Cardiovascular Cardiovascular SystemSystem

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Combining Forms for Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular Systemthe Cardiovascular System

angi/o angiogramvas/o vasospasmvascul/o vascular

aort/o aortic

Combining Forms for Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular Systemthe Cardiovascular System

arteri/o arteriosclerosis

ather/o atheroma

atri/o atrioventricular

Combining Forms for Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular Systemthe Cardiovascular System

cardi/o cardiology

coron/o coronary

my/o myocardial

Combining Forms for Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular Systemthe Cardiovascular System

pector/o pectoralsteth/o stethoscope

sphygm/o sphygmomanometer

thromb/o thrombocyte

Combining Forms for Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular Systemthe Cardiovascular System

ven/o venousphleb/o phlebitis

varic/o varicosis

Combining Forms for Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular Systemthe Cardiovascular System

ventricul/o ventricular

Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System OverviewOverview

Consists of the heart and blood vessels

The heart pumps blood throughout the body

Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body

The HeartThe Heart

Muscular Organ

Hollow interior

Pumps blood throughout the body

Four chambers Upper chambers

Lower chambers

Structure of the HeartStructure of the Heart

Four Chambers Right atrium (upper chamber)

Left atrium (upper chamber)

Right ventricle (lower chamber)

Left ventricle (lower chamber)

Septum — divides heart into right and left portions Interatrial septum — separates the atria

Interventricular septum — separates the ventricles

Structure of the HeartStructure of the Heart

Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart tricuspid valve — located between right atrium

and right ventricle

mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and left ventricle

pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle to pulmonary artery

aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta

(continued)(continued)

Layers of the HeartLayers of the Heart

endocardium membrane that lines the interior cavities of the

heart

myocardium Thick, muscular layer

epicardium Outer membrane

Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart

Structures of the HeartStructures of the Heart

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

arteries vessels that carry blood from the heart to

arterioles

aorta large artery branching from the left ventricle

arterioles small vessels receive blood from the arteries

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

capillaries tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules

venules small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries

into the veins

veins vessels that carry blood to the heart from the

venules

(continued)(continued)

Coronary ArteriesCoronary Arteries

Blood and Lymph CirculationBlood and Lymph Circulation

ArteriesArteries

VeinsVeins

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries, veins and heart chambers

Determined by the volume of blood, the space within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of the heart contractions

Blood Pressure TermsBlood Pressure Terms

diastole period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the

relaxed ventricles from the atria

systole period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in

contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery

normotension normal blood pressure

Blood Pressure TermsBlood Pressure Terms

hypotension low blood pressure

hypertension high blood pressure

(continued)(continued)

Blood Pressure DeterminationBlood Pressure Determination

Conditions Causing Reduction Conditions Causing Reduction of Blood Flowof Blood Flow

Types of AneurysmsTypes of Aneurysms

Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease