4 Global Communications–discuss the skills necessary for communicating in an international, pluralistic business environment

1.6.5 Information Resources–use electronic media, manuals, and tutorials as

resources to access information 1.6.6 Presentation–develop and produce presentations utilizing electronic

media 1.6.7 Problem Solving–solve problems effectively by utilizing appropriate

technology 1.6.8 Social Issues–discuss the technological issues of ethics and etiquette as

they relate to emerging technologies and the impact on society 1.6.9 Technology Innovations–examine the role of technology in future

business applications 1.6.10 Telecommunications–use technology to transmit and receive information

1.7 Leadership Development (C): Students will understand the personal qualities that are the basis for developing leadership skills. They will demonstrate competency by identifying and using leadership skills in a variety of individual and group work situations.

1.7.1 Communications–select and use modes of communications appropriate

to various employee/employer situations 1.7.2 Decision Making–apply a rational decision-making process to solve

common business problems in a dynamic environment 1.7.3 Ethics–identify ethical considerations in the workplace and demonstrate

appropriate behavior in a business setting 1.7.4 Motivation–demonstrate self-motivation and use motivation techniques

in classroom and small group situations 1.7.5 Personal Qualities–describe personal qualities such as integrity, loyalty,

honesty and self esteem; discuss their importance in being an effective leader and team member

1.7.6 Planning–identify the steps necessary to produce desired results and

effect change

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Business Career Paths Business Career Path: Accounting and Finance

In order for businesses to survive in a rapidly changing environment, accounting and finance professionals are needed to analyze, prepare and communicate complex financial transactions. Students choosing an accounting and finance career path will acquire necessary skills for preparing, analyzing and interpreting financial information. Career path specializations will build on their fundamental accounting knowledge and prepare them for more technical and academic pursuits. 2.0 ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE

2.1 Accounting Procedures And Financial Analysis (CL): Students will

understand basic principles and procedures of accounting and finance. They will demonstrate competency by preparing and maintaining accounting records and interpreting financial information.

2.1.1 Accounting Cycle–describe the accounting cycle for a service and a

merchandising business; examine transactions and complete the accounting cycle for a sole proprietorship, a partnership, and a corporation

2.1.2 Accounting Principles–apply accounting principles and concepts

including an understanding of the fundamental accounting equation; classify items as assets, liabilities and equity

2.1.3 Cash Management–utilize cash management techniques including bank

reconciliations and cash controls 2.1.4 Computer Accounting Systems–use a computer accounting system to

input and process data and to generate financial statements and other reports relevant to the financial position and profitability of a business

2.1.5 Decision Making–describe the role of managerial accounting and the use

of planning and control principles to evaluate performance of an organization

2.1.6 Ethics–describe the professional ethics which should be applied when

preparing, analyzing and planning financial information

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2.1.7 Financial Analysis–illustrate the use of basic concepts of financial analysis to interpret financial statements

2.1.8 Governing Agencies–identify agencies that affect accounting procedures

and discuss regulations and compliance issues that influence business decisions

2.1.9 International Finance–discuss basic international terminology and

theories in accounting and finance 2.1.10 Payroll–describe and apply payroll procedures including compensation,

withholding and employee benefits 2.1.11 Technological Applications–examine and use technological services to

achieve objectives and make decisions in accounting and finance

2.2 Financial Analysis (S): Students will understand financial concepts pertaining to personal and business finance. They will demonstrate competency by analyzing, applying, interpreting, and communicating financial analysis concepts.

2.2.1 Credit Analysis–analyze credit worthiness and compare alternative

sources of borrowing 2.2.2 Economic Factors–explore and describe micro and macro economic

influences on the financial analysis process 2.2.3 Financial Markets–describe the various types of domestic and

international financial markets and discuss how these markets influence interest rates, trade deficits, and unemployment

2.2.4 Financial Responsibility–evaluate the cause and the corresponding effect

of improper credit use 2.2.5 Financial Services–examine various sources of financial services;

identify financial resources, rights and responsibilities available to individuals and institutions

2.2.6 Financial Statements–analyze and interpret financial statements for the

purpose of comparing risk and return 2.2.7 Industry/Market Analysis–discuss the financial needs of clients and how

those needs change in a dynamic and competitive marketplace 2.2.8 Investment Analysis–analyze investment and financing options available,

prepare a cost benefit analysis

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2.2.9 Risk Analysis–define the risk associated with financing interstate and

international business transactions 2.2.10 Technology–apply various technological tools to assist in making credit

and investment decisions 2.2.11 Trade Finance–identify various financial tools used in international

trade

2.3 Financial And Managerial Accounting (S): Students will understand financial and managerial accounting concepts. They will demonstrate competency by analyzing data and applying, interpreting, and communicating accounting concepts and techniques.

