carcinogens and mutagens in ambient air particulate …

CADOHAIHLSP-35

CARCINOGENS AND MUTAGENS IN AMBIENT AIR PARTICULATE MATTER SOURCES AND TRENDS IN CONTRA COSTA COUNTY

Contract No ARB Al-162-32

Final Report

June 1985

Prepared by

P Flessel G Guirguis K Chang J Cheng J Lecocq W Lu K Liu and J Wesolowski

Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory California State Department of Health Services

2151 Berkeley Way Berkeley California 94704

and

N Kado Research Division

California Air Resources Board PO Box 2815

Sacramento California 95812

Prepared for California Air Resources Board Research Division PO Box 2815 Sacramento California 95812 Charles Unger Project Officer

The statements and conclusions in this report are those of

the Contractor and not necessarily those of the State Air

Resources Board The mention of commercial products their

source or their use in connection with material reported

herein is not to be construed as either an actual or implied

endorsement of such products

-ii-

ABSTRACT

Many mutagens and carcinogens are known to be present in urban community air

Extensive chemical and biological characterization of these atmospheric pollutants is

essential if accurate risk assessments are to be made and effective control strategies

developed This report describes progress in three areas of this complex environmental

problem 1 the development of more sensitive methods for measuring aerosol mutagens

2 the identification of sources of mutagens and 3 the analysis of trends in mutagen

and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in particulate organic matter (POM)

bull A highly sensitive version of the Ames Salmonella test called the microsuspension

test was applied to measure the mutagenic activity in organic extracts of community

aerosols Application of the microsuspension Ames test made possible high resolution

diurnal studies of mutagenicity in small air samples of only 2 hours duration Diurnal

variations in mutagenic density (revertantsm3) of more than a factor of 10 were

observed and these variations were highly correlated with fine fraction lead (Pb) in

a pilot field study The test can be applied in future studies were sample mass is

a limiting factor

bull The origins of mutagens in POM were investigated further by sampling in Contra

Costa County during six seasonal pollution episodes each of 36 hours duration in

1982-1984 Samples were collected at four locations (Richmond Martinez Concord

Pittsburg) and analyzed for mutagenic activity in the Ames test for PAH oxyanions

(N0 - so =) pollutant gases (CO NO N02

o3

so ) and elemental source tracers3 4 2

(including Pb Br Ni Fe and K) Diurnal geographic and seasonal comparisons

were made Statistical techniques including principal component (factor) analysis

were used to explore relationships between aerosol mutagens PAH and source tracers

The results confirmed earlier observations and provided some new insights into the

sources of aerosol mutagens

(i) Several lines of evidence indicate that some mutagenic aerosols are primary

automotive pollutants emitted directly into the atmosphere

-iii-

a In this present and previous Contra Costa studies mutagenic density

and PAH were significantly positively correlated with fine fraction

( lt 25 micromd ) Pb andor Br both derived primarily from motor a

vehicles

b Chemical analysis by other investigators has identified mutagens

(various PAH and nitroarenes) in on-road vehicle particulate

emissions as well as other combustion source particulate matter

c Studies of upwind-downwind freeway data in Los Angeles by Stateshy

wide Air Pollution Research Center (SAPRC) s~ientists have demonshy

strated an incremental burden of direct mutagens in aerosol attrishy

butable to freeway traffic The amount was comparable to the

area wide background mutagen density

(ii) Many results suggest that some mutagens behave as secondary aerosols

The hypothesis that some mutagenic aerosols are formed in the atmosphere

is supported by the following evidence

a During pollutation episodes in Contra Costa County mutagens were

positively correlated with N03- assumed to be a secondary aerosol

tracer The association of mutagenicity with N0 occurred areashy3

-

wide

3b SAPRC scientists observed that ratios of mutagen densities (revm )

to CO were generally higher at Riverside California a downwind

receptor site than at El Monte an intermediate receptor site in

the Los Angeles basin Since CO is an unreactive combustion

emission the mutagen densityCO ratio takes into account variations

in emissions and atmospheric dispersion Higher ratios at Riverside

suggest atmospheric mutagen formation during aerosol transport

from Los Angeles

c The ratios of mutagenic densities to Pb which we have measured

in Contra Costa County in this and a previous study were highest

-iv-

during summer episodes when the prevailing atmospheric conditions

(ie hot dry stagnant) favored chemical transformations Since

Pb like CO is an unreacti ve emission the mutagenic densityPb

ratio should take into account variations in automotive emission

profiles and dispersion Thus the high ratios during episodes in

August 1981 and September 1983 may reflect atmospheric mutagen

formation

d Smog chamber studies have demonstrated the formation of nitroshy

PAH mutagens Mutagenicity of some nitro-PAHs exceed the

mutagenicity of the parent PAH by several orders of magnitude in

laboratory analysis Some of these highly mutagenic ni tro-PAHs are

known to be primary pollutants emitted by various combustion

sources However chamber studies have also shown that irradiation

of mixtures of atmospheric hydrocarbons nitric acid (HNO ) and3 reactive gases (NO2 o ) can lead to mutagen formation Thus3 some hydrocarbons may be converted to secondary mutagenic

products under simulated atmospheric conditions

e Measurements in a nitroreductase mutant indicate the likely

presence of nitroarene mutagens Less than 10 of the total

mutagenicity in ambient air samples is due to identified PAH Thus

most of the mutagenicity remains to be explained in chemical

terms A substantial proportion of this excess mutagenicity may

be due to highly mutagenic nitroarenes and derivatives which are

not only ubiquitious primary pollutants but may also be derived

from secondary atmospheric transformations We infer that such

compounds were probably major contributors to the mutagenicity

of Contra Costa aerosols from the fact that mutagenic activities

of aerosol extracts were two to three times lower in a Salmonella

strain (T A98NR) deficient in an enzyme required for some monoshy

ni troarene activation than in the standard tester strain (T A98)

-v-

f Finally measurement artifacts confound the secondary mutagen

hypothesis The positive correlations of mutagenic density with

NO3- and the demonstration that mutagenic organic compounds

can be formed under simulated atmospheric conditions support the

hypothesis of secondary formation of mutagenic aerosols in the

atmosphere The association between mutagens and No3can be

influenced by HNO artifacts produced by sampling on glass fiber3

filters There are two concerns Gas phase HNO can bind to3

glass fiber and artificially increase apparent particulate NO conshy3

centrations More importantly gas phase HNO may catalyze3

chemical tranformations of PAH to produce highly mutagenic nitroshy

aromatic compounds during sample collection on glass fiber The

significance of these potential artifacts cannot be assessed

accurately at present

(iii) For the first time in Contra Costa County industrial contributions to

mutagenic aerosols were suggested by significant positive correlations

between mutagenic density and S (both fine fraction S and so ) at2

Richmond and Martinez Sulfur oxides are major air pollutants in the

vicinity of large oil refineries and chemical plants in Contra Costa County

The major industrial sources of so are refineries in Richmond (Chevron)2

Martinez (Shell Tosco) and Benicia (Exxon) and a chemical plant in Rodeo

(Union)

bull Routine collection and analysis of 4 month seasonal composite filter samples was

carried out in Contra Costa County between 1979-1984 The three periods were

Nov-Feb March-June and July-Oct These periods approximate the three meteoroshy

logical seasons in the area

This monitoring effort demonstrated that levels of most aerosol pollutants including

mutagens and PAH were highest in the winter (Nov-Feb)

A prime goal of the monitoring was to detect any time trends which may have

occurred Monitoring did indeed reveal a positive trend in the concentration of

mutagenic aerosols despite decreasing or constant levels of the other pollutants

-vi-

3measured The annual average increased from 5 revertantsm in 1979-80 to 19

revertantsm 3 in 1983-84 A three to four-fold increase in mutagenic density (from 3 38 revertantsm to 27 revertantsm ) was observed over the five winter seasons

Values in the spring increased from 2 to 18 revertantsm 3 while summertime values 3increased by more than a factor of two from 5 to 13 revertantsm Further

monitoring is needed to determine the persistence of these trends

-vii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract iii

Ac know ledge ments xii

List of Figures xiii

List of Tables xvii

CHAPTER I PROJECT SUMMARY 1

A Introduction and Statement of the Problem 1

B Project Objectives 2

C Experimental Approach 3

D Summary of Findings 5

E Recommendations for Future Research 9

-viii-

CHAPTER II APPLICATION OF A SALMONELLA MICROSUSPENSION

PROCEDURE TO THE MEASUREMENT OF MUTAGENIshy

CITY IN AIR PARTICULATE MATTER HIGH RESOshy

LUTION DIURNAL VARIATIONS 11

A Summary 11

B Introduction 12

C Materials and Methods 13

D Results and Discussion 16

E Conclusions 21

CHAPTER III SOURCES OF MUTA GENS AND POLYCYCLIC AROMA TIC

HYDROCARBONS (PAH) IN CONTRA COSTA COMMUNITY

AEROSOLS DURING POLLUTION EPISODES DIURNAL

GEOGRAPHIC AND EPISODE VARIATIONS 22

A Introduction 22

B Experimental Methods 22

C Results and Discussion 26

-ix-

26

CHAPTER IV

REFERENCES

l Meteorological Conditions During Episodes

2 Combined Episode Data with Diurnal Comparisons 28

3 Geographic Differences 38

4 Episode Comparisons 41

0 Conclusions 44

SEASONAL VARIATIONS AND TRENDS IN THE

CONCENTRATIONS OF MUTA GENS AND PAH IN

CONTRA COST A COUNTY COMMUNITY AIR 46

A Introduction 46



0 Conclusions 54

56

-x-

62 APPENDICES

APPENDIX I Wind Speed and Direction at the Mountain View Sewage

Treatment Plant Martinez During Six Sampling

Episodes (1982-1984)

APPENDIX II San Francisco Bay Area Weather Factors During Six

Sampling Episodes (1982-1984)

APPENDIX III Complete Correlation Matrices for Combined Episodes

Daytime and Nighttime Samples and the Four Stations

APPENDIX IV Complete Data Set for Contra Costa Seasonal

Composites Nov 1979-0ct 1984

APPENDIX V Linear Regression Slopes of Composite Aerosol Pollutant

Data 1979-1984 Year versus Season and Annual Average

-xi-

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Once more the authors gratefully acknowledge the continuing collaboration of J

Sandberg D Levaggi W Siu H Chew R England A Fredenberg N Balberan and

their colleagues of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) who

furnished sampling sites skillfully provided forecasts and collected many of the air

samples Thanks again to R Brown and the Mountain View Sanitary District Martinez

for hospitality in providing a sampling site

We wish to express our appreciation to the following staff of the Air and Industrial

Hygiene Laboratory who provided consultation and performed chemical determinations

S Twiss W Wehrmeister A Cartano Z Ilejay F Boo N Fansah E Jeung E

Hoff er and A Alcocer We also thank R Giaque of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

LBL who performed the trace element analysis and J Jaklevic and B Loo (LBL) who

provided the Automatic Dichomotous Samplers

Finally we thank Project Officer C Unger for his direction and encouragement

This report was submitted in fulfillment of Interagency Agreement No Al-162-32

Carcinogens and Mutagens in Ambient Particulate Matter by the California Department

of Health Services under the sponsorship of the California Air Resources Board Work

was completed as of May 31 1985

-xii-

LIST OF FIGURES

I-1 Structure and Nomenclature of 10 POMs la

I-2 Locations of Sampling

County California

Stations in Contra Costa

3d

I-3 Logistical Plan for Analysis of Hi-Volume Air

Filters Collected in Contra Costa County for

Seasonal Composites 4a

II-1 Dose-response curves for composite hi-vol air

particle extract Determined using the plate

incorporation test and microsuspension procedure

with (a) and without (b) rat liver 59 17b

II-2 Diurnal variations of mutagenicity of fine airborne

particles collected in Rodeo California and

measured in the microsuspension assay 18a

Il-3 Diurnal Variation of Mutagenicity of fine airborne

particles collected in Berkeley and measured in

the microsuspension assay with (a) and without

(b) addition of rat liver 59 19a

II-4 Diurnal variation of mutagenicity of fine airshy

borne particles collected in Martinez California

and measured in the microsuspension assay TA98

with 59 (a) T A98 without 59 (b) T A98NR withshy

out 59 (c) 19b

Il-5 Correlation of airborne lead and mutagenicity

measured in the microsuspension assay from fine

particles collected at Martinez California r = 092 20b

-xiii-

IV-1 Lead Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations

Lead concentrations were measured every sixth day at

each of three stations and the results average over four

month seasons (July-October November-February

March-June) 50a

IV-2 Nitrate Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations

Nitrate concentrations were measured every sixth day at



March-June) 50b

IV-3 TSP Mass Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations

Total suspended particulate mass concentrations were

measured every sixth day at each of three stations and the

results averaged over four month seasons (July-October

November-February March-June) 50c

IV-4 Sulfate Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations

Sulfate concentrations were measured every sixth day at

each of three stations and the results averaged over four


March-June) 50d

IV-5 Organics Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations

Benzene soluble organic concentrations were measured every

sixth day at each of three stations and the results averaged

over four month seasons (July-October November-February

March-June) 50e

IV-6 Benzo(a)pyrene Seasonal Composites Average of Three

Stations BAP concentrations were measured in

seasonal composite extracts prepared from hi-vol filters

collected every sixth day at three stations Separate station

composites were prepared by combining pieces of filters every

four months and extracting Composite values at the three

stations were averaged to obtain the seasonal composite 50f

-xiv-

IV-7 Coronene Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations

Coronene concentrations were measured in seasonal composite

extracts prepared from hi-vol filters collected every sixth day

at three stations Separate station composites were prepared by

combining pieces of filters every four months and extracting

Composite values at the three stations were averaged

to obtain the seasonal composite 50g

IV-8 Benzanthrone Seasonal Composites Average of Three

Stations Benzanthrone concentrations were measured in





stations were averaged to obtain the seasonal composite 50h

IV-9 Mutagenic Density (TA98-S9) Seasonal Composites Average

of Three Stations Mutagenic densities (-59) were measured

in seasonal composite extracts prepared from hi-vol filters


composites were prepared by combining pieces of filters

every four months and extracting Composite values at the

three stations were averaged to obtain the seasonal composite 50i

IV-10 Mutagenic Density (Ta98+59) Seasonal Composites Average

of Three Stations Mutagenic densities (+59) were measured





stati ans were average to obtain the seasonal composite 50j

IV-11 Mutagenic Density Trends for Nov-Feb Average of

Three Stations Trends in mutagenic density for the five

winter seasons 1979-1984 are compared by linear regression

analyses For TA98+S9 r=085 and b(slope)= 40 revyr

For TA98-S9 r=079 and b=l9 revyr 50k

-xv-

IV-12 Mutagenic Density Trends for March-June Average of


spring seasons 1979-1984 are compared by linear regression

analysis For TA98+S9 r= 095 and b(slope) = 39 revyro

For TA98-S9 r=091 and b = 19 revyr 501

IV-13 Mutagenic Density Trends for July-Oct Average

of Three Stations Trends in mutagenic density for the

five summer seasons 1979-1984 are compared by linear

regression analysis For TA98+S9 r=083 and b(slope)=

20 revyr For TA98-S9 r=095 and b=ll revyr 50m

IV-14 Seasonal Composite Trends for TA98NRTA98 Average

of Three Stations Five year trends in the mutagenic

density ratio TA98NR(-S9)TA98(-S9) are compared by season 50n

-xvi-

LIST OF TABLES

I-1 Acronyms for Air Pollutant Variables used in the

Analysis and Interpretation of Contra Costa Data 3a

1-2 Methods used for Collection and Analysis of

Particulate and Gaseous Air Pollutants 3b

I-3 Sampling and Analytical Plan for Mutagen Source

Identification 3c

II-1 Comparative Mutagenic Activity of Mutagens in the

Plate Incorporation and Microsuspension Procedures 16a

II-2 Comparison of Direct Mutagenic Activity of 2-Nitroshy

fluorene 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide and Composite

Berkeley Air Filter Extract in T A98 and T A98NR

as determined by the Microsuspension Procedure 17a

Il-3 Mutagenicity of Particles Collected by Hi-Volume

and Dichotomous Air Samplers run in parallel at

Martinez California 20a

III-1 Summary Statistics for Air Pollutants from

Episodes Combined Data 1982middot1984

Six

29a

lll-2 Summary Statistics for Air Pollutants from

Episodes Combined Data 1981-1982

Three

29b


Episodes Daytime Samples 1982-1984

Six

32a


Episodes Nighttime Samples 1982-1984

Six

32b

-xvii-

III-5 Correlations between Mutagenic Density (revm3)

Selected PAH and Air Pollutants Combined

Episode Data 1982-1984 32c

IIl-6 Correlations between Mutagenic Density (revm3)

Selected PAH and Air Pollutants Daytime

Samples 1982-1984 32d


Selected PAH and Air Pollutants Nighttime

Samples 1982-1984 32e

III-8 Principal Component Factors for Particulate Air

Pollutants Combined Episode Data 1982-1984 (N = 71) 33a


Pollutants Daytime Samples 1982-1984 (N = 27) 33b


Pollutants Nighttime Samples 1982-1984 (N = 44) 33c


Pollutants Combined Episode Data Including

Mutagenic Density (+S9) 34a


Pollutants Daytime Samples Including Mutagenic

Density (+S9) 34b


Pollutants Nighttime Samples Including Mutagenic

Density (+S9) 34c

-xviii-


Pollutants Combined Episode Data Including Coronene 36a



Benzanthrone 36b


during Six Episodes 1982-1984

Richmond

38a



Martinez

38b



Concord

38c

III-19 Summary Statistics for Air Pollutants from Pittsburg

during Six Episodes 1982-1984 38d


Selected PAH and Air Pollutants during Episodes

at Richmond 40a

IIT-21 Correlations between Mutagenic Density (revm 3)


at Martinez 40b



at Concord 40c

-xix-



at Pittsburg 40d

III-24 Summary Statistics for Air Pollutants from Episode I 41a

III-25 Summary Statistics for Air Pollutants from Episode II 41b

III-26 Summary Statistics for Air Pollutants from Episode III 41c

III-27 Summary Statistics for Air Pollutants from Episode IV 41d

III-28 Summary Statistics for Air Pollutants from Episode V 4le

IIl-29 Summary Statistics for Air Pollutants from Episode VI 4lf


Selected PAH and Air Pollutants from Episode I 43a


Selected PAH and Air Pollutants from Episode II 43b

Ill-32 Correlations between Mutagenic Density (revm3)

Selected PAH and Air Pollutants from Episode III 43c

III-33 3Correlations between Mutagenic Density (revm )

Selected PAH and Air Pollutants from Episode IV 43d

Ill-34 3Correlations between Mutagenic Density (revm )

Selected PAH and Air Pollutants from Episode V 43e


Selected PAH and Air Pollutants from Episode VI 43f

-xx-

IV-1 Mean Concentrations of Air Pollutants Sampled

three Contra Costa Stations November 1979-

June 1984

at

48a

IV-2 Seasonal Variations in Contra Costa Air Pollutant

Concentrations (Three Station Averages) November

1979-June 1984 48b

IV-3 Composite Mutagenicity Trend

Data Stratified by Location 500

IV-4 Composite Mutagenicity Data Stratified

by Season and Location 50p

IV-5 Linear Regression Analysis of Composite

Mutagenicity Data (Mutagenicity Density

in TA98 +S9) Year versus

Location and Season 50q

-xxi-

D-IAPTER I

PROJECT SUMMARY

A Introduction and Statement of the Problem

A variety of chemical mutagens and carcinogens are known to be present in

particulate matter in urban community air (1-9) Recent epidemiological conshy

clusions place the number Cgtf cancer deaths in the US due to environmental

pollution (air water and soil) at 8000 annually (7) It has been estimated that

outdoor community air pollution alone may be the cause of about 15 of the

present lung cancer cases among non-smoking residents in Contra Costa

County (8) neglecting contributions from indoor air pollution Thus it may be

argued that exposure to mutagens and carcinogens in outdoor community air

remains a significant public health concern which warrants continued monitoring

and investigation

Carcinogenic chemicals found in air particulate matter include certain polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and benzo(k)fluoranshy

thene (9) Structures of these and other PAH are shown in Figure I-1 However

these chemicals constitute only a small fraction of the total carcinogenic

potential Organic extracts of ambient particulate organic matter (POM) are

significantly more carcinogenic and mutagenic than expected on the basis of the

amounts of the measured chemicals present (1011) The excess mutagenicity

as defined by the Ames test (12) reflects a significant gap in our knowledge

The gap may be due to our inability until recently to measure small concentrations

of carcinogenic and highly mutagenic nitroarenes (eg 1-nitropyrene) (13) which

are present in diesel exhaust particulates (14) and urban air (151617) These

compounds probably account for a significant portion of the observed mutagenicity

of urban air particulate matter

However the measurement of mutagenicity in a given geographical area and

even the chemical identification of the mutagens present are of limited public

health value unless the major sources of mutagenicity can be identified and

controlled With few exceptions the sources of mutagens and carcinogens in

air particulates are unknown In Contra Costa County for example PAH

-1-

Chrysene Benz(a)anthracene Benzo(e)pyrene

Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo (k )fluoranthene

Dibenz(ah )anthracene Benzo(ghi)perylene Coronene

~ 0

7-H-benz(de)anthracen-7-one

FIGURE I-1 STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE OF 10 POMs

-la-

appeared to be derived principally from vehicular emissions but these compounds

account for less than ten percent of measured mutagenicity (6) Until recently

the principal sources of mutagens remained obscure

Concern about sources of mutagen led to a previous study of mutagens in Contra

Costa County carried out by the Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory (AIHL)

under contract to the California Air Resources Board (CARS) (18) The AIHLshy

CARB project provided the background to the present investigation The previous

study measured the mutagenic activity of ambient aerosol extracts and quantishy

tated a number of organic compounds which contribute to the mutagenicity

Air sampling was carried out during three seasonal pollution episodes in 1981-1982

Solvent extracts of POM were analyzed for mutagenic activity in the Ames

Salmonella test and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by high pressure

liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection Pb Ni Fe N03-

so = o3 CO NO N02 and were also measured Diurnal variations in4 so2 mutagenicity and chemical pollutant concentrations were compared Mutagenicity

was found to be consistently and strongly associated with lead-containing fine

particles (lt 25 micro md ) emitted primarily by gasoline powered vehicles without a

catalysts During a winter inversion possible contributions to PAH from

residential wood combustion were also noted

The previous study also revealed positive correlations between mutagenicity and

nitrates during a summer pollution episode We speculated earlier that this

correlation could reflect chemical formation of nitro PAH compounds in the

atmosphere and suggested that in some respects the formation of mutagenic

aerosols was similar to the formation of photochemical oxidant the effects of

atmospheric dispersion and transformation both need to be considered Since

this suggestion could have policy implications for control of oxides of nitrogen

further investigation was required

B Project Objectives

The present study was designed to followup these earlier leads by addressing

three topics which are critical to a further understanding of mutagens and

carcinogens in community air 1) the validation of a more sensitive method

-2-

for measuring aerosol mutagens 2) the identification of the sources and the

possible routes of atmospheric chemical formation of aerosol mutagens and 3)

the investigation of seasonal variations and the recent trends in airborne mutagen

and PAH concentrations in Contra Costa County between 1979 and 1984

C Experimental Approach

The research carried out under this and the previous CARS-contract (18)

employed a similar experimental approach and methods The abbreviations of

air pollutants and methods used for their collection and analysis are listed in

Tables I-1 and 2

l Application of the Salmonella Microsuspension Procedure to the Measureshy

ment of Mutagenicity in Air Particulate Matter

A simple and highly sensitive version of the Salmonella liquid incubation

assay (19) was validated using pure chemical mutagens and then applied

to the measurement of air particulate mutagenicity These applications

included diurnal studies carried out at several locations In one experiment

selected criteria pollutants (Pb N02 03 so ) were sampled concurrently2 to provide information about sources of mutagens

2 Intensive Sampling for Mutagen and PAH Source Identification

A second focus of the present effort was on source identification Six

pollution periods were sampled intensively to investigate sources of mutashy

gens and PAH The sampling and analytical plan for source identification

is shown in Table I-3 Separate day (0600-1800) and night (1800-0600)

sampling was carried out over 36 hour episodes Episodes were stable

meteorological periods when concentrations of pollutants were relatively

high Samples were collected at four locations (Richmond Martinez

Concord and Pittsburg) in the northern industrialized portion of Contra

Costa County (Figure I-2) The northern section of the county contains

heavy industry including five major petroleum refineries and many chemical

-3-

TABLE 1-1

ACRONYMS FOR AIR POLLUTANT VARIABLES USED IN THE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF CONTRA COSTA DATA

TSP

so= 4

NO -3

ORG

BAP

BKF

BGP

COR

BZO

PBF

BRF

FEF

SIF

KF

ZNF

SF

CLF

M39BPS9

M398MS9

M398NRM

NR98M3

ORG98PS9

ORG98MS9

03 co NO

N02

so2

Total Suspended Particulate Mass

Sulfate Mass

Nitrate Mass

Benzene Soluble Organics

Benzo(a)pyrene

Benzo(k)fluoranthene

Benzo(ghi)perylene

Coronene

Benzanthrone (all isomers)

Fine fraction Lead

Fine fraction Bromine

Fine fraction Iron

Fine fraction Silica

Fine fraction Potassium

Fine fraction Zinc

Fine fraction Sulfur

Fine fraction Chlorine

Revertants per m3 in TA98+S9

Revertants per m3 in TA98-S9 3Revertants per m in TA98NR-S9 3Revertants per m in TA98NRTA98

Revertants per ORG in TA98 + S9

Revertants per ORG in TA89-S9

Ozone

Carbon Monoxide

Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Sulfur dioxide

3microgm 3microgm 3microgm 3microgm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3

ngm 3

ngm 3

ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3revm 3revm 3revm

revmicrog

rev microg

pphm

ppm

pphm

pphm

pphm

-3a-

TABLE 1-2

METHODS USED FOR COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF PARTICULATE

AND GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS

Pollutant Collection (Medium) Analysis

TSP

so -4

N03

ORG

PAH

Mutagens

Trace elements

so2

Pb only

Hi-vol (glass fiber)





Hi-vol (glassmiddot fiber)

Dichotomous (Teflon)


Hi-Vol (glass fiber)

Dasibi Model 1003-AH

Thermal-electron Model 140

Bendix Model 8301-SCA


Gravimetric

Turbidimetric

Colorimetric

Benzene extraction

HPLC - fluorescence

Standard Ames test

Microsuspension Ames test

X-ray fluorescence

II ii

Ultraviolet absorption

Chemiluminescence

Infrared absorption

Fluorescence

-3b-

TABLE 1-3

SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PLAN FOR MUTAGEN SOURCE IDENTIFICATION

Day-Night Collection 6 am -6 pm -

Collect Particulates on

Hi-vol 1 (glass fiber)

Mass Sulfate Nitrate Lead Organics

Hi-vol 2 (glass fiber) Refrigerate immediately

Mutagenicity PAH

Dichotomous Samplers

Agency Performing

Analysis

AIHL AIHL AIHL AIHL Ailll

AIHL AIHL

DHS-LBL

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

(membrane or Teflon filter)

Multielemental analysis

Collect Gas Data

NO X

co

Collect Meteorological Data

Wind direction Wind speed

6 pm 6 am

Analytical Method

Gravimetric Turbidimetric Colorimetric X-ray Fluorescence Benzene Extraction

Ames HPLC

Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Chemiluminescence Photoshymetry

Non-Dispersive Infrashyred Absorption

Fluorescence Photometry

Ultraviolet Absoprtion

-3c-

~ (~ SAN PABLOIi BAY

LOCATIONS OF SAMPLING STATIONS

IN CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CALIFORNIA

FIGURE I-2

-3d-

plants Three of the stations (Richmond Concord Pittsburg) are part of

the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) network

Martinez was a temporary site adjacent to a petrochemical refinery

Each location had samplers to collect air particulate matter for analysis

of mutagenicity PAH trace metals (including Pb Ni K Si) N0 - SO = 3 4

and total mass Gaseous pollutants (CO so2

NO N02 o ) were also3 measured At Martinez wind speed and direction were obtained Chemical

and mutagenicity data were combined using simple and complex statistical

methods in an attempt to identify sources of mutagens and selected PAH

3 Collection and Analysis of Seasonal Composites

To determine seasonal variations and trends samples were collected at

the same three permanent stations of the BAAQMD network (Concord

Pittsburg and Richmond) used for intensive sampling Hi-vol filter samples

were collected every sixth day at each station for routine monitoring

purposes and were analyzed for total suspended particulate (TSP) SO =4

N0 - organics and Pb~ A portion of each filter was composited for PAH3

and mutagenicity testing Each station was composited separately The

logistical plan for analysis of hi-vol filters collected for seasonal composhy

sites is shown in Figure I-3 Filters from each of the three stations were

composited over four-month intervals (July-October November-February

March-June) to give composite samples for analysis These periods

approximate the three meteorological seasons in the San Francisco Bay

air basin and also correspond with those used in our previous studies in

Contra Costa County (18)

Samples collected during the period July 1982-0ctober 1984 were composhy

sited and analyzed for PAH and mutagenic activity When combined with

results of previous studies these provide a continuous data base of the

concentrations of specific PAH and mutagenic activity in Contra Costa

air particulate material collected over five years since November 1979

Results of PAH and mutagenicity measurements in composite samples

were also compared with TSP N0 - so = Pb and total organics on a3 4

season-by-season basis

-4-

I + PJ I

FIGURE I-3 Logistical Plan for Ana1ysis of Hi-Volume Air Filters Col1ected in Contra Costa County for Seasonal Composites

Analyzed for N03 Colorimetrically

SO4 Turbidimetrically (BAAOMD) Analyzed for PAHs

by GC-MS HPLC

(AIHL)

Analyzed for Pb by

X-ray fluorescence (AIHL)

To BAAOMD

i ----

FILTERS 1 Collected 2 Weighed 3 Delivered to AIHL

(BAAOMD)

FILTERS

1 Logged in 2 Deposit area measured 3 Cut and distributed for analysis

(AIHL)

Ar------ -----

Igt

_J_

frac14dt ~--

I

(Supple t ment)

Analyzed for MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY

in the Ames Assay (AIHL)

middot

bull

bullbull

TSP Gravimetrically

(BAAOMD)

~

I

__ Analyzed for BSO by soxhlet extraction

(AIHL)

DATA BANK (AIHL)

1 Results recorded 2 Data key punched and entered

into computer 3 Cumulative results printed out

each 4 months

D Summary of Findings

Efforts to validate and apply a highly sensitive version of the Ames test to air

samples (Chapter II) yielded the following findings

l The 10 fold increased sensitivity of the microsuspension Ames test made

possible high resolution diurnal studies of mutagenicity in small samples

of only 2 hours duration

2 Diurnal variations in mutagenic density (rev m 3) of more than a factor

of 10 were observed

3 Diurnal variations in mutagenic density were highly correlated with fine

fraction Pb in a pilot field study

4 The test can be applied in future studies where sample mass is a limiting

factor

Intensive episode sampling and analysis for source identification (Chapter III)

confirmed earlier observations and provided now new insights into sources of

aerosol mutagens

1 Several lines of evidence indicate that some mutagenic aerosols are primary


a In this and earlier Contra Costa studies mutagens (and PAH) were

significantly correlated with fine fraction Pb and Br indicating

contributions from primary automotive emissions



emissions (20) as well as other combustion source particulate matter

(21)

-5-

c Studies of upwind-downwind freeway data in Los Angeles by

Sweetman et al (22) have demonstrated an incremental burden of

direct mutagens in aerosol attributable to freeway traffic which

was comparable to the area wide background mutagen density

2 Many results suggest that some mutagens behaved as secondary aerosols


is strengthened by the following evidence

a During pollution episodes in Contra Costa County mutagens were

positively correlated with NO-3 assumed to be a secondary aerosol

tracer The association of mutagenicity with NO3 occurred areashy

wide

b Pitts and co-workers (23) observed that ratios of mutagen densities

(rev m3) to CO were generally higher at Riverside a receptor site

than at El Monte an intermediate receptor location in the Los

Angeles basin Since CO is an unreactive combustion emission the

mutagen densityCO ratio takes into account variations in emissions

and atmospheric dispersion Higher ratios at Riverside suggest

atmospheric mutagen formation during aerosol transport from Los

Angeles


in Contra Costa County in this and a previous study (18) were

highest during summer episodes when the prevailing atmospheric

conditions (ie hot dry stagnant) favored chemical transformations

Since Pb like CO is an unreactive emission the mutagenic

density Pb ratio should also take into account variations in (autoshy

motive) emission profiles and dispersion Thus the high ratios during

episodes in August 1981 (18) and September 1983 (shown below)

may reflect atmospheric mutagen formation


PAH and other mutagens Mutagenicity of some nitro-PAHs exceed

-6-

the mutagenicity of the parent PAH by several orders of magnitude

in laboratory analysis Some of these highly mutagenic nitro-PAH

are known to be primary pollutants emitted by various combustion

sources However chamber studies (2425) have also shown that

irradiation of mixtures of atmospheric hydrocarbons nitric acid

(HNO ) and reactive gases (NO2

o ) can lead to mutagen formation3 3 Thus some some hydrocarbons may be converted to secondary

mutagenic products under simulated atmospheric conditions

e Measurements in a nitroreductase mutant indicate the likeley preshy

sence of nitroorganic mutagens Less than 10 of the total




be due to highly mutagenic nitroarenes which are not only ubiquishy

tious primary pollutants but may also be derived from secondary

atmospheric transformations We infer that nitroarenes were

probably major contributors to the mutagenicity of Contra Costa

aerosols from the fact that mutagenic activities of aerosol extracts

were two to three times lower in a Salmonella strain (T A98NR)

deficient in an enzyme for some mononitroarene activation than

in the standard tester strain (TA98) With respect to mutagenicity

of community air collected in other cities this finding is not unique

For example air particulate samples from Los Angeles (23) and

Detroit (26) also showed markedly reduced mutagenic activities in

nitroreductase deficient strains



N3 - and the demonstration that mutagenic organic compounds can

be formed under simulated atmospheric conditions support the


atmosphere However interpretation is complicated by measurement

artifacts in nitrates and nitro-aromatic compounds The association

between mutagens and NO could be influenced by HNO artifacts3 3

-7-

produced by sampling on glass fiber filters There are two concerns

Gas phase HNO can bind to glass fiber and artificially increase3 apparent particulate NO concentrations (27) More importantly

