Rapid  Gender  Analysis:  Yemen      

CARE  Rapid  Gender  Analysis  of  Yemen  July  2015  

Simran  Singh,  Howard  Mollet,  and  Isadora  Quay  

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Rapid  Gender  Analysis  Yemen  

Introduction  

The  conflict  in  Yemen  is  taking  a  heavy  toll  on  civilians.  The  United  Nations  (UN)  estimates  that  four  

out  of  five  Yemenis  are  in  need  (21.1  million  people).  Approximately  one  million  Yemenis  have  been  displaced  of  whom  54%  are  women  and  46%  are  men.i  According  to  UNHCR,  28,712  Yemenis  have  fled  the  country  seeking  refuge  in  the  Horn  of  Africa  and  in  the  Gulf  states.    Insecurity  is  severely  

hampering  the  response:  UNHCR  reported  that  of  the  250,000  refugees  in  need  humanitarian  assistance  only  1063  had  received  aid  by  14  July  2015.    Many  schools  have  been  forced  to  close  affecting  an  estimated  1.84  million  children  across  3684  schools.  The  most  affected  governorates  

include  Sana'a,  Taizz,  Aden,  Lahj,  Sa'ada,  Al  Dhale’e  as  well  as  Sana’a  City.    

CARE  has  been  continuously  operational  in  Yemen  since  1992,  supporting  the  most  marginalized  

communities  to  reduce  poverty,  social  injustice,  and  providing  humanitarian  assistance  to  reduce  the  impact  of  humanitarian  crises.    CARE’s  rapid  gender  analysis  provides  information  about  the  different  needs,  capacities  and  coping  strategies  of  women,  men,  boys  and  girls  in  Yemen  by  

examining  the  relationships  between  women,  men,  boys  and  girls.    

Due  to  the  current  security  situation  and  limited  humanitarian  access  within  Yemen,  this  document  is  an  initial  analysis  of  gender  relations.  More  gender  assessment  and  gender  analysis  will  be  needed  

by  CARE  and  other  actors.    Nevertheless,  the  initial  gender  recommendations  provide  a  starting  point  for  humanitarian  programming  to  understand  and  meet  the  different  needs  of  Yemeni  women,  men,  boys  and  girls.      

Methods  

CARE’s  Rapid  Gender  Analysis  is  designed  as  an  incremental  process:  as  more  information  about  

gender  relations  during  the  currant  crisis  in  Yemen  becomes  available,  it  will  be  analysed  and  included  into  the  Rapid  Gender  Analysis.    

A  range  of  methods  were  used  to  analyse  information.  Primary  and  secondary  quantitative  and  qualitative  information  from  before  and  during  the  crisis  have  been  analysed.  Much  of  the  initial  information  is  taken  from  the  CARE  Program  Situational  Analysis  undertaken  in  2014.  In-­‐line  with  

CARE  Yemen’s  operational  focus,  this  rapid  gender  analysis  pays  particular  attention  to  Food  Security  and  Water,  Sanitation  and  Hygiene  (WASH).    

Gender  Relations  in  Yemen  

Since  2006,  Yemen  ranks  as  the  lowest  country  in  the  world  for  gender  equality;  coming  142th  of  142  countries  in  the  Global  Gender  Gap  report.    Traditional  Yemeni  gender  norms  characterise  

women  as  ‘weak’  and  needing  to  be  ‘protected’.    Although  women  have  considerable  productive  and  reproductive  roles  and  responsibilities,  they  have  limited  participation  in  society  and  a  ‘lower  status  then  men’.ii  Men  are  the  primary  decision-­‐makers  both  inside  and  outside  of  the  household.  Older  

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women,  employed  women,  women  living  in  urban  areas,  and  those  who  have  more  education  are  more  likely  to  make  decisions  for  themselvesiii.    The  2014  Global  Gender  Gap  report  highlighted  that  

women  are  significantly  less  literate  than  men:  50%  of  women  are  literate,  compared  to  83%  of  men.  Women  earn  significantly  less  than  men  $1,751  YR  compared  to  $6,343  YR.      

