cardiac biophysics. heart pump of the circulatory system number of contractions expelled blood...
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![Page 1: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cardiac biophysics
![Page 2: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
HeartPump of the circulatory
system
Number of contractions
Expelled blood volume
1 min ~70 ~6 l
1 day ~100.000 ~8600 l
Life(70 yrs)
~2.5 x 109 ~220 x 106 l
![Page 3: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cardiac biophysics
1. Structure of the heart2. Coordinated
contraction3. Cardiac cycle4. Work of the heart
![Page 4: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Structure of the human heart
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Right atrium
Aorta A. pulmonalis
Septum
Mitral (bicuspid)valve
Tricuspidvalve
Aortavalve
Bulbusaortae
![Page 5: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Functional structure of the heart
myocyte
Structural andfunctional unit:
sarcomere
M-lineTitin(spring function)
Z-line Thinfilament(actin)
Thickfilament(myosin)
Z-line
![Page 6: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Activation of coordinated contractions
Sinus node
AV node(Tawara-Aschoff)
His-bundle
Tawara-bundles
Purkinje-fibers
P
Q
R
S
T
t (s)
mV mm
0,08 s
0,15 s 0,08 s ST
10 mm (1 mV)
3.5mm
EKG
![Page 7: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The cardiac cycle
systole diastole
atrium 0,1 s 0,7 s
ventricle 0,3 s 0,5 s
Beats per minute (1/min)
Contraction (systole) - relaxation (diastole) cycle of the heart
![Page 8: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Events of the cardiac cycle
Pressure
FlowIntensity
Aorta
Left ventricle
Bulbus aortae
A. pulmonalis
Right ventricle
Semilunar valveAtrioventricular valve
Pressure
Time
1-3: ventricular systole3-1: ventricular diastole
1-2: pre-ejection period (PEP) 2-3: ejection period (EP) 3-4: isovolumetric relaxation (IVR) 4-1: ventricular filling (VF)
![Page 9: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pressure-volume diagram of left ventricle
Mm=IsovolumetricPressure maximum
Mb=IsobaricVolume minimum
R=Relaxed ventricle
Residualvolume
Strokevolume
PEP
EP
IVR
VF
![Page 10: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Work of the heart
(work of left ventricle)
L pV 1
2mv2
pV=static (volumetric) component1/2mv2=dynamic componentp=pressureV=stroke volume
Indicator diagram:Simplified pressure-volume relationship
V (ml)
P (kPa)
130
16
50
10,6
0
L
13,3103N /m2 0,0810 3m3 1
20,08kg 1m /s 2 1,06Nm 0,04Nm1,1J
PEPIVR
VF
EP
![Page 11: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Adjustment of stroke volumeFrank-Starling mechanism
Work of heartagainst increased presssure
Compensatitoryincrease instroke volume
![Page 12: Cardiac biophysics. Heart Pump of the circulatory system Number of contractions Expelled blood volume 1 min ~70~6 l 1 day ~100.000~8600 l Life (70 yrs)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dc55503460f94ab7fb9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cardiac biophysics
1. Structure of the heart2. Coordinated
contraction3. Cardiac cycle4. Work of the heart