3 -

gas phase HNO may catalyze chemical transformations of PAH3 to produce highly mutagenic nitroaromatic compounds during sample

collection on glass fiber (13) The significance of these potential

artifacts can not be assessed accurately at present

3 For the first time industrial contributions to mutagenic aerosols were

also suggested by significant positive correlations between mutagenic

density and S (both fine fraction S and so ) at Richmond and Martinez2

These sulfur oxides are major air pollutants in the vicinity of large oil

refineries and chemical plants concentrated in Contra Costa County The

major industrial sources are refineries in Richmond (Chevron) Martinez

(Shell Tosco) and Benicia (Exxon) and a chemical plant in Rodeo (Union)

(28)

Routine collection and analysis of seasonal composite filters in Contra Costa

County between 1979-1984 (Chapter IV) revealed both seasonal variations and

trends

1 Concentrations of mutagens PAH and the standard air pollutants (TSP

Pb NO - so =) were highest during the winter (Nov-Feb) season PAH3 4

exhibited the greatest seasonal changes 3-10 fold High wintertime PAH

concentrations could reflect contributions from residential wood combusshy

tion

2 A positive trend in concentrations of mutagenic aerosols (+S9) was found

between 1979 and 1984 For example a nearly four-fold increase in the 3annual average mutagenic density (+S9) from 5 to 19 revm was observed

over the five years of monitoring

3 The positive trend in mutagenicity was in contrast to the fairly constant

(annual average) levels of PAH and the decreasing levels of the standard

pollutants The decrease in Pb was most apparent For example over

-8-

the five winter seasons (1979-1984) Pb decreased from 057+013 ngm 3

3to 027~003 ngm The Pb gasoline phase-out program in the Bay Area

or different meteorological factors for the sampling seasons may be

responsible

E Recommendations for Future Research

The partial answers derived from the present research effort also generated

additional questions for possible future research

Investigation of sources has lead to the suggestion that mutagens may be formed

atmospherically during normal aging of community aerosols Before endorsing

this suggestion further several measurement questions must be addressed As

noted above the apparent association between mutagens and NO could be3 influenced by HNO artifacts produced by sampling on glass fiber filters Gas

3 phase HNO3 can bind to glass fiber and artificially increase apparent particulate

NO -concentrations Appel and co-workers (27) have recently compared artifact3 NO formation on different filter media Laboratory and atmospheric sampling

3 -

studies were performed to evaluate glass fiber and Teflon filters for their

abilities to form artifact particulate nitrate with HNO bull At nitric acid dosages3

representative of those in the atmosphere glass fiber filters retained gt94 of

the HNO and Teflon lt2 of HNO3

3

Gas phase HNO3

may also catalyze chemical transformations of PAH to produce

highly mutagenic nitroaromatic compounds These transformations can occur

both in the atmosphere and on filters during sample collection Pitts et al (13)

first showed the formation of directly mutagenic nitroderivatives from PAH

coated on glass fiber filters and exposed to flows of air containing NO and2

traces of nitric acid Extending this research Pitts and co-workers (23) have

more recently studied sampling artifacts utilizing two filter types (glass fiber

and Teflon-impregnated glass fiber) The ratios of mutagen densities for POM

simultaneously collected on glass fiber and Teflon-impregnated glass fiber varied

by more than a factor of ten The greatest differences occurred during periods

of elevated o concentrations suggesting that under such conditions there is an3

artifact effect associated with particulate collection (probably) on glass fiber

-9-

filters Ambient concentrations of HNO and other reactive gases (NOx o )3 3 in Contra Costa County are not as high as in El Monte and Riverside where

these artifacts were studied Nevertheless direct evaluation of possible HNO3-

glass fiber effects in Contra Costa air samples should be done Experiments

are recommended to compare mutagenicity and NO values in aerosols collected3 -

on glass-fiber and Teflon-impregnated glass fiber filters in samplers equipped

with or without HNO 3 denuders

A further recommendation concerns industrial emissions We have observed for

the first time in Contra Costa County significant positive correlations between

mutagenicity and the petrochemical tracer S at Richmond and Martinez Petroshy

chemical and other chemical sources may therefore contribute to mutagenic

emissions Follow-up research on stationary source emissions should be done

This research should provide sampling methods for both volatile and aerosol

mutagens at Richmond and Martinez mutagenicity was positively correlated with

gaseous so2 as well as fine S aerosols

A final recommendation is to maintain and expand the monitoring network for

mutagens and PAH in light of the increasing trends in mutagenicity observed

in recent years To verify the trend analysis routine monitoring should continue

in Contra Costa County and be extended to include other high pollution locales

in the Bay Area (eg southern Santa Clara County) and adjacent air basins (eg

Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley Chico to Bakersfield) Existing air sampling

networks would be used Because samples are routinely collected at sites in

these networks and Ames and PAH testing are routinely carried out in AIHL

the cost would be minimal

-10-

CHAPTER II

APPLICATION OF A SALMONELLA MICROSUSPENSION PROCEDURE TO THE

MEASUREMENT OF MUTAGENICITY IN AIR PARTICULATE MATTER

HIGH RESOLUTION DIURNAL VARIATIONS

A Summary

A simple modification of the Salmonella liquid incubation assay (19) was used

to determine mutagenic activity of airborne particulate matter The modification 9consists of adding ten times more bacteria (approximately 10 per incubation

tube) and five to ten times less metabolic enzymes compared to the plate

incorporation method The mixture volume is approximately 02 ml and the

mixture is incubated for 90 minutes before pouring it according to the standard

protocol The modified procedure was approximately 10 times more sensitive

than the standard plate incorporation test for detecting mutagens in air particle

extracts and approximately 13-30 times more sensitive for the chemical mutagens

2-nitrofluorene 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide 2-aminofluorene and benzo(a)pyrene in

bacterial strain T A98 This microsuspension procedure was applied to air

particulate samples collected with low volume (15-50 liters per min) virtual

dichotomous air samplers Mutagenic activity was detected in particle extracts

obtained from one cubic meter of air or less (17 microg of extract) and was

associated exclusively with fine particles (aerodynamic diameters of less than

25 microm) Diurnal patterns of mutagenic activity (TA98 revertants per cubic

meter air) were investigated by measuring filter extracts from two-hour samples

collected in three San Francisco Bay Area cities during air pollution episodes

Four criteria pollutants - lead nitrogen dioxide ozone and sulfur dioxide were

simultaneously sampled at one location Mutagenicity from fine particles sampled

at this location was highly correlated with lead and much less correlated with

nitrogen dioxide ozone and sulfur dioxide The microsuspension procedure is

applicable in testing samples of limited mass

-11-

B Introduction

Mutagenic activity of solvent extracts from community air particulate matter

has been studied by a number of investigators (l-6) The activity is a rough

index of exposure to potential carcinogens aids in the chemical characterization

and identification of mutagens and helps better define the sources of chemical

mutagens The Salmonella typhimuriummicrosome test (12) has often been used

in air pollution mutagen studies It is the most validated of the short-term

genotoxicity tests and is convenient and economical to use The airborne

particulate matter used in mutagenicity studies are collected by samplers usually

of the hi-vol cascade or electrostatic precipitator type which draw large volumes

of air through filters to provide enough sample mass for subsequent biological

or chemical testing Hi-volume-type samplers have also been combined and

operated simultaneously (29) to acquire several times as much material as a

single hi-vol sampler Limited numbers of certain hi-volume samplers are

available and for some of them such as the ultra high volume sampler (17)

mobile deployment is difficult due to the large size of the instrument Furthershy

more the more volatile mutagens adsorbed onto the particles may be lost or

chemically transformed because such a large volume of air passes over the

particle sample (30)

The problems of sampling can be reduced by the use of more sensitive bioassays

to detect mutagenicity in samples of limited mass The more sensitive assays

would also facilitate subsequent separation and identification of specific

mutagens

We report here progress in using a highly sensitive modification of the Salmonella

liquid incubation assay to measure the mutagenicity of airborne particle extracts

The simple modification was previously described for detecting mutagens in

cigarettes smokers urine (19) with an increase in sensitivity of approximately

20 times that of the plate incorporation test We describe first the relative

sensitivity of the modification to the plate incorporation test using known

mutagens and second the initial application of the modification for measurement

of mutagenic activity in a composite air filter extract and filter extracts taken

from low volume size selective dichotomous samplers

-12-

C Materials and Methods

l Chemicals

Benzo(a) pyrene (BP Gold Label) 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) 2-nitrofluorene

(2-NF) and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) were purchased from Aldrich

Chemical company Milwaukee Wisconsin and were used without further

purification The extraction solvents (methanol dichloromethane and

toluene) were glass-distilled OmniSorb brand purchased from Matheson

Coleman and Bell Gibbstown New Jersey Dimethyl sulfoxide was

Photo-rex grade and was purchased from JT Baker Chemical Company

Phillipsburg New Jersey

2 Criteria Gas Pollutant Sampling and Analysis

At one sampling site (Martinez California) gaseous air pollutants were

simultaneously measured by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District

using a mobile sampling van Ozone was measured by ultraviolet absorption

with a Dasibi model 1003-AH Ozone Monitor Nitrogen dioxide was

measured by chemiluminescence with a Thermal-electron Model 140

analyzer and Sulfur dioxide was measured by fluorescence using a Thermalshy

electron Model 43 pulse-fluorescence analyzer All these methods are

EPA reference methods or have been certified as equivalent (31)

3 Air Particle Collection and Sample Preparation

The plate incorporation and the microsuspension procedures were compared

using a composite filter extract from 24-hour hi-vol samples collected

for 10 consecutive days during the summer of 1982 Particulate samples

were collected on 8 x 10 inch glass-fiber filters (EPA equivalent from

Whatman Ltd Springfield Kent England) The hi-vol sampler had a flow

rate of l m3min and was placed on the roof (approximately 30 meters

above street level) of the Department of Health Services Building

Berkeley California

-13-

Collections of size-segregated fine ( lt25 microm aerodynamic diameter) and

coarse (25-15 micro m aerodynamic diameter) air particulate fractions were

made at Rodeo California during the summer of 1982 and at Berkeley

and Martinez California during the fall of 1982 using dichotomous air

samplers The town of Rodeo is located approximately 10 miles north

of Berkeley A major freeway and chemical plants are nearby At Rodeo

size-segregated samples were collected with a standard Sierra Model

Dichotomous sampler (Sierra Instrument Corp Carmel Valley CA) opershy

ated at a flow rate of 167 litersmin (1min) Teflon filters (37 mm

diameter and 2 microm pore size were purchased from Membrana Inc

Pleasanton CA and were changed manually every 2 hours for a total

collection period of 24 hours At Berkeley and Martinez air samples

were collected using an automatic dichotomous sampler (32) provided by

the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) Berkeley CA Filters were

37 mm diameter 1 microm pore size and came mounted on plastic frames

(Membrana Inc Pleasanton CA) The sampling flow rate was

50 litersmin

Dichotomous filters were extracted by sonication in a mixture of 111

methanol dicholoromethane and toluene (trisolvent) as previously described

(33) Filters were extracted in 16 x 125 mm screw-top glass tubes 4 ml

of extraction solvent was added to each tube which was then sealed with

a Teflon-lined screw cap and placed in an ultrasonic water bath at 45degc

After sonication at maximum power for 20 minutes the extract was

passed through a 05 micro m Fluoropore filter The filter was washed again

with 3 ml trisolvent by sonication the extract filtered and combined with

the initial filter extract The volume of the combined extract was

decreased tenfold in vacuo by rotary evaporation at 45degc and the extract

was transferred to a 1 dram vial evaporated under a stream of nitrogen

to dryness capped under nitrogen and stored at -20degC until tested All

extraction procedures were carried out under yellow fluorescent lights to

minimize potential photooxidation

Lead in dichotomous filter samples was determined by atomic absorption

spectrophotometry (34) A sample 10 mm in diameter from the center

-14-

of the filter was extracted in 10 nitric acid and the extract analyzed

for lead with a Perkin-Elmer Model 503 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer

4 Mutagenicity Assays

All mutagenicity testing was done using frame shift tester strain TA98

(35) and nitroreductase deficient derivative T A98NR (36) The standard

plate incorporation method for detecting mutagens with the Salmonelshy

lamammalian microsome test was performed as described by Ames et

al (12) A liver extract prepared from male Spraque Dawley rats

(150-200g) treated with Aroclor 1254 was prepared according to the method

of Ames et al (12) The protein concentration was 30 mgml determined

by the method of Lowry et al (37) A simple modification of the

Salmonella liquid incubation procedure reported by Kado et al (19) was

used throughout

Single colonies were taken from a master plate made from Oxoid Nutrient

Broth (Oxoid Ltd Hants England) added to 10 ml of Oxoid Nutrient 9broth and gown overnight to a concentration of approximately 1-2 x 10

cells per ml Cells were concentrated by centrifugation (10000 X g

4degC) 10 minutes and resuspended in ice-cold phosphate buffered saline 10

(PBS 015M pH 74) to a concentration of 1 X 10 cells per milliliter

The microsuspension procedure was performed with metabolic activation

(+S9) by adding the following ingredients in order to 12 X 75 mm sterile

glass culture tubes placed in ice 01 ml S9 mix 0005 ml of DMSO

solution containing the test material and 01 ml of concentrated bacteria

1010(approximately 1 X per ml PBS or 1 X 109 per tube) A similar

mixture was prepared to test samples without the addition of metabolic

enzymes (-S9) except that the sample (in DMSO) was added to the

concentrated bacterial solution first followed by the addition of 01 ml

phosphate buffer (0lM pH 74) The tubes were capped and incubated

in the dark at 37degC with rapid shaking After 90 minutes the tubes

were placed in an ice water bath removed singly from the ice bath and

2 ml of molten top agar containing 90 nmoles of both histidine and biotin

were added The molten suspensions were immediately mixed with a

-15-

Vortex mixer and poured into minimal glucose plates Plates were

incubated at 37degC in the dark for 48 hours and were counted using an

automatic colony counter (Biotran III New Brunswick Scientific Edison

NJ) Genetic markers for the strains were routinely verified Mutageshy

nicity testing was carried out in a room fitted with yellow fluorescent

lights to minimize potential photooxidation

Duplicate aliquots of all mutagen standards and extracts of air particulate

matter were tested at 3 or more doses

D Results and Discussion

1 Chemical Mutagens

Mutagenic activities of the chemical mutagens 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF)

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) and benzo(a)shy

pyrene (BaP) were determined by the standard plate incorporation assay

and the microsuspension procedure The microsuspension procedure

measured rnuch higher levels of specific mutagenic activity for each

chemical the activity of 2-NF increased most dramatically by a factor

greater than 30 (Table II-1) There was little increase in the number of

spontaneous revertants in the microsuspension procedure although ten times

more bacterial cells were added For example the solvent blanks in

TA98 for the microsuspension and standard Ames assays (-59) were 29

and 17 revertants per plate respectively This can be explained as follows

The number of spontaneous revertants is related to the total number of

cell divisions which occur during 48 hours of incubation In both assays

approximately the same total number of divisions occur because growth

is limited to the same extent by the available histidine Since ten times

more cells are added initially in the microsuspension procedure fewer

divisions per cell take place by the time the final (histidine-limited) cell

density is reached However in the plate incorporation test there are

initially fewer cells added per plate but more divisions per cell Thus

the total number of divisions and therefore the number of spontaneous

revertants which occur in both procedures are similar

-16-

TABLE 11-1

COMPARATIVE MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF MUTAGENS IN THE PLATE INCORPORATION AND MICROSUSPENSION PROCEDURES

Specific Mutagenic Activitya (TA98 revnmol)

Chemical Plate

Incorporation Micro-

Suspension

Fold Increase in Sensitivity

Benzo(amicroyrene 93 907 10

2-Aminofluorene 199 2460 13

2-Nitrofluorene 61 1940 31

4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide 103 1800 18

aDetermined from the linear portion of the dose-response curve from a single

experiment

-16a-

The direct-acting mutagens 2-NF and 4-NQO were 20-30 times more

mutagenic in the microsuspension procedure than in the plate incorporation

assay and the indirect-acting mutagens BaP and 2AF were approximately

10 times more mutagenic The results for BaP are in good agreement

with the previous study (19) where the microsuspension procedure was

about 14 times more sensitive We also investigated the applicability of

the microsuspension procedure to a related tester strain TA98NR As

shown in Table II-2 the mutagenic activity of 2-NF decreased appreciably

when it was tested in TA98NR but the activity of 4-NQO remained

approximately the same These responses are similar to those reported

by Rosenkranz and Mermelstein (38) for the plate incorporation test The

mutagenic activity of the pooled air extract also decreased from 24 3 3 rev m to approximately 4 rev m indicating that compounds similar to

2-NF may be responsible for most of the direct-acting mutagenic-activity

in this sample The increased sensitivity of the microsuspension procedure

for both direct and indirect-acting mutagens is probably due to the

combined effects of increasing the total number of bacteria added and

concentrating the incubation mixture including the sample in a small

volume (02 ml) The formef increases the concentration of bacterial

DNA targets available for interaction with mutagens and the latter

increases the likelihood of mutagens being taken up by the cells

2 Hi-vol Air Particle Extracts

Dose response curves for mutagenic activity of the composite hi-vol air

particle extract constructed from the plate incorporation test and from

the microsuspension procedure are illustrated in Figure Il-1 The amount

of extract added is expressed in units of cubic meter equivalents the

number of cubic meters of sampled air containing a specific amount of

particulate matter One cubic meter equivalent (m3 equivalent) is approxishy

mately equal to 17 microg of particulate matter for the composite sample

The extract added per plate in the microsuspension procedure and plate 3incorporation test respectively was 1-11 m equivalents (23-185 mg of

3particulate matter) and 5-43 m equivalents (92-739 mg of particulate

matter) The optimal levels of S9 determined to be 600 microg proteinplate

-17-

TABLE 11-2

COMPARISON OF DIRECT MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF 2-NITROFLUORENE 4-NITROQUINOLINE-N-OXIDE AND COMPOSITE BERKELEY AIR FILTER

EXTRACT IN TA98 AND TA98NR AS DETERMINED BY THE MICROSUSPENSION PROCEDURE

Specific Mutagenic Activity8

Test Substance TA98 TA98NR

2-Nitrofluorene (rev nmol) 4170 405

4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide 1540 llBO

(revnmol)

Composite Berkeley

Air Filter Extract 24 4

(revm3)

aCalculated from dose-response curve using pooled data from 2 experiments

-17a-

FIGURE II- 1 Dose-response curves for composite hi-vol air particle extract Determined using the plate incorporation test and microsuspension procedure with (a) and without (b) rat liver S9

1000

(a)+ S9

UJ E-lt -l 0

800

__ bull Microsuspension (f)

600E-z lt E-0 UJ gt

400

Ul 0

00

deg 200lt E-

0 ----~P----------------~------ 0 10 20 30 40 50

CUBIC METER EQUIVALENTS PLATE

400 UJ (b) - S9Eshylt -l 0

(f)

Eshyz lt E-0 Ul gt Ul 0

deg lt E-

300

200

100

Microsuspension

0

Plate Incorporation

0 _________________ ______

0 10 20 30 40 50


-17b-

00

for the standard plate incorporation test and 30 micro g proteinplate for the

microsuspension procedure were used for all the tests As illustrated in

Figure II-1 the microsuspension procedure was approximately 10 times

more sensitive than the plate incorporation test both with and without

metabolic activation The respective slopes for the microsuspension 3procedure with and without S9 were approximately 60 and 26 rev m

while the corresponding slopes for the plate incorporation test were 6

and 3 rev m3 A response was considered positive if it was at least

twice the number of spontaneous revertants The microsuspension proshy

cedure and the plate incorporation assay required air samples of approxishy3 3mately 1 m and 10 m respectively to achieve this doubling The

concentrations of total suspended particulates in the air samples used to

prepare the composite were between 50-100 microgm 3bull The amount of S9

protein required per plate in the microsuspension procedure was oneshy

twentieth that needed in the plate incorporation test These results are

consistent with those obtained during the analysis of urine from cigarette

smokers reported previously (19)

3 Diurnal Variations in Mutagenicity of Fine Particle Extracts

Data on diurnal variations in mutagenicity were obtained from two-hour

samples collected by dichotomous samplers The first of the three diurnal

studies was done in Rodeo California Two-hour samples were collected

during the 24 hours beginning at 6 am August 27 1982 using a Sierra

manual dichotomous sampler at a flow rate of 167 liters per minute

Filters were changed manually every 2 hours As illustrated in Figure II-2

mutagenic activity was detected with metabolic activation (+S9) in extracts

of the fine fraction ( lt25 micro m) and a distinct diurnal pattern of mutagenishy

c ity can be seen with a morning peak of activity between 10 am and

12 noon and an evening peak between 8 and 10 pm In this experiment

activity was not detected in the fine fraction extracts in the absence of

S9 and none was detected in the coarse fraction extracts whether or not

S9 was present The diurnal variations in mutagenic activity in the Rodeo

extracts although not especially large encouraged us to carry out a

second study under circumstances where higher activities were anticipated

-18-

I I- oi Pl I

200 ---------------------------------

-

150 -

100 -

Rodeo Calif Fine +S9

~f~t~fWW

50 lI

0 middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

6am 10am 2pm 6pm 10pm 2am

TIME OF DAY

FIGURE II- 2 Diurnal variation of mutagenicity of fine airborne particles collected in Rodeo California and measured in the microsuspension procedure A single four hour sample was collected between midnight and 4 am

M e ()

~ z ltt ~ er IJJ gt IJJ 0 00 OI ltt ~

r IJJ z

6am

The second experiment was conducted in Berkeley on October 20-21 1982

Two-hour samples of size-segregated air particles were collected with an

automatic dichotomous sampler (ADSLBL Model I) located in a service

yard outside the California Department of Health Building in downtown

Berkeley and operated at a flow rate of 50 1min The diurnal variations

observed are depicted in Figure 11-3 Mutagenic activity of fine particle

extracts from the samples ranged from less than 75 to nearly 600 revertants

per cubic meter of air sampled Similar diurnal patterns of mutagenic

activity were detected both with and without metabolic activation the

+59 response being approximately three times higher Virtually no activity

was detected in the coarse particle extracts The maximum level of

activity measured in Berkeley was about four times higher than that

measured in Rodeo and the diurnal patterns were similar at both locations

A morning mutagenicity peak occurred between 10 am and 12 noon and

an evening peak between 10 pm and 2 am Both the morning and

evening peaks appeared later than peak traffic flow (7-8 am and 5-6 pm)

The success of these first two trials prompted a third field study in which

levels of mutagenicity and criteria air pollutants were measured simultashy

neously to better define the possible sources of activity

Air sampling for a third field trial was conducted at the Mountain View

Sanitary Districts facility in Martinez California during the 36 hours

beginning at 6 pm November 3 1982 The criteria air pollutants samples

were lead (Pb) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ozone (0 ) and sulfur dioxide3 (50 ) The two-hour particulate samples analyzed for mutagenicity and2 lead were collected with the LBL Model 1 Automatic Dichotomous Sampler

(ADS) only the fine fractions were analyzed Gaseous pollutants were

monitored continuously and hourly averages were calculated and used for

comparisons Twelve-hour hi-vol samples were collected simultaneously

at the site

The results are illustrated in Figure 11-4 Peak levels of mutagenic activity

both with and without S9 were found in the early morning around 6 am

and around midnight Maximum values measured in the presence of

metabolic activation were greater than 1000 revertantsm3 air

-19-

FIGURE II- 3 Diurnal variation of mutagenicity of fine airborne particles collected in Berkeley California and measured in the microshysuspension procedure with (a) and without (b) addition of rat liver S9

E

(JJ fshyz lt f-c tJJ gt uJ c 00

deg lt f-

EshyuJ z

800 ---------------------------------~

-

600 -

-

400 -

-

200 -

Berkeley Calif Fine +S9

1------1

10am 2pm

llllilililililiiiliilllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

6pm

TIME OF DAY

Cl C

E

C

E (J

10pm 2am 6am6am

800 -------------------------------

Berkeley Calif - Fine -S9

E

600 -(JJ

Eshyz

-lt EshyC tJJ

400 -gt tJJ c

deg 00

lt -

E-

EshytJJ z

11111111111111111

l

10am 2pm 6pm 10pm 2am 6am

TIME OF DAY

-19a-

6am

FIGURE II- 4 Diurnal variation of mutagenicity of fine airborne particles collected in Martinez California and measured in the microsuspension procudure TA98 with S9 (a) TA98 without S9 (b) TA98 NR without S9 (c)

1200

1000 E

_ ltJ)

1-- 800 z ltC 1--CZ UJ 600gt UJ CZ

00 c

400ltC 1--

1--UJ z 200

0

Martinez Calif Fine +S9

7pm 11pm 3am 7am 11am 3pm 7pm 11pm 3am 7am

TIME OF DAY

1200 --------------------------------

Martinez Calif Fine -S91000

degE _ ltJ)

1-- 800 z ltC 1--c ~ 600 UJ 0

00

~ 400 I-I--UJ z 200

0

7pm 11pm 3am 7am 11am 3pm 7pm 11 pm 3am 7am

TIME OF DAY

200 ---------------------------------

Martinez Calif Fine TA98 NR -S9

150 (I)

1-shyz ltC 1--0 UJ

100gt UJ 0

00 c ltC 1--

1-shy so UJ z

0

7pm 11pm 3am 7am I lam 3pm 7pm 11pm 3am 7am

TIMEOF DAY

-19b-

Mutagenic activities of the hi-vol samples taken in parallel with the

dichots were compared to the calculated average activities of the dichots

As summarized in Table II-3 the calculated average activities of the

dichotomous samples are similar to the activities of the hi-vol sample

Although the average mutagenic activity of the dichot is slightly higher

for the two nighttime periods especially for mutagenic activity dependent

on metabolic activation these differences are within experimental error

The diurnal pattern of fine fraction lead (not shown) was very similar to

that of mutagenicity exhibiting both early morning and late night peaks

Lead and mutagenicity are strongly correlated (r = 92) as shown by the

plot of sample values in Figure U-5 Since motor vehicles are the primary

source of airborne lead this correlation suggests that they are also the

source of much of the airborne mutagenic activity

Diurnal patterns of the three measured gases (o3 so2 N0 ) did not2 correlate well with mutagenic activity Only lead concentrations were

related to concentrations of particulate mutagenicity

The present results may be compared with those of Pitts and coworkers

(2229) In their studies diurnal comparisons were made of airborne

mutagencity of Los Angeles air using 3-hour hi-volume samples They

found that mutagenic activity was strongly correlated with carbon

monoxide (CO) emitted principally from automobile emissions in Los

Angeles air and that mutagenic peaks were closely related to peak

commuting hours In the present study mutagenic peaks appeared later

than would be expected from diurnal patterns of traffic flow near the

sampling sites

Our conclusion that mobile source emissions contribute significantly to

the mutagenicity of airborne particles sampled in Martinez is consistent

with results of a related study which investigated sources of particulate

matter collected at four Contra Costa County locations during seasonal

pollution episodes in 1981-82 (1839) Air samples were analyzed for

-20-

TABLE 11-3

MUTAGENICITY OF PARTICLES COLLECTED BY HI-VOLUME AND DICHOTshy

OMOUS AIR SAMPLERS RUN IN PARALLEL AT MARTINEZ CALIFORNIA

Mutagenic Act~ity (TA98 revm )

+59 -59

Sampling Hi-Vol8 Dichotb Hi-Vol8 Dichotb Period (Ave) (Ave)

1920-705

(113-11482)

710-1915

(11482)

2020-705

(114-11582)

572 723 223 238

304 236 101 86

624 727 238 296

aMutagenic activity determined from linear portion of dose-response curve

bMutagenic activity is the average number of revertants per cubic meter for the 12

hour sampling period calculated from six consecutive 2-hour sampling periods

-20a-

bull bull

1200

M 1000

I _

t- bulls bull bull f) t-h-z BOO~ ~

bull middot-

er uJ 600 1 gt uJ

N I er

0 cr I I00

OI bull400

~ -

-uJ z 200

bull bullI

0 0 05 1 15 2

LEAD (microgm3)

FIGURE II- 5 Correlation of airborne lead and mutagenicity (microsuspension procedure with S9) from fine particles collected at Martinez California sampling site r = 092

mutagenic activity and a variety of particulate chemical pollutants and

gases Mutagenicity was found to be strongly associated with leadshy

containing fine particles

The present study is also in agreement with previous studies on sizeshy

segregated particles in which investigators found that most of the

mutagenic activity is associated with particles of diameters of about

2 microm or less (4041)

E Conclusions

This study presents data on diurnal variations in mutagenicity of community

aerosols of less than 25 microm aerodynamic diameter in samples of 2 hour duration

In field studies diurnal variations in mutagenic activity (revertantsm3) of 10

fold were found Variations in mutagenic activity correlated well with the

variations in fine-fraction lead implicating motor vehicles as a significant source

of mutagens These experiments were made p0ssible by the use of the highly

sensitive microsuspension modification of the Salmonella liquid incubation assay

This modification makes possible high resolution diurnal studies of fine aerosols

and can be applied in future studies where sample mass is a limiting factor

-21-

CHAPTER ill

SOURCES OF MUTAGENS AND POLYCYCUC AROMA TIC HYDROCARBONS IN

CONTRA COSTA COMMUNITY AEROSOLS DURING POLLUTION EPISODES

DIURNAL GEOGRAPHIC AND EPISODE VARIATIONS

A Introduction

As described previously applications of the Ames Salmonella test (12) to commushy

nity air particles have demonstrated that chemical mutagens are ubiquitous

components of urban aerosols (1-6) A fundamental problem concerns source

identification The measure of a relatively high mutagenic activity in a given

geographical area is of limited value unless the sources of the mutagenicity can

be identified and therefore potentially controlled In a previous CARS-supported

air pollution study in Contra Costa County AIHL measured mutagenicity and a

variety of chemical air pollutants (18) The study examined diurnal variations

of mutagenic activity and the relationship of mutagenic activity to other aerosol

variables including certain source tracer elements The results indicated that

mobile sources were significant contributors to PAH and particulate mutagens

The present study extends this earlier research using the same experimental

approach

B Experimental Methods

1 Air Sampling and Site Descriptions

Six 36 hour sampling episodes were carried out in Contra Costa County

during periods of high pollution in 1982-1984 Samples were collected at

four locations in Richmond Martinez Concord and Pittsburg (Figure I-2)

Three (Richmond Concord and Pittsburg) are located so as to reflect the

quality of outdoor community air breathed by the public These three

are permanent stations of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District

(BAAQMD) The fourth site at a temporary location in the Mountain

View Sanitary District Martinez is specifically located to sample industrial

emissions The Concord site is near the intersection of two major streets

-22-

with a combined daily traffic count of approximately 50000 in a residential

and commercial area The Richmond site is close to a major city street

with a daily traffic count of 30000 Industry is located 3 km miles west

of the site The Pittsburg site is adjacent to a roadway with a daily

traffic count of 10000 and is about 1 km south of an oil burning electrical

power plant The Martinez site is located about 600 m from a petroleum

refinery complex which is to the north and west Approximately 250 m

east of the site is a freeway where the daily traffic counts is 60000

Residential tracts are also nearby

At the three permanent stations the samplers were placed on the roof

tops of one story buildings approximately 8-10 m vertically and 25-40 m

horizontally from the nearest roadway At Martinez the samplers were

at ground level (1 m) Each location had two hi-vol samplers and one

dichotomous sampler to collect particulates for chemical and mutagenic

analysis Gaseous pollutants (CO so2

NO NO and o ) were also2 3

measured During the 36 hour episodes separate 12 hour daytime (0600-

1800 and nighttime (1800-0600) samples were collected in order to compare

diurnal differences

Air particulate material for mutagenic and PAH testing was collected on

glass fiber filters (Whatman) in standard hi-vol samplers The filters were

used as supplied from the manufacturer and were not pre-treated in any

way Filter-solvent blanks were routinely assayed for mutagenicity and

the responses were below detection Dichotomous fine ( lt25 micro md ) and a

coarse (25 microm - 15 micromd ) fraction particulate samples were collected a

for multielement analysis on 37 mm Teflon Fluoropore (02 micron) filters

(Ghia) in standard dichotomous samplers (Anderson and Sierra Models)

2 Meteorological Measurements

Temperature and inversion conditions in Contra Costa County during the

episodes were inferred from data collected at the Oakland Airport which

is located approximately 25 km from the nearest sampling station Oakland

measurements were made twice daily at 0400 and 1600 hours PST In

-23-

addition hourly average wind speeds and wind directions were obtained

at Martinez These meteorological data permitted quantitative characshy

terization of weather conditions but were insufficient to permit accurate

descriptions at individual sampling sites Consequently upwind-downwind

relationships to roadways adjacent to the sites could not be established

3 Chemical Analysis

Air pollutant variables are defined in Table I-1 and the methods used

listed in Table I-2 Measurement of trace elements (eg Pb Zn Fe

Ni) on fine and coarse particulate samples collected with dichotomous

aerosol samplers was done by x-ray fluorescence analysis (42) Analyses

of the standard particulate pollutants (TSP so = N03

- Organics) colshy4 lected on hi-vol filters were carried out as previously described (18)

Gaseous pollutants were continuously monitored using specific gas monitors

o was measured by ultraviolet absorption CO by infrared absorption3

NO and N0 by chemiluminescence and so by fluorescence detection2 2 All methods are EPA reference or equivalent to the EPA reference methods

(2831)

PAH were determined as previously described (18) Sample clean-up steps

were omitted with no loss in resolution Filters were extracted ultrashy

sonically in trisolvent (toluenemethylene chloridemethanol(l11)) (MCB

Omni-Solv) PAH were separated by HPLC and identified by specific

fluorescence and ultraviolet absorption In addition the presence of

benzanthrone (7-H-benz(de)anthracene-7-one) was confirmed by mass

spectral analysis (18)