Women  in  Yemen  face  various  forms  of  violence  and  discrimination  including:  92%  of  Yemeni  

women  believe  that  most  violence  against  women  and  girls  happens  in  the  homeiv;  most  Yemeni  women  are  child-­‐brides  married  by  the  time  they  reach  18  years  of  agev;    43%  of  women  and  girls  and  21%  of  men  and  boys  have  never  attended  schoolvi;  and  female  genital  mutilation  affects  slightly  

less  than  one-­‐in—five  Yemeni  womenvii.  Polygamy  is  relatively  uncommon  in  Yemen:  6%  of  currently  married  women  report  having  co-­‐wivesviii.    

Yemen’s  legal  framework  is  complicated  combination  of  Shari’a,  the  former  socialist  legal  system,  

international  principles,  customary  or  tribal  law  ‘urf  al-­‐qabili’,  sections  of  Egyptian  and  other  Arab  laws,  and  elements  from  Ottoman  or  Turkish  traditionsix.    Women  are  subjected  to  a  host  of  discriminatory  laws.  The  1994  Constitution  of  Yemen  is  unclear  in  terms  of  women’s  equality  with  

contradictory  articles.  Many  laws  discriminate  against  women  including:  Personal  Status  Law  (1992),  Penal  Code  Law  (1994),  Nationality  Law  (1990)  and  Evidence  Law  (1996).    

Yemen’s  diverse  history,  geography,  politics  and  religious  ideologies  have  been  a  source  of  on-­‐going  

conflict  through  its  historyx.  Prior  to  this  crisis,  OCHA  estimated  that  in  2014    80,000  people  were  displaced  due  to  localised  conflicts.  Mainly  in  the  North,  an  additional  335,000  Yemenis  remain  in  protracted  displacement.  At  the  end  of  2014,  215,000  IDPs  had  returned  home,  but  were  struggling  

to  resume  their  daily  lives  due  to  the  loss  of  livelihoods,  damaged  infrastructure,  weak  rule  of  law  and  contamination  from  unexploded  ordnance  (UXO).    

Gender  relations  in  Yemen  vary  from  the  North  to  the  South,  in  urban  and  rural  areas,  amongst  families,  and  following  the  customs  of  the  different  tribes.  The  North  of  Yemen  has  been  traditionally  more  conservative  than  the  South.    One  particularly  vulnerable  group  in  Yemen  is  the  

Muhamasheen.  They  are  considered  the  lowest  status  group  in  Yemeni  social  hierarchy  and  Muhamasheen  women  are  particularly  marginalised.  Hajjah  Governorate  has  the  second  largest  population  of  Muhamasheen  (approximately  40,789)xi.    Other  marginalized  groups  in  Yemen  include  

refugees,  asylum  seekers  and  migrants  from  Horn  of  Africa.  Refugee  women  are  considered  some  of  the  most  vulnerable  people  in  Yemen.  xii  

Gender  Relations  and  Conflict  in  Yemen  

There  is  limited  information  about  the  impacts  of  the  current  crisis  on  women,  men,  girls  and  boys.  Initial  interviews  have  been  conducted  by  the  OCHA  GenCap  Advisor  that  provide  some  evidence.  In  total  14  interviews  were  conducted  with  senior  members  of  Community  Service  Organizations  (CSO),  

staff  of  international  non-­‐government  organizations  (INGO)  staff,  a  civil  servant,  and  a  medical  doctor.xiii  Some  of  those  interviewed  believed  that  the  crisis  was  having  a  significant  impact  on  women:    

“The  woman  is  the  person  who  has  everything  thrown  on  her  head  and  absorbs  all  the  shocks.”  

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“Of  course  women’s  responsibilities  have  increased.    Before  the  conflict,  everything  relied  on  the  man,  now  all  of  a  sudden  the  woman  has  to  take  care  of  everything  –  she  is  not  used  to  this.”  

“Before  the  conflict,  most  responsibility  –  although  not  the  workload  -­‐  was  described  as  being  on  the  men.    Not  only  do  women  now  suddenly  have  to  learn  new  tasks  and  skills,  but  also  take  on  dealing  with  people  outside  the  family,  a  role  they  are  completely  unprepared  for.”            

