cardiovascular system
DESCRIPTION
Organelle. Atoms. Molecule. Smooth muscle cell. Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. 2. Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. 1. Smooth muscle tissue. Cardiovascular system. Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. 3. Heart. Blood vessels. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Cardiovascularsystem
OrganelleMoleculeAtoms
Chemical levelAtoms combine to form molecules.
Cellular levelCells are made up ofmolecules.
Tissue levelTissues consist of similartypes of cells.
Organ levelOrgans are made up of different typesof tissues.
Organ system levelOrgan systems consist of differentorgans that work together closely.
Organismal levelThe human organism is made upof many organ systems.
Smooth muscle cell
Smooth muscle tissue
Connective tissue
Blood vessel (organ)
HeartBloodvessels
Epithelialtissue
Smooth muscle tissue
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Figure 1.1
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Digestive system Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces)
Respiratory systemTakes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide
Food O2 CO2
Cardiovascular systemVia the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs
Interstitial fluid
Nutrients
Urinary systemEliminates nitrogenouswastes andexcess ions
Nutrients and wastes pass between blood and cells via the interstitial fluid
Integumentary system Protects the body as a whole from the external environment
Blood
Heart
Feces Urine
CO2O2
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Necessary Life Functions
1. Maintaining boundaries between internal and external environments
2. Movement (contractility)
3. Responsiveness: The ability to sense and respond to stimuli
4. Digestion
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Necessary Life Functions
5. Metabolism: All chemical reactions that occur in body cells
6. Excretion: The removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth: Increase in size of a body part or of organism
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Survival Needs
1. Nutrients
2. Oxygen3. Water4. Normal body temperature5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure
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Homeostasis
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Stimulusproduceschange invariable.
BALANCE
IMBALANCE
IMBALANCE
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Figure 1.4, step 1
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Stimulusproduceschange invariable.
Receptordetectschange.
Receptor
BALANCE
IMBALANCE
IMBALANCE
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2
Figure 1.4, step 2
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Stimulusproduceschange invariable.
Receptordetectschange.
Input: Informationsent along afferentpathway to controlcenter.
Receptor
ControlCenter
BALANCE
Afferentpathway
IMBALANCE
IMBALANCE
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2
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Figure 1.4, step 3
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Stimulusproduceschange invariable.
Receptordetectschange.
Input: Informationsent along afferentpathway to controlcenter.
Output:Information sent alongefferent pathway toeffector.
Receptor Effector
ControlCenter
BALANCE
Afferentpathway
Efferentpathway
IMBALANCE
IMBALANCE
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Figure 1.4, step 4
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Stimulusproduceschange invariable.
Receptordetectschange.
Input: Informationsent along afferentpathway to controlcenter.
Output:Information sent alongefferent pathway toeffector.
Responseof effectorfeeds backto reducethe effect ofstimulusand returnsvariable tohomeostaticlevel.
Receptor Effector
ControlCenter
BALANCE
Afferentpathway
Efferentpathway
IMBALANCE
IMBALANCE
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Figure 1.4, step 5
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Sweat glands activated
Shiveringbegins
StimulusBody temperaturerises BALANCE
Information sentalong the afferentpathway to controlcenter
Information sentalong the afferentpathway to controlcenter
Afferentpathway
Afferentpathway
Efferentpathway
Efferentpathway
Information sentalong the efferentpathway toeffectors
Information sentalong the efferentpathway to effectors
StimulusBody temperature falls
ReceptorsTemperature-sensitivecells in skin and brain
ReceptorsTemperature-sensitivecells in skin and brain
EffectorsSweat glands
EffectorsSkeletal muscles
Control Center(thermoregulatory
center in brain)
Control Center(thermoregulatory
center in brain)
ResponseEvaporation of sweatBody temperature falls;stimulus ends
ResponseBody temperature rises;stimulus ends
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Feedback cycle endswhen plug is formed.
Positive feedbackcycle is initiated.
Positivefeedbackloop
Break or tearoccurs in bloodvessel wall.
Plateletsadhere to siteand releasechemicals.
Releasedchemicalsattract moreplatelets.
Platelet plugforms.
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Figure 1.6