4 Mutagenicity Testing Methods

Following collection filters from episode sampling were stored for up to

three months at less than -10degC in the dark Standard methods for

extracting air particulate material from filters for mutagenicity testing

were used (18) Extractions with trisol vent were carried out under reduced

light in an ultrasonic bath and extract residues redissolved in dimethyl

sulfoxide (DMSO) for mutagenic analysis Extracts were stored for 24-48

-24-

hours at -10degC The standard plate incorporation Salmonellamammalian

microsome test was used (12) Mutagenic responses were determined both

with and without rat liver homogenate (S9) in strain T A98 which responds

mainly to frame-shift mutagens and in TA98NR a nitroreductase deficient

derivative (36) A commercial preparation (Litton Bionetics) of Aroclor

1254 induced rat liver S9 was used Direct-acting mutagens are detected

without S9 and both direct-and indirect-acting mutagens are detected in

the presence of S9 although the activities of some direct-acting chemicals

are decreased by the addition of S9 The term indirect mutagenicity

operationally defines the response of the Ames test in the presence of

S9 Ames test results were reported as mutagenic density (revertants

produced by the extract from the particles in one m 3 of air) or mutagenic

specific activity (revertants per microg benzene soluble organics) Reduced

responses of air extracts in T A98NR suggest contributions from ni troarenes

5 Statistical Methods

Statistical analysis was based on programs contained in the Statistical

Analysis System (SAS) (43) run through the California State Health and

Welfare Data System

Correlation analysis was done to relate mutagenicity and PAH variables

with selected chemical pollutants Emphasis was on fine fraction aerosol

variables since mutagens are found on small particles ( lt25 micromd )a

Factor analysis was used to help identify principal types of emission

sources Factor analysis was carried out using the principal component

method on a correlation matrix of selected variables (fine fraction trace

element concentrations NO - mutagenicity and PAH variables) After3

several preliminary trials factors with a minimum eigen-value of 07 were

chosen to be induced in the principal factors The principal factors

retained with this criterion were then used in a varimax rotation procedure

-25-

C Results and Discussion

l Meteorological Conditions during Episodes

As noted above temperature and inversion information were collected

twice daily (at 0400 and 1600 hours PST) at the Oakland Airport while

wind speed and wind direction were measured at the Martinez sampling

site The wind directionwind speed data at Martinez are included in

Appendix I San Francisco Bay Area weather factors measured during

the episodes by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District are also

provided in Appendix II These data permit the following qualitative

descriptions of meteorological conditions prevailing during each episode

Episode I

Sampling was carried out from 0600 on August 23 to 1800 on August 24

1982 Two day and one nighttime periods were sampled At Martinez

winds were from the west throughout the episode at speeds averaging 11

mph by day and 8 mph by night Oakland surface temperatures were

relatively cool reaching a daytime maximum of only 69degF The minimum

was 59degF at night The base of a shallow inversion at Oakland was 262 m

at 0400 hours PST August 23 and 503 m at 1600 hours PST August 24

Episode II

Two night and one daytime periods were sampled beginning at 1800 on

October 12 and ending at 0600 on October 14 1982 At Martinez winds

were very light (2-4 mph) throughout and from the south-west during the

first night shifting to the east during the day and becoming westerly

during the second night a daytime surface temperature maximum of 76degF

was recorded The minimum was 52degF Oakland inversion data were

limited at 0400 hours PST October 13 and 1600 hours PST October 14

the inversion base was at the surface

-26-

Episode III


May 17 and ending at 0600 on May 19 1983 This episode was carried

out during a period of high insolation Winds were light (3-4 mph) and

from the west throughout at Martinez The Oakland inversion base was

162 m at 0400 hours PST May 17 at the surface at 1600 hours PST May

18 and 66 m at 0400 hours PST May 18 The maximum and minimum

surface temperatures at Oakland were 73degF and 55deg respectively

Episode IV


September 12 1983 and ending at 0600 on September 14 1983 Westerly

breezes prevailed at Martinez throughout the episode averaging 2 mph

during the first night and 6-7 mph during the remaining periods The

base of the Oakland inversion was at the surface at 1600 hours PST and

0400 hours PST September 12 and again at 1600 hours PST on September

13 Oakland surface temperatures were hot (94degF) just prior to the start

of sampling (1500 hours PST September 12) and fell to 59degF near the

end of the period

Episode V


October 4 and ending at 0600 on October 6 1983 Again light westerly

winds prevailed at Martinez throughout with the Oakland surface tempershy

ature reaching a daytime maximum of 76degF and falling to a minimum of

58degF at night At 0400 hours PST on October 4 the inversion base was

651 m at 1600 hours PST on October 5 the inversion base was llO m

Episode VI

In the final episode two night and one daytime periods were sampled

Sampling was carried out from 1800 on January 4 to 0600 on January 6

1984 Martinez winds averaged 5-7 mph and were from the east throughout

Oakland surface temperatures were cool with a maximummiddot of 56degF and a

-27-

minimum of 46degF Oakland inversion data were 0400 hours PST January

4 base = 181 m 0400 hours PST January 5 base = surface 0400 hours

PST January 5 base = 89 m

Episode Summary

Considering middot the six episodes as a whole one generality concerning

meteorology emerged With the exception of episode VI the overall

direction of the surface winds was from the west so areawide transport

of pollution should be from Richmond on the west through Martinez

towards Concord and Pittsburg on the east

2 Combined Episode Data with Diurnal Comparisons

Initially we combined all results of air pollution measurements made during

the six intensive sampling episodes in 1982-1984 for statistical analysis

The combined data set contained 72 observations of mutagenici ty and

chemical pollutant measurements These data were separated into daytime

and nighttime periods for diurnal comparison Because of the sampling

strategy more observations were made at night (N=44) than during the

day (N=28) At the outset our strategy in sampling episodes was to

collect at least one daytime and one nighttime sample Therefore we

sampled for 36 instead of 24 hours to improve the chances of obtaining

a complete set of samples for two consecutive 12 hour periods The

consequence of having collected samples over 3 consecutive periods was

that we analyzed all samples and subsequently have included all sample

test results in the statistical analysis The advantage of using all the

results is that we have added one-third more observations to the data

base a substantial increase The disadvantage is that the data do not

contain equal periods of day and night

Therefore to calculate means for the combined data based on equal

periods of day and night results of the twice-sampled (usually the

nighttime period) were averaged and then combined with results of the

once-sampled period The method of treating this inequality in this

-28-

report is different than the method used in the first report on mutagenicity

in Contra Costa County (18) The different methods are as follows

D + d 2 + N

Present report Mean = 2

where D d are daytime values and N is a nightime value

D + d + N + NPrevious report Mean = 4

where N the once-sampled period is entered twice

Both methods give the same mean values however the ranges obtained

using the present method are reduced somewhat due to the averaging 3

procedure For example in Table III-1 the maximum value of 44 revm

is listed for combined episode data even though during one 12 hour period

a value of 58 revm3 was measured

For correlation and factor analysis the unmodified data were used Since

there are more nighttime than daytime observations the correlations and

factor patterns for the combined episode data reflect larger contributions

from nighttime sources

Summary Statistics

Mean concentrations and other summary statistics for the six episodes

combined are shown in Table III-1 Note that the typical sample size

shown in the tables (N = 24) is smaller than the actual number of samples

collected because of the averaging procedure used to calculate the

summary statistics The 1981-82 (three) episode statistics for the air

pollution variables discussed below are shown in Table III-2 so the difshy

ferences with time can be compared Variables which are statistically

significantly different between the two studies (p 2 005) are indicated

with an asterisk in Table III-I (To test the equality of means for mutagens

densities and other pollutants between 1981-1982 episodes and 1982-1984

-29-

TABLE III-1

SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM SIX EPISODES COMBINED DATA 1982-1984

Standard Minimum Maximum Variable Units N Mean Deviation Value Value

M398PS9 3revm 24 21 11 3 44

M398MS9 3revm 24 9 5 l 21

ORG98PS9 rev microg 23 10 8 ltl 30

ORG98MS9 rev microg 23 5 4 ltl 14

M398NRM 3revm 16 4 l 2 7

NR98M3 16 036 014 015 068

BAP 3ngm 24 02 02 01 08

BKF 3ngm 24 01 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 24 09 06 02 26

COR 3ngm 24 06 04 01 15

BZO 3ngm 24 08 07 01 32

ORG microgm3 23 35 2-4 1-5 8-4

TSP 3microgm 23 64 21 24 124

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

23

23

24

79

86

45

40

44

29

32

50

9

182

223

117

PBF 3ngm 24 242 153 52 605

BRFPBF 24 020 008 013 041

ZNF ngm3 24 26 13 9 68

KF 3ngm 24 142 103 50 429

FEF 3ngm 24 128 88 26 357

SIF 3ngm 24 291 235 56 952

CLF ngm3 24 260 426 27 2173

NIF 3ngm 24 7 6 2 27

SF 3ngm 24 1797 1195 516 6473

co ppm 18 11 04 05 17

NO pphm 21 19 12 03 43

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 09 49

03 pphm 23 22 11 01 41

502 pphm 23 04 07 00 34

Mean significantly different (p ~ 005) from mean during 1981-82 episodes

-29a-

TABLE ID-2

SUMMARY STA TISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM THREE EPISODES COMBINED DATA 1981-1982


M398PS9 3revm 12 12 6 6 21

M398MS9 3revm 12 7 2 3 10

ORG98PS9 revmg 12 2 3 ltl 8

ORG98MS9 revmg 12 l 1 ltl 3

M398NRM 3revm 12 3 l ltl 5

NR98M3 12 043 016 018 071

BAP 3ngm 12 06 06 01 16

BKF 3ngm 12 03 02 01 07

BGP 3ngm 12 14 11 04 34

COR 3ngm 12 08 05 02 19

BZO 3ngm 12 21 20 03 58

ORG 3ngm 12 75 35 20 107

TSP 3microgm 12 90 22 52 126

NO3 so4 BRF

3microgm

3microgm

3ngm

12

12

11

115

149

69

46

57

48

41

53

16

185

252

172

PBF 3ngm 11 262 162 82 671

BRFPBF 11 025 007 015 040

ZNF 3ngm 11 37 13 12 55

KF 3ngm NA

FEF 3ngm 11 102 39 42 155

SIF 3ngm NA

CLF 3ngm NA

NIF 3ngm 11 25 14 7 51

SF 3ngm NA

co ppm 9 12 05 06 19

NO pphm 9 28 22 07 63

NO2 pphm 9 36 15 10 61

03 pphm 9 16 14 01 40

so2 pphm 9 04 03 0 09

NA = Not analyzed

-29b-

episodes t-tests were carried out Appropriate t-statistics were chosen

based on the results of F-tests on equal variances If the variances were

equal t-statistics derived from pooled variances were used Otherwise

t-statistics derived from separate variances were used)

The combined six episode mean for mutagenic density in T A98 was

21 revm 3 (with S9) and 9 revrn 3 (without S9) Thus both direct and

indirect acting mutagens are present The value with S9 is significantly

higher than the mutagenic density previously measured during pollution

episodes in 1981-82 (12 revm3 +S9) (18) In the present study the mean

mutagenic density in the nitroreductase deficient strain TA98NR (-S9) 3 ~as 4 revm and the ratio of TA98NRTA98 was 036 both values are

similar to those measured in the earlier study Thus more than half of

the mutagenic activity of aerosol extracts is dependent upon enzymatic

nitroreduction This implies that mononitroorganics such as 1-nitropyrene

which are known to be present in community aerosols elsewhere (1517)

probably make major contributions to the mutagenicity of Contra Costa

aerosols

Mean mutagenic specific activities (rev microg ORG) were 10 (+S9) and 5

(-S9) These are both significantly higher values than those measured in

1981-82 (cf Table III-2) Note that significantly lower benzene soluble

organic concentrations were also found in the present study The mean 3organic concentration measured (35 microgm ) was approximately a factor

of two lower than that measured in the 1981-82 episodes (75 microgm 3)

Thus although the organics in general have dropped the organics that

remain are much more mutagenic Among PAH levels of BAP and BZO

were also significantly lower than previously measured In the present 3study concentrations ranged from the detection limit (01 ngm ) for BKF

and 02 ngm 3 for BAP to 09 ngm 3 for BGP

The mean episode TSP level in the present study wasmiddot 64 microgm 3 signifishy

cantly lower than previously found In 1981-82 the episode mean TSP 3

value was 90 microgm bull These results indicate that mutagenic density has

increased despite decreasing TSP and aerosol organic levels Increasing

mutagenic specific activity over time is of potential concern to public

health and is analyzed in greater detail in Chapter IV

-30-

Mean concentrations of NO - and SO = were 79 and 86 microgm 3 respecshy3 4

tively also significantly lower (by approximately 40 percent) than those

observed in 1981-82 The Hi-Vol so - concentration was comparable to4

the so value calculated from the fine fraction sulfur concentration4

=

(l8 microgm 3) (Only about 10 percent of S (02 microgm 3) was found in the

coarse fraction) Assuming all of the fine S is in the form of SO the4 -

mean fine fraction so concentration was calculated to be approximately4

=

54 microgm 3 or two-thirds the amount of so4

= found by the Hi-vol method

Among gaseous pollutants the mean CO concentrations was 11 ppm

Means of NO NO and o were 19 26 and 22 pphm respectively The2 3

mean so concentration was 04 pphm These gas concentrations are2

similar to those measured earlier in Contra Costa although NO2 concenshy

trations were significantly lower Pitts and coworkers have recently

described a possible filter sampling artifact related to o (23) Increased3

mutagenicity was measured when aerosols were collected on glass fiber

filters in the presence of higher o concentrations (gt 10 pphm) However3

o concentrations measured in Contra Costa County were all below those3

which produced significant artifacts in the study of Pitts et al which

was carried out in El Monte and Riverside

Among aerosol trace elements fine fraction lead concentration was 242

ngm 3 very near to the mean concentration measured in 1981-82 episodes

(262 ngm3) Fine fraction Br was 45 ngm3 and the BrPb ratio was

02 indicating the presence of an aged aerosol Ratios in fresh auto 3

emissions are typically greater than 03 Fine fraction Zn was 26 ngm

significantly below the 1981-82 value (37 ngm3) The fine fraction iron

concentration (128 ngm3) was comparable to the 1981-82 value

(102 ngm 3) The fine fraction Ni concentration was 25 ngm 3 in the

previous study and 7 ngm3 in the present investigation We can provide

no explanation for the significant threefold decrease in Ni Among other

trace elements the mean fine fraction potassium concentration was 142

ngm 3 The KFe ratio of 11 is higher than typically seen in soil (05)

but much lower than in aerosols derived primarily from wood combustion

(gt8) (44)

-31-

For most variables the diurnal differences (cf Tables IIl-3 and 4) were

small Mutagenic density (+59) was slightly higher by day (24 revm 3) 3than by night (17 revm ) However direct-acting (-59) mutagenic density

was nearly constant from day (10 revm 3) to night (9 revm 3) Organic

levels (total and specific PAH) were also very similar from day to night

TSP and NO were both slightly higher by day while so showed4 = 3 essentially no diurnal change

Two measured pollutants CLF and o3 exhibited clear diurnal differences

Fine fraction chloride (CLF) was twice as high at night while o was3 twice as high by day (cf Tables III-34) The difference in CLF may

be related to diurnal differences in relative humidity The o difference3

reflected daytime photochemical formation of ozone in the atmosphere

Correlation Analysis

Correlation analysis was carried out to explore relationships between

mutagens PAH and source emissions tracers Correlations between mutashy

genic density PAH and selected elements and gases are shown in Tables

III-5-7 (Complete correlation matrices are provided in the Appendix III)

Mutagenic density variables (t59) were very strongly correlated (ps_001)

with each other and with PAH Mutagenicity variables and PAH were

also significantly (ps_005) correlated with automotive tracers BRF and

PBF For the combined episode as well as day and night data correlations

with BRF were higher than with PBF Mutagenic density and PAH were

also positively correlated with particulate NO and gaseous CO NO3

NO2bull There were significant negative correlations of mutagenic density

with CLF and o 3 PAH were also negatively correlated with Dy

Among the PAH variables COR was very highly correlated (ps_001) with

CO PBF and BRF all three considered primarily automotive pollutants

COR was also correlated with NO and NO and KF In other studies2

KF has been identified as a wood smoke tracer (44) Although not shown

in the tables correlations of BKF were like BAP and BGP like COR

-32-

TABLE ID-3

SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM SIX EPISODES

DAYTIME SAMPLES 1982-1984


3M398PS9 revm 24 24 14 6 58

M398M59 revm3 24 10 6 2 27

ORG98PS9 revmicrog 23 12 10 ltl 39

ORG98MS9 revmicrog 23 5 5 ltl 8 3M398NRM revm 16 4 2 1 7

NR98M3 16 035 022 012 110

BAP ngm3 24 02 01 01 04

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 24 11 07 02 24

COR ngm3 24 07 04 01 16

BZO ngm3 24 08 06 01 20

ORG microgm 3 23 36 27 15 92

TSP microgm 3 23 76 25 34 139

NO microgm 3 23 86 34 32 1583

so= microgm 3 23 84 44 51 2144

BRF microgm 3 24 50 31 8 114

PBF microgm 3 24 266 157 49 638

BRFPBF 24 019 007 010 042

ZNF ngm3 24 31 24 9 123

KF ngm3 24 157 129 38 491

FEF ngm3 24 144 98 28 371

SIF ngm3 24 326 284 24 1220

CLF ngm3 24 174 282 19 1450

NIF ngm3 24 8 8 2 33

SF ngm3 24 1810 1384 442 7640

co ppm 18 13 04 06 21

NO pphm 21 22 15 05 64

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 12 53

pphm 23 29 15 aa 5903

502 pphm 23 04 09 oo 43

-32a-

TABLE ill- 4

SUMMARY STA TISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM SIX EPISODES

NIGHTTIME SAMPLES 1982-1984


M398PS9 revm3 24 17 10 ltl 37

M398MS9 revm3 24 9 5 ltl 18



M398NRM revm3 16 4 2 l 6

NR98M3 16 036 013 018 070

BAP ngm3 24 02 03 01 15

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 05

BGP ngm3 24 08 07 02 28

COR ngm3 24 05 03 01 15

BZO ngm3 24 07 10 01 44

ORG microgm 3 24 33 23 11 88

TSP microgm3 24 52 21 15 109 NO - microgm3 24 71 49 32 205

so= 3

microgm 3 24 86 44 50 2314 3BRF ngm 24 41 30 7 133

PBF ngm3 24 218 168 38 714

BRFPBF 24 021 010 011 041

ZNF ngm3 24 20 11 3 52

KF ngm3 24 127 82 54 377 3FEF ngm 24 112 90 24 353

SIF ngm3 24 256 205 87 787

CLF ngm3 24 346 582 31 2895

NIF ngm3 24 7 7 2 30

SF ngm3 24 1785 1094 590 5305

co ppm 18 10 04 02 17

NO pphm 21 15 13 01 50

NO2 pphm 23 25 12 06 51

03 pphm 23 15 09 01 35

502 pphm 23 03 06 00 25

-32b-

TABLE ill- 5

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm3) SELECTED PAH AND AIR POLL UT ANTS

COMBINED EPISODE DATA 1982-1984

TA98+S9 TA98-S9 BAP COR BZO

TA98+S9 100 094 045 054 060

TA98-S9 094 100 049 044 059

BAP 045 049 100 038 092

COR middot054 044 037 100 056

BZO 060 059 092 056 100

PBF 028 025 008 071 019

BRF 040 038 030 074 044

KF 026 022 015 058 008

ZNF 012 012 -001 027 026

FEF 009 013 -007 028 -005

SIF -012 001 -007 013 -009

CLF -027 -022 001 -015 -005

NIF -010 -007 -012 -020 -012

SF 022 023 028 003 036

NO3 049 051 032 015 047

co 054 051 023 071 036

NO 051 045 034 049 044

NO2 032 031 011 061 018

03 -027 -035 -041 -013 -043

SO2 004 005 -002 -027 -002

Significant at the p 005 level

Significant at the p 2 001 level

-32c-

TABLE m-6 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm3) SELECTED PAH

AND AIR POLLUTANTS DAYTIME SAMPLES 1982-1984


TA98+S9 100 095 051 050 065

TA98-S9 095 100 057 038 059

BAP 053 057 100 051 077

COR 050 038 051 JI 100 076

BZO 067 059 077 076 100

PBF 019 007 028 070 046

BRF 038 030 059 074 071

KF 024 010 039 066 048

ZNF -014 -019 -019 015 -001

FEF -012 -018 004 019 003

SIF -012 -016 014 015 005

CLF -020 -012 -008 -012 -006

NIF -033 -039 -019 -033 -024

SF 023 028 054 020 045

NO -3 056 057 066 045 064

co 053 042 032 065 054

NO 049 049 046 012 045

NO2 024 012 019 051 026

03 -030 -036 -063 -003 -048

SO2 -003 001 023 -033 000

Significant at the p ~ 005 level

Significant at the p 2- 001 level

-32d-

TABLE ID- 7

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm3) SELECTED PAH AND AIR POLLUTANTS



TA98+S9 100 095 056 055 066

TA98-S9 095 100 056 050 063

BAP 056 056 100 046 096

COR 055 050 046 100 054

BZO 066 063 096 054 100

PBF 033 035 006 073 013

BRF 043 043 028 077 037

KF 027 033 014 053 018

ZNF 034 047 010 028 015

FEF 021 032 -009 033 -008

SIF 005 016 -012 009 -015

CLF -031 -028 000 -015 -005

NIF 010 019 -012 -013 -007

SF 022 020 026 -008 035

NO3 049 051 030 000 044

co 055 058 028 072 034

NO 051 042 038 071 047

NO2 040 043 010 070 016

03 -050 -047 -041 -050 -053

so2 001 009 -009 -027 -004

Significant at the p _s 005 level

Significant at the p _ 001 level

-32e-

Factor Analysis

Further attempts to characterize major sources of mutagenic air pollution

were carried out using principal component factor analysis Because of

the large number of pollution variables measured interpretation of sources

is difficult The advantage of factor analysis is that it groups the variables

into a smaller number of factors which explain a large portion of the

overall variance in the data set Variables in each factor may have a

common source or formation process (23) Ten aerosol variables were

used including tracers for a variety of sources They were PBF and BRF

(automotive) FEF and SIF (soil) NIF (industry oil refining) CLF (marine

influence) NO (secondary aerosols) SF (industry secondary so =) ZNF3

-4

(many possible sources traffic industry incineration) and KF (possible

agricultural burning or wood smoke indicator) Gas pollutant and meteoroshy

logical results were excluded because of limited or missing data Factor

analysis was not tried using the available meteorological and gas pollutant

data

Approach I Factor Patterns of Major Source Emissions Tracers Excluding

Mutagenic Density and PAH Variables

Consider first the factor patterns obtained without mutagenic density or

PAH variables (Tables III-8-10) Using the ten aerosol source tracers in

the combined episode data set four factors were present which accounted

for 81 percent of the total variance (cf Table Ill-8) The most important

factor (No 1) was heavily loaded with automotive (PBF BRF) and soil

(FEF SIF) tracers and explained 43 percent of the variance KF was

also strongly associated with Factor No 1 The second factor contained

tracers for industry (NIF) as well as soil and explained 16 percent of the

variance The third factor contained tracers for secondary aerosols

(NO - and SF) and explained 12 percent of the variance and the fourth3

factor contained the marine source tracer (CLF) and explained 10 percent

of the variance ZNF was distributed over all four factors implying that

zinc was derived from many sources

-33-

TABLE ill-8

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT FACTORS FOR PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS COMBINED EPISODE DATA 1982-1984 (N = 71)

Factor I Factor 2

PBF (095) NIF (088)

BRF (093) SIF (063)

KF (090) FEF (061)

FEF (0 71) ZNF (042)

SIF (053)

ZNF (048)

Variance Explained () 43 16

Interpretation Automotive Oil Emissions Refining and Soil and Soil

Zinc distributed in all four

Factor 3

SF (084)

N0 - (083)3

ZNF (025)

Factor 4

CLF (096)

ZNF (030)

12

Secondary Aerosols

factors

10

Sea Salt

Sum 81

Factor loadings ~025 are shown in parenthesis

-33a-

TABLE ill- 9

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT FACTORS FOR PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS DAYTIME SAMPLES 1982-1984 (N = 27)

Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4

Variance Explained ()

Interpretation

KF (092)

PBF (090)

FEF (083)

BRF (081)

SIF (080)

NO (028)3

40

Automotive Emissions and Soil

Nitrate found

CLF (094) NIF (087)

ZNF (090) SIF (038)

No - (036) FEF (037)3

18 17

Sea Salt Oil and Zinc Refining

and (some) Soil

in three factors

SF (096)

BRF (038)

NO - (031)3

10 Sum 85

Secondary so=

4Aerosols

Factor loadings 25 are shown in parenthesis

-33b-

TABLE ill- 10

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT FACTORS FOR PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS NIGHTTIME SAMPLES 1982-1984 (N = 44)


BRF (095) NIF (081)

PBF (093) SIF (080)

KF (089) FEF (066)

ZNF (0 72) ZNF (034)

FEF (067) KF (027)

SIF (040)


Interpretation Automotive Oil Refining Emissions and Zinc and Soil

Soil

Zinc found in three factors

SF (087)

NO - (087)3

NIF (034)

ZNF (028)

CLF (099)

11

Secondary Aerosols

9

Sea Salt

Sum 86

Factor loadings _025 are shown in parenthesis

-33c-

Both the day and nighttime factor patterns contain the same four factors

with slight modifications (cf Tables III-910) By day the automotive-soil

factor (No 1) explained 40 percent of the variance by night this factor

explained 48 percent of the variance and was also heavily loaded with

ZNF During the day the sea salt (CLF) factor (No 2) contained some

ZNF and explained 18 percent of the variance At night CLF was isolated

in a factor (No 4) which contained only 9 percent of the variance Also

during the day NO3

- -associated aerosols are spread over three factors

(No 1 Auto-soil No 2 Sea salt-zinc No 4 Fine sulphur secondary)

at night NO (secondary aerosol) is found together with fine sulphur3

-

(SF) in factor No 3 This nighttime secondary aerosol factor explained

11 percent of the total variance

Approach II Factor Patterns of Major Source Emissions Tracers Including


Factor analysis was repeated including one additional mutagenic density

or PAH variable at a time The factor patterns with mutagenic density

coronene and benzanthrone were as follows

i Mutagenic Density

With the addition of mutagenic density (in T A98 +59) to the

combined episode data base five factors were obtained instead of

four (compare Tables III-8 and III-11) Factors loaded with tracers

for auto emissions and soil (No 1) oil refining and soil (No 2)

and sea salt (No 4) were again obtained However with the

mutagenic density variable entered NO was heavily loaded in3

one factor (No 3) while SF was heavily loaded in another (No 5)

Mutagenicity was most strongly associated with the NO - secondary3

aerosol factor (No 3) (loading = 068) and also with the auto-soil

factor (No 1) (loading = 029)

-34-

TABLE ID-11

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT FACTORS FOR PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS COMBINED EPISODE DATA INCLUDING MUTAGENIC DENSITY (+S9)

Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5

PBF (094) NIF (084) NO - (082)3

CLF (094) SF (090)

BRF (093) FEF (060) ZNF (052) ZNF (030) NO - (035)3

KF (090) SIF (060) SF (026) NIF (027)

FEF (0 72) ZNF (050)

SIF (056)

ZNF (037)

Mutagenic (029) (-029) (068) (-041) (008) Density (+S9)

Variance Explained () 39 18 11 10 6 Sum 85

Interpretation Automotive Oil Secondary Sea Second_ary Emissions and Soil

Refining and Soil

(NOtdeg-) and me

Salt (SO -)4


-34a-

TABLE m-12

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT FACTORS FOR PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS DAYTIME SAMPLES INCLUDING MUTAGENIC DENSITY (+S9)


PBF (095) CLF (095) NO - (087)3

NIF (086) SF (096)

KF (092) ZNF (091) BRF (031) SIF (053) BRF (030)

BRF (084) NO - (026)3

FEF (052

FEF (075)

SIF (0 71)

Mutagenic (007) (-024) (083) (-024) (013) Density (+59)


Interpretation Automotive Emissions and Soil

Sea Salt and Zinc

Secondary (NO -)

3

Oil Refining

and

Secondary(so =)

4

Soil

Factor loadings ~025 are shown in the parenthesis

-34b-

TABLE ID- 13

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT FACTORS FOR PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS NIGHTTIME SAMPLES INCLUDING MUTAGENIC DENSITY (+59)


BRF (094) NO - (088)3

PBF (092) SF (085)

KF (089) NIF (032)

ZNF (073) ZNF (028)

FEF (071)

SIF (047)

NIF (081)

SIF (072)

FEF (060)

ZNF (031)

KF (025)

CLF (091)

Mutagenic Density (+S9) (044) (043) (-026) (-059)

Variance Explained () 45 18 11 10 Sum 84

Interpretation Auto Emissions Zinc and

Soil

Secondary Oil Refining and Soil

Sea Salt

Factor loadings 2_)25 are shown in parenthesis

-34c-

Day versus Night comparisons were as follows When mutagenic

density was added to the daytime data set five factors were

obtained (cf Table III-12) However with mutagenicity results in

the nighttime data set only four factors were obtained (cf Table

III-13) In the daytime pattern NO was associated with one3

factor (No3) while SF was associated with another (No 5) In the

nighttime pattern both NO and SF were heavily loaded together3 -

in the same factor (No 2)

The association of mutagenic density with the day and night factor

patterns provides a striking diurnal comparison which invites intershy

pretation During the day mutagenic density was heavily loaded

in the NO factor (No 3) (loading = 083) and not loaded in the3

-

auto-soil factor (No 1) (loading = 007) (cf Table 111-12) However

during the night mutagenic density was loaded equally into the

auto-soil factor (No 1) (loading = 044) and the NO factor (No3

-

2) (loading = 043) We can speculate on the possible significance

of these statistical diurnal differences The strong loading of

mutagenicity in the No --factor during the day suggests that a3

higher percentage of mutagenic aerosols may be associated with

areawide secondary aerosols

The association of mutagenicity with NO --containing aerosols3 especially by day could be the result of aging of primary aerosols

containing mutagens to secondary particulate matter Or it may

be related to nitric acid artifacts known to be present in NO3 measurements made on glass fiber filters As described by Appel

and co-workers (27) a portion of the NO - measured on glass fiber3

filters is due to gaseous HNO3

which binds to reactive (alkaline)

sites on the sampling medium HNO may participate in the3 formation of highly mutagenic nitroarenes either in the air or on

the filters Furthermore HNO exhibits a diurnal pattern with3 maximum values occurring during the day as with o (23) The

3 diurnal behavior of HNO3 may be related to the present finding

-35-

of a strong daytime association between mutagenic density and

NO3- Additional research is required to elucidate these complex

issues For example direct measurement of gaseous HNO3

as well

as aerosol collection with and without a HNO denuder are needed3

In related research Fitz et al (45) compared POM collected on

Hi-Vol samplers equipped with and without a HNO denuder and3 found that mutagenicity did not depend on the reexposure of aerosols

to HNO3 during collection in Los Angeles Concentrations of HNO3 in Contra Costa County are much lower than in Los Angeles

suggesting that gas phase HNO artifacts probably did not signifishy3 cantly influence results of mutagenicity measurements made in the

present study

Finally negative associations were obtained between mutagenic

density and both the sea salt and oil-soil factors Negative

mutagenicity loadings on these factors were found consistently in

the combined episode and day and night data (Tables III-11-13)

The negative association with CLF may reflect directional transport

of pollutants by sea breezes However the explanation for the

negative association of mutagenicity with the oil-soil factor is

not clear

ii Coronene

When the results for coronene were combined with those of ten

aerosol tracer pollutants factor analysis of the combined episode

data base gave the pattern shown in Table III-14 (Similar results

not shown were obtained using either the day or the night data)

In the case of the combined episode data four factors were resolved

which explained 81 percent of the variance Automotive emissions

(PBF BRF) were found primarily in factor No 1 oil (NIF) and soil

(FEF SIF) tracers were in factor No 2 secondary aerosols (NO3-

SF) were in a third and the marine tracer (CLF) in a fourth factor

-36-

TABLE ID- 14

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT FACTORS FOR PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS COMBINED EPISODE DAT A INCLUDING CORONENE


BRF (091) NIF (081) SF (084) CLF (097)

PBF (090) FEF (0 78) NO - (083)3

ZNF (030)

KF (082) SIF (0 77) ZNF (026)

ZNF (041) ZNF (046)

SIF (035) KF (037)

PBF (032)

Coronene (089) (-024) (005) (-012)

Variance Explained () 42 15 14 10 Sum Bl

Interpretation Automotive Oil Refining Secondary Sea Salt Emissions and Soil Aerosols


-36a-

TABLE ill-15

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT FACTORS FOR PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS COMBINED EPISODE DATA INCLUDING BENZANTHRONE


PBF (095) NO - (082)3

NIF (086) CLF (096)

BRF (091) SF (080) SIF (052) ZNF (032)

KF (090) BRF (027) FEF (051)

FEF (079) ZNF (042)

SIF (062)

ZNF (049)

Benzan throne (028) (069) (-041) (-010)


Interpretation Auto Secondary Oil Sea Salt Emissions Aerosols Refining and Soil and

Soil


-36b-

Coronene was heavily loaded only in factor No 1 the automotive

factor which explained 42 percent of the variance Unlike mutashy

genic density COR was not associated with the secondary aerosol

factor (No 3) As with mutagenic density COR was negatively

associated with factors containing tracers for oil refining and soil

(No 2) and sea salt (No 4)

The results of factor analysis using COR amplify the two-variable

correlations described above (cf Table III-5-7) COR was found to

be strongy associated with elemental tracers for automotive

emissions (PBF BRF) in the combined episode as well as the day

and night data sets Thus COR was derived primarily from mobile

sources during these sampling episodes in Contra Costa county

iii Benzanthrone

The factor pattern including benzanthrone with the ten tracer

variables is shown in Table III-15 Only the results for the combined

episode data base are presented However the factor patterns for

day and night were similar Again four factors were resolved

containing tracers for autos and soil (No 1) secondary aerosols

(No 2) oil refining and soil (No 3) and sea salt (No 4) Benzanshy

throne was associated most strongly with the secondary aerosol

factor (loading = 069) and less strongly with the autornoti ve-soil

factor (loading = 028) BZO was also negatively associated with

the oil-soil and sea salt factors Sea breezes presumably

accounted for the negative association with CLF

The observation that benzanthrone a carbonyl-arene was strongly

associated with the secondary (No -) factor could suggest that3

BZO is formed by atmospheric oxidation of precursor PAH Further

oxidation of benzanthrone may lead to its destruction and lower

concentrations with increasing time and at distances downwind from

a source The association of BZO with the auto emissions factor

(No 1 in Table III-15) suggestsmiddot that this oxidized PAH is also

present in tailpipe emissions

-37-

iv Summary

In summary factor analysis revealed that

1 Mutagenic density was associated with secondary aerosols

(NO -) automotive emissions (PBF BRF) and fine surface3

soil (FEF SIF)