While  others  interviewed  suggested  that  the  needs  of  women  and  men  were  largely  the  same:    

“Currently  men  and  women  have  the  same  needs,  because  the  situation  is  affecting  them  both  in  the  same  way;”  

These  interviews  by  OCHA  are  reinforced  by  the  Focus  Group  Discussions  conducted  in  2014  by  CARE  Yemen  for  the  Program  Approach  Situation  Analysis.  Over  three  weeks,  CARE  carried  out  focus  groups  with  43  people  (18  women  and  25  men).    This  included  a  section  of  questions  on  the  impact  

on  conflict  and  crisis  on  women,  men,  boys  and  girls.    

The  respondents  indicated  that  in  situations  of  conflict  Yemeni  women  experience  significant  

restrictions  on  their  mobility:xiv  

“Women  are  affected  the  most  because  of  the  absence  of  security,  their  normal  lives  are  interrupted  and  they  may  be  forced  to  stay  at  home.”  

Protection  issues  come  to  the  fore  in  times  of  conflict  with  both  gender  and  generational  impacts:  

 “There  are  more  early  marriages  because  of  the  crises.”  

“Conflicts  outside  the  home  affect  the  family  income  which  leads  to  problems  between  husbands  and  wives.”  

The  Focus  Groups  highlighted  that  female-­‐headed  households,  who  account  for  7.8%xv  of  families  in  

Yemen,  will  have  specific  needs  in  times  of  insecurity  which  need  to  be  identified  and  taken  into  account:  

“When  crises  or  shocks  impact  families  the  women  are  impacted  differently  because  female-­‐headed  households  are  even  less  able  to  cope.”    

CARE’s  analysis  shows  how  conflict  was  perceived  to  impact  gender  relations  at  the  household  level  during  previous  periods  of  conflict  in  Yemen.    

Emerging  Gender  and  Policy  Implications  

During  2014,  leadership  by  the  Humanitarian  Coordinator,  the  GENCAP  advisor  and  engagement  of  

the  wider  humanitarian  community  resulted  in  some  impressive  achievements  on  integrating  gender  into  humanitarian  efforts.  The  Humanitarian  Country  Team  made  five  explicit  HCT  commitments  to  integrate  gender.xvi  Gender  was  also  factored  as  ‘Strategic  Objective  5’  with  indicators  into  the  

Yemen  Humanitarian  Response  Plan  2014/2015:  “Ensure  meaningful  participation  and  equitable  access  to  services,  resources,  and  protection  measures  for  women,  girls,  boys,  and  men”,  including  6  indicators.  Other  Strategic  Objectives  also  included  some  gender  sensitive  indicators.  According  to  a  

GENCAP  debrief  in  March  2015,  a  Cluster  Gender  Focal  Point  Network  had  been  established  since  

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December  2014  and  members  of  Health,  Protection,  Shelter  and  WASH  clusters  had  received  a  first  training  on  “Gender  equality  in  humanitarian  action.”xvii  Benefits  reportedly  included:    

• 83%  of  2014  YHRP  projects  were  rated  2a  or  2b  in  the  IASC  Gender  Marker  • 86%   of   the   assessments   conducted   by   cluster   partners   had   female   assessors,   and   have  

ensured  the  participation  of  females  from  the  affected    • 92  %  of  clusters  collected  SADD  for  humanitarian  activities  

 

Commitments  were  made  at  that  time  to  follow-­‐up  on  these  efforts  with  an  evaluation  in  2015.  As  

the  conflict  situation  has  evolved,  the  IASC  Emergency  Directors  Group  convened  to  discuss  the  implications  of  Yemen  becoming  categorised  an  L3  crisis  and  identify  ‘L3  Benchmarks’  to  monitor  the  

necessary  scale-­‐up  in  the  response.  One  of  the  benchmarks  is  “Ensure  the  centrality  of  Protection  and  attention  to  the  unique  needs  of  women  and  men,  boys  and  girls,  throughout  the  response.”  In  addition  to  the  GENCAP  advisor,  a  ProCap  inter-­‐agency  Protection  Advisor  has  been  requested  and  a  

Protection  working  group  is  activated.  A  benchmark  is  also  included  calling  for  “participation  of,  and  accountability  to,  affected  people  across  all  elements  of  the  response,  including  through  ensuring  that  feedback  from  affected  men  and  women  informs  decision-­‐making,  including  in  the  clusters,  

inter-­‐cluster,  and  HCT.”  The  plan  highlights  that  while  individual  efforts  are  underway,  these  are  not  currently  joined-­‐up.  There  is  a  call  for  an  AAP  and  Communication  with  Disaster  Affected  Communities  (CDAC)  adviser  to  be  appointed  to  the  HCT,  and  for  Area  Offices  to  be  re-­‐established  

with  sustained  presence,  eventual  sub-­‐offices,  in  close  proximity  to  affected  people.    