2.3.1 Budgeting–create a master budget and a flexible budget; apply capital

budgeting techniques to calculate long-term projections 2.3.2 Classified Balance Sheet–define and identify current and long-term

assets and liabilities 2.3.3 Cost Behavior–compare and contrast types of cost behaviors and the

relationship between cost, volume and profitability 2.3.4 Costing Methods–describe job order, process, activity-based and

standard costing systems and illustrate the use of these systems in a business environment

2.3.5 Financial Statements–prepare, analyze and interpret financial statements 2.3.6 Fixed Asset Management–interpret capitalization concepts, analyze

depreciation methods, and account for fixed asset acquisition, disposition, and depreciation

2.3.7 Internal Control–define and apply basic principles of internal control

systems as they relate to the accounting cycle 2.3.8 Internal Reporting–identify the differences between financial statements

prepared for internal and external use 2.3.9 International Accounting–discuss the effects of foreign exchange rates

on financial transactions 2.3.10 Inventory Management–compare and evaluate inventory valuation

methods and apply inventory management and costing procedures for both merchandising and manufacturing businesses

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2.3.11 Operations Management–utilize cost data to analyze profitability and

production efficiencies 2.3.12 Owner’s Equity–apply appropriate concepts and techniques to account

for equity investments and withdrawals for sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations

2.3.13 Receivables and Payables Management–evaluate the implications of

receivables and payables management, including credit risk, realizable value, collections, and payment terms

2.3.14 Revenue and Expense Recognition–illustrate the process of revenue

recognition and matching income and expense 2.3.15 Taxation–identify the basic principles of state, federal and international

tax regulations

Business Career Path: Business Management

Business management offers a broad range of business opportunities for talented, well-prepared managers and administrators. Every industry requires skilled managerial staff. As the world economy expands, business transactions become more complex and numerous. Businesses will seek the expertise, background, and knowledge of administrators and managers well versed in domestic and international operations. The business management career path cluster prepares students for the executive, administrative, and human resources professions. Most occupations identified within the business management career path cluster require technical or professional preparation. In addition to studying administrative theories and organizational policies, business management students have a solid foundation in economic principles and systems and the business legal environment. The international business specialization will help students gain a greater understanding of domestic and international business operations. 3.0 BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

3.1 Economics (CL): Students will understand the economic principles and concepts of domestic and international economies. They will demonstrate competency by making decisions based on sound economic judgment.

3.1.1 Competition–describe various competitive markets and explain their role

in the U.S. and other global economies

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3.1.2 Consumers–develop a plan for managing limited personal financial resources and explain how consumer decisions can impact society

3.1.3 Decision Making–describe decision-making skills that could be applied

to decisions made by individuals, consumers and producers 3.1.4 Economic Indicators–define gross domestic product, inflation and

deflation; analyze how these concepts can provide indications of the state of the economy

3.1.5 Economic Institutions and Incentives–explain the role government plays

in the U.S. economy; describe various concepts relating to U.S. fiscal and monetary policy and how U.S. policy shapes global economies

3.1.6 Economic Systems–identify the basic features of different economic

systems, and discuss the major features of the U.S. economy 3.1.7 Exchange and Money–discuss foreign exchange and illustrate the

importance of exchange rates and their effect on domestic and international markets

3.1.8 Opportunity Costs–identify the opportunity costs involved when using

scarce resources; illustrate trade-offs involved in making economic choices

3.1.9 Productivity–explain the importance of productivity; discuss how

specialization, innovation, investment and technology affect productivity 3.1.10 Supply and Demand–analyze the economic components that are

influenced by the law of supply and demand, including the role of markets and prices

3.1.11 Trade Concepts–discuss the role of international trade and its

importance in a global economy 3.1.12 Unemployment–evaluate the impact of employment and unemployment

on the economy; explain how the economy is affected by unemployment factors

3.2 Legal Environment (CL): Students will understand the history, structure, and

operation of the American legal system and the basic principles of law relevant to business operations in a global economy. They will demonstrate competency by explaining how laws and regulations are created and applied.

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3.2.1 Business Organizations–chart several types of business organizations illustrating an advantage and disadvantage of each; select a type of business organization for a new business venture

3.2.2 Contracts–describe the basic requirements for an enforceable contract 3.2.3 Employment Law–analyze and discuss the importance of labor

legislation on employer/employee relations 3.2.4 Ethics–explain ways in which the legal system incorporates the values

and ethics of individuals and multinational societies; identify strategies that address and improve ethical behavior

3.2.5 Government Regulation–identify the principal areas of government

regulation in private business operations 3.2.6 Intellectual Property–identify the laws and regulations applied to

intellectual properties such as copyrights, trademarks, and patents; discuss the legal steps necessary for obtaining and acquiring various types of intellectual properties

3.2.7 International Legal Issues–explain how differences in laws among

countries complicate business operations 3.2.8 International Regulations–describe the legal differences existing

between countries in areas such as consumer protection, product guidelines, labor laws, contract formulation, liability, and taxation

3.2.9 Legal Rights–discuss laws which protect individual and organizational

rights 3.2.10 Sources of Law–describe the fundamental sources of U.S. and

international law

3.3 Management Principles (CL): Students will understand the theories and principles of managing a business. They will demonstrate competency by analyzing management functions, principles, and processes that contribute to the achievement of organizational goals.