2 Coronene was associated with automotive emissions and fine

surface soil

3 Benzanthrone was associated with secondary aerosols as well

as automotive emissions and fine surface soil

4 Comparing mutagenicity and PAH variables mutagenic

density exhibited a factor pattern more like benzanthrone

and unlike coronene In this respect some mutagens and

BZO both behaved like secondary aerosols

3 Geographic Differences

Summary Statistics

Summary statistics for air pollutants measured at each of the four stations

are shown in Tables 111-16-19 Mutagenic density and specific activity

were highest at Concord (29 revm3 14 rev microg respectively) followed 3by Pittsburg The lowest values observed at Martinez were 14 revm

and 7 rev microg These mean values were higher at all four stations in

comparison with mean values measured during the 1981-82 episode study

The mutagenic density (-59) ratio TA98NRTA98 was highest at Richmond

(045) and at least twenty-five percent lower at the other three stations

(031-034) These ratios suggest that NOz-organics contributed a major

fraction of the mutagenic activity observed in the present study These

-38-

TABLE ill-16

SUMMARY ST A TISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM RICHMOND DURING SIX EPISODES

1982-1984


M398PS9 revm3 18 17 u 4 34

M398MS9 revm3 18 7 5 3 16


ORG98MS9 revmicrog 17 4 4 ltl 10

M398NRM revm3 12 4 1 3 5

NR98M3 12 045 017 033 069

BAP ngm3 18 02 02 01 05

BKF ngm3 18 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 18 10 06 04 18

COR ngm3 18 07 03 03 10

BZO ngm3 18 08 07 02 21

ORG microgm 3 17 35 25 16 73

TSP microgm3 17 57 19 24 70

NO microgm 3 17 78 35 40 118 so=

3 microgm 3 17 108 66 57 222

BRF 4

ngm3 18 42 24 9 66

PBF ngm3 18 209 125 52 407

BRFPBF 18 021 009 013 037

ZNF ngm3 18 28 23 9 68

KF ngm3 18 125 75 50 247

FEF ngm3 18 88 66 26 188

SIF ngm3 18 155 121 56 393

CLF ngm3 18 497 825 44 2172

NIF ngm3 18 7 5 2 15

SF ngm3 18 2506 2032 1074 6473

co ppm 18 12 02 09 14

NO pphm 18 15 10 03 30

NO pphm 18 23 11 lO 392 03 pphm 18 23 11 04 36 so pphm 18 01 02 00 042

-38a-

TABLE ill-17

SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM MARTINEZ DURING SIX EPISODES

1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 14 8 3 25

M398MS9 3revm 18 7 4 1 12



M398NRM 3revm 12 3 1 2 4

NR98M3 12 032 010 Ol8 043

BAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 02

BKF 3ngm 18 01 0 01 01

BGP 3ngm 18 06 03 02 10

COR 3ngm 18 03 02 01 07

BZO 3ngm 18 05 03 02 09

ORG microgm 3 18 33 25 16 70

TSP 3microgm 18 77 29 35 124

No -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

18

18

18

79

107

45

51

52

28

32

68

12

178

204

101

PBF 3ngm 18 229 193 85 599

BRFPBF 18 023 011 016 041

ZNF 3ngm 18 24 8 16 40

KF ngm3 18 143 123 64 386

FEF 3ngm 18 177 121 38 357

SIF ngm3 18 463 354 120 952

CLF 3ngm 18 235 133 61 449

NIF 3ngm 18 15 7 6 27

SF 3ngm 18 1883 741 846 2915

co ppm

NO pphm 9 31 11 24 43

NO2 pphm 15 26 14 15 49

03 pphm 15 18 11 01 27

so2 pphm 15 14 11 05 34

-38b-

TABLE m-18

SUMMARY STA TISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM CONCORD DURING SIX EPISODES

1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 29 13 10 44

M398MS9 3revm 18 13 6 4 21

ORG98PS9 revmicrog 17 14 11 2 30


M398NRM 3revm 12 5 2 3 7

NR98M3 12 034 018 015 058

BAP 3ngm 18 03 03 01 08

BKF 3ngm 18 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 18 14 09 05 26

COR 3ngm 18 09 04 05 15

BZO 3ngm 18 11 11 02 32

ORG 3microgm 17 39 28 15 84

TSP 3microgm 18 54 12 38 74

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

73

61

53

28

14

31

47

50

25

126

89

108

PBF 3ngm 18 287 132 202 542

BRFPBF 18 018 008 013 034

ZNF 3ngm 18 20 9 9 31

KF 3ngm 18 137 102 76 339

FEF 3ngm 18 95 41 58 169

SIF 3ngm 18 209 95 134 387

CLF 3ngm 18 120 135 27 380

NIF 3ngm 18 3 2 2 6

SF 3ngm 18 1364 721 641 2614

co ppm 18 12 04 05 17

NO pphm 18 23 13 03 42

NO 2 pphm 18 31 09 20 45

03 pphm 18 19 09 03 28

so2 pphm 18 00 01 00 01

-38c-

TABLE ill- 19

SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM PITTSBURG DURING SIX EPISODES

1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 23 9 ll 32

M398MS9 3revm 18 10 5 4 17



M398NRM 3revm 12 4 2 2 5

NR98M3 12 031 01 OlB 039

SAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 03

SKF 3ngm 18 01 aa 01 02

BGP 3ngm 18 08 05 03 17

COR 3ngm 18 06 04 02 12

BZO 3ngm 18 07 06 01 14

ORG microgm3 18 33 25 15 68

TSP 3microgm 18 67 18 52 101

NO3

so=4

BRF

3microgm 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

84

70

42

50

13

37

45

54

22

182

86

117

PSF 3ngm 18 244 182 109 605

SRFPBF 18 017 006 013 027

ZNF 3ngm 18 30 7 20 37

KF 3ngm 18 162 132 86 429

FEF 3ngm 18 153 88 48 256

SIF 3ngm 18 337 197 150 610

CLF 3ngm 18 188 141 59 393

NIF 3ngm 18 5 2 3 9

SF 3ngm 18 1437 613 516 2145

co ppm 18 09 04 06 17

NO pphm 18 13 10 04 28

NO2 pphm 18 22 10 09 37

03 pphm 18 25 13 01 41

SO2 pphm 18 01 01 00 02

-38d-

ratios also suggest that Richmond the furthest west was exposed least

to aged urban pollutants by the predominantly westerly winds during the

periods of sampling

Individual PAH and total benzene soluble organic (ORG) concentrations

were highest at Concord followed by Richmond PAH and ORG concenshy

trations were significantly lower than measured in 1981-82 For example

the highest mean BAP levels by station were measured at Concord The 3 3concentration of BAP was 03 ngm in the present study and 09 ngm

in the previous study (18)

TSP levels were the highest at Martinez probably because the sampling

site was at ground level (1 m) the other sites were located on the rooftops

of one story buildings Fine fraction soil constituents (FEF SIF) were

also highest at Martinez

Mean NO levels showed little geographic variation ranging from 7 3 3 microgm 3 at Concord to 84 microgm 3 at Pittsburg so4 = varied from 61

3microgm 3 at Concord to 108 microgm at Richmond while fine fraction S

showed the same geographic variations as so4 -

PBF and BRF were both fairly consistent by station The highest mean

PBF was 287 ngm 3 at Concord the lowest was 209 ngm 3 at Richmond 3Mean BRF ranged from 53 ngm at Concord to 42 ngm 3 at Richmond

and Pittsburg NIF was highest (15 ngm 3) at the Martinez site located

adjacent to a petrochemical refinery

CLF was more than four times higher at Richmond (497 microgm 3) than at 3Concord (120 microgm ) The high concentration at Richmond probably

reflects its seaward location It is the most westerly of the four sampling

sites

-39-

2

Among the gaseous pollutants mean NO was highest at Martinez (31

pphm) NO at Concord (32 pphm) and o at Pittsburg (25 pphm) so2 3 was found primarily at Martinez (l4 pphm) Mean SO values at the

2 other three stations were~ 01 pphm so is derived from local sources2 at Martinez (eg petrochemical refining sanitary treatment facilities)

CO levels (not measured at Martinez) were fairly constant at the other

stations


Correlations between mutagenic density PAH and selected particulate

and gaseous pollutants measured at the four stations are presented in

Tables IIl-20-23 (Complete correlation matrices are provided in the

Appendix) Mutagenic density was significantly correlated with NO at3 all four stations and was correlated with BRF at three of the stations

However at Concord mutagenic density was not correlated with either

BRF or PBF despite the fact that mean values of all three variables

(mutagenic density BRF PBF) were the highest there PBF and BRF

were consistently and highly significantly (p~001) correlated with COR

at all stations suggesting further that automotive emissions are significant

sources of COR

The station-by-station comparisons revealed positive associations between

mutagenicity and industrial tracers for the first time Mutagenicity was

positively correlated with petrochemical tracers so and fine fraction2

sulfur at Richmond and Martinez At Pittsburg a highly significant

correlation (p~001) between NIF and both mutagenic density variables

(plusmn_S9) was observed (cf Table Ill-22) NIF was also correlated with each

of the three PAH at Pittsburg These correlations probably reflect

co-transport of fine fraction Ni PAH and mutagens to Pittsburg (typically

a receptor site during the six sampling episodes) from upwind sources to

the west The higher nickel concentrations and the lower correlations

between nickel and mutagenicity at Martinez provide further evidence for

the formation of secondary mutagenic aerosols in the atmosphere

-40-

TABLE ill- 20

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm3) SELECTED PAH AND AIR POLLUTANTS DURING EPISODES

AT RICHMOND


TA98+59 100 093 069 o75 087

TA98-S9 093 100 072 056 083

BAP 065 072 100 026 091

COR o75 056 026 100 055

BZO 087 083 091 055 100

PBF 057 036 002 081 030

BRF 080 072 042 080 063

KF 052 031 009 064 015

ZNF 031 020 -003 056 030

FEF 038 018 -009 064 017

SIF 053 027 007 071 030

CLF -029 -024 -011 -018 -023

NIF 029 016 -004 021 012

SF 071 084 072 023 073

NO3 070 069 058 037 069

co 066 050 023 087 044

NO 083 078 067 076 077

NO2 059 040 016 067 036

03 -038 -046 -067 000 -054

502 075 067 0 73 053 078



-40a-

TABLE ID-21


AT MARTINEZ

TA98+S9 TA98-S9 SAP COR BZO

TA98+S9 100 093 029 -001 049

TA98-S9 093 100 033 016 046

BAP 029 033 100 071 083

COR -001 016 071 100 063

BZO 049 046 083 063 100

PBF 013 033 057 084 046

BRF 033 048 073 085 067

KF 018 035 056 079 047

ZNF 014 034 035 054 023

FEF -003 017 043 077 028

SIF -016 002 036 073 022

CLF -032 -026 -025 -001 -024

NIF 010 012 -023 -019 -034

SF 051 051 004 -003 019

NO~- 063 057 016 -001 047

co NO 055 049 083 052 074

N02 029 051 042 074 033

03 -047 -054 -049 -037 -062

so2

074 059 041 -002 052

Significant at the p s_ 005 level


tco not measured

-40b-

TABLE ID-22


AT CONCORD


TA98+59 100 096 034 031 046

TA98-S9 096 100 042 017 049

BAP 034 042 100 018 095

COR 0o3l 017 018 100 035

BZO 046 049 095 035 100

PBF -014 -026 -027 070 -015

BRF 009 -005 016 o79 028

KF 005 -009 013 074 020

ZNF -013 -017 -003 -004 005

FEF ooo -011 -036 060 -030

SIF -007 -017 -012 062 -011

CLF -002 001 055 -006 052

NIF -002 -014 019 o77 023

SF -001 -007 041 002 0o46

NO -3

057 055 071 037 082

co 056 053 004 050 015

NO 033 026 021 075 036

NO2 004 004 -026 050 -024

03 -009 -011 -040 -011 -039

502 038 040 040 -008 031



-40c-

TABLE m-23

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm3) SELECTED PAH ANO AIR POLLUTANTS

AT PITTSBURG


TA98+59 100 092 068 063 071

TA98-S9 092 100 075 057 071

BAP 068 075 100 083 085

COR 063 057 083 100 085

BZO 071 071 085 085 100

PBF 046 041 064 082 055

BRF 056 055 073 087 069

KF 049 040 050 076 056

ZNF 020 031 041 038 035

FEF 036 041 041 049 017

SIF 017 018 001 013 -021

CLF -031 -016 -007 -021 -006

NIF 073 064 049 057 056

SF 029 032 025 018 031

NO3 056 061 028 020 053

co 0 71 o 71 072 078 066

NO 059 051 055 056 042

NO2 025 023 059 074 049

03 -033 -050 -039 -012 -046

502 -025 -026 -032 -026 -051



-40lt3-

To summarize the correlations by station mutagenic density was correlated

positively with source tracers for automotive secondary and industrial

emissions The strengths of these correlations were different at the four

stations Aerosols collected at Richmond exhibited the strongest associashy

tion between mutagenicity and automotive tracers (PBF BRF) Concord

showed the strongest association between mutagenicity and secondary

aerosols (NO -) while mutagenicity was correlated with petrochemical3 industrial source tracers at Richmond and Martinez (so2 SF) These

geographic differences make physical sense in terms of what we know

about the sampling stations Richmond and Martinez have major refineries

nearby whereas Concord is located in the Diablo Valley a downwind

receptor area

4 Episode Comparisons

Although each sampling episode provided only 12 values (or less due to

missing data) for each pollutant variable comparisons of episodes provide

some information about possible seasonal differences in source patterns

Also qualitative comparisons with prevailing meteorological conditions can

be made

Summary Statistics

Summary statistics for air pollutants from each of the six episodes are

presented in Table Ill-24-29 The highest mean mutagenic density (+59)

was 33 revm3 measured during a cold weather episode (No VI) in 3January 1984 and the lowest was 7 revm during a warm August 1982

episode (No I) However the highest mutagenic specific activity (20

rev microg) was measured during September 1983 (No IV) The lowest ratio

of TA98NRTA98 (030) was also observed then suggesting that nitroarenes

may have contributed to the high specific activity of aerosols collected

in Episode IV

-41-

TABLE ill-24

SUMMARY ST A TISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE I 0600 August 23-1800 August 24 1982


M398PS9 revm3 4 7 4 3 11

M398MS9 revm3 4 3 1 ltl 4

ORG98PS9 revmicrog 4 12 ltl ltl 17

ORG98MS9 rev microg 4 ltl ltl ltl ltl

M398NRM revm3

NR98M3

BAP ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BKF ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BGP ngm3 4 04 01 02 05

COR ngm3 4 04 02 02 05

BZO ngm3 4 03 01 02 04

ORG microgm3 4 58 07 48 64

TSP microgm 3 4 37 11 24 52

NO3 microgm 3 4 41 07 32 47 so - microgm 3 4 64 07 57 724 BRF ngm3 4 19 6 12 24

PBF ngm3 4 148 58 85 202

BRFPBF 4 014 001 013 016

ZNF ngm3 4 24 12 9 37

KF ngm3 4 71 17 50 86

FEF ngm3 4 66 21 39 91

SIF ngm3 4 154 56 91 227

CLF ngm3 4 179 49 132 245

NIF ngm 3 4 6 8 2 18

SF ngm3 4 1671 316 1228 1955

co ppm 3 06 02 05 09

NO pphm 3 05 01 03 06

pphm 4 19 07 10 26NO2 03 pphm 4 25 02 22 27

pphm 4 02 02 00 05SOz

-41a-

TABLE ill- 25

SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE II 1800 October 12-0600 October 14 1982


M398PS9 3revm 4 24 7 16 32

M398MS9 3revm 4 10 2 8 13

ORG98PS9 rev microg 4 4 3 2 9

ORG98MS9 rev microg 4 2 l l 3

M398NRM 3revm 4 4 l 3 5

NR98M3 4 043 010 036 058

SAP 3ngm 4 02 01 02 03

SKF ngm3 4 01 oo 01 01

SGP 3ngm 4 15 06 09 22

COR ngm3 4 11 03 07 15

SZO 3ngm 4 11 03 08 14

ORG microgm 3 4 74 07 68 84

TSP 3microgm 4 92 26 69 124

NO3 3microgm 4 85 14 75 106

so=4

SRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

67

95

11

27

58

56

79

117

PSF 3ngm 4 538 92 407 605

SRFPSF 4 017 003 013 020

ZNF ngm3 4 34 11 18 44

KF 3ngm 4 350 78 247 429

FEF ngm3 4 243 85 169 357

SIF 3ngm 4 512 221 387 843

CLF 3ngm 4 101 96 44 244

NIF 3ngm 4 12 5 6 17

SF ngm3 4 2025 713 1225 2773

co ppm 3 15 01 14 17

NO pphm 3 28 14 14 42

NO2 pphm 4 43 06 37 49

03 pphm 4 24 09 15 35

so2 pphm 4 03 04 00 09

-41b-

TABLE ID-26

SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE ID 1800 May 17-0600 May 19 1983


M398PS9 revm3 4 13 6 7 19

M398MS9 3revm 4 6 2 4 9


ORG98MS9 rev microg 4 4 1 3 5

M398NRM 3revm

NR98M3

BAP 3ngm 4 01 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 01

BGP 3ngm 4 07 02 05 09

COR 3ngm 4 06 01 05 07

BZO 3ngm 4 03 02 01 05

ORG microgm 3 4 17 02 15 20

TSP microgm 3 4 68 18 47 91

NO3 microgm 3 4 67 10 57 80

so -4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

71

43

14

9

53

32

83

53

PBF ngm3 4 254 16 236 274

BRFPBF 4 017 005 014 024

ZNF ngm3 4 31 26 9 68

KF 3ngm 4 132 41 76 171

FEF ngm3 4 192 81 101 277

SIF 3ngm 4 486 369 147 952

CLF ngm3 4 698 998 62 2173

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1040 254 746 1360

co ppm 3 10 04 06 13

NO pphm 3 11 06 04 14

NO2 pphm 3 28 02 25 30

03 pphm 3 32 07 28 41

SO2 pphm 3 01 01 00 02

-4ic-

TABLE ill- 27

SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE IV 1800 September 12-0600 September 14 1983


M398PS9 revm 4 25 15 9 44

M398MS9 revm 4 12 7 4 21


ORG98MS9 revmicro g 3 9 4 6 14

M398NRM revm 4 2 1 2 3

NR98M3 4 030 026 015 069

BAP ngm 4 01 01 01 02

BKF ngm 4 01 00 01 01

BGP ngm 4 05 04 03 11

COR ngm 4 03 03 01 07

BZO ngm 4 03 03 01 07

ORG microgm3 3 16 01 15 17

TSP microgm 3 3 62 13 54 77

NO3- microgm3 3 57 01 57 58

so=4

microgm3 3 63 18 50 84

BRF ngm 4 23 11 9 32

PBF ngm 4 146 67 52 207

BRFPBF 4 016 002 014 018

ZNF ngm 4 18 9 9 28

KF ngm 4 94 29 55 124

FEF ngm 4 124 76 26 188

SIF ngm 4 292 203 56 487

CLF ngm 4 93 90 27 227

NIF ngm 4 10 12 2 27

SF ngm 4 1414 561 641 1902

co ppm 3 11 02 09 13

NO pphm 4 18 10 03 25

NO2 pphm 4 20 12 09 33

03 pphm 4 23 05 16 28

so2 pphm 4 04 06 oo 12

-41d-

TABLE ffi- 28

SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE V 1800 October 4-0600 October 6 1983


M398PS9 3revm 4 21 7middot 14 30

M398MS9 3revm 4 9 4 6 15



M398NRM 3revm 4 3 middotl 3 4

NR98M3 4 036 006 029 043

BAP 3ngm 4 02 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 02

BGP 3ngm 4 10 04 05 15

COR ngm3 4 06 03 03 09

BZO 3ngm 4 08 02 05 10

ORG microgm3 4 18 02 16 19

TSP 3microgm 4 57 4 54 63

NO3 so -

4 BRF

3microgm

microgm 3

3ngm

4

4

4

65

92

41

14

32

11

47

54

28

77

130

52

PBF ngm3 4 218 79 137 310

BRFPBF 4 021 008 015 033

ZNF ngm3 4 23 5 16 27

KF ngm3 4 91 23 64 120

FEF ngm3 4 97 25 73 120

SIF 3ngm 4 162 46 112 202

CLF ngm 3 4 171 153 43 393

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1097 536 516 1753

co ppm 3 13 05 07 17

NO pphm 4 22 08 11 30

NO2 pphm 4 26 06 22 35

03 pphm 4 26 01 24 27

so2 pphm 4 03 06 aa 11

-41e-

TABLE ill-29

SUMMARY STA TISTICS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE VI 1800 January 4-0600 January 6 1984


M398PS9 revm3 4 33 8 25 43

M398MS9 3revm 4 16 3 12 19

ORG98PS9 revmicrog 4 1B 3 16 21

ORG98MS9 revmicrog 4 8 l 7 10

M398NRM 3revm 4 5 l 4 7

NR98M3 4 033 001 032 035

BAP 3ngm 4 04 03 02 08

BKF ngm3 4 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 4 15 09 06 26

COR 3ngm 4 07 03 03 11

BZO 3ngm 4 18 11 09 32

ORG microgm 3 4 22 09 16 35

TSP microgm3 4 66 6 58 73

NO3 3microgm 4 150 34 118 18l

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

150

52

73

18

85

31

222

67

PBF ngm3 4 150 49 108 202

BRFPBF 4 035 006 028 041

ZNF ngm3 4 23 6 17 31

KF 3ngm 4 114 22 94 145

FEF ngm3 4 47 8 38 58

SIF 3ngm 4 139 17 120 154

CLF ngm3 4 319 45 282 380

NIF 3ngm 4 5 l 3 6

SF ngm3 4 3537 1983 2145 6473

co ppm 3 12 02 10 13

NO pphm 4 27 15 07 43

NO2 pphm 4 19 03 15 23

03 pphm 4 02 01 01 04

so2 pphm 4 10 16 oo 34

-41pound-

Higher concentrations of total benzene soluble organics were noted in

episodes I and II than in episodes III-VI suggesting a downward trend over

time In contrast concentrations of specific PAH varied widely from

episode to episode The highest concentrations of PAH were measured

in the stagnant October (1982) and cold January (1984) episodes while the

lowest PAH concentrations were measured during the warm weather

episodes of August 1982 and September 1983

For many particulate pollutants the highest concentrations occurred during

the October 1982 episode (No II) (Table III-25) This probably reflects

the stagnant conditions which prevailed (See episode description above)

These pollutants included TSP PBF FEF and SIF An exception was SF

which was highest during the January 1984 episode when easterly transport

prevailed

Previous me_asurements in Contra Costa County suggested contributions

to air pollution from wood burning in winter (18) In the present study

the KF e ratio associated with airborne particulate matter was used to

approximate the impact of wood combustion on ambient concentrations

The KFe ratio in soil is approximately 05 in emissions from some

non-wood combustion sources the range of ratios found is 02 to 03

Previously it was shown that the ratio in ambient air containing mostly

particles from wood combustion is gt8 (44) In the present comparison

the KFe ratio ranged from 09 to 16 in five of the six episodes However

during January 1984 the KFe ratio was higher 25 Furthermore the

ratio at night was 30 This suggests that during the winter episode some

of the aerosol was derived from wood combustion although not a major

proportion

Among the gases oxides of nitrogen (NO ) were highest in October 1982 X

(No II) o peaked during May 1983 (No III) and so varied from a low3 2

of 01 pphm in May 1983 to a high of 11 pphm in January 1984 (No

VI)

-42-

--- --- -------


Despite the small number of samples points for each episode two-variable

correlations were used to help define short-term phenomena The results

are shown in Tables III-30-35 Due to the small sample size interpretation

should be limited

There was considerable inconsistency from episode to episode of the

associations between mutagenic density on the one hand ~nd NO3- PBF

and BRF on the other Positive correlations with PB or BRF were very

significant (p lt001) in Episodes I and II not significant (at the p lt005

level) in No III significant in No IV and not significant in Episodes V

and VI Mutagenic density and NO - were significantly correlated only3

in Episode I Correlations were lowest during episodes when the range

of concentrations of the variables was small When the combined six

episode data base was analyzed the range of concentrations were greater

and mutagenicity was significantly correlated with PBF BRF and NO3-

Thus pollution patterns observed during each short-term episode did not

mirror the average pollution pattern observed when the data from six

episodes were combined

Mutagenic density variables (either +S9 or -S9) were correlated with COR

in all episodes except No II Mutagenicity correlations with BAP and

BZO were less frequently observed Note that during episode No III in

May 1983 no positive correlations between mutagenic density and any

other measured pollutant were observed (cf Table 111-32) However CLF

was significantly negatively correlated with mutagenic density (_S9)

Throughout sampling in May the winds were on-shore from the west

Among the gases NO was the best correlated with mutagenic density2 Significant positive correlations with NO were found in four episodes2 (No I II IV and V) This association should be investigated further

Finally CO was correlated with mutagenic density in episodes I (August

1982) and V (October 1984)

-43-

TABLE III-30

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm3) SELECTED PAH AND AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE I

0600 August 23-1800 August 24 1982

TA98+S9 TA98-S9 BAPt COR BZO

TA98+S9 100 090 000 052 033

TA98-S9 090 100 000 066 033

BAP 000 000 000 -aa 000

COR 052 066 000 100 059

BZO 032 033 000 059 100

PBF 097 088 000 056 040

BRF 087 082 000 059 068

KF 029 026 000 -041 -017

ZNF 083 061 000 018 004

FEF 032 003 000 -026 006

SIF 020 -003 000 -037 -010

CLF -032 -043 000 -049 003

NIF -026 -046 000 -049 -029

SF 029 006 000 -053 -038

NO -3 085 085 000 055 017

co 028 017 000 044 001

NO 037 017 OD 055 023

NO2 089 075 000 000 014

03 048 038 000 019 -013

so2 -014 -044 000 -056 -045


Significant at the p middot 001 level

tAll values lt detection limit (0lngm3)

-43a-

TABLE ill- 31 3CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm ff) SELECTED PAH

AND AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE 1800 October 12-0600 October 14 1982


TA98+S9 100 o71-H- 059 080 084

TA98-S9 071 100 078 053 068

BAP 059 078 100 071 082

COR 080 053 071 100 091

BZO 084 068 082 091 100

PBF 064 085 077 066 o73

BRF 067 084 084 073 080

KF 059 058 062 057 069

ZNF 050 070 037 031 040

FEF 039 075 057 027 043

SIF 013 032 028 015 023

CLF -032 005 -016 -039 -035

NIF -019 016 -024 -046 -040

SF -036 -007 -038 -061 -051

NO -3 050 025 010 020 026

co 082 086 081 080 092

NO 052 046 056 083 070

NO2 039 068 066 053 052

03 -007 -053 -056 -032 -033

so2 -022 -007 -005 -024 -013



-43b-

TABLE ID-32

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm31 SELECTED PAH ANO AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE rn

1800 May 17-0600 May 19 1983


TA98+S9 100 098 -037 046 -024

TA98-S9 098 100 -033 049 -017

BAP -037 -033 100 021 072

COR 046 049 021 100 056

BZO -024 -017 072 056 100

PBF 044 047 028 081 067

BRF 006 004 028 066 058

KF -038 -032 041 004 047

ZNF -003 002 016 041 055

FEF -001 007 062 009 057

SIF -022 -018 070 -017 045

CLF -066 -073 -017 -033 -017

NIF -041 -030 049 010 079

SF -040 -033 070 003 068

NO -3 015 026 040 049 061

co -003 -006 000 070 063

NO 003 006 000 083 070

NO2 040 045 000 073 078

03 019 025 000 -018 -011

so2 034 038 000 020 043



-43c-

TABLE ill-33

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm3J~ SELECTED PAH AND AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE 1v 1800 September 12-0600 September 14 1983


TA98+59 10 097 061 068 070

TA98-S9 097 100 062 065 074

BAP 061 062 100 086 089

COR 068 065 086 100 080

BZO 070 074 089 BO 100

PBF 068 070 063 041 063

BRF 051 056 048 026 0-52

KF 040 048 006 001 006

ZNF 028 029 -021 -031 -024

FEF 037 041 -006 -019 -002

SIF 025 029 -019 -033 -017

CLF -031 -025 021 -015 -009

NIF -012 -009 -039 -053 -010

SF -054 -048 -056 -0 70 -049

NO -3 033 038 -015 003 014

co 052 054 035 058 045

NO 047 039 000 006 009

NO2 057 060 058 047 082

03 010 013 -045 -030 -035

502 002 006 -029 -042 -002



-43d-

TABLE ill- 34

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm3) SELECTED PAH7AND AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE v 1800 October 4-0600 October 6 1983

TA98+59 TA98-S9 BAP COR BZO

TA98+S9 100 096-H- 062 079-H- 083-H-

TA98-S9 096-H- 100 051 064 070

BAP 062 051 100 061 062

COR 079 064 061 100 094

BZO 083-H- 070 062 094-ll- 100

PBF 050 041 030 062 066

BRF 027 018 025 OSi 056

KF 013 003 016 050 048

ZNF 061 055 021 065 081

FEF -002 -004 006 003 024

SIF -004 -002 009 -002 022

CLF -050 -039 -031 -045 -047

NIF -025 -029 013 -014 004

SF 014 003 009 053 040

NO -3 029 030 -007 005 014

co 081 070 051 083 071

NO 061 054 024 057 065

NO2 o79-H- 081 068 045 054

03 004 006 -040 011 012

so2 -051 -049 -023 -053 -043



-43e-

TABLE ill- 35

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MUTAGENIC DENSITY (revm3) SELECTED PAH AND AIR POLLUTANTS FROM EPISODE VI

1800 January 4-0600 January 6 1984


TA98+S9 100 091 031 085 048

TA98-S9 091-lE- 100 039 081-lE- 050

BAP 031 039 100 D54 096

COR 085-lE- 081 054 100 067

BZO 048 050 096 067 100

PBF 053 040 018 060 025

BRF 036 024 031 046 033

KF 010 -003 022 015 020

ZNF -031 -026 -023 -026 -030

FEF 027 013 -010 026 001

SIF -003 -005 004 003 -001

CLF -034 -048 027 -017 018

NIF -006 -010 -027 -041 -024

SF 004 -000 -006 005 -004

NO -3 -014 -007 -040 -056 -040

co 044 051 021 060 024

NO 003 -001 027 008 020

NO2 040 029 052 050 057

03 053 051 -013 045 001

so2 -032 038 -029 -058 -041



-43pound-

D Conclusions

An effective strategy to control levels of mutagenic density and PAH in

community aerosols should be guided by an understanding of the primary sources

and secondary transformations which produce the mutagens and PAH Our

analysis has shown that the aerosol variables which are the best predictors of

mutagenic density are No and PBF or BRF Furthermore the predictive value3

-

of NO - is area-wide Thus mutagens in particulate matter behaved like both3

primary automotive emission products and secondary aerosols The diurnal

differences in predictive value of PBF may be the result of meteorological

effects During the daytime ventilation was generally good so contributions of

area-wide secondary pollution were predominant During the nighttime lower

inversions and lighter surface winds presumably unmasked local transportation

sources The association of mutagenicity with NO --containing aerosols could3

also be related to atmospheric (or filter) transformations of mutagens catalyzed

by HNO3

Mutagenic density was also correlated with NO and No2 These

correlations were higher at night than by day especially with NO2 Nitration

reactions of PAH involving NO and NO radical at night have recently been2 3 suggested by Pitts et al (23)

Among the PAH coronene was strongly associated with automotive tracers (PBF

BRF) but not with NO3- Benzanthrone a partially oxidized carbonyl-arene

behaved more like mutagenic density than COR That is BZO was associated

with NO3

- as well as with PBF and BRF

Geographic comparisons revealed differences in associations between automotive

tracers and mutagens at different stations Correlations between mutagenic

density and automotive tracers (PBF and BRF) were highest at Richmond and

Pittsburg and lowest at Concord

A positive correlation between mutagenic density and NIF was observed at

Pittsburg but not at the other three locations It should be noted that Pittsburg

site was generally a receptor site (downwind and to the east of the refineries)

during episode sampling Martinez which is closest to the refineries had the

-44-

highest average nickel concentrations but the lowest average mutagenicity This

suggests that the refinery emissions are not identified with primary mutagenic

aerosol emissi ans but may contribute to secondary mutagenic aerosol concenshy

trations at downwind locations

Mutagenicity was also correlated with S compounds (SF 50 ) at Richmond and2

Martinez both industrial centers Thus sulfur producing sources including some

industries may also contribute to mutagenic aerosols Major industrial sources

of sulfur oxides are refineries in Richmond (Chevron) Martinez (Shell Tosco)

and Benicia (Exxon) and a chemical plant in Rodeo (Union) (28)

-45-

CHAPTER IV

SEASONAL VARIATIONS AND TRENDS IN Tl-pound CONCENTRATIONS OF

MUTAGENS PAH AND STANDARD PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS IN

CONTRA COSTA COMMUNITY AEROSOLS

A Introduction

The results of chronic monitoring studies provide critical baseline information

against which the impact of new or expanding technologies (eg diesel cars

waste-to-energy conversions) can be measured Although intensive sampling is

required for source identification (Chapter III) a chronic monitoring strategy is

essential to identify trends in the levels of toxic air contaminants

In our previous CARS-sponsored project in Contra Costa County (18) large

seasonal variations in PAH concentrations were observed Concentrations were

about five times higher in winter than in spring Qualitatively similar but

smaller seasonal swings were exhibited by mutagenic density total mass lead

and other particulate pollutants We concluded that these seasonal patterns

resulted primarily from meteorological variations not seasonal source differences

