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Cardiovascular System and Blood Dr. Michael P. Gillespie Slide 2 2 Identify terms relating to the composition, formation, and function of blood. Differentiate among the different types of blood groups. Identify terms related to blood clotting. Build words and recognize combining forms used in blood system terminology. Slide 3 3 Describe various pathologic conditions affecting blood. Describe various laboratory tests and clinical procedures used with hematologic disorders, and recognize relevant abbreviations. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records. Slide 4 4 Blood: Transports foods, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body Other transported items: chemical messengers blood proteins, white blood cells, and platelets Slide 5 5 cells plasma water proteins sugar salts hormones vitamins Slide 6 6 Erythrocytes: red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen Leukocytes: white blood cells Thrombocytes: platelets; clot blood Slide 7 7 Leukocytes: or white blood cells basophils: contain heparin (prevents clotting) and histamine (involved in allergic responses) eosinophils: phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections neutrophils: phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection monocytes: phagocytic cells that become macrophage and digest bacteria and tissue debris lymphocytes: control the immune response; make antibodies to antigens Slide 8 8 Slide 9 9 Slide 10 10 Plasma Proteins albumin globulins: immunoglobulins (IgG,IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) fibrinogen prothrombin Slide 11 11 Type A: A antigen and anti-B antibody Type B: B antigen and anti-A antibody Type AB: A and B antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient) Type O: no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donor) Rh factor (positive and negative) Slide 12 12 Coagulation: fibrin clot Anticoagulants: heparin, warfarin (Coumadin) Slide 13 13 1.The blood contains the following to transport oxygen: A.white blood cells B.plasma C.platelets D.red blood cells Slide 14 14 2. Blood contains these clotting cells: A.erythrocytes B.plasma C.thrombocytes D.leukocytes Slide 15 15 bas/obase chrom/ocolor coagul/oclotting cyt/ocell eosin/ored, dawn, rosy erythr/ored Combining FormMeaning Slide 16 16 granul/ogranules hem/o blood hemat/oblood hemoglobin/ohemoglobin is/osame, equal kary/onucleus Combining FormMeaning Slide 17 17 leuk/owhite mon/oone, single morph/oshape, form myel/obone marrow neutr/oneutral nucle/onucleus Combining FormMeaning Slide 18 18 phag/oeat, swallow poikil/ovaried, irregular sider/oiron spher/oglobe, round thromb/oclot Combining FormMeaning Slide 19 19 -apheresis -blast -cyte -cytosis -emia -globin -globulin -lytic -oid -osis -penia -phage -philia -phoresis -poiesis -stasis Slide 20 20 Anemia: Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin Other types of anemia: aplastic anemia hemolytic anemia pernicious anemia sickle cell anemia thalassemia Slide 21 21 Aplastic anemia: failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells Hemolytic anemia: reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction Pernicious anemia: lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B 12 into the body Slide 22 22 sickle cell : a hereditary disease characterized by abnormal shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis thalassemia : an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin hemochromatosis : excess iron deposits throughout the body polycythemia vera : general increase in red blood cells Slide 23 23 3. What is the most common type of anemia? A.hemolytic anemia B.sickle cell anemia C.iron deficiency anemia D.aplastic anemia Slide 24 24 Slide 25 25 hemophilia: Excessive bleeding caused by the lack of one of the protein substances necessary for blood clotting purpura: Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin Slide 26 26 leukemia: An increase in cancerous white blood cells acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) Slide 27 27 Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Slide 28 28 granulocytosis: Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood mononucleosis: An infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes Slide 29 29 multiple myeloma: Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Malignant cells destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins. Slide 30 30 antiglobulin test bleeding time coagulation time complete blood count (CBC) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) hematocrit (Hct) hemoglobin test (H, Hg, HGB) partial thromboplastin time (PTT) Slide 31 31 platelet count prothrombin time (PT) red blood cell count (RBC) red blood cell morphology white blood cell count (WBC) white blood cell differential Slide 32 32 apheresis: Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select part from the blood blood transfusion: Whole blood or cells taken from a donor and infused into a patient bone marrow biopsy: Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle hematopoietic stem cell transplant: Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor administered into a recipients vein Slide 33 33 COMBINING FORMS bas/o_________ chrom/o _________ Coagul/o_________ cyt/o _________ eosin/o _________ erythr/o_________ Combining Form Meaning Slide 34 34 COMBINING FORMS bas/obase chrom/ocolor coagul/oclotting cyt/ocell eosin/ored, dawn, rosy erythr/ored Combining FormMeaning Combining Form Meaning Slide 35 35 COMBINING FORMS granul/o_________ hem/o _________ hemat/o_________ hemoglobin/o_________ is/o_________ kary/o_________ Combining FormMeaning Combining Form Meaning Slide 36 36 COMBINING FORMS granul/ogranules hem/o blood hemat/oblood hemoglobin/ohemoglobin is/osame, equal kary/onucleus Combining FormMeaning Combining Form Meaning Slide 37 37 COMBINING FORMS leuk/o _________ mon/o_________ morph/o_________ myel/o _________ neutr/o_________ nucle/o_________ Combining Form Meaning Slide 38 38 COMBINING FORMS leuk/owhite mon/o one, single morph/oshape, form myel/o bone marrow neutr/o neutral nucle/onucleus Combining Form Meaning Slide 39 39 COMBINING FORMS phag/o _______________ poikil/o _______________ sider/o _______________ spher/o_______________ thromb/o_______________ Combining FormMeaning Combining Form Meaning Slide 40 40 COMBINING FORMS phag/oeat, swallow poikil/ovaried, irregular sider/oiron spher/oglobe, round thromb/oclot Combining FormMeaning Combining Form Meaning