3.3.1 Basic Management Functions–define and explain the major management

functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling 3.3.2 Business Organizational Theory–compare and contrast a variety of

organizational structures

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3.3.3 Change Theory–explain how economic and social changes affect business

3.3.4 Competition–describe the effects of competition and its impact on

business 3.3.5 Human Resource Development and Management-describe methods

which an organization can use to effectively manage its personnel policies, practices and resources

3.3.6 International Relationships–examine the effects of domestic and

international business on management practices 3.3.7 Management Styles–compare and contrast management styles, including

those related to competing in a global marketplace 3.3.8 Policy & Strategy Formulation–describe the planning and problem-

solving process and explain its use in formulating strategy and policy 3.3.9 Production & Operations Management–explain the process that

converts resources, such as labor and raw materials, into finished goods and services

3.3.10 Research & Development–discuss the impact of research on business

planning and development

3.4 International Business (S): Students will understand the importance of international business and its impact on careers and business at the local, state, national and international levels. They will demonstrate competency by comparing and contrasting domestic and international business activities.

3.4.1 Communications–identify elements of oral and written communication

necessary for effective international communications, particularly as they relate to the use of names, titles, ranks, translators and differences in tone, style and format

3.4.2 Comparative Advantages–explain how large and small businesses and

consumers benefit from a global economy 3.4.3 Environmental Factors–describe the impact of international business

activities on the social, cultural, political, and legal factors that shape the international business environment

3.4.4 Finance–define the role of international finance and risk management

and explain the importance of exchange rates, methods of payment, foreign exchange risk, balance of payment and counter trade

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3.4.5 Geography–describe how differences in climate, time zones, distance,

topography, social, economic and natural resources affect international business

3.4.6 Human Resource Management–discuss the environmental factors which

impact the management of human resources 3.4.7 Management–identify several managerial issues which could impact

operations management including problems related to organizational structure, production systems, customer service and inventory control

3.4.8 Marketing–describe marketing concepts including social, cultural,

technological, and geographic factors that influence consumer behavior 3.4.9 Technology–use electronic communication devices, such as telephones,

facsimile machines, the Internet, and E-mail in international communications

3.4.10 Trade Concepts–explain the economic impact of trade barriers, trade

agreements, balance of trade and balance of payments Business Career Path: Computer Science and Information Technology

Technology and the growing complexity of businesses have expanded the need for employees who can analyze, design and manage information. Skills in evaluating data, working with people, and communicating are companion components for careers in information systems. Employment opportunities for technically and professionally trained individuals is outstanding in this emerging career path. After mastering basic technology skills, students can select one of many specializations in the field of technology.

4.0 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

4.1 Computer Science and Information Technology (CL): Students will

understand computer science and information technology concepts necessary to function in a rapidly changing technological, global society. They will demonstrate competency by performing multiple tasks required to develop and use appropriate resources to access, modify, and provide information effectively.

4.1.1 Business and Technology Ethics–define, explain, and demonstrate proper

business and technology ethics, including management of intellectual property

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4.1.2 Computer and Communications Systems–use operating systems, hardware

and peripherals, integrating communication tools and appropriate resources, to share information

4.1.3 Computer Applications–identify, select, and use a variety of business and

industry standard applications software; discuss current and emerging standards technology and trends

4.1.4 Knowledge Management and Business Processes–use technology and

electronic media to identify, analyze, design, and create processes to manage workflow, communicate a collective understanding, and provide feedback for operational management

4.1.5 Program Design and Development–identify programming models and data

elements including the development of user-friendly systems 4.1.6 Project Management–prioritize activities and manage the details including

project scope, timelines, and budgets for the life cycle of the system in a team environment

4.1.7 Security–illustrate and implement basic security plans and procedures for

information systems 4.1.8 Systems Analysis and Design–analyze current manual and electronic systems

and develop efficient and effective solutions 4.1.9 Technical Resources–locate, organize and engage appropriate resources

necessary to implement and support systems and/or solve problems

4.2 Administrative Support (S): Students will understand support services necessary for the operation of a business organization in a global society. They will demonstrate competency by utilizing multiple skills and performing tasks in support of the business organization’s goals.