Gender  and  Food  Security  

Agriculture  is  crucial  to  Yemen’s  economy:  in  2010  it  employed  more  than  half  of  the  labour  force  

and  it  contributed  to  17.4%  of  the  GDP.xviii    The  Comprehensive  Food  Security  Survey  from  2014  showed  that  food  insecurity  was  a  serious  problem  in  many  parts  of  Yemen:  48.5%  of  people  living  Abyan,  53.5%  of  people  living  in  Hajjah,  58.3%  of  people  in  Lahj  and  35.2%  of  people  in  Amran  were  

food  insecure.      

Food  insecurity  affects  women  and  children  in  particular  ways.    In  Yemen,  food  is  prepared  by  women  and  girls  who  also  have  primary  responsibility  for  collecting  water  and  firewood,  cleaning,  and  childcarexix.    During  times  of  crisis,  CARE’s  focus  group  discussions  in  2014  highlighted  some  of  

the  issues  related  to  cooking:    

“Women  can’t  cook  for  their  families  due  to  the  petrol  crisis.  Women  in  Yemen  are  the  most  effected  by  the  crisis  because  if  there  is  no  gas  she  is  forced  to  cook  with  wood.”  

In  addition  to  these  roles,  women  provide  60%  of  the  labour  in  crop  cultivation,  more  than  90%  in  tending  livestock  while  earning  30%  less  than  men.xx  However,  the  role  of  women  in  agriculture  is  

not  reflected  in  government  statistics  or  decision-­‐making.    Some  of  the  key  challenges  faced  by  women  include:  lack  of  land  ownership;  limited  access  to  credit;  agriculture  extension  and  other  relevant  services  not  provided  to  rural  women;  and  lack  of  support  from  the  government  on  training  

and  support  to  Women’s  Development  offices  and  rural  women  extension  agents.xxi  

Almost  half  of  all  children  in  Yemen  suffer  from  malnutrition  47%  are  stunted  while  16%  are  

wastedxxii.  Slightly  more  boys  are  more  affected  by  stunting  than  girls.  A  quarter  of  women  and  girls  

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aged  between  15  and  49  years  were  malnourished,  of  whom  14.4%  were  severely  malnourished.xxiii  Malnutrition  was  attributed  to  a  variety  of  causes  including  a  lack  of  education  amongst  women,  the  

poor  nutritional  status  of  women,  and  related  problems  due  to  the  lack  of  key  services  such  as  health  care  and  water  and  sanitation  facilities.    

It  is  important  to  note  that  female  headed-­‐households  are  amongst  the  most  vulnerable  to  food  insecurity:  45.1%  of  female-­‐headed  households  in  Yemen  were  severely  food  insecure,  compared  to  40.7%  male-­‐headed  households.xxiv      

When  food  is  scarce  in  Yemen,  a  common  coping  mechanism  is  that  women  eat  less,  while  still  continuing  heavy  domestic  workload.  There  are  also  obstacles  when  it  comes  to  food  distributions,  

for  example  lack  of  official  papers  makes  it  difficult  to  register  women,  boys  and  girls  and  a  lack  of  mobility  due  to  cultural  and  security  restraints  makes  it  difficult  to  access  food  distribution  points.xxv  Access  to  markets  is  also  a  challenge  for  women  as  they  are  excluded  from  economic  activities  which  

are  largely  undertaken  by  men.  This  is  often  compounded  in  time  of  conflict  as  reported  in  CARE’s  focus  group  discussions  on  conflict  in  2014.      

“Some  women  are  not  even  allowed  to  go  to  the  market.  Women  have  no  right  to  go  and  work  and  the  preference  is  for  men.”  