However we also suggested that wood smoke from fireplaces during the winter

contributed significantly to PAH but not to mutagenic aerosol concentrations

In the Bay Area seasonal changes in dispersal of pollutants are due to changes

in wind direction from west to east wind speeds and inversion heights Higher

concentrations of particulate pollutants during winter are generally observed

In the previous study we also concluded that annual average mutagenic density

and PAH concentrations in Contra Costa County had not changed significantly

between 1979 and 1982 The present study extends the analysis of seasonal

variations and trends through June 1984 using the same logistical plan (Figure

I-2)


Hi-vol samples were collected every sixth day at Concord Richmond and Pittsburg

and used to prepare composite samples for Ames and PAH testing Locations

-46-

and descriptions of the sites are found in Chapter III above Other particulate

pollutants analyzed in the composites were TSP LEAD so = NO - and ORG4 3

A portion of each filter was composited for PAH and mutagenicity testing

(Prior to compositing filters were stored for up to 2 years at -10degC in the

dark) Separate composites were prepared for each station Filters from each

of the three stations were composited over four-month intervals (July-October

November-February March-June) to give composite samples for analysis These

periods approximate the three meteorological seasons in the San Francisco Bay

air basin and also corresponds with those used in previous studies in Contra

Costa County (618)

In the current project samples collected during the period July 1982-June 1984

were composited for analysis of PAH and mutagenic activity Analysis of these

samples provides a continuous data base of concentrations of specific PAH and

mutagenic activity found in Contra Costa air particulate material collected over

a 60 month period from November 1979 through October 1984 Results of PAH

and mutagenicity measurements in composite samples were compared with other

particulate matter pollutants on a season-by-season and annual basis The PAH

and mutagenicity levels were also compared with those measured previously in

Contra Costa County and elsewhere

Air particulate material for mutagenic and PAH testing was collected on 8 x 10

glass fiber filters (Wh_atman) in standard hi-vol samplers The sampling rate 3 was 55-60 m per hour

Analyses of the standard chemical pollutants measured in the ARB air quality

network were carried out by the BAAQMD and AIHL using the standard methods

TSP is determined gravimetrically Pb by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence

so = turbidimetrically by SulfaVer NO - by a colorimetric procedure utilizing4 3

NitraVer 6 and NitraVer 3 pillows and ORGANICS by benzene extraction followed

by gravimetric determination (Table 1-2) (2831)

-47-

Compositing for mutagenic and PAH testing was performed by cutting pieces

from each filter combining filter disks and extracting with trisolvent as

described above To measure mutagenicity of composites the standard Ames

Salmonellamammalian microsome test was used as described in Chapter III

Methods for the analysis of selected PAH (BAP BKF BGP COR BZO) employed

HPLC with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection and were also as previously

decribed (18)


All results of composite sample analysis are listed in Appendix IV

Comparison by Station

Mean concentrations for pollutants measured at each station are presented in

Table IV-1 Major station-to-station differences were not apparent for most

variables including mutagenic density Among the PAH there were exceptions

however Concentrations of BAP BGP COR and BZO were about twice as high

at Concord as at Pittsburg Total benzene soluble organics (ORG) and lead

were also the highest at Concord

Over the 60 months of composite sampling Richmond had the highest mutagenic

density (114 revm 3 +S9) and Pittsburg the lowest (100 revm 3 +S9) Mutagenic

densities with metabolic activation (+S9) were about twice those measured without

it (-S9) at all three stations Thus the relative amounts of indirect and

direct-acting mutagens were about the same at all locations Richmond experishy

enced the highest so4

= levels (74 microgm 3) but the lowest NO - pollution levels3

(48 microgm 3) Petrochemical refining probably contributed to the so4

= at

Richmond As noted above refineries located in Richmond are major point

sources of sulfur oxides The largest fraction of sulfur oxides released by burning

fossil fuels is so2

so = is considered a secondary pollutant except from sea4

salt and surface entrainment However a proportion (1-2) of the sulfur oxides

from fossil fuel combustion is released as primary so (46)4

=

Seasonal Variations

The seasonal variations are shown in Table IV-2 The November-February (winter)

season middot had the highest concentrations for all the pollutants measured except

-48-

I

TABLE IV-1

MEAN ANO STANDARD DERNA TIONS IN CONCENTRATIONS OF AIR POLLUTANTS SAMPLED AT THREE CONTRA COST A STA TIONS

NOVEMBER 1979-0CTOBER 1984

Station

Richmond Concord Pittsburg Variable Units N Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD

TA98P 3revm 15 11 (7) 11 (7) 10 (7)

TA98M 3revm 15 6 (3) 6 (3) 6 (4)

TA98NRP 3revm 15 5 (3) 6 (3) 5 (3)

TA98NRM 3revm 15 3 (2) 2 (1) 2 (1)

TA98NRMTA98M 15 042 (022) 040 (030) 043 (034)

SAP 3ngm 15 03 (03) 06 (08) 02 (02)

SKF 3 ng 1m 15 02 (02) 03 (03) 02 (02)

SGP 3ngm 15 15 (13) 21 (21) 11 (10)

COR 3

ngm 15 10 (09) 12 (12) 07 (06)

BZO 3ngm 15 05 (06) 11 (15) 06 (08)

ORG 3microgm 15 37 (15) 51 (39) 34 (16)

MASS (TSP) 3microgm 15 57 (9) 51 (15) 64 (13)

LEAD (Hi Vol) 3microgm 15 027 (012) 034 (018) 023 (010)

NO -3

3microgm 14 48 (24) 60 (25) 66 (29)

so -4

3microgm 14 74 (17) 52 (13) 66 (15)

Data from July-October 1984 missing

SD == Standard Deviation

-48a-

TABLE IV-2

SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN CONTRA COST A AIR POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS (THREE STA TION AVERAGES)

NOVEMBER 1979-JUNE 1984

Station

Variable Units N Nov-Feb

Mean SD March-June

Mean so July-Oct

Mean SD

- I

TA98P

TA98M

TA98NRP

TA98NRM

TA98NRMTA98M

BAP

SKF

BGP

COR

BZO

ORG

MASS (TSP)

LEAD (Hi Vol)

N03

so=4

3revm

3revm

3revm

3revm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3microgm

3microgm

microgm 3

microgm3

3microgm

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

14

7

8

3

053

09

05

35

18

19

69

64

042

86

68

(8)

(4)

(2)

(1)

(033)

(06)

(02)

(15)

(10)

(11)

(25)

(13)

(015)

(22)

(22)

8

5

3

2

039

01

01

06

05

01

24

50

019

36

57

(6)

(3)

(2)

(1)

(027)

(002)

(004)

(03)

(03)

(01)

(09)

(10)

(004)

(08)

(11)

11

5

5

2

033

01

01

07

05)

02

28

58

022

50

68

(5)

(2)

(2)

(1)

(014)

(003)

(003)

(02)

(03)

(01)

(10)

(13)

(10)

(12)

(13)

N=l4 missing July-Oct 1984

SD = Standard Deviation

-48b-

so4- Levels of SO were the same during the July-October and Novembershy

4 -

3February seasons (ie 68 microgm ) and only about twenty percent lower during 3March-June (5 7 micro g m )

Concentrations of mutagenic density Pb NO and ORG were all about twice3

as high in the winter as in the spring (March-June)

In confirmation of earlier results (18) levels of specific PAH showed the largest

seasonal variations The concentration of BAP was 09 ngm 3 in Novembershy

February and lt01 ngm3 during the other two seasons SKF BGP and COR

were all 4-6 times more concentrated in winter while BZO was more than 10

times higher in the winter season The large seasonal changes among the PAH

could result (partially) from differences in source patterns Residential wood

combustion would be expected to contribute more to PAH pollution in the winter

Seasonal variations may also reflect selective losses of PAH in warmer seasons

through chemical tranformations in the atmosphere or through volatilization or

chemical transformations during sampling on filters These are topics for other

studies

With respect to possible atmospheric formation of nitroarenes we note that the

TA98NRTA98 ratio was lower in the warm weather seasons (March-June (039)

and July-October (036)) than in winter (November-February (053)) The lower

the ratio the greater the fraction of mutagenic activity contributed by nitroshy

organics including some NO PAH Regarding TA98NR some caveats should2 be included Strain TA98NR is deficient in the bacterial nitroreductase which

catalyzes the activation of most mononitroarenes (eg 1-nitropyrene) to mutagens

Thus a lower response in TA98NR relative to T A98 probably indicates the

presence of mononitroarenes in the sample However certain highly mutagenic

dinitroarenes (eg 18 dinitropyrene) are activated by a different nitroreductase

which is functional in TA98NR Since dinitropyrenes are highly mutagenic in

both T A98 and TA98NR the ratio of TA98NRTA98 could be high yet the sample

could contain these compounds and be highly mutagenic (Another nitroreducshy

tase-deficient strain TA98l8-DNP6

which lacks the specific nitro reductase

required for dinitropyrene activation can be used to indicate the presence of

dinitropyrenes in samples) (47)

-49-

The observation that higher concentrations of PAH mutagenic density and other

particulate matter pollutants occur in winter is consistent with results of our

earlier study in Contra Costa County (18) Values of mutagenic density are

also comparable to albiet somewhat lower than those measured in urban and

residential areas in Los Angeles (23) and elsewere (1648)

Trends

All data used in the analysis of trends are included in Appendix IV

As described in the following one of the most interesting and puzzling results

of this research is the apparent downward trend in some aerosol pollutant

concentrations and the apparent increasing trend in mutagenic density over time

Despite seasonal variations two standard measures of particulate matter pollution

(Pb N0 -) showed overall downward trends during the period (Figures IV-1-2)3

TSP and so levels were fairly constant (Figures IV-3-4) Similar trends were4

=

reported in our earlier study It is perhaps relevant to note that some of this

study was conducted during some of the wettest years ever recorded in California

On an annual basis PAH (and ORG) concentrations were fairlyen constant over

time the exception was in one unusually high winter season (November 1982-

February 1983) (Figures IV-5-8) The explanation for this one season excursion

was not obviously related to average meteorology during the four months of

sampling (38) November was cooler windier and much wetter than normal

December had nearly normal precipitation and ventilation January was dry and

stagnant in the first half and wet and windy in the second half while Februarys

weather was dominated by rain

Quantitative comparisons of trends in the inorganic and organic aerosol pollutants

described above are shown in Appendix V Linear regression analysis demonstrated

that between 1979 and 1984 statistically significant (plt 005) decreases in Pb

concentrations occurred during the Nov-Feb and July-Oct seasons as well as

-50-

SEASONAL COMPOSITES LEAD AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS

CI)

~

LI I ()

0 Pl J I

D lt w _J

1 0

09

08

01

o 6

o 5

o 4

o 3

02

o 1

o 0

lt I I-

v lt lt r r -lt lt r r lt L lt r lt lt r lt lt lt v lt lt t r lt r lt r lt lt r lt lt r lt lt r lt lt r lt lt r lt lt r lt lt NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV 79 80 80 BO 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD

Figure IV-1 Lead Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations Lead concentrations were measured every sixth day at each of three stations and the results averaged over four month se~sons (July-October NovembershyFebruary March-June)

SEASONAL COMPOSITES NITRATE AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS

12 0

Figure IV-2

10 0

cw 8 0

~

L) I )

Ul 0 tr I w 6 0

I-lta I-1--4

z 4 0

2 0

at each of three stations and the results averaged four month seasons (July-October November-February March-June)

0 0 I VVVVVLLLVVLVLVL(V(j(V(LLVLLLYLLLYLLJI ---1-NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD

Nitrate Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations Nitrate concentrations were measured every sixth day

oven

1-f

lt I

N

Q) --0 rO

-shy rO gt rO

+J 0 z

SEASONAL COMPOSITES TSP MASS AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS

90 __

Figure IV-3 TSP Mass Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations Total suspended particulate mass concentrations were measured every sixth day at each of three stations and the results averaged over four month seasons (July-October November-February March-June)

80

70

60 CI)

~

~ ~ so w~~~~~~~ W~4w I~ U1 40 ()

lt ~

30

20

10

0 1 r L pound lt K lt r r r lt r r Lr L lt Lr lt Lr r L r r lt r L L r L lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r lt r r lt lt

NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD

ro micro 0 z

SEASONAL COMPOSITES SULFATE AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS

120r-------------------------

Figure IV-4 Sulfate Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations Sulfate concentrations were measured every sixth day at each of three stations and the results averaged over four month seasons (Julyshy10 0

1--lt

October November-February March-June)

Cl) 8 0 E

- I J ltu-- I

0 p

fmiddot s aw l-lt LL _J J (f) 4 0

QJ --0 ro --

2 oL VY H N H Y AA A IVVVVV1 -~

O 0 I VLLLVLLLVLLLYLLLYLLLVLLLVLLLVLLLV(V((V(VVEEEV(1 L_ NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD

SEASONAL COMPOSITES ORGANICS AVERAGE OF THREE STAIONS

120-------------------------

10 0

Cl)

~ 80

L)

I l5 0

middot~(1)

601 ~ I

Figure IV-5 Organics Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations Benzene soluble organic concentrations were measured every sixth day at each of three stations and the results averaged over four month seasons (JulyshyOctober November-February March-June)

~ ~ I fU1 u z lt L) Ck 4 0 0

2 0

O 0 1 r lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt r r lt lt L r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt 1

NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV 79 80 80 NfJ ttfiR 1~L ttflV Mtf J~ Nfl Mb~ iL 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD

SEASONAL COMPOSITES BENZO(A)PYRENEltBAP) AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS

5 0

l Figure IV-6 Benzo(a)pyrene Seasonal Composites Average of Three

4 5 Stations BAP concentrations were measured in seasonal composite extracts prepared from hi-vol filters collected every sixth day at three stations

CII Separate station composites were prepared by comshyE 4 0 bining pieces of filters every four months and

(_) extracting Composite values at the three stations z were averaged to obtain the seasonal composite3 5

CL 3 0 lt

I CDu- _0 Hi w lt

II 2 5 0)z w 0 gt- 2 0 CL lt -J 1 50

z w CD

N

ldegr o 5 -

o 0 [ lt C C g C lt C [ C C C g lt lt C g lt c c g lt C lts ltlterltlt erltlt er cc cc cc er cc cs cc er cc er cc c


COMPOSITE PERIOD

~

L) z

I l5l 0

LO I w z

w z a a u

SEASONAL COMPOSITES CORONENE AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS

50 I

Figure IV-7 Coronene Seasona1 Composites Average of Three 4 5 - Stations Coronene concentrations were measured in

seasonal composite extracts prepared from hi-vol filters collected every sixth day at three stations Separate station composites were prepared by comshy4 0 bining pieces of filters every four months and extracting Composite values at the three stations were averaged to obtain the seasonal composite

35

3 0 I--lt

lt I

---J2 5

2 0

15

10

o 0 amp r c bull laquo s s bull laquo s laquo r lt laquo r _


COMPOSITE PERIOD

05

SEASONAL COMPOSITES BENZANTHRONECBO) AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS

50 _______________________

Figure IV-8 Benzanthrone Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations Benzanthrone concentrations were measured in seasonal composite extracts prepared from hi-vol filters collected every sixth day at three stations Separate station composites were prepared by combining pieces of

4 5

4 0 Cl) filters every four months and extracting Composite

~ values at the three stations were averaged to obtain the

seasonal composite middot tJ 3 5 z

3 0 I D u 0) lt 1 0

~ I CXlw 25

z D n J 2 0 1-z lt 1 5 N z w 0)

1 0

o 5

o 0 r c c r r r laquo r c r c c r c c r c -----

NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV middot MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD

SEASONAL COMPOSITES MUTAltTA98-S9) AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS1s o_______________________________________

Figure IV-9 Mutagenic Density (TA98-S9) Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations Mutagenic densities (-S9) were measured in seasonal composite extracts prepared from hi-vol filters collected every sixth day at three stashytions Separate station composites were prepared by combining pieces of filters every four months and exshy

m E -

tracting Composite values at the three stations averaged to obtain the seasonal composite

were

gt w 10 0 ~

I lJ1 0 I-middot I

-_ 0) U)

I--lt

lt I

lD

I CD 01 lt I- lt I-

50

J ~

O 0 1 y r pound r NOV MAR

r lt r lt pound

JUL L r pound

NOV lt L r -lt

MAR r lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r lt lt lt r c lt lt r lt lt

JUL NOV MAR JUL NOV MAR lt r JUL

lt lt r lt lt lt r lt

NOV MAR L lt r lt

JUL lt lt

NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD

SEASONAL COMPOSITES MUTAltTA98+S9) AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS

300-------------------------

25 0

Figure IV-10 Mutagenic Density (TA98+S9) Seasonal Composites Average of Three Stations Mutagenic densities (+S9) were measured in seasonal composite extracts prepared from hi-vol filters collected every sixth day at three stations Separate station composites were prepared by

m ~

combining pieces of filters every four months and extracting Composite values at the three stations

averaged to obtain the seasonal composite were

gt w 200 0

I 1--1 Ul 0 u

I

r- 0) () 15 0

lt I

0

+ CD 0) lt I- lt 10 0 I-J E

5 0

o 0 I 5 C C lt I C C C I C lt lt I lt lt C I C C C I lt lt C I C C lt I pound C C P lt C C [ C C C J C lt C [ C pound C I C C lt I C C L S C lt lt I


COMPOSITE PERIOD

MUTA TRENDS FOR NOV-FEB Figure IV-11AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS Mutagenic Density Trends for Nov-Feb Average300----~--------of Three Stations Trends in mutagenic density for the five winter seasons 1979-1984 are comshypared by linear regression analyss For TA98+S9 r=085 and b(slope)= 40 revyr bull For TA98-S9 r=079 and b=l9 revyr

250 cq

gt E MUTAC+S9)

SYMBOL=bull QJ LINETYPE=--shyL 200 y=a+bx

n=5 a=-79199920 s=2885 1608I gt-

lJ1 0 6=40030 s1t=l 4557 X I--lts11=4 6033 r=08461 ltI (f) I15 0 f--z

f--w A D MUTAC-S9)

SYMBOL=Au bull1-1 LINETYPE= middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middot z y=a+bx10 0 w bull n=5 ~ a=-38377400 e=16971295lt b=l 9400 eb=0 8563 J I-

A A A e_11=2 7078 r=0 7944

~ 50

00a--bull----------------------------------1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

MUTA TRENDS FOR MARCH-JUNE AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS

300-------------------~-- Figure IV-12 Mutagenic Density Trends for March-June Average of Three Stations Trends in mutagenic density for the five spring seasons 1979-1984 are compared by linear regression analysis For

250 TA98+S9- r=095 and b(slope) = 39 revyr For CIJ TA98-S9 r=091 and b = 19 revyr

gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=S a=-7781 7600 a=1492 4784middot I-lt

I gt-Ul I- b=39300 ea=0 7530 lt 0 1--t-tI- Ne_=2 3812 r-=09491

l

I (J) 150z

LlJ D MUTAC-S9)

SYMBOL=Au LINETYPE=middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middotmiddot middot middot middot t-t A y=a+bxz 10 0

LlJ n=5 lt ~ a=-38422800 e=981 2984

b=l9410 e11=0 4951I-) e_=1 5657 r-=09147E

-

5 0

a middotmiddotmiddotbull 001------1---=----1L---L--_j_____j____L__ _j

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

- middotAmiddotmiddotmiddot A

MUTA TRENDS FOR JULY-OCTOBER Figure IV-13AVERAGE OF THREE STATIONS

300 _______________ Mutagenic Density Trends for July-Oct Average of Three Stations Trends in mutagenic density for the five summer seasons 1979-1984 are compared by linear regression analysis For TA98+S9 r=083 and b(slope)= 20 revyr For TA98-S9 r=095 and b=l1 revyr250

(lJ

gt e MUTA(+S9)

SYMBOL=bull QJ LINETYPE=-shyL 2~t0 y=a+bbullx

n=5 1---ia=-39846460 e=1541 0467I gt-

~ I- I6=20160 ebull=0 7775 lt 0 I--1--t 8-x=2 4587 r=08315 w~ Cf)

15 0 z w D MUTA(-S9)

SYMBOL=Au 1--t LINETYPE=middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middot middot z y=a+bbullx10 0 w M=5() a=-21867120 e=435 3248lt b=l1060 e11=0 2196I-J ex=0 6946 r=09456 ~

bull

bull bull

A A bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ 5 0

A middotmiddotmiddotbullA A middotmiddotbull

00-------------------------------------

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

bullbull

TREND FOR TA98NRTA98 CONTRA COSTA COMPOSITE DATA 1979-1984

1 0

Figure IV-14 Seasonal Composite Trends for TA98NRTA98 Average of Three Stations Five year trends in the mutagenic density ratio TA98NR(-S9)TA98(-S9) are compared by season

~

middot-~- -~-- ~ - - middot _ - _ _ OV-FEB- -middot-- middot --bull

~ -~ - - JUL-OCT middotmiddotmiddotbull

MAR-JUN

I V1 0

~

00 0) lt f--~ z 00 0) ltf-

o 9

o 8

07

o 6 r-

o 5

o 4

o 3

o 2

o 1

o 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

lt I

--- ~

TABLE IV-3

COMPOSITE MUT AGENICITY TREND DAT A

STRATIFIED BY LOCATION

Mean Mutagenic Density in TA98+S9 by Year (3-Season Average) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

I Location Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean so lJl 0 0 I

Pittsburg 36 (22) 52 (35) 101 (49) 114 (34) 195 (93)

Richmond 66 (50) 114 (84) 69 (41) 136 (20) 187 (82)

Concord 45 (31) 81 (60) 97 (64) 145 (34) 188 (140)

3-Station Average 49 (34) 82 (61) 89 (48) 131 (29) 190 (65)

SD= Standard Deviation

TABLE IV-4

COMPOSITE MUTAGENICITY DATA STRATIFIED BY SEASON AND LOCATION

Mutagenic Density (TA98+S9) By Year Season Location 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

Nov-Feb Pittsburg 54 88 132 113 301 Richmond 123 127 113 147 274 Concord 48 144 55 148 226

Three Station Average 75 120 100 136 267 so (42) (29) (40) (20) (38)

Mar-June Pittsburg 11 18 45 81 161 Richmond 34 24 60 113 175 Concord 12 24 66 110 192


July-Oct Pittsburg 44 51 127 148 124 Richmond 40 191 33 147 111 Concord 74 74 171 178 147



-Sop-

TABLE IV-5

LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MUTAGENICITY DAT A (MUT AGENIC DENSITY IN TA98 + 59)

YEAR VERSUS LOCATION AND SEASON

TA98 + 59 Versus

R2Location Slope (rev yr) F Probability

bull Pittsburg

bull Richmond

092

069

38

26

36

7

0009

008

bull Concord 098 35 134 0001

TA98 + S9 Versus Season

bull Nov-Feb 072 40 8 007

bull March-June 090 39 27 001

bull July-Oct 069 20 7 008

Three Station (and Season) Average

093 33 41 0008

-50q-

on an annual basis For NO3- a statistically significant decrease also occurred

but only during the Nov-Feb season and on an annual basis No other statistically

significant changes were observed

In contrast to the downward trends in some standard aerosol pollutants (Pb

NO -) and the relative constancy of TSP so and PAH (on an annual basis)4

= 3

mutagenic density exhibited an increasing trend over time (Figures IV-9-10)

Concentrations of both direct-acting (-S9) and indirect-acting (+S9) mutagens

increased over the study period especially during the two seasons November

1983-June 1984 For example during the five winter seasons -59 values increased

from 4 to 14-revm3 and +S9 values from 75 to 27 revm3 (cf Figure IV-11)

Similar trends in mutagenicity were observed during the spring (Figure IV-12)

and summer (Figure IV-13)

The trend in mutagenicity can be analyzed in more detail by stratifying the

composite data by location and season Table IV-3 lists the (3-season average)

mutagenic density (+59) by location for the different years of the study

Qualitatively it is clear the increase in mutagenicity occurred at all three Contra

Costa locations Table IV-4 lists the mutagenic density (+S9) at each location

by season for each year of the study A nine-fold increase (from 2 to 18 3revertantsm ) occurred during the spring season a 2-3 fold increase (from 5

to 13 revertantsm 3) occurred during the summer and a 3-4 fold increase (from 375 to 27 revm ) in the winter as noted above

To provide further comparisons linear regression analysis was carried out relating

mutagenic density (+S9) with time both by station and by season The results

of linear regression analysis are listed in Table IV-5 The highest correlation 2between mutagenicity and time was at Concord (R = 098) and the lowest at

Richmond (R2 = 0 70) Thus the trend is most uniform at Concord a non-indust~ial

location and least uniform at Richmond an industrial location most subject to

marine influences Concerning the seasonal time trends the highest correlation

occurred in the spring (R2 = 090) when meteorlogical conditions are most 2 2uniform and the lowest in the summer (R = 069) and winter (R = 072) when

meteorological conditions are more variable

-51-

Increasing mutagenic density may reflect larger contributions from NOz-PAH

The possibility of an increasing impact over time of NO -PAH is suggested by2

a decreasing trend in the ratio of TA98NRTA98 (Figure IV-14) This decrease

suggests that NO -PAH are becoming more prominent contributors to the observed2

mutagenic density Combustion related emissions are well known primary sources

of nitroarenes which may also be produced by secondary atmospheric reactions

The increase in mutagenic density may also be due in part to lower rainfall in

the Bay Area during the first half of 1984 However it is not obvious how this

could lead specifically to higher pollution levels of mutagenic aerosols and not

other aerosol pollutants

Regarding the trends in mutagenic density described above some statements as

to the consistency and quality control of filters sample handling procedures

storage and mutagenic testing controls should be made The first issue conshy

founding the trend analysis concerns the filters used to collect the air particulate

matter Composites for Ames testing were prepared from particles collected

on glass fiber filters used during routine monitoring by the Bay Area Air Quality

Management District The filters were purchased under EPA specification Of

possible relevance to the trend analysis is the fact that the filters actually used

until December 1982 were Schleicher and Schwell f1-HV (SampS) while since

January 1983 Whatman EPM 2000 hi-vol filters have been used These two

filters have large variations in alkalinity (49) which could amplify the artifact

problem As described earlier gas phase HNO can bind to alkaline sites on3 glass fiber and bound HNO3 may catalyze chemical transformations of PAH to

produce highly mutagenic nitroaromatic compounds during sampling collection

The available alkalinities varied by about a factor of two from 73 micro equivg

for Whatman to 143 micro equivg for SampS filters (49) Fluctuations of this magnitude

make attempts at trend analysis difficult Nevertheless it should be noted that

the expected impact of changing from higher pH SampS to lower pH Whatman

filters is to decrease the potential for HNO -binding3

Following collections of filters by BAAQMD staff the filters were transported

to AIHL Because of logistical and resource limitations the time interval

-52-

between filter collection and delivery to the lab was typically 3-4 weeks during

which time the filters were held at room temperature Once in the lab within

several days pieces of filters for compositing were cut out and stored at -10degC

in glassine envelopes wrapped in aluminum foil inside of zip-lock plastic bags

The time of cold storage of composite filters in this manner varied from several

months to more than two years No appropriate data for investigating the

relationship between storage time and mutagenicity are available Also replicate

analysis of filters from the same composite was not performed so the variability

in the extraction and mutagenic assay of composites could not be assessed

However an estimate of the experiment-to-experiment variability in the Ames

assay itself can be obtained by comparing the variations in responses of positive

control mutagens which were tested in parallel with the composites The three

positive controls used and their respective coefficients of variation over the

study period were 2-aminofluorene 28 2-nitrofluorene 30 and 4-nitroshy

quinoline-N-oxide 30 Based on these quality control data we cannot rule

out the possibility that methodological factors may explain the positive trend

in mutagenic density

Although detailed analysis of weather patterns over the study period is beyond

the scope of this report the following observations may provide some insight

into the origins of the apparent increase in mutagenic density (Sandberg J

personal communication) The use of weather factors to adjust trend studies

has proved useful with ozone and of some value with carbon monoxide but of

limited value for particulate matter The 24-hour basis of particulate measureshy

ments and the strong diurnal patterns (including wind direction reversals) typically

observed in a 24-hour period in our complex terrain have made it difficult to

isolate the weather factors most relevant for TSP on different types of days

over the course of a year or series of years However the weather factors

for ozone may be relevant for the photochemically related nitrate compounds

(and nitroarenes) 1982 was a cool clean year and 1983 and 1984 were very

warm years with weaker than normal sea-breeze penetration related to the global

El Nino event Consequently days over the Federal ozone standard did increase

by a factor of four-from 5 in 1982 to 21 in 1983 and 22 in 1984 The ozone

season is an extended summer event but 1984 was particularly noteworthy for

-53-

its early ozone season with mid-summer weather conditions observed in mid-April

and in May These months are classed in our analytic scheme with spring which

is normally cool windy and clean Also the January and February weather

factors for 1984 were atypically warm and dry

Finally we speculate that the actual changes in diesel emissions (50) which took

place over the study period in Contra Costa County especially in the vicinity

of the sampling sites probably did not account for a major proportion of the

increase in mutagenic density Detailed inventories of diesel emissions in the

vicinity of the Contra Costa County sampling stations are being updated and

prepared The overall District diesel emissions do not rise sharply over the

sampling period but the expansion of the bus system in Contra Costa is being

analyzed by BAAQMO staff for local impact

D Conclusions

The following conclusions may be drawn from the results of composite filter

sampling carried out between November 1979-October 1984

1 Seasonal comparisons indicate that higher values of mutagenic density

Pb NO3

- and especially PAH were consistently observed in the winter

seasons (November-February)

2 Decreasing (annual) trends in concentrations of Pb and NO3- were also

measured

3 An increasing trend in the mutagenic density of Contra Costa aerosols

was observed The mutagenic density (revm3) of Contra Costa community

aerosols is three to four times higher in 1984 than it was in 1979 Further

monitoring is needed to determine the persistence of this trend Changes

of this magnitude in pollution concentrations frequently can be explained

by changes in wind direction andor velocity This is particularly true

with small sample sizes Perhaps this is also true for levels of

mutageni city

-54-

In conclusion we emphasize that in evaluating trends in air quality analysts

make one or both of two common assumptions

a Pollutant emissions are constant hence the variations in pollutant

concentrations are the result of some aspect of meteorological

conditions

b Meteorological conditions while not constant are effectively

smoothed out when analyzing long term (ie several years) of data

Since neither these assumptions is strictly valid it is virtually impossible to

establish true trends in pollutant concentrations or its corollary the effectiveness

of control strategies unless the function relationship between concentrations

and meteorology has been determined and this we have not done Only then

will it be possible to utilize historical data for the determination of the true

effectiveness of control strategies

-55-

REFERENCES

l Tokiwa H Takeyoshi H Morita K Takahashi K Saruta N Ohnishi Y (1976)

Detection of mutagenic activity in urban air pollutants Mutation Res 38

351-359

2 Talcott R Wei E (1977) Airborne mutagens bioassayed in Salmonella

typhimurium J Nat Cancer Inst 58 449-451

3 Pitts J Grosjean D Mischke T Simmon V Poole D (1977) Mutagencic activity

of airborne particulate organic pollutants Toxicology Letters l 65-70

4 rv111ller M and Alfheim I (1980) Mutagencity and PAH-analysis of airborne

particulate matter Atmos Environ 14 83-88

5 Chrisp CE Fisher GL (1980) Mutagenicity of airborne particles Mutation

Res 76143-164

6 Wesolowski J Flessel P Twiss S Cheng J Chan R Garcia L Ondo J Fong A

and Lum S (1981) The chemical and biochemcial characterization of particulate

matter as part of an epidemiological cancer study J Aerosol Sci 12 208-212

7 Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) (1980) Eleventh annual report of the

Council on Environmental Quality Washington DC US Government Printing

Office

8 State of California Air Resources Board A California Ambient Air Quality

Standard for Particulate Matter (PM ) Appendix 4 December 198210

9 National Academy of Science (1972) Particulate polycyclic organic matter

Committee of biological effects of atmospheric pollutants Washington DC

10 Gordon R Bryan R Rhim J Demoise C Wolford R Freeman A Heubner R

(1973) Transformation of rat and mouse embryo cells by a new class of

carcinogenic compounds isolated from particles in city air Int J Cancer

12233-232

-56-

11 Pitts J Formation and fate of gaseous and particulate mutagens and carcinogens

in real and simulated atmospheres (1983) Environ Health Perspec 47115-140

12 Ames B McCann J Yamasaki E (1975) Methods for detecting carcinogens and

mutagens with the Salmonellamammalian-microsome mutagenicity test Mutation

Res 31 347-364

13 Pitts J VanCauwenberge K Grosjean D Schmid J Fitz D Belser W Knudson S

Hynds P Atmospheric reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Facile

formation of mutagenic nitro derivatives (1978) Science 202515-519

14 Schuetzle D Perez J Factors incluencing the emissions of nitrated-polynuclear

aromatic hydrocarbons (Nitro-PAH) from diesel engines (1983) JAPCA 33751-

755

15 Wang Y Lee M-S King C Warner P (1980) Evidence for nitro aromatics as

direct-acting mutagens of airborne particulates Chemosphere 983-87

16 Siak J Chan T Gibson T Wolf G (1984) Contribution to bacterial mutagenicity

from nitro-PAH compounds in ambient aerosols paper 84-17 presented at the

77th Annual Meeting Air Pollution Control Association San Francisco June

1984

17 Pitts JN Jr Lokensgard OM Fitz DR (1982b) Chemical nature of particulate

atmospheric mutagens in Californias south coast air basin Final Report

California Air Resources Board Contract No AO-139-32

18 Flessel P Guirguis G Cheng J Chang K Hahn E Chan R Ondo J Fenske R

Twiss S Vance W Wesolowski J Kado N (1984) Monitoring of Mutagens and

Carcinogens in Community Air Final Report California Air Resources Board

Contract No Al-029-32

19 Kado NY Langley D Eisenstadt E (1983) A simple modification of the

Salmonella liquid incubation assay increased sensitivity for detecting mutagens

in human urine Mutation Res 12125-32

-57-

20 Gorse R Riley F Ferris F Pero A Skerves L (1983) lNitropyrene concentrations

and bacterial mutagenicity in on-road vehicle particulate emissions Environ

Sci Technol 17198-202

21 Gibson T (1982) Nitro derivatives of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in

airborne and source particulate matter Atmos Environ 162037-2040

22 Sweetman J Harger W Fitz D Paur HR Winer A Pitts J (1984) Diurnal

mutagenicity of airborne particulate organic matter adjacent to a heavily traveled