4.2.1 Business Environment–design and organize an ergonomic business

environment that maximizes productivity while considering human needs

4.2.2 Business Management–describe and demonstrate the coordination of

business operations performed by administrative personnel 4.2.3 Computer Applications–select and use appropriate hardware/software to

design and produce professional documents and presentations

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4.2.4 Productivity–describe methods to maximize use of available personnel, equipment and resources in a variety of organizational situations

4.2.5 Records Management–classify, store, retrieve, and purge paper, film and

electronic records 4.2.6 Safety and Security–apply positive safety attitudes and work habits

important in the workplace 4.2.7 Supervision–describe supervisory skills needed in a business and

illustrate the use of these skills to communicate, manage, delegate, organize, plan and make decisions

4.2.8 Time Management–demonstrate effective time management skills

4.3 Computer Science (S): Students will understand systems and programming

concepts related to the development of computer operations. They will demonstrate competency by applying these concepts to the development of computer systems and programs.

4.3.1 Algorithms–design solutions that are correct, reliable, and efficient;

compare and contrast various sorting and searching methods 4.3.2 Architecture Methods–explain digital logic, machine- level

representation of data, memory-system organization, and architectural use of assembly- level programming

4.3.3 Artificial Intelligence and Robotics–discuss uses and effects of artificial

intelligence and robotics 4.3.4 Complex Programs–develop complex programs that are large in scope

and require analysis regarding implementation issues 4.3.5 Data Structures–develop programs utilizing abstract data types and

object-oriented programming 4.3.6 Database–design programs that access and modify databases, using

various file access methods 4.3.7 Human-Computer Interfaces–communicate, orally and in writing,

information that enables users to operate computer systems effectively 4.3.8 Networking and Communications––install programs that utilize various

network and communication protocols

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4.3.9 Operating Systems–utilize operating systems and associated utilities for file management, backup and recovery, and execution of programs; compare simple and multi-user operating systems

4.3.10 Program Design–using problem-solving methods, define and analyze

programs; design structured, maintainable programs to meet specifications; and, with a well-defined user interface, code, execute, test, and debug programs to produce accurate and reliable results

4.3.11 Program Modification–describe the ways in which specification changes

and technological advances require the modification of programs 4.3.12 Programming Languages–compare several programming languages;

create structured programs in at least two languages, utilizing control structures, procedures, functions, parameters, local variables, error recovery, and recursion

4.3.13 Programming Style–develop structured, documented, maintainable

programs that create self-explanatory output 4.3.14 Simple Programs–implement algorithmic solutions and codes to well-

defined problems 4.3.15 Social Issues–discuss the issues of access, privacy, and ethics and their

impact on society 4.3.16 Systems Analysis–analyze computer systems, access and design

available solutions, and develop appropriate systems 4.4 Management of Information Systems (S): Students will understand how to

analyze the need for, plan, manage, and support the use of business systems to accomplish mission-critical functions. They will demonstrate competency by successfully deploying a management system that improves the productivity of an organization.

4.4.1 Change Management–analyze the potential impact of a system on the

people in the organization through the systems life cycle and develop appropriate plans addressing impact on resources

4.4.2 Deployment Planning–identify steps for systems implementation and

resources needed including technical support and ongoing active learning and training programs

4.4.3 Needs Analysis–describe a business problem, examine functional

requirements, and prepare a cost-benefit analysis

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4.4.4 Resource Management–explain how to qualify, recruit and manage both internal and external resources needed when developing, deploying, and supporting systems in an organization

4.4.5 Risk Analysis–identify and analyze organizational, technical, and

financial risks associated with the implementation and use of a system 4.4.6 Systems Management–develop system life-cycle models and plans for

the ongoing upgrade, support, and training of users 4.4.7 Systems Security–develop a plan and implement policies and procedures

to ensure the security and integrity of management systems 4.4.8 Systems Selection–investigate, evaluate, select, and use major types of

systems applications and vendors including retail, manufacturing, and service management

4.4.9 Training–design information and instruction for users to ensure efficient,

productive systems operation

4.5 Telecommunications (S): Students will understand the telecommunications concepts, systems, and business models necessary to install, create, and manage diverse types of communication technologies and networking systems. They will demonstrate competency by performing tasks related to the creation, installation, management, and security of a chosen networking system.

4.5.1 Business Decisions–analyze the factors affecting the selection of

appropriate communications services; for example, cost, ease of use, and timelines

4.5.2 Business Models–examine various types of telecommunications models

including products and services provided, identification of market spaces, resources needed to create, deliver, and support products and revenue models essential for company growth

4.5.3 Customer Support–create a plan that includes customer policies and

procedures including incident management and escalation; select help desk tools and resources such as incident tracking, knowledge database, and staffing

4.5.4 Emerging Technology and Trends–discuss emerging products, services,

and business models in relation to the creation, setup, and management of networking and telecommunication products and services