According  to  a  recent  WFP  update,  fuel  prices  have  increased  seven-­‐fold  compared  to  pre-­‐crisis  period  and  more  importantly,  fuel  is  universally  unavailable.  In  crisis-­‐affected  areas,  the  availability  of  food  commodities  is  deteriorating.1  According  to  the  MIRA,  in  Amran,  Hajjah  and  Abyan  –  food  

security  was  the  first  priority  of  the  respondents.  In  Hajjah  and  Abyan,  malnutrition  was  highlighted  as  a  key  issue.  Reported  coping  strategies  included  decreased  food  consumption  which  is  a  strategy  that  is  likely  to  affect  women  first.    

Recommendations  for  CARE’s  Food  Security  Programming:    

• Determine  most  appropriate  cash  modality  for  each  beneficiary  group.    o Women  have  primary  responsibility  for  fetching  water,  participate  in  the  agricultural  

activities  and  have  heavy  domestic  workloads.  How  would  Cash  For  Work  (CFW)  fit  into  their  current  workload  or  would  be  a  burden?  Suggest  identifying  work  opportunities  for  home-­‐based  women.    

o Unconditional  cash  grants  –  Female  headed  households  and  other  vulnerable  people  may  not  be  able  to  participate  in  CFW  activities.  Therefore,  where  appropriate,  unconditional  grants  should  be  provided  to  the  most  vulnerable.    

o Whether  it’s  CFW,  vouchers,  and/or  unconditional  grants,  consider  the  time  implications  for  accessing  aid.    

o For  conditional  cash  grants,  suggest  consulting  men  and  women  to  understand  what  conditions  will  be  appropriate  and  useful,  given  the  cultural  context    

• Mobility  for  women  and  girls  is  likely  to  be  restricted-­‐    o Use  CARE’s  mobility  analysis  tool  to  look  how  has  the  current  crisis  impacted  

women’s  mobility  and  access  to  markets?    • Income  Generate  Activities:    

o Based  on  needs  assessments  and  market  analysis,  work  with  the  Cluster  to  examine  what  potential  opportunities  may  exist  to  support  income  generating  opportunities  

                                                                                                                         1WFP;  Yemen  Market  Price  Update,  http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/wfp274919.pdf,  2015  

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for  IDP  women  and  host  communities.  For  example,  could  provide  inputs  to  support  home-­‐based  work  and  training  that  IDP  women  can  use  when  they  return  home.  

Gender  and  WASH  

Yemen  is  one  of  the  most  water-­‐scarce  countries  in  the  world.  Pre-­‐crisis,  the  majority  (59%)  of  

people  accessed  water  from  an  improved  source  of  waterxxvi.  However  those  who  have  to  walk  to  collect  water  travelled  long  distances  (30  minutes  or  longer)  to  do  soxxvii.  Nine-­‐out-­‐of-­‐ten  households  in  Yemen  did  not  treat  their  water  and  only  5.5%  used  an  appropriate  method  to  treat  waterxxviii.  

Less  than  half  of  households  use  improved  toilets  that  are  not  shared  with  other  households;  25  percent  of  households  have  no  toilet  at  allxxix.    There  are  large  differences  in  sanitation  methods  between  urban  and  rural  areas.    

Since  the  crisis,  the  UN  has  reported  that  the  lack  of  fuel  and  electricity  has  caused  a  breakdown  in  

basic  WASH  services.xxx    The  breakdown  and  lack  of  access  to  safe  rural  water  supply  has  the  biggest  impact  of  women  and  girls  as  they  are  largely  responsible  for  fetching  water  and  are  often  forced  to  travel  long  distances  to  find  water.xxxi  Moreover,  women  play  a  critical  role  in  promoting  health  

behaviours  at  the  household  level,  including  hygiene  practices  such  as  hand  washing  and  proper  waste  disposal,  prepare  food  and  manage  water  collection,  storage  and  treatment.xxxii  

The  MIRA  assessment  conducted  in  April  2015  provided  some  key  information  on  gender  and  WASH.  In  Abyan,  among  the  46  individuals  interviewed,  50%  of  them  mentioned  that  WASH  is  considered  as  a  severe  situation  (urgent  intervention  required).    In  Abyan,  94%  respondents  agree  in  all  locations  

that  there  is  a  serious  problem  in  the  community  because  of  a  lack  of  clean  water  for  drinking,  cooking  or  personal  hygiene.  In  addition,  respondents  in  Abyan  agreed  that  lack  of  clean  toilets  and  hygiene  was  a  serious  concern.  The  top  WASH  priorities  in  Abyan  include  provision  of  water;  hygiene  

materials  including  soap;  water  containers;  water  filters;  and  water  tanks.  In  Hajjah,  104  respondents  identified  water  as  a  serious  problem.  In  Hajjah,  the  main  constraints  were  identified:  53%  mentioned  that  water  was  too  expensive;  45%  replied  that  water  trucks  were  no  longer  serving  

the  area  due  to  the  crisis  and  44%  mentioned  ‘long  distances  to  safe  water’.  