West Los Angeles freeway paper 84-165 presented at the 77th Annual Meeting

Air Pollution Control Association San Francisco June 1984

23 Pitts J Winer A Sweetman J et al (1984) Particulate and Gas Phase Mutagens

in Ambient and Simulated Atmospheres Final Report California Air Resources

Board Contract No A3-049-32

24 Shepson P Kleindierst T Edney E Namie G Pittman J Cupitt L Claxton L

(1985) The Mutagenic Activity of Irradiated TolueneNOxH OAir Mixtures2 Environ Sci Tecnol 19249-255

25 Albrechcinski T Michalovic J Gibson T (1984) Atmospheric reactions of

polynuclear aromatic compounds as measured in a smog chamber In Polynuclear

Aromatic Hydrocarbons edited by M Cooke and A Dennis Battelle (in press)

26 Siak J Chan T Gibson T Wolff G (1985) Contribution to Bacterial Mutagenici ty

from Nitro-PAH Compounds in Ambient Aerosols Atmos Environ 19369-376

27 Appel B Tokiwa Y Haik M Kothny E (1984) Artifact Particulate Sulfate and

Nitrate Formation on Filter Media Atmos Environ 18 409-416

28 Bay Area Air Quality Management District Air Quality Handbook 1983-84 (1984)

Bay Area Air Quality Management District San Francisco CA

29 Pitts JN Jr Harger W Lokensgard OM Fitz DR Scorziell GM Mejia V (1982a)

Diurnal variations in the mutagenicity of airborne particulate organic matter in

Californias south coast air basin Mutation Res 10435-41

-58-

30 Grosjean D (1983) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Los Angeles air from

samples collected on teflon glass and quart filters Atmospheric Environment

172565-2573

31 US EPA (1981) Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement

Systems Vol II Ambient Air Specific Methods Revision No 3 EPA-6004-77-

027a

32 Loo BW Adachi RS Cork CP Goulding FS Jaklevic JM Landis DA Searles WL

(1979) A second generation dichotomous sampler for larger-scale monitoring

of airborne particulate matter LBL-8725 Presented at the 86th annual meeting

of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Houston Texas

33 Flessel P Wesolowski J Twiss S Cheng J Ondo J Manto N Chan R (1982)

The integration of the Ames bioassay and chemical analyses in an epidemiological

cancer incidence study In Second Symposium on Application of Short-term

Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures

(Waters M ed) New York Plenum Press pp 61-84

34 California Department of Health Services (1973) Determination of particulate

lead Method 41 Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Berkeley CA

35 McCann J Springarn NE Kobori J Ames BN (1975) Detection of carcinogens

as mutagens bacterial tester strains with R factor plasmids Proc Natl Acad

Sci (USA) 72979-983

36 Rosenkranz HS Speck WT (1976) Activation of nitrofurantoin to a mutagen

by rat liver nitroreductase Biochem Pharmacol 251555-1556

37 Lowry OH Rosenbrough JN Fan A Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement

with folin phenol reagent J Biol Chem 193265-275

38 Rosenkranz HS Mermelstein R (1983) Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of

nitroarenes All nitro-containing chemicals were not created equal Mutation

Res 114217-267

-59-

39 Flessel CP Guirguis GN Cheng JC Chang K Hahn ES Twiss S Wesolowski JJ

(1985) Sources of mutagens in Contra Costa County community aerosols during

pollution episodes diurnal variations and relations to source emissions tracers

Environ Internatl (in press)

40 Talcott R Harger W (1980) Airborne mutagens extracted from particles of

respirable size Mutation Res 79177-180

41 Sorenson WG Whang W Simpson JP Hearl FJ Ong T (1982) Studies of the

mutagenic response of Salmonella typhimurium T A98 to size-fractionated air

particles comparison of the fluctuation and plate incorporation tests Environ

Mut 4531-541

42 Giaque R Goulding F Jaklevic J Pehl R (1972) Trace element analysis with

semiconductor detector x-ray spectrometers LBL report-647 Technical Informashy

tion Division Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

43 Statistical Analysis System Users Guide (1979) Helwig J and Council K eds

SAS Institute Inc Box 8000 Cary North Carolina 27511

44 Sexton K Liu K Hayward S Spengler J (1985) Characterization and source

Apportionment of Wintertime Aerosol in a Wood-Burning Community Atmosph

Environ (in press)

45 Fitz D Lokensgard D Doyle G (1984) Investigation of Filtration Artifacts

When Sampling Ambient Particulate Matter for Mutagen Assay Atmosph

Environ 18205-213

46 Appel B Wau S Wesolowski J (1976) The Chemistry Dispersion and Transport

of Air Pollutants emitted from Fossil Fuel Power Plants in California Final

Report California Air Resources Board Research Contract No ARB 3-948

47 Rosenkranz E McCoy E Mermelstein R Rosenkranz H (1982) Evidence for

Existence of Distinct Nitroreductases in Salmonella typhimurium Roles in

Mutagenesis Carcinogenesis l= 121-123

-60-

48 Takeda N Teranishi K Hamada K (1984) Mutagenicity of air pollutants

collected at industrial urban-residential and rural areas Bull Environ Contamin

Toxicol 32 688-692

49 Witz S Smith M Moore A (1983) = Comparative Performance of Glass Fiber

Hi-Vol Filters J Air Poll Control Assn 33988-991

50 Wei E Wang Y Rappaport S Diesel emissions and the Ames test A

Commentary (1980) J Air Pollut Control Assoc 30267-271

-61-

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

APPENDIX IV

APPENDIX V

Wind Speed and Direction at the Mountain View Sewage

Treatment Plant Martinez During Six Sampling Episodes

(1982-1984)

San Francisco Bay Area Weather Factors During Six Sampling


Complete Correlation Matrices for Combined Episodes Dayshy

time and Nighttime Samples and the Four Stations

Complete Data Set for Contra Costa Seasonal Composites

Nov 1979-0ct 1984

Linear Regression Slopes of Composite Aerosol Pollutant


-62-

APPENDIX I

WINDSPEED and DIRECTION MOUNTAIN VIEW SEWAGE TREATMENT

DURING SIX SAMPLING EPISODES

DATE 82382

PST DRCTN SPEED(m[h) PST

0300 285

0400 285

0500 285

0600 270

0700 270

0800 285

0900 285

1000 285

1100 285

1200 285

1300 300

1400 270

1500 270

1600 270

1700 270

1800 270

1900 255

2000 255

2100 285

2200 285

2300 270

2400 255

12

11

10

8

7

10

12

14

12

12

12

12

12

12

10

9

8

7

6

8

9

9

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

at the PLANT MARTINEZ (1982 - 1984)

82482

DRCTN SPEED(m[h)

255 9

240 7

240 8

240 8

240 7

240 8

240 7

255 7

270 11

270 13

270 14

285 13

285 13

285 12

270 11

255 10

255 9

270 10

270 9

240 7

210 3

270 6

240 2

60 1

APPENDIX I (continued)

DATE 101282 101382 101482

PST DRCTN SPEED PST DRCTN SPEED PST DRCTN SPEED

0100 195 2 0100 225 2

0200 195 2 0200 225 2

0300 240 3 0300 270 4

0400 255 3 0400 270 4

0500 240 3 0500 285 4

0600 VRBL 1 0600 285 6

0700 VRBL 1 0700 285 8

0800 VRBL 1 0800 285 9

0900 VRBL 1 0900 285 10

1000 60 5 1000 285 10

1100 45 6 1100 285 10

1200 30 4 1200 285 10

1300 30 6 1300 285 9

1400 30 8

1500 30 10 1500 45 5

1600 45 8 1600 45 3

1700 45 6 1700 345 2

1800 60 2 1800 255 1

1900 VRBL 1 1900 225 3

2000 210 1 2000 270 3

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 285 3

2300 210 1 2300 255 3

2400 VRBL 1 2400 240 1


DATE 51783 51883 51983


0100 255 4 0100 VRBL 1

0200 255 4 02JO 210 1

0300 255 3 0300 150 1

0400 240 2 0400 195 2

0500 195 1 0500 VRBL 1

0600 VRBL 1 0600 210 2

0700 240 2 0700 VRBl 1

0800 240 3 0800 VRBL 1

0900 270 5 0900 VRBL 1

1000 300 5 1000 VRBL 2

1100 300 4 1100 030 8

1200 315 5 1200 030 9

1300 300 3 1300 030 10

1400 300 5 1400 030 10

1500 300 5 1500 030 8

1600 360 5 1600 300 6 1600 030 6

1700 300 7 1700 300 6 1700 030 6

1800 285 8 1800 285 4 1800 330 2

1900 285 7 1900 285 5 1900 300 5

2000 270 3 2000 285 6 2000 285 6

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6 2100 285 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 5 2200 225 3

2300 VRBL 1 2300 270 3 2300 210 1

2400 255 4 2400 VRBL 1 2400 VRBL 1


DATE 91283 91383 91483


0100 240 2 0100 270 5

0200 VRBL 1 0200 270 6

0300 VRBL ltl 0300 270 6

0400 255 1 0400 270 5

0500 270 2 0500 270 7

0600 VRBL 1 0600 270 7

0700 VRBL ltl 0700 270 7

0800 300 3 0800 270 7

0900 285 7

1000 285 8

1100 300 9

1200 300 9

1300 300 10

1400 300 10

1500 285 10

1600 285 9

1700 360 4 1700 270 9

1800 360 4 1800 270 9

1900 300 3 1900 8285

2000 VRBL 1 2000 270 8

2100 300 2 2100 270 8

2200 300 4 2200 285 4

2300 285 4 2300 270 3

2400 300 2 2400 270 7


DATE 10483 10583 10683


0100 VRBL 1 0100 255 7

0200 225 2 0200 240 8

0300 150 2 0300 240 5

0400 195 2 0400 255 5

0500 255 1 0500 255 6

0600 240 2 0600 210 2

0700 210 1 0700 255 5

0800 240 3 0800 270 7

0900 300 4 0900 240 5

1000 300 5 1000 315 5

1100 270 9 1100 315 4

1200 270 9 1200 315 3

1300 240 10 1300 345 4

1400 240 8 1400 360 3

1500 240 7 1500 360 4

1600 225 8 1600 345 3

1700 285 5 1700 225 9

1800 270 2 1800 240 5

1900 270 5 1900 225 8

2000 270 6 2000 255 8

2100 270 3 2100 255 4

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 7

2300 MISSING 2300 270 7

2400 MISSING 2400 255 7


DATE 1484 1584 1684


0100 060 6 0100 045 7

0200 060 7 0200 045 8

0300 060 5 0300 045 8

0400 060 6 0400 045 8

0500 045 6 0500 045 8

0600 045 6 0700 060 7

0700 045 middot 6 0800 045 6

0800 045 6

0900 045 5

1000 045 6

1100 060 6

1200 045 7

1300 045 6

1400 060 7

1500 030 6

1600 015 5

1700 015 4 1700 030 6

1800 015 4 1800 030 5

1900 015 4 1900 030 6

2000 030 4 2000 030 5

2100 030 5 2100 045 6

2200 030 5 2200 045 7

2300 030 6 2300 045 5

2400 030 6 2400 045 6

APPENDIX II SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA

WEATHER FACTORS DURING SIX SAMPLING EPISODES 1982-84

BAY AREA WEATHER FACTORS Include

Mean wind speed in mph for Central (C) from SFO airport for North from BAAQMD Vallejo (VA) station for South from BAAQMD San Jose (SJ) station

Mean max temperature (deg F) for C averaged from SFO and SF for North from San Rafael (SR) for South from SJ

Total insolation in Langleysday as measured by Eppley pyranometer

Ventilation from OAK radiosonde data on 1 to 5 scale of increasing intensity with airflow direction at 1000 millibar level

Stability factor is temp (deg F) at 2500 feet minus that at the surface representing low-level inversion strength at Oakland OA Condord CC and SJ Vertical mixing decreases with algebraic value of stability factor

These data published monthly by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District Technical Services Division 117 in Contaminant and Weather Summary

APPENDIX II SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA WEATHER FACTORS DURING 1982-1984 EPISODES

Date Mean wind Speed (mph) Max Temp (F) Insolation (LYday) Ventilation Stability Factor

C VA SJ C SR SJ SF SR SJ 4am 4pm OA cc SJ

August 1982 144 68 34 71 81 84 259 435 415 NW2 W2 25 20 17 M 23 144 68 34 71 81 84 259 435 415 NW2 W2 25 20 17 T 24 12 2 67 3 1 63 79 77 185 438 380 W2 W2 9 9 3

Oct 1982 T 12 96 27 15 76 84 86 265 288 265 LVI 12 18 9 W 13 10 9 23 17 76 87 88 265 270 275 LVI

Th 14 151 23 1 7 62 74 75 202 222 215 WI NWI 12 15 9

May 1983 T 17 78 32 31 82 88 86 460 516 500 NI W2 15 13 6 W 18 12 1 29 34 76 87 90 433 492 485 SEI NWI 14 15 8

TH 19 66 30 34 88 92 90 469 528 490 LVI NES 10 8 2

September 1983 M 12 75 28 98 101 99 359 396 LVI NWI 17 22 12 T 13 150 43 78 91 89 369 444 WI W2 10 19 4 W 14 109 24 84 92 93 372 420 NWI NWI 20 21 13

Oct 1983 w 5 83 49 30 74 78 86 282 351 306 SI W3 10 15 15

TH 6 94 28 22 78 80 82 274 336 227 NW2 Wl 6 13 13

Jan 1984 w 4 79 81 1 0 58 54 62 141 144 125 EI NE2 8 11 9

TH 5 82 67 1 4 54 51 57 142 72 110 NEI SE2 14 15 10 F 6 80 76 1 0 54 49 56 160 81 85 EI NW2 19 20 14

APPENDIX III COMPLETE CORRELATION MATRICES FOR COMBINED EPISODES DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME SAMPLES AND THE FOUR STATIONS

1 SAS 1 S 27 l~EDNESDA Y MARCH 13 1985

VARIABLE N MEAN STD DEV SUM MINIMUM MAXIMUM -middotmiddot-middotmiddot bull-----middot--middot- bullr-bullbullmiddot-middotmiddot----middotmiddot~bullmiddot--middot-bull------ --- ---middot-~---- ---middotmiddot middot------------middot

TA98P 72 1984166665 12 01082550 1428 5999988 0 60000000 58 39999998

TA9BM 72 9 14166666 5 67484565 658 1999995 o 40000000 26 79999995 -~--~bull~----- ---------- -~- --------

13AP 72 020000000 0 24321786 14 4000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

COR 72 0 58055556 0 39B81475 418000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

130 72 0 75000000 0 85B26553 540000000 o 10000000 5 10000000 1middot

PI3F 72 239 69152778 177 68068817 17257 7900000 17 00000000 950 00000000 I

13RF 72 44 50416667 34 50425341 3204 3000000 600000000 18400000000

KF 72 136 10416667 105 51221468 9799 5000000 31 00000000 491 00000000 -middot---- -- ----middot---middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - --middot - middot-----middotmiddot---~- -- middot-middot ----middot

ZNF 72 24 71250000 1920486248 17793000000 300000000 123 00000000 I FEF 72 12533472222 101 30239095 9024 1000000 1200000000 45000000000

SIF 72 28335000000 242 67248939 20401 2000000 24 00000000 122000000000 middotmiddot- ----middot-middotmiddotmiddot ~ --

CLF 72 288 53888889 527 75181308 207748000000 12 00000000 305000000000

NIF 72 7 79722222 883981027 561 4000000 200000000 4800000000

SF 72 1794 80000000 1319 22627505 1292256000000 442 00000000 7640 00000000 -- -----

N03 71 7 59577465 4 67578676 5392999998 3 00000000 24 50000000

co 54 1 09999985 0 46702578 59 3999917 0 19999999 2 79999924

NO 63 1 79047593 1 46702605 112 7999833 0 6 39999962 1 N02 69 2 59420248 1 27543350 178 9999712 o 09999996 629999924 I~

~ 03 69 l 99565192 1 45535861 137 6999827 0 5 89999962

802 69 0 36811586 0 75078232 25 3999946 0 4 29999924 I middotbull

1 I1 r-

CORRELATIONS OF COMBINED EPISODE DATA pp 1-5

18 15 27 l-JEDNESDAY MARCH L 1985 2

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROB ) IR I UNDER HO RHO=O I NUMBER OF OBSERVATI l_S

TA98P TA9811 BAP COR BO PBF

-- ------ -middotmiddot

BRF ---- ---------

KF - - --- -middot --middot

ZNF FEF SIF

-middot--~---middot---- -----middot--

CLF NIF I a

I J1

TA98P 1 00000 0 0000

72

094186 0 0)01

72

0 45133 0 0001

72

0 54114 0 0001

72

060456 0 0001

72

0 27814 00180

72

039989 0 0005

72

0 26186 00263

middot 72

0 11718 03270

middot- 72

008699 0 4675

72

-001756 -026919 -009966 08836 00222 o 4049

72 72middot middot 72 --middot middotmiddotmiddot-

ibull 16

I middotbull

TA98M 0 94186 l 00000 0 48788 043885 0 59108 0 24562 037749 021840 0 12304 o 12537 001425 -022215 -007457 11

0 0001 0 0000 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00376 00011 00653 0 3032 02940 09054 00607 0 5336 1-i

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 1

BAP 0 45133 0 4878B 100000 03760B 092099 007810 0 30205 i)middot 15420 -0 -00763 -o 07278 -o 06918 0 01398-middot-0 t1687 middot - -- bull 7

0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 0011 o 0001 0 5144 00099 0 1959 09493 0 5435 0 5636 09072 03282 I B

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 19

(

COR 0 54114 0 0001

72

0 43885 0 0001

72

037608 0 0011

72

1 00000 00000

72middotmiddot

0 55756 0 70548 073679 0 5B534 0 26894 0 0001 00001 00001 00001 00224

72middotmiddotmiddot 72 72-middot ---middot middot middot middot 72middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot 72

028486 00153

72

0 13409 -o 14507 -020329 02615 02240 0 0868

72-- 12---middot-middot 72-middotmiddot-

jI

i bullmiddot

BO 0 60456 0 59108 092099 0 55756 1 00000 0 19453 0431366 0 25566 008036 -005102 -008937 -0 05174 -o 11664 I~ Fgt

1n fl

Imiddotmiddotbull I

fBF

0 0001 72

0 27814 00180

72

0 0001 72

o 2462 00376

72

0 0001 72

o oeHt 0 5144

72

00001 00000 0 1015 00001 0 0302 middot 0 5022 middot 06704 0 4553 0 6660 03292 1-9

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 I o

2lmiddoto104e-middot--o-1c4~--1--ooooo---o--middotP0353--0middot831-i~~7---cr 7363emiddot-~-~20tmiddot-o- t47~----middotmiddotmiddot-middot t0 0001 o 1015 00000 00001 00001 00001 00001 00001 02149 0 1222 i72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

If

middot BRF 0 39989

0 0005 72

0 37749 0 0011

72

030205 0 0)99

72

0 73679 0 0001

72-

043866 o 0001

72

0 90353 0 0001

72

1 0IJ000 0 82557 0 42057 00000 00001 0 0002

12-- -- 72--middot- 72

060402 0 0001

72

0 40616 -0 01936 0 14256 00004 08718 02322

72 middot - 72middotmiddot 72 -middotmiddotmiddot middot-- -

Hbull

1 middot-middot i

~bull

KF 0 26186 021840 0 15420 0 58534 025566 083143 082557 1 00000 0 43057 o 69375 0 56748 000848 020696 00263 00653 0 1959 00001 00302 00001 00001 00000 00002 00001 0 0001 09437 00811

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

ZNF 011718 0 3270

72

0 12304 -0 00763 0 3032 09493

72 72

0 26894 0 0224

72

middot 0 0B036 middot 0 5022

72

0 49237 0 0001

72

0middot42557-00002

72

0 4305-Y- middotmiddotL 00000 00002 000OIJ

72 72

0 51 986 0 0001

72

03036B 00095

72

middotO 07131--0 5516

72

030021 0 0104

72

middot-- ---f

- i

FEF 0 08699 0 12537 -007278 0 28486 -005102 0 73638 060402 069375 0 51986 1 00000 0 87518 -0 13744 044345 0 4675 0 2940 0 5435 00153 0 6704 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0001 00000 00001 0 2496 00001

I

72 72 72 72 middot 72 72 72--- --- middot 72--- 72 72 72 72 72 - - Jc fl

SIF -001756 001425 -006918 0 13409 -008937 0 52051 0 40616 0 56748 03036B 0 87518 1 00000 -o 10739 0 37160 0 8836 0 9054 0 5636 02615 0 4553 0 0001 00004 00001 00095 0 0001 00000 0 3692 00013

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 i 103

CLF -0 26919 -022215middot 001398 -o 14507 -005174 -o 14795 -001936- 0 00848 middot 0 07131 -o 13744middot -o 10139 1 00000middot -o 08486 middot - middot-middot - 114bull

0 0222 0 0607 09072 02240 06660 02149 08718 0 9437 0 5516 0 2496 03692 00000 0 4785 middotbull~

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

NIF -o 09966 0 4049

72

-o 07457 0 5336

72

-0 11687 0 3282

72

-o 20329 0 0868

72

-o 11664 03292

72

0 18383 0 1222

72

0 14256 02322

72

0 20696 0 0811

72

0 30021 0 0104

72

0 44345 0 0001

72

0 37160 -0 08486 0 0013 0 4785

72 72

1 00000 00000

72middot middot ---

11

-middot ~

middotc

3 SAS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROB) fRI UNDER H0RHO=O NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS

TA98P TA98M BAP COR BO PBF BRF KF --- ~~~---- FEF ~---middot-CL----NIF 1 r

SF 0 21728 0 23319 0 27653 0 03011 0 36289 0 03302 0 24073 0 14947 0 14618 -0 07158 -0 03584 -o 03273 0 21207 li 0 0667 0 0487 0 0187 0 8017 0 0017 0 7830 0 0417 02101 02205 0 5502 0 7650 0 7849 0 0737 bull

12 12 12 12- 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 I middot --j

ND3 0 49496 0 51066 0 32107 0 14935 0 47658 -0 03134 0 16413 0 16149 0 22443 -0 08395 -0 07644 -0 01536 0 04641

00001 71

00001 71

00063 71

02138 71

00001 71

07953 71

01714 71

01785 71

00599 71

04864 71

05264 71

08989 71

07007 71

1t Ii

CQ 0 54527 0 0001

0 51478 0 0001

0 22569 0 1008

0 71090 0 0001

0 36294 o 0070

0 63471 0 0001

0 66256 0 49970 0 0001 middotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 0001-

0 33739 - 0 0126

0 40650 0 0023

0 20033 0 1464

-0 05903 0 6716-

0 25321 0 0647 middot- -middot -

I

-1 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54

gt ND 0 51037 0 44927 033604 049429 044249 0 48813 064595 0 37869 0 12802 027377 0 19516 -0 15416 0 14321 middot11

0 0001 0 0002 0 0071 00001 00003 00001 0 0001 0 0022 03174 0 0299 0 1253 0 2277 0 2628 bull

63 63 63 63 63 63 -middotmiddot 6-=-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot --6~ -- - --- 63 63 63 __ --- -- _63- - - ~3 --- --- 11

ND2 0 32113 031262 0 10563 060602 0 17894 082420 069757 0 60710 043082 063826 047300 -0 12231 024964 i~ 0 0071

69 0 0089

69 0 3877

69 0 0001

69 0 1413

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 -0 0002

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 0 3167

69 0 0386

69

- 1 t J

I 03 -0 27144 -0 35349 -0 40103 -O 1~963 -0 43105 -0 00401 -0 21271 0 04710 0 11161 0 18520 0 1901 -0 05802 0 07773 11

I 0 0241 -- - 0 0029- 0 0006 --02884 middot 0 0002 middot ~- 0 9739 middot middot middot 0 019a---0-700~---)--863middotmiddotmiddot 0 1276-----0 108(3-- --0middot0358--0-6i6S---------~ 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 10 f lS

802 0 04063 0 05412 -o 02478 -0 27496 -0 02399 -o 08152 0 06775 0 01647 0 04868 0 06690 0 12398 -0 03378- 0 33455 ---1 0 7403

69 0 6587

69 0 8398

69 0 0222

69 o 8449

69 0 5055

69 0 5802

69 0 8932

69 0 6912

69 0 5850

69 0 3101

69 0 7B29 0 0050 fi

69 69 I middotmiddot--- ---- middotmiddot-middotbullmiddot- -~----=middot=----~ -~- -~-~---- ~--1

SF N03 CO ND N02 03 S02

TA98P 0 21728 049496 0 54527 0 51037 032113 -027144 004063 0 0667

72 0 0001

71 0 0001

54 0 0001

63 0 0071

69 0 0241

69 0 7403

- 69-- -------- - - - - ---1

llltI--- - -- _lI

1middotmiddot 11i TA98M 0 23319 0 51066 0 51478 0 44927 0 31262 -o 35349 0 05412 I 1

00487 00001 00001 00002 00089 00029 ~6587 -~ 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 I

3AP 0 27653

o 0101 0 32107

o 0063 0 22569

o 1000 0 33604 -

o 0011 010563 -0 40103 -0 02478-

o a011 o 0006 o 0390 middot - - -- middotmiddot -~ - -- -middot --- - --rmiddot~I

1I 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 j

COR 0 03011 0 14935 0 71090 0 49429 0 60602 -0 12963 -0 27496 I- 1

0 8017 0 2138 0 0001 0 0001 0 0001 0 2884 0 0222 11middot 72 71 - 54 63 69 69 69 - - middot----- ~ --- bull middot ~ -

BO O 36289 0 47658 0 36294 0 44249 0 17894 -0 43105 -0 02399 bullf1~1

0 0017 0 0001 0 0070 0 0003 0 1413 0 0002 0 8449 middot~ 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 i

bull

P3F O 03302 0 7830

-0 03134 0 7953

0 63471 00001

0 48813 0 0001

082420 0 0001

-0 00401 0 9739

-009152 0 5055

- ~1bull

- 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 c I

bull bull

4 -AS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 1i 19B5

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROB ) IR I UNDER HO RHO=O NUMBER OF OBSERVATIOl~S -bull-----middot --middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot---middot-- - middot--middot----- ----middotmiddot- -- - --- - -----

SF N03 co NO N02 03 S02

BRF 024073 o 16413 0 66256 06495 069757 -021271 006770 00417 0 1714 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00793 0 5902

72 71 54 63 69 69 69 ------middot-middotmiddot--middot------middot--- - -- ----middot middotmiddot- --middot- -- ~- --- -- --

bull

bull bullQ

KF 0 14947 0 16149 0 49970 037669 060710 0 04710 001647 Ij1102101 0 1785 00001 00022 00001 0 7007 08932 72 71 54 63 69 69 69

I ZNF 0 14618 o 22443 033739 o 12802 043082 0 11161 0 04868

0 6912 - -- ---- - --- -- -middotmiddotmiddotmiddot - - ---~-- ---middot---- ------~ ---- i II -02205 00599 0 0126 03174 00002 03613

72 71 54 63 69 69 69 ill

~middot ibull

FEF -o 011e -o 0039 040600 0 27377 063826 0 1020 o 0660 0 5502 04864 0 0023 00299 0 0001 0 1276 0 5850

72 71 54 63 69 69 69 ---~----- -- --- ---middot - --middot - ----- - ---middotbull-------middot-middotmiddotmiddot---- -----~

zSIF -o 03584 -o 07644 020033 0 1916 047300 0 19001 0 12398 0 7650 0 5264 0 1464 0 1253 00001 0 1083 03101 1

middotmiddot-middot - --- 72 71 4 63 69 69 69 3lt

CLF -0 03273 -o 01536 -005903 -0 15416 -0 12231 -005902 -003378 middot------ -middotmiddot --- --middot -middot middotmiddotmiddot-- ----~----- middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-- middot---~-----0 7849 o 898t middotmiddot o- onemiddot-- o ~2r--- middoto 3167middot---o 635B-- --o 7829middot---middot 3

lbull

3 72 71 54 63 69 69 69

I

NIF

SF

0 21207 0 0737

72

1 00000

0 04641 0 7007

71

0 46209

0 25321 0 0647

54

009243

0 14321 024964 0 07773 02628 00386 0 5255

63 69 69

0 12183 -002183 -026197

0 3345 0 0050

69

030023 - -- -middot---- -- --- ---middot --~- - middotmiddot--

13

1 i4 I 4

00000 0 0001 0 5062 03415 08587 0 0297 00122 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 i~

N03 0 46209 1 00000 022485 0 16421 -003172 -o 29535 038607 1 00001 0 0000 0 1055 o 2022 - -o 7973 00145 0 0011- --- ------- - - -- --- ---middotmiddot- - middotmiddot- - - ---- -- -- ---- ~

middot1-J

71 71 53 62 68 68 68 15middot

co 0 09243 0 22485 100000 0 67991 0 55757 -o 07620 0 12504

0 5062 54

o 1055 53

00000 54

00001 54

00001 54

0 5839 54

o 3676 54

51r ND 0 12183

03415 0 16421

02022 0 67991

o 0001 1 00000 00000

041523 00007

-o 27091 00317

037215 00027

5bull i

63 62 54 63 63 63 63 1111

jfJ

N02 -0 02183 o 8587

-0 03172 o 7973 middot

0 55757 00001

041523 0 0007

100000 00000

-o 08986 04628

-002262 08536 --- middot-- -- -middot-middot - ~--middot -

I61 timiddot

69 68 54 63 69 69 69 101 on

03 -o 26197 -029535 -0 07620 -o 27091 -008986 100000 -o 18398 0 0297 0 0145 0 5939 00317 04628 00000 0 1302

69 68 54 63 69 69 69 7

imiddot

SAS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROBgt IRI UNDER HIJRHO=O I NUMBER OF OBSERVATIOl~S -----middot- -middot-middot----middot- -- --------~-----

SF N03 ca NO N02 03 802

802 0 30023 0 0122

69

0 38607 0 0011

68

0 12504 0 3676

54

0 37215 00027

63

-002262 08536

69

-o 18398 0 1302

69

t 00000 00000

69

I - --- - i1

I I middot(1

1middotmiddot 1

middot----middotmiddotmiddot-middot - -- -- -~---middot I_ in [111

(I

12 ~-- -- --- --------

I

M

IS

1(

I 11

1 1fi 1middotbullmiddot (bullfmiddot

I(

-1 bullbull~

middot n ~-I

l1

1middotbull

1 1f4

_-1~ f

~

_

fI

j 15 27 WEDNESDAY MARCH 1 1985 6 DN=D

VARIABLE N middotMEANmiddotmiddot middot -- ----sro DEV middot-------------SUM----- - --------middott1IltlMUt1middot---- MAXIUUM -(i

bull middot-- _4

TA98P 28 2202499999 1365803589 61669999959 440000000 5839999998

TA98M 28 9282142B5 6 20836076 middot259 8~82 --1 00000000 middot middot - ---middot ---middot26~--79999995 --~

BAP 28 0 16785714 0 09449112 4 70000000 o 10000000 0 40000000 1~ I

COR 28 0 70357143 041229452 1969999999 0 10000000 1 60000000 I

BO 28 0 74205714 0 57634132 -- -----middot--207~99--- middoto 10000000- ---- -middot--middot -2~0000000- middot

PBF 28 2562607143 14883820421 7174 33000000 49 oooooooo 63800000000

BRF 28 4605357143 2994573465 1289 50000000 8 00000000 114 00000000 I KF 28 14358214286 middot123 686401-70 4020--3000000()------ - --- - middot-- -36 00000000- ----bull-----91~--11

louZNF 28 31 75714286 22 74413931 88920000000 900000000 12300000000 -middot - - --

FEF 28 135 96428571 95 12233143 380700000000 28 bull 00000000 371 00000000 O SIF 28 - - -- 30b 18571429 middot --------- 268 5941502Bmiddot--middot-------B51k2ttt)OOOOO-------- ----- 24 00000000 --middot -------middot-t220-06600006--- j

31M

CLF 28 17468928571 261 58089088 489130000000 19 00000000 1450 00000000 13n

- 1_-

NIF 28 8 08928571 9 72973066 226 50000000 200000000 48 00000000 I )bullI

-SF 28 179 L 72500000 - 1285 52283891 - middot- - --501-68 -30006000 44200000000 middot-middotmiddot-7640-00000~-- -- - middotN03 27 798148148 3 53129275 21549999996 320000000 1580000000

co 21 1 21428562 0 39406297 2549999797 o 59999996 209999943

- l-~n I

NO 24 204166641 1 45659409 middot------- - 48 ~19392 - 0 50000000 - - 6-59999962-4

jbulll

IN02 27 2 58148094 105138633 6969998550 1 19999981 5 29999924 ilt

5103 27 2 88888863 1 38933659 7799999291 0 589999962

802 27 0 41851842 middotmiddot -- 0 97179595 -------11 29919745 0 -+-29999924 --1~~ lll

I I I~

8~middot middot-- ~--~ CORRELATIONS OF DAYTIME EPISODE DATA pp 6-10 lU

I

-~-~----middot-i1

r

7 SAS 15 27 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 DN=D

TA98P

TA98P

1 00000

CDRRELiTl ON COEFF IC I ENTS f PROB gt IR I

TA98M BAP COR BO PBF

094822 0 52984 0 50242 064686 0 19471

UNDER middotHOmiddotRHO-O--NUHBER---6F-8BSERVM 1-eNS

BRF KF WF FEF SIF

037528 0 24386 -0 14260 -0 11611 -0 11611

CLF

-o 19705

NIF

-o 32613

middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~---

g~

middot-

(I l - 1~bullbull

0 0000 0 0001 00037 00064 00002 0 3208 00491 0 2111 middot - O 4691 middotmiddotmiddot middot 0 5563 0 5563middotmiddot-middot 03149middot -- -0 0903