4.5.5 Media Types–identify, evaluate, create, and process voice and data

transmissions

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4.5.6 Network and Systems Administration–analyze, manage, and maintain

various types of electronic networks 4.5.7 Networking and Communication Applications–describe and illustrate

appropriate use of communication services, products, and applications 4.5.8 Networking and Communications Infrastructure–evaluate, select, and

configure compatible systems across various platforms and media types 4.5.9 Resource Management–discuss the effective management of human,

financial, and telecommunications resources from the standpoint of both a user and a provider

4.5.10 Security Monitoring and Investigation–classify appropriate monitoring

devices and procedures for quick identification, and prevention of security violations; describe investigative procedures to follow

4.5.11 Security Program–develop policies and procedures including user

agreements, incident reporting, and recovery for company employees; design orientation and training programs to educate technicians and end-users

4.5.12 Security Risk Assessment–identify potential risks and entrance points

including intentional, non- intentional, internal and external risks, and select appropriate hardware and software including firewalls, monitoring, and antivirus protection

4.5.13 Standards and Protocol–analyze implications of protocols and

international standards and discuss their impact on data transmission 4.5.14 Topology–diagram physical and logical layouts of telecommunications

systems 4.5.15 Training–provide information and instruction to users that will enable

them to operate telecommunications systems 4.5.16 Troubleshooting–identify problems, develop appropriate methods and

tools for resolving problems, and implement solutions

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Business Career Path: Marketing

Students in this career path cluster study marketing principles and how to use marketing strategies to improve product and service sales. Career opportunities in marketing exist in both domestic and international business organizations. Individuals who can develop market strategies and plans are a resource many businesses need in this highly competitive global business environment. Communication, global marketing, marketing strategies, product/service management, promotion and selling concepts are a few of the skills needed for marketing professionals. After acquiring these fundamental marketing skills, students move into areas of specialization in financial services, hotel and lodging, merchandising, restaurant sales and service and/or travel and tourism. 5.0 MARKETING

5.1 Communication & Interpersonal Skills (CL): Students will understand

concepts, strategies, and systems needed to interact effectively with others. They will demonstrate competency by utilizing effective communication.

5.1.1 Cultural Diversity–discuss a variety of cultures; indicate the guidelines

for appropriate and effective communications within each culture 5.1.2 Customer Relations–describe interpersonal skills needed to develop

effective customer relationships, including conflict management and resolution in a workplace environment

5.1.3 Customer Service–explain customer service options appropriate for

selected businesses and target markets 5.1.4 E-Commerce–demonstrate ethical applications in the use of electronic

commerce 5.1.5 Profitability–explain the importance of customer service and the overall

impact on profitability

5.2 Global Marketing (CL): Students will understand the global business environment and its impact on marketing strategies. They will demonstrate competency by applying marketing strategies to a global marketplace.

5.2.1 Balance of Trade–evaluate the impact of imports/exports on local, state,

and national economies 5.2.2 Culture–discuss international cultural differences in language, values,

social behavior, and business protocol as they apply to market behavior

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5.2.3 Global Alliances–research and discuss the history and development of trade alliances, such as NAFTA, EU, Pacific Rim

5.2.4 Infra Structure–compare and contrast the political, technological,

economic and commercial development in global markets 5.2.5 Logistics–discuss logistics such as trade zones, containerization, and

distribution centers, and ways in which they facilitate the movement of goods

5.2.6 Market Entry–evaluate advantages and disadvantages of strategies such

as franchising, exporting, and licensing 5.2.7 Marketing Mix–identify marketing mix decisions crucial to marketing in

a global economy 5.2.8 Markets–identify and classify international, consumer and organizational

markets and segments 5.2.9 Trade Barriers–assess the impact of tariff and non-tariff barriers

5.3 Marketing Strategies (CL): Students will understand the strategies and

concepts of marketing with a global perspective. They will demonstrate competency by applying marketing knowledge to a variety of business situations.

5.3.1 Distribution Strategy–explain how physical distribution, inventory

management and logistics impact the marketing strategy 5.3.2 Economic Benefits of Marketing–evaluate the role of marketing in

various economic systems includ ing economic resources, productivity, utility, supply and demand, competition, and profit motive

5.3.3 Market Analysis–describe the principles of market segmentation, target

marketing, positioning, utilizing market research 5.3.4 Market Strategy and Planning–develop a strategic plan and

corresponding marketing plan based on marketing mix decisions 5.3.5 Marketing Research–design a marketing research project 5.3.6 Pricing Strategy–analyze the elements involved in determining prices

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5.3.7 Product/Service Strategy–justify the concepts and processes needed to purchase, develop, maintain, and improve a product or service mix in response to market opportunities

5.3.8 Risk Management–list various risk factors affecting business 5.3.9 Technology–explain how current technology can be used in marketing,

sales, mass media, research, and customer service presentations 5.4 Product/Service Management (CL): Students will understand the concepts

and processes needed to obtain, develop, maintain, and improve a product or service mix in response to market opportunities. They will demonstrate competency by identifying characteristics of product and service development.