Recommendations  for  CARE’s  WASH  Programming:    

• CARE  Yemen  has  experience  integrating  gender  into  their  programming,  continue  to:  o Consult  with  women  and  girls  on  their  needs  in  order  to  ensure  that  sufficient  

privacy  and  protection  is  offered  for  ensure  that  water  distribution  points  are  in  safe  and  open  areas  located  near  settlements.    

o Specifically  consult  women  and  girls  when  designing  the  contents  of  the  hygiene  kits  and  align  with  the  Protection/SGBV  sub-­‐cluster  best  practices  (click  here).  

o Hygiene  Promotion  Teams  need  to  have  both  male  and  female  staff.  • Support  women’s  critical  role  in  water  management:  

o Women  should  be  trained  on  how  to  use  household  water  treatments  materials;  o Separate  male  and  female  WASH  Village  Committees  should  be  supported  and/or  

set  up.  Otherwise,  women’s  views  on  critical  water  management  decisions  will  not  be  incorporated  into  key  community-­‐level  decisions.    

o Consult  with  women  and  girls  regarding  appropriate  locations  for  water  points.  • Hygiene  promotion  should  target  men,  women,  boys  and  girls  separately.  Suggest  exploring  

a  particular  focus  on  adolescent  girls.  

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• When  rehabilitating  community  latrines,  ensure  separate  latrines  for  men  and  women,  ensure  that  they  are  well  lit,  hand-­‐washing  stations  are  available,  and  they  are  screened  to  ensure  privacy  and  security.  

Overall  Recommendations  

Pre-­‐crisis,  CARE  Yemen  has  experience  in  integrating  gender  into  their  programming,  they  plan  to  

build  on  some  of  these  best  practices  to  ensure  that  humanitarian  programming  understands  and  meets  the  needs  of  women,  men,  boys  and  girls.    

• Targeting  through  local  partners  and  community  members  is  crucial  to  ensure  that  women  and  girls  are  consulted  and  have  access  to  assistance:  

o Ensure  that  field  outreach  teams  include  men  and  women  who  are  trained  on  gender  sensitive  programming;  

o Ensure  involvement  of  women  in  the  community  committees  and/or  set  up  separate  women’s  committees.  Ensure  that  the  women  committees  are  able  to  meaningful  participate  and  contribute  to  community  level  decision-­‐making  for  the  definition  of  vulnerability  criteria,  selection  of  beneficiaries  and  interventions.    

o Ensure  Feedback  mechanisms  are  in  place  –  to  examine  how  best  to  reflect  women’s  voices  with  existing  accountability  mechanisms  and  within  gender-­‐sensitive  post-­‐distribution  monitoring.    

• Distribution:  Ensure  distribution  plans  incorporated  women’s  views  on  how  to  deal  with  lack  of  official  papers,  mobility,  safety/risks,  and  capacity  to  move  relief  items  back  home.  Ensure  

that  the  distribution  team  is  gender  balanced.  Ensure  that  the  distribution  point  is  accessible  to  all  and  there  are  separate  distribution  lines  for  women.  Depending  on  the  type  of  distribution,  suggest  doing  separate  distributions  on  the  same  day  targeting  men  and  

women  separately.  If  distribution  points  are  not  appropriate,  suggest  undertaking  house-­‐to-­‐house  distribution  to  access  the  most  vulnerable.    

• Partners:  Ensure  that  there  is  capacity  assessment  questions  related  to  gender  when  

assessing  new  partners  and  that  they  have  the  capacity  to  implement  gender  sensitive  programming.  Make  training  on  gender  available  to  staff  and  partners.  

• Further  Rapid  Gender  Analysis  is  needed:  This  is  a  partial  and  incomplete  gender  analysis.  

