CARDIOVASCULAR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, GENETIC DISEASE, GENETIC ALTERATIONS, AND ALTERATIONS, AND

GENE THERAPYGENE THERAPYBY:BY:

Mary Harrell, Farah Fevrier, Kareen Mary Harrell, Farah Fevrier, Kareen Carty, Daniel Omotola, and Trey Carty, Daniel Omotola, and Trey

PalmerPalmer

PROBLEMPROBLEM

With human gene mapping With human gene mapping complete, does prevention of complete, does prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), the nation’s leading killer, lie the nation’s leading killer, lie within human genes?within human genes?

PROBLEMPROBLEM Risk Factors For Risk Factors For

CVDCVD– Tobacco UseTobacco Use– HypertensionHypertension– High Levels of High Levels of

CholesterolCholesterol– Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity– DiabetesDiabetes– High Triglyceride High Triglyceride

LevelsLevels

– ObesityObesity– Psychological & Psychological &

Social FactorsSocial Factors– HeredityHeredity– AgingAging– MaleMale– EthnicityEthnicity– Syndrome XSyndrome X

PROBLEMPROBLEM Risk Factors For Risk Factors For

CVDCVD– Tobacco UseTobacco Use– HeredityHeredity– High Levels of High Levels of

CholesterolCholesterol– Physical InactivityPhysical Inactivity– DiabetesDiabetes– High Triglyceride High Triglyceride

LevelsLevels

– ObesityObesity– Psychological & Psychological &

Social FactorsSocial Factors– HypertensionHypertension– AgingAging– MaleMale– EthnicityEthnicity– Syndrome XSyndrome X

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND INFORMATIONINFORMATION

Facts about Cardiovascular DiseaseFacts about Cardiovascular Disease– Mortality of CVD is 1½ times that of cancerMortality of CVD is 1½ times that of cancer– Quality of life diminished for 25% of populationQuality of life diminished for 25% of population– Strokes account for 1/6 of all CVD Strokes account for 1/6 of all CVD

hospitalizationshospitalizations– Congestive heart failure is most frequent cause Congestive heart failure is most frequent cause

of hospital visits by people over 65of hospital visits by people over 65– Impact is far reachingImpact is far reaching

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONSPOSSIBLE SOLUTIONS Gene TransferGene Transfer ModificationModification

– Genetically defective contractile proteinsGenetically defective contractile proteins– Myocardial cellsMyocardial cells– Cardiac protein profile to rebuild muscleCardiac protein profile to rebuild muscle– Enhance contractilityEnhance contractility

ReplacementReplacement– Artherosclerosis preventionArtherosclerosis prevention

RegrowthRegrowth– Alternatives to invasive surgeryAlternatives to invasive surgery– Repair damaged tissue and improve heart function after Repair damaged tissue and improve heart function after

infarctioninfarction

BEST SOLUTIONBEST SOLUTION Regrowth with the use of Stem CellsRegrowth with the use of Stem Cells

– Proven successful on miceProven successful on mice– Testing on non-human primates to beginTesting on non-human primates to begin– Angiogenesis “opens up” blocked Angiogenesis “opens up” blocked

vesselsvessels– Effectiveness on cardiac muscleEffectiveness on cardiac muscle

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION With human gene mapping complete, With human gene mapping complete,

does prevention of cardiovascular does prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the nation’s leading disease (CVD), the nation’s leading killer, lie within human genes?killer, lie within human genes?

Push for gene therapy with stem cells Push for gene therapy with stem cells on humanson humans

REFERENCESREFERENCES1.1. Core Concepts In Health, by Insel & Roth pgs. Core Concepts In Health, by Insel & Roth pgs.

10, 428-436, 446, 454, 48310, 428-436, 446, 454, 4832.2. Primary site – CVD/gene therapy paper Primary site – CVD/gene therapy paper

http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~ed170793/paper.htmhttp://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~ed170793/paper.htm

3.3. Common viriants of most human genes Common viriants of most human genes www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/hgn/v10n1/13lander.htmlwww.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/hgn/v10n1/13lander.html

4.4. Understanding DNA variations Understanding DNA variations www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/hgn/v10n1/06snps.htmlwww.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/hgn/v10n1/06snps.html

5.5. Explaining the human genome project Explaining the human genome project www.nhgri.nih.gov/Policy_and_public_affairs/Communicatiwww.nhgri.nih.gov/Policy_and_public_affairs/Communications/Publications/Maps_to_medicine/about/htmlons/Publications/Maps_to_medicine/about/html

REFERENCESREFERENCES6. 6. Angiogenesis Angiogenesis

www.bioportfolio.com/news/leaddiscovery_10.htmwww.bioportfolio.com/news/leaddiscovery_10.htm

7. 7. Stem cells Stem cells www.genome.gov/page.cfm?www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000345pageID=10000345

8. 8. Gene clues and CVD Gene clues and CVD www.the-aps.org/press_room?release2-19-02.htmwww.the-aps.org/press_room?release2-19-02.htm

9.9. Use of stem cellls on mice Use of stem cellls on mice www.seniors.gov/articles/0401/heartattackwww.seniors.gov/articles/0401/heartattack