5.4.1 Branding–identify the qualities of a brand name and how branding

strategies are affected by the international marketplace 5.4.2 Extended Product Features–explain the advantages of extended product

features such as warranty, service contract, technical support 5.4.3 Information Technology–apply information technology to product and

service decision- making 5.4.4 New Product/Service Development–describe how new services are

conceived, developed and marketed 5.4.5 Packaging–name the common elements and various functions of

packaging, considering the influence of a global economy 5.4.6 Positioning–describe factors used by marketers to position product and

services 5.4.7 Product/Service Classification–classify products in organizational or

consumer categories and distinguish between brand name and generic products

5.4.8 Product/Service Life Cycle–list the steps of the product/service life cycle

and select the appropriate market strategy for each stage of the cycle 5.4.9 Product/Service Mix–define the nature of a product mix and identify

product mix decisions that must be made to market the product or service

5.4.10 Purchasing–summarize the process of acquiring goods and services for a

business operation

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5.5 Promotion (CL): Students will understand the concepts and promotional strategies needed to communicate information about products, services, images, and/or ideas. They will demonstrate competency by developing and presenting a promotional plan that will achieve a stated outcome.

5.5.1 Advertising–identify the role of advertising in the promotional mix;

describe the use of research, visual presentation, media selection, scheduling, and assessment in the advertising process

5.5.2 Electronic Marketing–identify the various functions of technology and

electronic media in promotion 5.5.3 Promotional Mix–describe the four elements of promotion and their

utilization in a global market 5.5.4 Public Relations/Publicity–describe effective public relations strategies

as they relate to a product or service, and explain the use of the promotional mix in creating publicity

5.5.5 Sales Promotion–identify a variety of sales promotion activities and

indicate the media which would be most effective for each activity

5.6 Selling Concepts (CL): Students will understand the nature, importance and strategies of the selling process. They will demonstrate competency by identifying the relationship between buying behaviors and applied sales techniques utilized in the consumer, business and global sales environments.

5.6.1 Buying Motives and Behaviors–utilize market research to describe

customer buying motives and behaviors in the consumer, business and global sales environment

5.6.2 Customer Transactions–use appropriate technology to calculate,

document and record varied sales transactions 5.6.3 Products and Service Knowledge–describe the features and benefits of a

product or service used to satisfy customer needs and wants 5.6.4 Sales in the Global Economy–explain the correlation between sales,

profitability and business/economic stability 5.6.5 Sales Process–demonstrate the steps of selling techniques used to aid

customers/clients in making buying decisions

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5.6.6 Salesmanship–define the characteristics of a successful salesperson and identify the importance of ethical behavior throughout the selling process

5.6.7 Security and Loss Prevention–describe loss prevention strategies and the

salesperson’s role in reducing loss

5.7 Financial Services (S): Students will understand the nature, functions and marketing concepts associated with financial services institutions in a dynamic marketplace. They will demonstrate competency by performing a variety of marketing and financial transactions.

5.7.1 Advertising and Promotion–design a promotional plan for a financial

institution 5.7.2 Credit Review–explain credit review procedures utilized in the various

financial services industries 5.7.3 Customer Relations–describe customer relations techniques used to

satisfy customer needs and wants; describe the importance of conflict resolution

5.7.4 Electronic Marketing–explain how electronic marketing (E-trade, home

banking, etc) changes the dynamics of institutions selling products and services

5.7.5 Financial Institutions–compare and contrast types of financial service

institutions 5.7.6 Industry Ethics–discuss the importance of confidentiality in consumer

and employee transactions; identify ethical considerations relating to conducting business with government and regulatory agencies

5.7.7 Marketing Concepts–discuss effective selling and cross-selling skills;

utilize those skills to identify appropriate products and services options specific to the consumer

5.7.8 Policies and Procedures–demonstrate knowledge of the policies and

procedures required for conducting and documenting financial transactions according to specific industry regulations

5.7.9 Products and Services–explain financial products and services available

to the consumer in the banking, insurance, investment and brokerage industries

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5.7.10 Regulation–analyze government and industry regulations in the financial services industry and how they relate to consumer transactions

5.7.11 Risk Management–describe security procedures, loss prevention, and

safety issues facing financial services institutions; discuss the risks associated with monetary loss or failure

5.8 Hotel And Lodging (S): Students will understand operational, marketing, and management functions related to hotel and lodging facilities. They will demonstrate competency by applying knowledge of operational, marketing, and management strategies and practices to hotel operation situations.