CARE  Yemen  has  completed  an  assessment  in  Hajjah  and  Amran  and  is  in  the  process  of  analysing  this  information  which  needs  to  feed  into  the  second  draft  of  this  Rapid  Gender  Analysis.  Consider  a  rapid  gender  analysis  by  governorate  level.    

• Share  with  Humanitarian  Community:    o Suggest  sharing  the  final  RGA  with  the  humanitarian  community,  especially  the  

GenCAP  advisor  to  help  inform  programming  and  analysis.    o Work  with  GenCap  to  pilot  the  gender  monitoring  tool.    

                                                                                                                         i  OCHA;  Yemen  Humanitarian  Response  Plan-­‐  Revised,  <  http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-­‐humanitarian-­‐response-­‐plan-­‐2015-­‐revision-­‐june-­‐2015,  2015.    ii  Manea,  Elham;  Yemen,  https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/inline_images/Yemen.pdf;  2010  iii  Yemen  Demographic  and  Health  Survey  2013  iv  Ibid  v  Ibid  vi  Ibid  vii  Ibid  

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           viii  Ibid  ix  Colburn,  2014  x  OCHA;  Humanitarian  Needs  Overview  http://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/2015-­‐yemen-­‐humanitarian-­‐needs-­‐overview  ;  2015.  xi  Colburn,  2014  xii  UNDP;  Country  Assessment  Violence  Against  Women  –  Yemen    xiii  OCHA,  Gender  Equality  in  Yemen  Conflict  2015  (interviews);  2015.  xiv  Marta  Colburn  2014  xv  Yemen  Demographic  and  Health  Survey  2013  xvi  The  HCT  commitments  were  as  follows:  

• All  documents  approved  by   the  HCT   (policies,   interagency  programs,  etc.)   integrate  gender  and  age  dimensions  and  have  been  reviewed  by  a  senior  gender  adviser.  

• Gender   inequality   and   the   status   of   women   and   girls,   as   well   as   men   and   boys,   are   considered  throughout  the  HPC  strategic  documents  (HNO,  YHRP,  Monitoring  and  Evaluation).  

• All   advocacy   events   and   advocacy   documents   integrate   gender   and   age   dimensions,  making   visible  the  special  needs  of  each  population  group.    

•  All  Cluster  Lead  Agencies  take  concrete  steps  with  cluster  leaders  and  IMU  teams  in  order  to  ensure  sex-­‐  and  age-­‐disaggregated  data  is  collected,  reported  and  published  in  information  products.  

•  All  HCT  agency  members  ensure  that  at   least  30%  of   their  staff  has  completed  the   IASC  "gender   in  humanitarian  action"  free  on-­‐line  training  (certificates  are  provided  when  the  training  is  finalized).  

xvii  http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/operations/yemen/gender-­‐mainstreaming-­‐humanitarian-­‐action-­‐yemen%20  xviiiColburn,  2014.  xixIFPRI,  Assessing  Food  Security  in  Yemen  http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp00982.pdf  ,  2010.  xxIFAD;  Factsheet  Yemen  http://www.ifad.org/operations/projects/regions/pn/factsheets/ye.pdf;  2011.  xxiRepublic  of  Yemen;  Agriculture  Strategy  2012  -­‐2016;  http://www.ye.undp.org/content/dam/yemen/PovRed/Docs/Yemen_National%20Agriculture%20Sector%20Strategy%202012-­‐2016%20En.pdf;  2012  xxii  Yemen  Demographic  and  Health  Survey  2013  xxiii  WFP;  Comprehensive  Food  Security  Survey,  Yemen,  http://home.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp269771.pdf,  2014  xxivIbid.  xxvOCHA,  Gender  considerations  in  the  Humanitarian  Response  in  Yemen;  2014  xxvi  Yemen  Demographic  and  Health  Survey  2013  xxvii  Ibid  xxviii  Ibid  xxix  Ibid  xxx  OCHA;  Yemen  Flash  Appeal  http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Yemen_Flash%20Appeal.pdf  ;  2015  xxxi  WFP;  YEMEN:  Secondary  Data  Analysis  on  Food  Security  and  Vulnerability  http://home.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp207839.pdf    ;2013.  xxxiiUSAID;  Gender  Assessment  Yemen,    http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00jnrk.pdf;  2015