TA98M

28

0 94822 00001

28

1 00000 0 0000

28

0 57477 00014

28

0 37739 0 0477

28

0 59157 0 0009

28

0 06759 0 7326

213

029613 0 1260

28

0 09965 0 6139

28

-o 19311 0 3248

28

-o 18015 0 3590

28 28 28

-0 16029 -0 12647 -0 39751 0 4152 0 5213 00416

(I

I

[ 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Ibullbull

~middot j- BAP 0 52984

0 0037 0 57477

0 0014 1 00000 00000

0 50692 0 0059

0 76753 0 0001

0 27670 0 1540

0 58768 0 0010

o 39484 00376

-o 18851 0 3367

0 04107 0 8356

o 14089 0 4745

-008588 06639

-o 19215 0 3273

~ I l

I

28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 2B 28 28 28 middot~r 2

COR 0 50242 00064

037739 00477

0 50692 1 00000 00059- 00000

0 76463 o 0001

0 69824 00001

0 74394 0 0001 middot

0 66249 0 15168 0 18926 middot 0 0001--- 0~middot4410 middot-middot 0 3348-

0 15353 -001544 -0 32877 0 4354-- - 0 989--middot 0 0870-- ---

2

i 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

BO 0 64686 0 59157 0 76753 0 76463 1 00000 0 45571 07071 0 48410--0-00991 002665 0 04835middot-0051127--02460 2

00002 0 0009 0 0001 0 0001 00000 00148 0 0001 0 0090 0 9601 0 8929 08070 0 7800 0 2069 3

28 28 28 bull-- middot--middotmiddot-middotmiddot-- -bull--------- -

28 middotmiddotmiddot-- middot---

28 28 28 28 28 28 28 -middot -- ~- - --------------~----- ----~-------------- -~ -----bull-bull-~---middot ----middot--middotmiddotmiddot --

28 28 ~

bullbull- PBF o 19471 0 06759 027670 069824 045571 100000 o 86841 0 88081 036839 0 64672 0 53323 o 05644 -005948 middot 0 3208 0 7326 0 1540 0 0001 0 0148 0 0000 00001 00001 00537 0 0002 00022 0 7754 0 7637 3

28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 - middot- 3

BRF 037528 0 0491

029613 0 1260

0 58768 0middot0010

0 74394 0 0001

0 71071 o 0001

0 86841 0 0001

1 00000 00000

0 86164 00001

0 18923 03348

0 48266 - 0 0093

0 42752 0 08228 middot 0 0232- --0 0772

-0 11217 --0middot 5o99----- -middot--

bull 28 28 28 213 28 28 28 28 28 28 2B 28 28

Ibull KF 024306 0 09965 0 39484 0 66249 048410 0 88081 086164 1 00000 middot 021847 0 664B6 0 57331 0041i163 004909 I~

0 2111 0 6139 0 0376 0 0001 0 0090 0 0001 00001 00000 o 2640 0 0001 00014 0 8295 08041 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

--- ---

ZNF -o 14260 -o 19311 -0 18851 0 15168 -000991 036839 0 18923 0 21847 1 00000 039592 o 11300 0 76033 0 22685 Ibullmiddot

0 4691 0 3248 0 3367 0 4410 09601 0 0537 03348 02640 00000 0 0370 0 5670 0 0001 02457 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

r I

FEF -0 11611 0 5563

28

-0 18015 0 3590

28

004107 0 18926 08356 0 3348

28 28

002665 08929

28

064672 00002

28

0 48266 00093

28

0 66486 0 0001-

28

0 39592 0 0370

28

1 00000 - - 0 0000

28

0 91240 0 19875 0 33503 o 0001 - o-a106- ----ooa14---middot

28 28 28

------middot----- r

51

sbull

SIF -o 11611 0 5563

-0 16029 0 4152

0 14089 0 4745

0 15353 0 4354

004835 08070

0 55523 0 0022

0 42752 00232

0 57331 0 0014

0 11300 0 5670

091240 0 0001

1 00000 0 0000

-o 10137 0 6078

0 24003 02186

I

1 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

28 -middotmiddot -~middot- --- j CLF -0 19705

0 3149 -0 12647

0 5213 -o 08588

06639 -001544

0 9379 -005527

0 7800 005644

0 7754 0 08228

0 6772 0 04263

08295 0 76033

0 0001 0 19875

0 3106 -o 10137

06078 1 00000

0 0000 0 15942

o 4110 1

I 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 fbull

NIF -o 32613 0 0903

-0 38751 0 0416

-0 19215 03273

-0 32877 0 0876

-024607 o 2069

-0 05948 0 7637

-0 11217 0 5699

0 04909 08041

022685 0 2457

0 33503 o 0814

0 24003 0186

0 15942 0 4178

1 00000 0 0000 - ~----

--- 7

28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 7

_ ~d 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 1 1985 8 DN=D

(I-~-- CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROB gt IR I UNDlt -HO RHO=Omiddot -- NUMB~lt-oir-OltSEIWATlON9-- -- - ii 1 bull 3TA9BP TA98M BAP COR BO PDF BRF KF ZNF FEF SIF CLF NIF bull----- ---middot -- --- 1--

SF 0 22958 028128 0 53563 020299 044635 0 09855 0 32442 0 02425 0 00860 -0 14670 -0 0464 -0 03714 -0 02396 Ibull

0 2399 0 1471 00033 03002 0 0173 06178 0 0921 09025 09654 0 4563 08176 08512 09037 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 2e 20 20 - - - 2a-- -- middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot 2s----- -middot - - I-

o

N03 0 55929 0 57045 0 65752 0 44922 064260 0 23458 049673 0 32987 0 22713 0 12396 006725 0 25440 -o 22887 1~ 0 0024 00019 0 0002 0 0187- 00003 0 2389 00084 00929 0 2546 0 5379 07399 0 2003 0 2508 -- I

27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27

I04

co 0 52641 041998 031521 065324 0 54453 061311 0 71 bUtmiddot- 0 51225 - 0 2670b 0 32003 0 21123 o~ oseoo-----0-41e--~- ----- -middot 1 0 0142 00580 0 1640 00013 00107 00005 00003 00067 02419 0 1573 03465 0 8028 0 0301 e

21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 9

1-middot0 NO 0 49046 049033 046283 011591 044772 020150 o 52331 o 24250 -007607 000739 003584 -0 09097 o 15638

00150 00150 00228 0 5B96 00282 0 3451 0 0087 0 2536 0 7239 0 9727 0 8679 0 6725 0 4656 -_1

24 24--- 24- 24 24 24- middot middot 24--- -- middotmiddot 24-- - 24---middot -- middot 24- - - 24-- -- middot-24-------24-----middot1 lfi

N02 023577 0 12295 0 18784 0 51300 025803 081394 060462 0 63894 0 49678 0 66543 0 56268 0 14308 -000258 27

bulla0 2364 0 5412 034B1 0 0062 0 1938 0 0001 middot 00008 00003 00084 00001 00023 - 0 4765- middot 0 9898 middot -- middot- -1

91

JO middotbull1 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 bull1 3

middot-1-o3- - middot-o- ~Toomiddot -omiddot35e37--omiddot-e3t02---0---03485- -o- 47e31- ---0-22480 -o-1-oltM2---o-1041~1gt~9----o--34eo---o-2trbullU-c---o--o4-431 ltr-02ttfl0---- 33 lmiddot1 0 1317 00681 00004 08630 00116 02596 0 5869 06050 02647 00774 0 1830 08263 0 8854 3~27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27

S02 -o 03006 0 00996 0 23266 -032781 000434 -o 10821 008671 -o 02683 -005085 002818 005407 0 01310 0 16543 0 8817 0 9607 0 2429 00951 0 9829 0 5911 06671 08943 08011 08890 0 7888 09483 04096

27 27 27 -- 27 27 27 - 27middot 27-- -middot middot 27---- 27 - 27 27-middot--- - -27 - - o

bull17

SF N03 co NO N02 03 S02 -1~

TA98P 0 22958 0 55929 0 52641 049046 023577 -029760 -0 03006 02399 00024 00142 - 00150 0 2364 0 1317 0 8817- --- - -- -middotmiddot - ------- middotmiddot-- - -- - ---

-l9 --- - - --- ---- E

28 27 21 24 27 27 27 middotbullo bullS

-~~TA98M 028128 0 57045 0 41998 049033 0 12295 -o 35637 000996

0 1471 0 0019 0 0580 00150 0 5412 00681 09607 ~gti 28 27 21 24 27 27 27 ~tmiddot

smiddot I lflBAP 0 53563 065752 031521 046283 0 18784 -063102 023266

0 0033 00002 0 1640 0 0228 0 3481 00004 02429 28 27 21 24 27 27 27

COR 020299 044922 065324 011591 0 51300 -003485 -o 32781 -------middot03002 00187 00013 0 5896 00062 08630 0 0951middotmiddot

28 27 21 24 27 27 27

BO 0 44635 0 64260 0 54453 0 44772 025803 -047831 0 00434 -- 4 0 0173 0 0003 0 0107 0 0282 0 1938 00116 0 9829 1

28 27 21 24 27 27 27 I

------middot-i=1 ~

middot1


PSF

BRF

SF

0 09855 0 6178

28

0 32442 0 0921

28

CORRELAT IONmiddotmiddotCDEFFIC IENTB middotPROB gt middotIR I UNDER--middotHO RH0-0-r-NUHBER middotOF--OBSERlrlAT IONamp---- ----

ND3 co ND N02 03 902

0 23458 0 69311 0 20150 081394 0 22480 -o 10821 0 2389 00005 0 3451 0 0001 0 2596 0 5911

27 21 24 -- bullbull-middotmiddot- -~=-middotmiddot27 27 27

049673 0 71618 0 52331 060462 -0 10942 0 08671 0 0084 0 0003 0 0087 0 0008 0 5869 0 6671

27 21 24 27 27 27

----

-- --- middot---middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bullmiddotmiddotmiddot -middot-

Ii 4 I

-- middotmiddot-middotmiddot )

1r

KF

ZNF

0 02425 0 9025

28

0 00860 0 9654

28

0 32987 0 0929

27

022713 0 2546

27

057225 00067

21

0 26706 02419

21

024250 0 2536

24

-o 07607 0 7239

24

063894 0 0003

27

049678 0 0084

27

0 10419 -002683 0 6050 08943

27 27

0 22249 -005085 02647 0 8011

27 27 --middotbullbull bull--bullmiddotbull---middot-middotmiddotmiddot---- --- - -- -- -- ----- ------ --

I1middotmiddot

I

- ----------- ----- -- -l FEF -0 14670

0 4563 28

0 12396 0 5379

27

0 32003 0 1573

21

0 00739 0 9727

24

066543 00001

27

0 34560 00774

27

002818 0 8890

27

SIF -0 04564 0 8176

28

006725 0 7389

27

0 -216-23 --0-031584middotmiddot 0 56ii16-B 03465 0 8679 0 0023

21 24 27

0-264Hr --0 05401------------- middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot------ ----0 1830 0 7888

27 27

--middotbullbull- ---------- - ----------- ------ -~------- ~4

CLF -003714 0 8512

28

025440 0 2003

27

005800 0 8028

21

-009097 0 6725

24

0 14308 0 4765

27

-004431 08263

27

0 01310 09483

27 middot ---- -----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -- - --middot -middotmiddot

NIF -002396 0 9037

28

-022887 0 2508

27

0 47369 0 0301

21

0 15638 0 4656

24

-000258 0 9898

27

002910 08854

27

0 1Ml43 0 4096

27

SF 1 00000 0 0000

28

020932 0 2947

27

0 24609 0 2822

21

026476 0 2112

24

-000797 -046722 0 9685 0 0140

27 27

009ii180 06452

27

middot---- middot- -- middot-- -- - --middotbull - - --j I

ND3 0 20932 0 2947

27

1 00000 0 0000

27

045740 0 0426

20

0 54089 0 0077

23

025211 0 2141

26

-041312 0 0359

26

0 31640 0 1153

26

[

------l co

NO

024609 0 2822

21

0 26478 02112

24

045740 0 0426

20

0 54089 00077

23

middot

100000 0 0000

21

0 82841 0 0001

21

082841 0 0001

21

1 00000 00000

24

0 54243 0 0111

21

0 13972 0 5149

24

001563 09464

21

-o 33512 0 1094

24

0 31080 0 1703

21

067986 0 0003

24

-middotmiddot -middot middot- - middotmiddot- --middot

Imiddot I

I

N02 -0 00797 0 9685

27

025211 0 2141

26

0 54243 0 0111

21

0 13972 0 5149

24

1 00000 0 0000

27

0 23446 0 2391

27

-0 01640 09353

27

oAS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 10 DN=D)

CORRELATION -COEFFICIENT PROB gt 1Rl middot UNDERmiddotHO-RHObullO---NVMBEt--W-OSSERVATIONS---------middotI

middotI) SF N03 co NO N02 03 902

i

03 -o 46722 -0 41312 001563 -033512 023446 1 00000 -o 41739) 00140 0 0359 09464 0 1094 02391 0 0000 003031middot

-middotmiddotmiddot -middotmiddot-middot-middot-middot -- --middot middotmiddot- -middotmiddot middot- - middot-- -----middot middotmiddot--middotmiddot--27 26 21 24 27 27 27j 802 0 09280 0 31640 o 31080 o 67986 -001640 -o 41739 1 00000

0 6452 0 1153 0 1703 00003 09353 00303 00000 27 26 21 24 27 27 27

~

middotmiddotmiddot------- 12

l)

I

1t

----- ----~----- --~middotmiddot -middot middotmiddot---------------~-~-- --~--- ----middotmiddotmiddot

2

2

3

3

3-----------------j3 3

3

~

middot)

iibull i

bull middot middot middot

j5_bull obull f1 6

8 1J o

OF i6J -6f

f~

bull 1n

71

n - ------ ---middot--- --T- 1~

bull 74 7_

-

l

SAS 15 27 t~EDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 11 DN=N

~-- ---middotVARIABLE N MEAN STD DEV --- -----middot-middotmiddotmiddot SUM---middot-- -- --middot--middot --- middot ---HI NI HVM - HAIEIHlJH

bullbull TA98P 44 18 45227271 10 76969236 811 89999920 060000000 43 19999993

TA98t1 44 905227272 5 38060636 398r9999963 -0 40000000 middotmiddot- --- middot-- ---- 23- 29999995 ---middot--

IMP 44 022045455 030160774 969999999 o 10000000 1 60000000

COR 44 0 50227273 0 37384777 2209999999 0 10000000 160000000

BO 44 0 75454545 1 00381934 33 19999998 o 10000000 5 10000000 --- ----- ~- --

PBF 44 229 16954545 19474778745 10083 46000000 17 00000000 950 00000000

BRF 44 43 51818182 3741857065 191480000000 6 00000000 184 00000000

KF 44 131 84545455 93 36273211 - - - - 5179 20000000 -- -- - --- 31 -00000000- - - - -~---- -483-- 00000000----

ZNF 44 2022954545 1520854380 890 10000000 3 00000000 74 00000000 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--- -

FEF 44 118 57045455 105 55881548 521 7 10000000 1200000000 450 00000000

- SIF 44 - 268 8181818i2 middotmiddotmiddotmiddot 226 67652526 ----- -- -middot---11828middot00000000---middot- ----middot-------64cO0000000-- aeG--00000000-middot-

CLF 44 36098863636 63490915161 15883 50000000 1200000000 305000000000

NIF 44 7 61136364 8 33619778 33489999998 200000000 38 50000000

SF 44 1796 75681818 li35497035141 79057 80000000 442 00000000 middot--- middotmiddot ---middot6780 00000800 --

N03 44 735909091 528205906 323 79999985 300000000 24 50000000

co 33 102727254 0 50017025 33 89999372 o 19999999 2 79999924

NO 39 1 63589716 1 47067583 6379998940 0-- -- -- ---- - 6 29999924 -

N02 42 2 60238061 1 41309002 109 29998565 009999996 6 29999924

03 42 1 42142833 1 19399613 5969998980 0 4 39999962

middot-middot-middot middot-middot middot-- - ---middot Q- -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotS02 42 0 33571422middot 0 67093710 1409999716middot 379999924- -middot I~

I

CORRELATIONS OF NIGHTTIME EPISODE DATA pp 11-15

1

~AS 15 27 WEDNESDAY MARCH bull 1985 12 DN=N

ti r-1

TA98P

CORRELATIOlit~OEFFlC IENT5

TA98M BAP COR

middotPROB

BO

I IH tJNoeft-1-1amp-RHObullomiddot-rNtlJ1BERmiddot1]F-oBSERVAilONS------- --~---~---~--

PDF BRF KF ZNF FEF SIF CLF NIF

TA98P 1 00000 0 0000

44

0 95237 00001

44

0 56104 00001

44

0 55072 00001

44

065764 00001

44

033045 00285

44

0 43091 00035

44

0 27040 0 34223 00759- middot- 00230

44 44

0 21529 0 1605

44

005318 -0 30865 0 10093 07317 - 0 04H----o- 5145-------

44 44 44

TA98M 0 95237 0 0001

44

1 00000 00000

44

0 55764 00001

44

0 50459 00005

44

063421 00001

44

0 35047 00197

44

0 43332 00033

44

0 33195 00277

44

0 46691 00014

44

0 32433 00317

44

0 1613B -0 27883 o 1se -02953 00668 02192

44 44 44 middotmiddotmiddot---~- ---- - middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot---middot-

13AP 0 561Q4 00001

44

0 55764 00001

44

1 00000 0 0000

44

0 46158 00016

44

096100 0 0001

44

006291 0 6850

44

028304 00626

44

0 13823 03709

44

0 09523 -008884 -o 12002 0 5386 0 5663 04377

44 44 44

000207 09894

44

-o 11692 0 4498

44

COR 0 55072 0 0001

44

0 50459 046158 - 0 0005 --- O 0016

44 44 -

100000 0 0000

44

053818 00002

44

073445 00001

44

0 76993 0~0001

44

0 52936 0 27870 o 32813 009155 -o 14512 -o 12627 --- O 0002-----0 0670-- O Q2q7----o-5545-- 0 3473---o- 4141

44 44 44 44 44 44 - ---

Lshyi1middot

BO

PBF

0 65764 00001

44

0 33045 00285

44

063421 00001

44

0 35047 00197

44

096100 00001

44

006291 06850

44

0 5381B 0 0002

44

0 73445 00001

44

100000 0 0000

44

o 12564 0 4164

44

0 1264 0 4164

44 -middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot- ~-

1 00000 00000

44

036631 00145

44

091786 00001

44

o 17730-o 2496

44

o 84828 00001

44 -

o 1~12 ~o 07102 o 3243 o6192

44 44

063036 o 77583 00001 0 0001

44 44

-o 15447 -o o~B1 -o 01oso-shyo3152 o 7284 o6479

44 44 44

0 51462 -o 18020 032380 0 0004 0 2410 00320

- 44 44 - 44

BRF 0 43091 00035

44

0 43332 0 0033

44

028304 0 76993 0 0626-- 0 0001 -

44 44

036631 00145

44

091786 00001

44

100000 -00000

44

0 84340 065557 -- o 0001- -o 0001-

44 j4

o 65958 o 0001

44

040304 -003362 029442 - e0061---0 0205---0 0524---

44 44 44

t1F 027040 0 0759

44

0 33195 00277

44

0 13B23 0 3709

44

0 52936 0 0002

44

0 17730 02496

44

0 84828 00001

44

084340 00001

44

1 00000 00000

44

0 70326 00001

44

o 73538 0 0001

44

0 55996 00001

44

001384 09289

44

035888 00167

44

ZNF 0 34223 00230

44

0 46691 00014

44

0 09123 0 5386

44

0 27870 00670

44

o 15212 03243

44

063036 00001

44

0 65557 00001

44

0 7036 00001

44

100000 00000

44

o 65550 00001

44

0 50242 -008205 00005 05965

44 44

--middot-middotmiddotmiddot- ---

0 39785 00075

44

I ji

FEF 0 21529 0 1605

44

0 32433 0 0317

44

-0 08884 032813 -007702 middotmiddot 0 5663 - middotmiddotmiddot O 0297 middot middotmiddot O 6192

44 44 44

0 77583 00001

44

065958 0 0001

44

0 73538 065550 100000 0 0001--- -0 0001-- -middotmiddotO 0000

44 44 44

086213 -020812 0 52012 -- 0-0001 middot--- -0 1752---0 0003-------

44 44 44

j

SIF 005318 0 7317

44

0 16138 0 2953

44

-o 12002 0 4377

44

009155 0 5545

44

-o 15497 03152

44

0 51462 0 0004

44

0 40304 00067

44

0 55CC6 0 0001

44

0 50242 00005

44

086213 0 0001

44

100000 -o 10747 00000 0 4874

44 44

0 18434middot 00009

44

n

CLF -0 30865 0 0415

44

-o 27883 0 0668

44

000207 -0 14512 -005387 09894 03473 0 7284

44 44 44

-o 18020 -003362 0 2418 08285

44 44

0 01384 -0 0B205 0 9289 0 5965

44 44

-020B12 -0 10747 0 1752 04874

44 44

100000 00000

44

-o 16495 02846

44

(

0

(

NIF 0 10093 0 5145

44

0 18899 02192

44

-o 11692 04498

44

-0 12627 -007080 04141 06479

44 44

032380 00320

44

0 29442 00524

44

0 35888 00167

44

039785 00075

44

0 52012 00003

44

0 48434 0 0009

44

-o 16495 0 2846

44

100000 - 0 0000 -

44

1 - ----

7

SAS 15 27 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 13 DN=N

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS I PROB gt 1Rt UNDER-HO~RHObullO--t--NVHBE~-OF-OBSERVitiUONS--

I~TA98P TA98M BAP COR BO PBF BRF KF ZNF FEF SIF CLF NIF d

~SF 0 21660 0 20210 025827 -o 08092 0 34611 0 00377 0 20229 0 25261 o 29022 -003143 -o 02922 -o 03005 037826 70 1579 0 1883 0 0905 06016 00214 09806 0 1B79 0 0981 00560 0 B395 08507 0 8213 00114Imiddot

44 44 44 44 44 44 44 -middot 44 44 44 44 middot - - - 4+-middot-- -~middot middot- 44------middot- I(

IIND3 0 49232 0 50623 029892 000287 0 44009 -0 1203B 005446 0 07791 023518 -o 17030 -o 15959 -004835 0 17795 00007 00005 0 0487 09852 00028 0 4363 07255 0 6152 0 1244 0 2691 03008 0 7553 02478

44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44

co 0 54987 o 57589 027606 0 72226 033797 060931 065025 0 47550 036785 043089 o 11aoo -o 0+1aiii O uoae- --- ----middot --00009 00005 0 1199 00001 00544 00002 0 0001 0 0052 0 0352 0 0123 03357 0 7937 0 4021

33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 c

2

iND 0 50903 0 41587 038206 0 70751 046865 061193 0 71055 0 49081 028361 039356 0 27777 -o 15733 o 15573 200009 00085 0 0164 00001 00026 00001 00001 0 0015 0 0802 0 0132 00869 0 3388 03438

39 39 39 -- -- 39 39 39 -- middot39 - 39 - 39 -- 39- ---- - 39 --- - 39 -- - ---39---~~-t

ND2 0 39623 0 42635 009859 0 70120 0 15866 0 83130 0 73349 0 62731 046326 063064 0 43895 -o 18107 0 39652 00094 00049 0 5345 00001 03156 00001 0 0001 0 0001 00020 -middot 0 0001 0 0036- - 0-2512- -0 0093 --

42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42

middot-03 -o 50293-0 47109 -o 41254- ---0-504 i e -0 52620 -0 19516middot -0 SMI 1 diams---0-0444-r-6-908-W-0--0082~---0-middot1-4amp4cmiddot--amp--06amp--amp--middotH-71 I 0 0007 0 0016 00066 00007 00003 0215 00210 07797 0 0471 0 5784 03649 0 7695 04588 middot 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42

middot i S02 0 09780 0 09423 -o 08735 -o 27067 -00384 -o 07616 0 00639 0 05851 0 14078 0 09030 0 1775~ -o 04330 0 49077

0 5378 0 5528 0 5823 0 0830 0 8086 0 6317 0 7228 0 7128 03739 0 5693 02606 0 7854 0 0008 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 - 42 middot 42 - 42 -- -- 4i --middot - --42middot--------middot

SF ND3 co NO N02 03 802

TA98P 0 21660 049232 0 54987 0 50903 039623 -o 50293 009780 0 1579 0 0007 00009 00009 0 0094 0 0007 0 5378 ---middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddot-middot -- middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot middot- - -- - -- - -- -- - - -- ----- -middot - - I

44 44 33 39 42 42 42 i

TA98M 0 20210 0 50623 0 57589 041587 042635 -0 47109 009423 0 1883 0 0005 00005 0 0085 0 0049 0 0016 0 5528 ~44 44 33 39 42 42 42

- -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bullmiddotmiddot~ bullmiddotmiddot- -middotmiddot middot--middot-- i I BAP 025827 029892 027606 038206 009859 -0 41254 -o 08735f1

0 0905 0 0487 0 1199 0 0164 0 5345 0 0066 0 5823 44 44 33 39 42 42 42 r

r COR -0 08092 000287 0 72226 0 70751 0 70120 -0 50418 -027067 s

_ - middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middot --middotmiddot j-_0 6016 09852 0 0001 00001 0 0001 0 0007 0 0830 44 44 33 39 42 42 42

BO 0 34611 0 44009 0 33797 0 46865 0 15866 -0 52620 -003854 1 0 0214 0 0028 0 0544 0 0026 0 3156 0 0003 08086

44 44 33 39 42 42 42 - --- middotbull 1

7bull

l 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 1 1985 14 DN=N

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROB ) IR I UNDERmiddot-tlaquogt RHO=O -r--NUMBEftbullOF-oBIERVAT rems-----( a

SF N03 co NO N02 03 502 ]

bull bullI

PBF 0 00377 -0 12038 060931 061193 083130 -0 19516 -007616 bull 09806 04363 00002 00001 0 0001 02155 0 6317 bull44 44 33 39 42 42 42- middot 9

lo JgttBRF 0 20229 005446 065025 0 71055 0 73349 -035514 000639

0 1879 0 72 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00210 07228 iI 44 44 33 39 42 42 42 l

KF 0 2261 007791 0_470 0 49081 06273~ -004447 o oaoi-- -shy ---i- 00981 0 6152 00052 00015 o 0001 0 7797 o 7128 rnl

44 44 33 39 42 42 42 IJOI middot(bull

IZNF 0 29022 023518 036785 028361 046326 -o 30810 0 14078 imiddot 00560 0 1244 00352 0 0802 00020 00471 03739

39 middot ---- 42middot ----------44 44 33 42-- 42 middot--------~---middot----- ------------------ti 2s

FEF -0 03143 -o 17030 043089 039356 063064 00002 0 09030 v ~Ill

-- --~middotmiddotmiddot bull l - f08395 02691 00123 00132 00001 0 5784 0 5693 -I

44 44 33 39 42 42 42 31]

-1i

i - -- s1Fmiddotmiddot- -- --- -o02cn2 -o155J --0----11300--o--21111---o 43595---obull14342middot----o-t-T-5---------------- -------------------lt3~32

0 8507 0 3008 0 3357 0 0869 0 0036 0 3649 0 2606 31

1--44 44 33 39 42 42 42 i it(

CLF -0 03505 -004835 -004732 -o 15733 -0 18107 004660 -004330 -1bull108213 0 7553 0 7937 03388 02512 0 7695 0 7B54 44 44 33-- 39 42 42 42middot

~v

NIF 0 37826 0 17795 0 15085 0 15573 039652 0 11746 049577 0 0114 02478 0 4021 0343B 00093 0 4588 00008

middotbullll

lt1middot-

44 44 33 39 42 42 42 i

--- --- -middot-------- --SF 100000 0 57074 -000124 loz03909 -002841 -o 17580 0 4712~ 11H

bulll-1

00000 00001 09945 08132 08583 02654 00016 bullm

44 44 33 39 42 42 42 ii~ il

N03 0 57074 1 00000 0 12482 001750 -0 11774 -o 36096 0 4251 i10 0001 00000 0 4889 0 9158 0 4577 00189 00026 ~II

44 44 middot 33 39 42 42 42 - iL bullrn

co -000124 0 12482 1 00000 0 62874 0 57099 -o 36728 002018 09945 0 4889 00000 00001 0 0005 0 0355 0 9113

33 33 33 33 33 33 33 1

----- - ---- 08132 0 9158 00001 0 0000 00003 00042 0 4110

NO 0 03909 001750 062874 1 00000 0 54775 -0 44879 0 13543 Ofi

bullbull-J39 39 33 39 39 39 39 fill

fi

N02 -o 02841 -o 11774 0 57099 0 54775 100000 -028539 -002710 0 8583 0 4577 00005 0 0003 00000 0 0669 08647 7

n42 42 33 39 42 42 42

M

SAS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 15 DN=N

CORRELATION COEFF IC IENTB t middotPROB gt IR I UNDER- HO RHDbullO---NUMBER- OF-middotIBSERVATIOHS-----

SF N03 co NO N02 03 502

03 -o 17580 -o 36096 -o 36728 -0 44879 -o 28539 1 00000 -007679 0 2654 0 0189 0 0355 0 0042 o 0669 00000 0 6288

-~-middot -bull- -~middot --42 42 33 39 42 42 42 II

S02 0 47123 0 45251 0 02018 0 13543 -0 02710 -o 07679 1 00000 0 0016 0 0026 0 9113 04110 08647 06288 0 0000

42 42 33 39 42 42 42

i bull

bull

I i

middot

bullmiddot - --- bull

r

I I

iAS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 18 1985 16 STATION=7430

VARIABLE N - -- MEAN middot STD DEV middot-middotbullmiddot------middotmiddotBUMmiddot--- -middot -middot -----middot------11ttlaquoMlfH- middot- Hifilll TMUM

I

middot

TA98P

TA98M

BAP

18

18

18

22 41111109

103499tttt

0 15000000

9 49122745

524182836

0 11504475

40339999966

1B6 ze 1 middot -

2 70000000

780000000 4100000000

3 40000000-------------middot-23-295- -

o 10000000 0 50000000

COR 18 0 52222222 039490215 939999999 0 10000000 160000000

BO 18 060000000- 0 5606553 10 80000000 middot middot o 10000000- --middot--- -----middotmiddot 2-00000000----bull

PBF

BRF

KF

18

18

18 middot -

25166666667

4283333333

1 57 -4444444 - middot

20844607146

41 58089210

-12b-202-561

453000000000

77100000000

78 00000000

1200000000

95000000000

18400000000 I~ tt-)()()0()00middot- 1

Imiddot -

ZNF

FEF

-sJFmiddot

18

18

18 - ---- ----

30 72222222

156 55555556

~33333333---------

14 74012354

11037381521

-21 t-555026t

55300000000

281800000000

middotmiddot----middot- 66()-00000000----- --- -

1700000000

2300000000

1 t 1 00000000

6700000000

-middot middot- - - - 1- 45000000000 3

3

l=1~ CLF

NIF

SF

N03

18

18

18

18

207 11111111

533333333

- 1450 -4444444 - -

8 30000000

327 61919948

330774492

638 56488658

5 45581179

372800000000

9600000000

2611 7middot00000000

149 39999992

1200000000

200000000

-- 442 uOOOOOOOmiddot--

3 50000000

- -

1400000000

----u9000000000

2409999996

3

3

3

4middot

4

4

4

co 18 0 94444434 0 58933865 1699999809 029999995 2 79999924

imiddot NO

N02

18

18

12888886

230555516

1 13131291

1 31930107

middot middot23-19999641 middotmiddot-

41 49999291

middot ----o-

0 09999996

--4- 00060()()(rmiddot

629999924

4

4

fit

0

1bull

II I

03

S02

18

18

2 32777747

0 12222221 -

167746482

0 17339364

4189999443

2-1999998 t - -

0 589999962

~I --o- - ------- ------o--5999999~-- t 51

51

o

o

CORRELATIONS OF PITTSBURGH EPISODE DATA PPo 16-19 SI a

7(

7

7 7

7

61

SAS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 17 STATION=7430

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROB gt--1-R-t- VNOER-middot He-fUi0-0--middotN-bull middotte-----------

i TA98P TA98H BAP COR BO Pl3F BRF 11-F ZNF FEF SIF cu=middot NIF 1~ 4

1

TA98P 100000 091598 068417 063507 070777 0 45839 0 56313 0 48713 0 19524 035988 0 17180 -031142 072874 0 0000 0 0001 0 0017 0 0046 o 0010 0 0557 0 0150 0 0403 0 4875 middot 0 1424 -middot 0---4955---middot0 2084---0 0006-middot-middot-----

TA98M 0 91598 1 00000 0 74963 0 56550 0 71316 0 41446 0 54966 0 40132 0 30860 0 40986 0 18496 -O 15585 064087 00001 0 0000 0 0003 0 0145 0 0009 0 0873 00181 0 0988 02128 00912 0 4625 0 5369 00042 -

13AP 0 68417 0 74963 1 00000 082866 0 84923 0 63630 0 72735 0 49209 041453 0 40720 0 01378 -007288 0 49465 0 0017 0 0003 0 0000 middot 0 0001 0 0001 0 0045 0 0006 0 0360 0 0872 - 0 0935 0 9567 0 7738 middot middot 0 0369--middot--- -- -middotmiddot

COR 0 63507 0 56550 082866 100000 084966 082039 087254 0 75878 037503 049121 0 12672 -021349 O 57042 00046 0 0145 0 0001 00000 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0003 0 1252 0 0384 0 6163 - 0 3950 middot00134

BO 0 70777 0 71316 084923 084966 100000 0 54649 068519 0 55828 034814 0 17373 -021593 -005853 0 55791 0 0010 0 0009 0 0001----0 0001 0 0000 0 0189 - 0 0017 -- 00160~-01568--middot---04906 middot---0-3895--- 09176--00161----_------

PBF 0 45839 041446 063630 082039 054649 100000 097210 0 82598 047157 0 74449 033422 -022037 066759 o 0557 o 0013 o 0045 o 0001 o 0109 o 0000 o 0001 o 0001 o 0402 o 0004 o-11se o 3796 -- o 0025-- ----- --

BRF 0 56313 0 54966 072735 087254 068519 097218 100000 0 87204 046741 0 69153 027482 -O 14037 068301 o 0150-- 00101-- ooeeo--------0-0001 middotmiddot - o 0017 o 0001----o-oooo--o-0001---ooso5~--o0015-----middotmiddot0-697----amp--5-185------amp-oo1e f

3

KF 0 48713 040132 049209 075878 0 55828 0 82598 087204 1 00000 028700 0 63164 041478 -0 13133 0 59330 a