5.8.1 Business Foundations–define characteristics of standard service levels as

they relate to target market: determine market positioning based on location, demographics, size, and service level

5.8.2 Event Planning–discuss the ways in which catering, banquet, room

service and restaurant operations contribute to the marketing and sales functions

5.8.3 Front Office–define and demonstrate sales strategies used in front office

operations 5.8.4 Guest Relations–justify guest service options that are appropriate for

different types of service levels, target markets, and guest situations 5.8.5 Hotel and Lodging Marketing–develop a marketing plan based upon

research, analysis, and forecasting strategies 5.8.6 Human Resources–explain the ways in which recruiting, training, and

evaluating personnel affect management, guest services, and marketing of the facilities

5.8.7 Operational Systems–explain the functions of security and key control,

safety and sanitation, housekeeping, hazardous waste, maintenance, and engineering

5.9 Merchandising (S): Students will understand the marketing functions and foundations of merchandising. They will demonstrate competency by applying marketing strategies and practices to merchandising operations.

5.9.1 Advertising and Promotion–design a promotional plan for

merchandising 5.9.2 Buying and Pricing–identify and determine price objectives and

strategies including buying procedures and negotiations

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5.9.3 Color–describe the fundamental “color theory” and what factors

influence color decisions 5.9.4 Distribution–differentiate among various channels of distribution and

explain their importance to the marketing process 5.9.5 Event Planning–explain the process of coordinating merchandising

events and shows 5.9.6 Forecasting–discuss forecasting methods and principles based on cycles,

trends, and global influence; utilize methods to determine market potential

5.9.7 International Merchandising–discuss a variety of merchandising

strategies useful in a global marketplace 5.9.8 Inventory Control–establish an inventory control system using

appropriate strategies and techniques 5.9.9 Line and Design–design a product using fundamental concepts of line,

design and construction 5.9.10 Management and Entrepreneurship–analyze fundamental business,

management, and entrepreneurial concepts that affect decision-making 5.9.11 Operations–discuss common operational policy and procedures needed

in a retail environment 5.9.12 Textiles–analyze appropriate fabric selection for a variety of

merchandise 5.9.13 Visual Presentation–analyze merchandising arrangement techniques and

discuss the importance of creating and maintaining an image 5.10 Restaurant Sales & Service (S): Students will understand operational,

marketing, and management functions specific to food service facilities. They will demonstrate competency by applying knowledge of operational, marketing and management strategies and practices to food service situations.

5.10.1 Business Foundations–discuss the business foundations and economic

principles as they relate to food service facilities, including fast food, catering, banquets, and full service

5.10.2 Customer Service–describe guest relations techniques appropriate for a

variety of food service operations

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5.10.3 Facilities Planning–discuss effective floor plans; describe techniques for

maximizing square footage, utilizing proper fixture arrangements, determining traffic patterns, and developing efficient arrangements of furnishings and equipment

5.10.4 Food and Beverage Presentation–discuss effective strategies for

marketing menu items 5.10.5 Food Service Marketing–develop a marketing plan based upon research,

analysis, and forecasting strategies 5.10.6 Health Standards–identify standards for maintaining a safe and sanitary

work place 5.10.7 Human Resources–explain ways in which recruiting, training, and

evaluating personnel affect management, customer services, and marketing of facilities

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Entrepreneurship 6.0 Entrepreneurship Job security, longevity and advancement with one company are no longer guaranteed for employees. Competition and the global economy has opened the door for many new businesses. Entrepreneurs are becoming increasingly vital to the economy. Students study business planning, management, marketing and basic financial concepts while learning how to organize and operate a small business. Students with a career interest in small business or entrepreneurship will learn skills for employment in today's growth industries as well as skills transferable to professions of the future. Students interested in entrepreneurship should complete a career path cluster and career path specialization to ensure that they possess occupational skills for entrepreneurial ventures. 6.1 Entrepreneurship (E): Students will understand the elements of a business

plan and its effect on the success of small business. The student will demonstrate competency by preparing, describing and presenting a business plan.

6.1.1 Business Image–develop public relations strategies to establish and

maintain a positive image 6.1.2 Capital Budgeting–create a capital budget, including sources of funding

and investment strategies 6.1.3 Collections–develop billing and collection policies 6.1.4 Contracts–describe the elements of an enforceable contract and evaluate

its impact on an entrepreneurial venture 6.1.5 Entrepreneurial Potential–describe and analyze the characteristics of a

successful entrepreneur 6.1.6 Financial Planning–develop operating budgets which project income,

expenses, profitability, cash flow, profit and loss 6.1.7 Financial Resources–research public and private sources of financial

information and describe methods for raising capital

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6.1.8 Financial Statement Analysis–prepare and analyze financial statements;

demonstrate the use of financial statements in making business decisions 6.1.9 Franchising–research franchising options, including acquisition,

operation and profitability 6.1.10 Government Regulations–discuss federal, state and local codes; describe

licensing, tax requirements, and administrative agencies used in business situations

6.1.11 Human Resources Management–generate an organizational chart and

structure; prepare job descriptions, and a plan for recruiting, training, and evaluating personnel

6.1.12 International Business–appraise opportunities for global trade, discuss

trade concepts relating to the import/export process 6.1.13 Legal Considerations and Control–identify and analyze federal, state,

and local requirements which affect business organizations 6.1.14 Location & Property Analysis–analyze business locations, determine

suitability of property, and prepare a layout design 6.1.15 Management–describe planning, organization, staffing, leading, and

controlling functions; research current management practices and discuss their application

6.1.16 Marketing Analysis–identify a target market and market niche; develop a

segmentation strategy used to market a product or service 6.1.17 Marketing Plan–develop a marketing plan based on market research and

analysis to include ideas for new or improved products and/or services 6.1.18 Pricing Strategies–formulate pricing strategies for products and fee

setting strategies for services 6.1.19 Production–develop a plan using quality control procedures to produce

and acquire products and materials to meet market demand 6.1.20 Promotion–describe how to target the market, develop a budget, select

the media, design and implement a promotional campaign 6.1.21 Purchasing & Inventory Management–identify buying procedures &

methods for controlling inventory

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6.1.22 Research and Development–discuss the importance of research to business planning and development

6.1.23 Risk Management–demonstrate strategies to minimize loss and liability;

research types of business insurance and propose appropriate solutions that provide protection from various business risks

6.1.24 Sales–describe strategies to maintain and increase sales 6.1.25 Technology–evaluate various applications of technology; select office

equipment such as computers, telephone systems, fax machines and copiers

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Middle School Standards: Exploration in Business

The following standards apply to grade levels six through eight: 1.0 Business and Consumer Concepts (M): Students will understand selected

business and consumer concepts as applied in a global society. They will demonstrate competency by describing how business functions are affected by consumer choices and cultural influences as follows:

1.1 Consumer behavior. Differentiate between needs and wants. 1.2 Cultural literacy. Explore the impact of cultural differences on

consumer behavior. 1.3 International business. Understand the magnitude of international

business within U.S. society. 1.4 Manufacturing and production. Explore the impact of the evolution of

manufacturing and production. 1.5 Retail marketing. Describe the process of buying and selling goods.

2.0 Business Computations (M): Students will understand basic business computations. They will demonstrate competency in computational skills to process personal and business documents and make transactions as follows: 2.1 Estimation. Solve problems by predicting solutions. 2.2 Graphs and tables. Read and construct visual representation of data. 2.3 Change. Calculate and count change for simple business transactions. 2.4 Money and banking. Explain banking procedures and operations. 2.5 Pricing and sales tax. Figure prices and compute sales tax. 2.6 Statistics. Analyze and interpret statistical data.

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3.0 Career Awareness and Exploration (M): Students will understand career choices and explore related concepts as applied in the world of work. They will demonstrate competency by identifying and describing a variety of industries, occupations, and work skills found in business as follows: 3.1 Career interests. Assess personal interests related to career

opportunities. 3.2 Career qualifications. Identify types of qualifications required for

various occupations. 3.3 Career research. Explore a variety of occupational clusters. 3.4 Identification of skills for work. Identify the skills employers expect of

workers. 3.5 Job survey. Explore career opportunities through contact with business

persons.

4.0 Computer Literacy (M): Students will understand the basic functions and operation of computers. They will demonstrate competency by using computers as a tool for communicating and learning as follows: 4.1 Basic operations. Explain the way in which a computer processes

information. 4.2 Functions. Identify the kinds of tasks for which computers can be used. 4.3 Hardware. Demonstrate the safe operation of computer equipment. 4.4 Social impact. Explore the effects of computers on society. 4.5 Software. Use a variety of computer programs.

5.0 Economic Concepts (M): Students will understand economic concepts as they apply to domestic and global economies. They will demonstrate competency by describing the impact of various economic conditions and systems as follows: 5.1 Economic conditions. Relate economic conditions in history to present-

day conditions. 5.2 Economic systems. Identify the change and evolution of economic

systems throughout history. 5.3 Economic terms. Define basic economic terms.

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5.4 Individual choice and impact. Discuss effect brought about by individual choices.

5.5 Supply and demand. Demonstrate the concept of supply and demand in

relation to pricing. 5.6 World economics. Identify the impact of economics on ancient history.

6.0 Keyboarding (M): Students will understand the basic keyboarding operations necessary to operate a computer keyboard. They will demonstrate competency by using the touch system of keyboarding to develop written communication requiring basic formatting skills as follows: 6.1 Equipment operation. Operate equipment to set tabs and margins, adjust

spacing, and center text. 6.2 Formatting. Format simple letters and reports. 6.3 Touch system. Operate the keyboard by touch.

7.0 Science and Technology (M): Students will understand the ways in which science and technology impact as well as serve the needs of business and consumers. They will demonstrate competency by identifying and analyzing examples of scientific and technological developments that change the world as follows: 7.1 Environmental issues. Discuss the impact of environmental issues on

business and industry. 7.2 Technology innovations. Explain the role of technology in the

application of scientific discoveries.