0 0403 0 0988 0 0380 0 0003 o 0160 0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 2482 0 0049 0 0870 0 6035 middot- 0 0094 --

ZNF 0 19524 030860 041453 037503 034814 047157 046741 0 28700 100000 026191 -004128 -o 12697 033862 l o 4375 o 2120 o 0012--- o 1252 o 1568 - o 0402 - o oso5 - o 248c----o 0000----- o 2939 -o-e7oe-- o-615o---o-1-69a--------------

bullI

FEF 035988 040986 040720 049121 0 17373 0 74449 0 69153 0 63164 026191 100000 082141 -0 35441 0 51473 0 1424 0 0912 00935 0 0384 0 4906 00004 00015 0 0049 02938 0 0000 00001 0 1490 00288 -

SIF 0 17180 0 18496 0 01378 0 12672 -0 21593 0 33422 0 27482 0 41478 -0 04128 0 82141 1 00000 -0 33167 0 19805 0 4955 0 4625 0 96o7 middot 0 6163 0 8895 0 1752 0 2697 0 0870- middot -0 8708 middot 0 0001 - 0 0000 - -- 0 178B-- ltgt-4-30B ------

CLF -031142 -O 15585 -007288 -021349 -005853 -022037 -0 14037 -0 13133 -0 12697 -035441 -033167 1 00000 -025158 0 2084 0 5369 0 7736 0 3950 0 8176 0 3796 0 5785 0 6035 0 6156 0 1490 0 1788 middot 0 0000 0 3139 -

NIF 0 72874 0 64087 049465 0 57042 0 55791 066759 068301 0 59330 033862 0 51473 0 19805 -025158 1 00000 00006 00042 00369- 00134 00161 0002s 00010 ----00094--0-1093middot 00200--- o-430B---oa1a9--ooooo---

middot SF 0 28894 0 31765 0 24930 0 18004 0 30830 0 16776 0 21522 0 16711 0 63384 -0 12749 -0 23080 -0 17360 0 21072 0 2449 0 1990 0 3185 0 4747 0 2132 0 5058 0 3911 0 5075 00047 06142 03568 0 4909 0 4013

N03 0 55567 0 0167

0 61048 0 0071

0 27834 0 2634

020313 0 4188

0 52764 0 0244

-0 12527 0 6204

0 03163 0 9008

0 03703 0 8840 middot

0 10979 middotO 6645

-0 26820 0 2819

-0 26761 0 2830

0 09971 033508 0 6938 ---middotO 1741-----~ middotf

co 0 70534 0 0011

0 70511 0 0011

0 72011 0 0008

0 77904 0 0001

065976 0 0029

0 77245 0 0002

0 81431 0 0001

0 68611 0 0017

0 69558 00013

0 59428 0 0093

0 27833 -021896 02634 0 3827

0 69202 00015

ND 0 58992 0 0100

0 50579 0 0322

0 55139 0 0177

0 56017 0 0156

042220 o 0809

0 68843 0 0016

0 70372 0 0011

0 67002 0 0028

037301 0 1274

062731 o 0053

034285 0 1637

-0 40289 0 0974

0 58109 0 0114--- -- - ~

--- ------ --

- d 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH L 1985 18 STATION=7430

middotmiddotCORRELATION COEFFICIENTS 1 PROB --nu IJNOERHO~RHO=O r--N --is------middot-----------( l

TA98P TA98M BAP COR BO PBF BRF KF ZNF FEF BIF CLF NIF

N02 0 25001 0 22673 0 58716 0 74041 049444 083711 076285 0 45880 042236 0 53119 006999 -020935 0 50099 0 3170 03656 00104 00004 00370 00001 00002 00555 00808 00233 07826 04044 00342imiddotmiddot j

03 -033221 -049548 -038254 -0 12175 -045888 -000093 -0 13765 0 12685 -o 18999 023454 045794 -020550 -006538 0 1780 00365 0 1172 06303 00554 09971 0 5860 06160 0 4502 03489 00560 04133 0 7966

S02 -025143 -025953 -032437 -026536 -050654 -001752 -o 13897 -o 03603 0 10613 0 28547 048439 -021512 -020854 03142 0 2983 0 1891 02872 0 0319 0 9450 0 5823 08871 06751 02508 00416 03913 0 4063

-- middot~- ------ -----~-~F N03 co NO N02 03 802

TA98P 0 28894 0 55567 0 70534 0 58992 025001 -o 33221 -025143 0 2449 00167 0 0011 00100 03170 0 1780 03142

--middotmiddot-middotmiddot-middot ------- - -middot- ----------- ---~middot-middot---middotmiddot--middot---middot ------ - ----------

TA98M 031765 061048 0 70511 0 50579 022673 -049548 -025953 1 0 1990 0 0071 0 0011 00322 0 3656 00365 02983

-- middot- --- middotmiddot- --middotmiddot middot-- -middotmiddot-- middot-- -middot bull-middot middotmiddotmiddot-- -1 BAP 0 24930 0 27834 0 72011 0 55139 0 58716 -038254 -032437

03185 02634 00008 0 0177 0 0104 0 1172 0 1891 i - -- --------

COR 0 18004 020313 0 77904 0 56017 0 74041 -0 12175 -026536 0 4747 04188 00001 00156 o 0004 06303 02872

I 1-middotmiddot

I 130 0 30830 0 52764 0 65976 0 42220 049444 -o 45888 -o 50654 0 2132 0 0244 0 0029 0 0809 o 0370 00554 00319

------middotmiddot--------- --middot---- --- - middotmiddotmiddot-- - ----lmiddotmiddot

PBF 0 16776 -0 12527 0 77245 068843 083711 -000093 -001752 0 5058 06204 00002 00016 00001 09971 09450

13RF 021522 0 03163 081431 0 70372 0 76285 -o 13765 -0 13897 0 3911 0 9008 00001 00011 00002 0 5860 05823

--- -- ---------- ----middot- - ----- - -- --- middot- --~---- -- --- - - --- --- - ---

KF 0 16711 003703 068611 067002 045880 0 12685 -003603 0 5075 08840 00017 00023 00555 06160 0 8871

i ZNF 0 63384 0 10979 069558 037301 042236 -0 18999 0 10613I 00047 06645 00013 0 1274 o 0808 0 4502 06751

-middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot

i FEF -0 12749 -026820 0 59428 062731 0 53119 023454 0 28547 06142 02819 0 0093 00053 00233 03489 02508 - - t

SIF -0 23080 -026761 0 27833 034285 006999 0 45794 0 48439 0 3568 0 2830 0 2634 0 1637 o 7826 00560 00416middot

---- ---middotmiddot --middot~--- middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddot- ---- middot-middotbull- middotmiddotmiddot-middot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddot

CLF -0 17360 009971 -021896 -0 40289 -020935 -0 20550 -021512 le

0 4909 06938 0 3827 0 0974 o 4044 04133 03913

NIF 0 21072 0 33508 0 69202 0 58109 0 50099 -o 06538 -o 20854 170 4013 0 1741 00015 0 0114 00342 0 7966 0 4063

I

SAS 15 27 l~EDNESDAY MARCH 13 19B5 19 STATIDN=7430

CORRELATION CDEFFIC IENTS PROB

I

i SF N03 co NO N02 03

SF 1 00000 0 46453 0 37823 0 07208 006238 -031989 0 0000 0 0521 0 1217 0 7762 0 8058 0 19561middot

ND3 0 46453 1 00000 0 24259 -0 18670 -0 14874 -~ 45076 00521 0 0000 0 3321 0 4582 0 5558 0 0605

co 0 37823 0 24259 1 00000 0 71631 0 54136 -0 14710 0 1217 03321 00000 00008 00203 0 5602

NO 007208 -0 18670 0 71631 1 00000 034371 0 02900 0 7762 0 4582 00008 0 0000 0 1626 09091

ND2 0 06238 -0 14874 0 54136 0 34371 1 00000 -0 07769 0 8058 0 5558 00203 0 1626 0 0000 0 7593

middotmiddotmiddot------ middot--middot

03 -o 31989 -045076 -o 14710 002900 -007769 1 00000 o 1956 00605 o 5602 0 9091 o 7593 0 0000

gt-I RImiddot UNDERmiddotHe--RHO-o middot-fmiddot---N-----18--middot-- ---

802

001000 09686

-- middotmiddot~-middot--middot

-0 36811 0 1328

o 010s 0 9418

- - -- ~middot-----

0 04331 0 8645 middot

-o 12657 06167

middotmiddotmiddot- ---------middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot --------------middot ---middot-middotbull------~-----------------0 0537

o 0324 --- -middot -middot-- -------middotmiddot-

middot- 802 001000 -o 36811 001855 0 04331 -0 12657 0 50537 1 00000 0 9686 0 1328 0 9418 0 8645 06167 0 0324 0 00001bullI

t -------- - -------middot-- ---middotmiddot ---------- -middot---- -- middotmiddot-middot--bull------ ----~----middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot- ----middotmiddot ---~---- --iI

- 3 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 1 1985 20 STAT ION-=7433

VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

middotmiddot MEAN

15 53333332

STD DEV

1160724924

-- - -- -middotSUM --- ---- middotmiddot

279 59999980

--~ middot-tummm middot

1 70000000

f1Aft

3800000000

2

3

4

0

7

TAJBM

BAP

16

18

0 2222222

0 18888889

470526100

0 17111705

124 -99P5

3 40000000

- middotmiddot--i 60000000middot

o 10000000

-middotmiddot middot----- 20-00000000----i~ 10

JI0 70000000 12

COR 18 060555556 038267206 1089999999 o 10000000 1 60000000

BO 18 0 70 080163232 13 OnflPtt middot - - --- o 10000000 - -- ----- --- 2-0000000 -

PBF 18 191 83333333 142 44844269 345300000000 4900000000 57600000000

BRF 18 38 72222222 26 73135536 69700000000 7 00000000 8400000000 KF 18 middotmiddotmiddot110tti-11111- 77 07947643 middotmiddot--- middotmiddotmiddot -middot--middot20PO 00000000 middotmiddot 31 middot-oooooooo-- ---~3a49-00000000--middot--j~

u

ZNF 18 23 16666667 2935432627 41700000000 3 00000000 123 00000000 I 2E

FEF 18 77 33333333 76 15309657 139200000000 1200000000 29000000000 12

SIF 1e-- --- -13a tJtt1-i 111------- - - middot --133-89334b0t- middot middot -- -----24-rr00000000----middot- ------ -24 -00()()()600- - 54---flfl-middotmiddot

3~ ~l~ 3gt

CLF 18 55633333333 921 65918162 1001400000000 1200000000 NIF 18 633333333 5 58358940 114 00000000 2 00000000 2000000000

SF 18 - 2409 il7777778 middot 196008414602 middot 433b7 00006000 -- 7B1 00000000 ---------middot---middot7b4ltrOOOOOOOO --

N03 17 720588235 409946194 122 49999993 350000000 1629999995

co 18 1 15555547 036817857 20 79999846 o 50000000 209999943

NO 18 -- 134999975 middot 120257059 - -- ---- - 24-~54s------ - -- - - --o -- middot- --------middotmiddot3-50000000 - f(

N02 18 2 21111060 1 12453320 39 79999083 069999999 5 29999924 gt

middot 03 18 222222193 129685385 3999999470 009999996 439999962 i 802 18 O 12222221middot 0 18959B81 - 2 - 1-1987 -- -- middot-- middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot-----0-middot - middotmiddotmiddot---middotmiddotmiddot-middot--middotmiddotmiddot- 0- sooooooo---r or

((

01

6

i middot-- -middot~-middot~- middotmiddot---middotmiddot- -middot~middot-middot--middot-middot

6 omiddot 6(

CORRELATIONS OF RICHMOND EPISODE OATA pp 20-24 6

6 7(

7

7 middot-----7

7 7(

SAS 15 27 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 21 STATION=7433

CORRELATION COEFF IC IENTB PROB gt 1R 1 UNDER HO RHO=O-- NUMBER OFmiddot -OBSERVATIEINS----middot----- 7-~ TA98P TA9BM BAP COR BO PDF BRF KF ZNF FEF StF CLF NIF

TA98P 1 00000 0 92786 069499 0 74542 0 87202 0 57443 0 80267 0 51850 0 30529 0 38214 0 52537 -028647 029335 00000 0 0001 o 0014 00004 00001 00127 00001 0 0275 02180 o 1176 00252 0 2491 middot bull-0 2374 --

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

TA98M 0 92786 l 00000 0 72027 0 55831 0 82658 0 36347 0 72067 0 30814 0 19909 0 183B1 0 27021 -o 24485 0 16441 00001 0 0000 0 0007 0 0160 00001 0 1382 0 0007 02135 0 4284 o 4653 02782 03275 0 5145

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 middot~ _ ~

IMP 0 694~9 0 72027 100000 026151 0 90959 0 02019 0 41595 0 08606 -003357 -0 09269 o 06630 -o 11526 -o 03899 0 0014 00007 0 0000 0 2945 o 0001 09366 00860 0 7342 08948 0 7145 0 7938 06488 0 0779

18 18 18 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

COR 0 74542 0 55831 026151 l 00000 0 55119 080568 0 79948 0 64018 0 55552 0 63819 0 71161 -0 17908 020556 0 0004 00160 0 29-45 -- 0 0000 0 0177 00001 00001 0 0042-- 00167 0 0044 - 0-0009-middot 0-4771 ---0 4132----~

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

BO 087202 082658 0 90959 0 55119 1 00000 030154 0 63241 0 29046 0 14882 0 16657 0 29835 -o 22686 middot 0 12310 --i 0 0001 0 0001 0 0001 0 0177 0 0000 0 240 00049 02423 0 5556 0 5089 02292 03653 0 6265

middot1 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18rmiddot --- - middot-middotmiddot---bull middot-----middot __ _____ -middot-middot ~---- _ ____ -middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot- -~---- -~-----------~-- ----~ --~-----------middot---------~--l-f1middot PBF 0 57443 0 36347 002019 0 80568 030154 100000 0 81421 0 87240 0 70828 083543 0 79259 -o 10927 0 58337

0 0127 0 1382 0 9366 0 0001 o 2240 0 0000 00001 0 0001 00010 0 0001 00001 0 6660 0 0110 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -

BRF 0 80267 0 72067 0 41595 0 79948 063241 081421 1 00000 0 72937 0 59161 060433 o 58652 o 07669 0 34274 00001 0 0007 0-0860middot 0 0001 00049 00001 00000 00006 0 0097middotmiddot 0 0079 0 0105 bullmiddot- 0- 7628 ----0middot1638------

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

KF 0 51850 0 30814 008606 064018 029046 0 87240 0 72937 1 00000 0 70005 087520 0 85297 0 12863 0 58343 0 0275 0 2135 0 7342 0 0042 0 2423 00001 0 0006 00000 00012 0 0001 00001 0 6110 0 0110

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -middotmiddot-----~-- --

ZNF 030529 0 19909 -003357 0 55552 0 14882 0 70828 0 59161 0 70005 1 00000 087145 0 54483 0 11953 0 54444 0 2180 0 4284 08948 0 0167 0 5556 00010 00097 00012 00000 0 0001 00194 0 6366 0 0195

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

FEF 0 38214 0 18381 -0 09269 063819 0 16657 083543 0 60433 0 87520 0 87145 100000 0 78481 -0 00453 0 61174 0 1176 0 4653 0 7145- 0 0044 0 5089 00001 00079 0 0001-- --0 0001 -0 0000 -- 0-0001 -- 0 9858----- 0 00-10----- ----1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18i1middotmiddot

SIF 0 52537 027021 0 06630 0 71161 029835 0 79259 0 58652 0 85297 0 5~483 0 78481 1 00000 -007886 0 51571 0 0252 0 2782 0 7938 0 0009 0 2292 00001 0 0105 00001 00194 0 0001 0 0000 0 7558 00285

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 j ----bull--- - -middotmiddotmiddot -- middot-middot

CLF -0 28647 -o 24485 -o 11526 -0 17908 -022686 -o 10927 0 07669 0 12863 0 11953 -000453 -o 07886 1 00000 -0 20751 0 2491 03275 0 6488 0 4771 0 3653 06660 0 7623 06110 06366 0 9858 0 7558 0 0000 04087

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 29335 0 16441 -003899 0 20556 0 12310 0 58337 034274 0 58343 0 54444 0 61174 0 51571 -o 20751 1 00000 02374 0 5145 0 8779 0 4132 06265 0 0110 0 1638 0 0110 0 0195 o 0070 0 0285 04087 0 0000 -- --- -- ---

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

-MS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 1s 1985 22 STATION=7433

(i CORRELATION -COEFFICIENTS t middotmiddotPROB gt t R I UNDER-NO RH0-0-711UMBEftOF--osSERVATIONS

TA98P TA98M BAP COR BO PDF BRF KF INF FEF BIF CLF NIF

SF 0 71313 083969 0 71558 0 22603 o 72637 0 09862 0 44639 0 10128 -005963 -005255 0 12180 -030267 022105 00009 0 0001 00008 03671 0 0006 06970 00633 06892 0 8142 0 8359 06302 02222 03781

18 18 18 18 18 18 1B tamiddot middot 18 18 1B --middot - middot1e--middot-middot -18

ND3 0 70324 0 68520 0 57713 037124 069133 0 40748 0 55993 0 54401 0 50399 0 50803 0 47233 -o 14438 061873 00016 00024 00153 0 1423 0 0021 0 1045 00194 00240 00391 0 0373 00556 0 5B04 0 0081

17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17

co 066396 0 50083 022~12 08612 04336 0 76253 0 78881 O 723136 middot 0 60760 middot middot 0 67066 middot omiddot6H5P middoto 00752-0 l f23-middot---middot 0 0027 00343 03691 00001 00681 00002 00001 00007 00075 0 0023 0 0012 09764 06375

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

ND 0 83251 0 77972 067176 075225 0 77128 0 57718 087660 0 45750 0 37468 0 31146 037828 -003706 002979 200001 00001 00023 00003 00002 00121 00001 0 0563 0 1255 02083 0 1217 08839 09066 2 18 ----middotmiddot middot 18 - 1a-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 18 -middot-middot middot middot 18 bullmiddot 10-- -- 1e-- ----1018 18 18 18 18 2 2

2N02 0 59259 039963 0 16270 067239 035817 089205 078246 0 92474 074285 087231 080553 005950 064767 -2

-middotmiddot- -- middot- 0 0096 0 1004 0 518yen 00022 o 1444 0 0001 00001 00001 00004 00001 00001 08140 00037 - 2

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 3

J1middot 03 - -o 3711o4middot -o 11~--o-e-04tfmiddot--o-middotoo44e- -o- 54332 -middot o te4ot -o 26Pttmiddotmiddot--o--241----o-30roPmiddot--03~---o-1l314t--o---oe3ampe---o-~1e 3 0 1213 00525 00024 09859 00198 0 4648 02796 03346 02151 o 1110 03555 08023 03107 318 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 3 -3

3502 0 75127 0 67523 073330 0 52519 0 78480 0 37019 0 57116 0 50172 044426 0 49609 0 55138 -o 08942 029820 30 0003 00021 00005 0 0252 00001 0 1305 00133 00339 0 0647 00363 00177 0 7242 02294

1B 18 18 18 18 1818 middotmiddot- ie---middotmiddot 18 te~- middotmiddot 18 middot- - middotmiddot1e----middotmiddotmiddot --1s--middot------- middot i

SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 I~

TA98P 0 71313 o 70324 066396 083251 059259 -037864 075127 middot - --- - ----- -- -- - --- -- ------- -f

bull1

00009 0 OOH middotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 0027--- 0 0001 o 0096 0 1213 0 0003 middot middot ---- middot middot- 18 17 18 18 18 18 18

middotTA98M 083969 0 68520 0 50083 0 77972 039963 -o 46393 067523

Cl 00001 00024 00343 00001 o 1004 00525 00021

~~I 18 17 18 18 18 18 18 -middotmiddotmiddot-----middot ---- -- middotbull--- - middot- -middot-- middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot-middot-middotmiddot ----~--- - middot----- -- - - middot-middot ------ --middot--- --------- ----- -middot-middot-------middot-middotmiddot--middot ----- egt BAP 0 71558 0 57713 022512 067176 o 16270 -066946 073330

00008 0 0153 03691 00023 o 5189 00024 00005 (

1B 17 18 18 18 18 18 6bull

COR 0 22603 037124 0 86192 075225 067239 000448 0 52519 -- middotmiddot------

6~- 0 3671 0 1423 0 0001 - 00003 00022 0 9859 00252 ---- middotmiddotmiddot-- ~----middot----------middot

i 18 17 18 18 18 18 18 o

130 0 72637 0 69133 0 43936 0 77128 035817 -o 54332 middoto 784Bo 00006 0 0021 00681 0 0002 o 1444 00198 0 0001

18 17 18 18 18 18 18 -------- lr

7

middot 7lt

17

- --- ---

SAS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 23 STATIONbull7433

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS f PROB gt tRI -UNDER HORHO-O-f-NUHBER-eF-6fl8ERfATleNS----( I

SF N03

PBF 0 09862 0 40748 0 6970 0 1045

18 17

DRF 0 44639 0 55993 0 0633 0 0194

18 17

KF 0 10128 0 54401 0 6892 00240

18 17

ZNF -005963 0 50399 0 8142 0 0391

18 17

FEF -005205 0 50803 0 8359 0 0373

I 18 17 bull 1

1-middot middot - s IF - - middot middot middot o 121eo---o 47asa o 6302 0 0556 bullbullbull 1 18 17 middot

I CLF -0 30267 -o 14438bull1 1middot

02222 0 5804 18 17

NIF 0 22103 061873 0 3781 00081

18 17

i SF l 00000 0 64435 I 00000 00052

18 17 I

N03 0 64453 1 00000middotmiddotj 00052 00000 1middotmiddotmiddot 17- 17

111 co 0 15196 0 31686Imiddot

0 5472 02153 18 17

NO 0 48753 0 43096 o 0401 0 0842

18 17

ND2 0 14107 0 59138 b 5766 0 0124

18 17

2

co

0 76253

NO

0 57718

N02

089205

03

o 18401

802

0 37019 middot-- ---- middot--middot

3

bull-bullbull 0 0-gt02

18 0 0121

18 0 0001

18 0 4648

18 0 1305

18 middotmiddotmiddot---middotmiddotmiddot~- - -~--middot ~ ~ - -~- -~ -7

-middot - bull 10

0 78881 0 0001

18

0 72386

087660 0 0001

18

045750

0 78246 -026944 0 0001 0 2796

18 18

092474 024139

0 57116 00133

18

0 50172 -- -- --middotmiddotmiddot- --- --- -middotmiddot---

-If ---- -- -middot- --middotmiddot --r

00007 18

0 0563 18

0 0001 18

03346 18

00339 18

IA

060760 037468 074285 030709 o 44426 00075

-- 18 0 1255

---- 18 0 0004

18--0 2151

18 0 0647

10--middot-middot--- --middot-- middot middot------ ---- --middot-middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot --- -----middot ---- --------2

bullbull-------- - 2

21Of7066 031146 087231 038857 0 49609 00023 0 2083 00001 0 1110 00363 --middot-- middot-middot- - -- -- o

3018 18 18 18 18

-ltgt-bullbullbull- aeaa -- o aobullbullbull-middot -0 2314a omiddot ouaa ----- --~---middot-bull -middot~ - ~

0 0012 0 1217 0 0001 0 3555 0 0177 4 18 18 18 18 18 30

000752 -003706 0 05950 -006350 -o 08942 ltl0 9764 08839 08146 08023 0 7242 bull18---- 18-- 18 18 18 - - --- -middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- - ~---~-------~----- -bull-middotmiddot --- - - - ------- ~-- ---- ~ -~- -~

41

4

0 11923 0 02979 064767 0 25318 0 29820 06375 0 9066 00037 03107 0 2294

4018 18 18 18 18 4

015196 middot-0 -48753 0 14107 -0 44444 0middot57071 middot - -- --- -middotmiddotmiddot- - -- middot--middot---middot - ~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot----- -----middot--middotmiddot----middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot--middot -middot----~------

0 5472 00401 0 5766 00646 00134 18 18 18 18 18 -Imiddot

5bull1031686 0 43096 0 59138 -0 15354 0 78859 0 2153 00842 00124 0 5563 0 0002

middot - - - middot middot 1 7 __ -- 17middot middot middot 17 17 -1 7middot- -middot---middotmiddot-middot -middotmiddot middot----middot --~------middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-bull -----middot -middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middot-middot middot--- middot---middotmiddot------ - SO

JUmiddot1 00000 0 74134 0 70880 -o 01013 0 51216 - -- -middot 1(~0 0000 00004 00010 0 9682 0 0298 -Oli

18 18 18 18 18 lo=bull 1r1

- -- middotmiddot- -~-- - =-middot---middotmiddotmiddotbullmiddotmiddot-074134 100000 0 55764 -0 53711 0 61918 - - - -middot -middot--middot--- 1~1 00004 0 0000 o 0162 00215 0 0061 lif

18 18 18 18 18 ltP

j1~1

bull1110 70880 0 55764 1 00000 0 05266 0 59471 I 0 0010 0 0162 0 0000 0 8356 00092 71i

18 18 18 18 18 --- -----~- -~- middot-middot middotl~1 ) Jr

_

SAS 1527 ~EDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 24 STATION=7433

i i CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROBgt IRI UNDER HORHO=O NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS

SF N03 co NO N02 03 S02 l middot

03 -o 44444 -o 15354 -001013 -0 53711 005266 1 00000 -0 32031 bi 0 0646 0 5563 09682 00215 o 8356 00000 0 1950

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

b

802 0 57071 0 78859 o ~1216 061918 0 ~9471 -o 32031 1 00000 00134 00002- middot 00218 00061 00092 0 1950 00000

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

i 1111

1 ~

ilt1i -

i)

I middot

-- VARIABLEmiddotmiddot

TA98P

TA9811

BAP

CDR

N MEAN

18 27 34444442

18 12 22222221

18 o 32222222

18 0 87222222

SAS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 25 STATION=7440 f

STD DEV SUM HINH1UH 11A)( lMUM l l I------- -----1 13 76308883 492 19999905 7 70000000 58 39999999 I 1 -

I

6 1gt9245012 219 99999975 3 40000000 2b 79999995 1~1 -

0 42086124 5 79999999 o 10000000 160000000 11

036267885 1569999999 030000000 160000000 H BO

PBF

BRF

18 1 11gt111111

18 28700000000

18 52 00000000

130435420 20 89999999 o 10000000 5 10000000 1 111 14902348808 516600000000 8600000000 667 00000000 I J ~

I ~ middot1 I

1-middot11

3438B78066 93600000000 600000000 125 00000000

KF 18 13083333333

99 97249622 35500000000 3600000000 406-00000000 1middot1

ZNF

FEF

18 20 22222222

18 9322222222

middot bullbull 1

12 58643320 314 00000000 3 00000000 44 00000000 middot 11---- ----~--- --- --middot--------- middot- --bullmiddot--------middotmiddot- --~-------- -

40 25030659 1678 00000000 2000000000 18000000000 -

SIF

CLF

NIF

SF

16 20amp50000000

18 middot 126 00000000 -- ----- -~-~ middotmiddot-middot-middot--middot-middotmiddot -middot----middot- -- -- --~

18 266666667

18 middot middot 1350 55555556

--

bullbull j middot 99 44162878 3699 00000000 0100000000 446middot 00000000 middot I11i

i1

218 211H369 2277 00000000 1800000000 971 00000000 1

middot- - ------- - -middot---- -- -middot---------- -- ------ - ~------- 137198868 48 00000000 200000000 7 00000000

tbullmiddot 1111

95990466575 2431000000000 442 00000000 - middot - middot 4540 00000000 I ii

ND3 18 704444444 -- - -----

338391041 126 79999998 3 50000000 16 50000000 -- -- ---- - middotmiddot-middot middotbull--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot--- -

co 18 1 19999973 0 39704784 a 59999514 o 19999999 189999962

NO 18 227222183 1 600295-93 4089999300 009999996 b29999924 middot middot

ND2 18 3 17777745 i 028161550 07 19999409 1 89999962 500000000 -middot middot---~----- -middotmiddot--

03 18 1 62222203 1 55433184 29 19999653 0 4 59999943

602 18 o 03888888 I bullbullI

008498365 019999987 0 0 29999995- I I

CORRELATIONS OF CONCORD EPISODE DATA pp 25-28

--

SAS 1527 L-JEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 26 STATION=7440

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROBgt RI UNDER HORHO=O N = 18

- TA98P TA98M BAP COR BO PDF BRF KF ZNF FEF BIF CLF NIF

TA98P 1 00000 0 95880 0 33769 030796 045622 -o 14393 008990 0 05364 -o 13524 0 00460 -o 06952 002155 -001755 00000 0 0001 0 1705 0 2138 00570 0 5688 07228 08326 0 5926 09855 o 7840 09324 09449

TA98H 0 95880 1 00000 041939 0 16604 049250 -026445 -004611 -0 08562 -0 17367 -0 11225 -0 16946 0 01194 -o 13945 00001 0 0000 00932 0 5102 00379 02889 08558 07355 04907 06574 0 5014 09625 0 5810 middot

BAP 0 33769 0 41939 1 00000 0 18156 095321 -o 26383 0 15729 0 13137 -0 03319 -0 35950 -0 12397 0 54944 0 18677 0 1705 o 0832 00000 0 4709 00001 02901 0 5331 06033 08960 0 1429 06241 00182 04580

COR 0 30796 0 16604 0 18156 1 00000 035446 0 70265 0 79283 0 73934 -003594 060364 0 61514 -0 06136 077235 middot 1 02138 0 5102 04709 00000 0 1490 0 0011 00001 00005 08B74 00080 00066 0808 middot00002 - i

BO 0 45622 0 49250 095321 035446 100000 -0 14965 028353 0 20042 0 04606 -0 30491 -0 11295 0 51501 022571 - 1

00570 00379 0 0001 0 1490 0 0000 0 5534 02542 04252 08560middot 02186 06554 00287 0 3678 1 Ibull

i iPBF -0 14393 -0 26445 -o 26383 070265 -0 14965 100000 0 84410 0 73014 0 17409 084866 0 75510 -o 11898 063813

0 5688 - 0 2889 - 0 2901 -- 0 0011 0 5534 00000 middot00001 - 0- 0006 - O- 4896 - o 0001 - - o 0003 middot o 6382 - - 0-0044 - - I

I

BRF 0 08990 -0 04611 o 15729 0 79283 028353 0 84410 1 00000 085075 020290 065601 071360 030259 070691 i 0 7228 08558 o 5331 middot 00001 o 2542 00001 00000 0 0001 0 4194 00031 o 0009 o 2223 - o 0010 - H

JbullII

KF 005364 -o 08562 o 13137 0 73934 020042 0 73014 085075 1 00000 0 10793 0 70146 0 832all 0 22757 o 91863 I - ----middot- 0 8326 - o 7355- 0 6033 0 0005 04252 0 0006 - o 0001 0 0000- 06691 -00012 o 0001 - - o 3638 --o 0001 -~--------- -

111

ZNF -0 13524 -0 17367 -0 03319 -0 03594 004606 0 17409 020290 o 10793 1 00000 001902 o 06669 o 44606 -o 01121 i 0 596 04907 0 8960 middot 08874 08560 0 4896 o 4194 06699 00000 09403 0 7926 o 0635 0 7607 iJ

middot1 FEF 0 00460 -0 11225 -03~950 0 60364 -030491 084866 065601 0 70146 001902 100000 090712 -023023 060387

0 9855 o 6574 - 0 1429 - o0080 02186 00001 00031 0 0012 - 0 i403 o 0000 00001 03580 - 00080 I i SIF -006952 -o 16946 -o 12397 0 61514 -o 11295 0 75510 0 71360 083221 006669 0 90712 1 OObullJOO 003781 o 74978 j

0 7840 05014 06241 00066 06554 00003 00009 00001 0 7926 00001 00000 08816 00003 i i iI

CLF 002155 001194 o 54944 -006136 0 51501 -0 11898 0 30259 o 22757 044606 -023023 003781 100000 001395 09324 0 9625 -middot- 0 0182 -08089 00287 06382 - o 2223 03638 00635 03580 08816 00000 - o-1562 - I

lmiddotmiddotI 1bullbull 1middot

09449 0 5B10 0 4580 00002 0367B 00044 00010 00001middot 0 7607 00080 00003 09562 00000 NIF -0 01755 -o 13945 0 18677 0 77235 022571 063813 0 70691 0 91863 -0 07721 060387 0 74978 001395 1 00000

I SF

ND3

-0 00948 09702

0 57359 00128

-0 06773 0 7895

0 54898 00183

041263 00888-

0 70681 00010

001B84 09409-

037109 0 1295

045817 00559

0 62110 0 0001

004542 08580

-0 12277 0 6274

042099 00819

023617 03454

o 31931 0 1965-

0 19639 04348

0 61671 -0 15333 00064 0 5436

006757 -022576 0 7899 0 3677

005262 0 8357

-008816 0 7280

091598 00001

026757 02831

006616 0 7942

022764 03636

iCbull

i i

co 0 55631 0 0165

0 52842 00242

004224 08678

0 49836 00353

0 14993 0 5526

038285 0 1169

035844 0 1441

o 20851 0 4064

-o 20481 0 4149

030973 0 2110

0 18727 0 4568

-0 27334 0 2724

023756 03425

NO 0 32544 0 1876

0 25876 02998

021495 03917

0 75467 00003

035989 0 1424

0 62866 00052

0 69713 00013

0 50726 00317

-0 07765 0 7594

0 38188 0 1179

0 33233 -002472 0 1779 09224

0 51261 00296

SAS 15 27 l~EDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 27 STATION=7440 I -

l

N02

TA98P

0 04264 0 8666

TA98M

004085 0 8721

CORRELATION

BAP COR

-o 26388 049516 02900 0 0367

COEFFICIENTS PROB) IRI UNDER HORHObullO I N bull 18

BO PBF BRF KF ZNF FEF

-024236 0 59937 036052 0 42562 -005869 0 64556 03325 00086 0 1416 00782 0 8171 00038

SIF

0 51792 00277

CLF

-0 37459 0 1256

NJF

045314 0 0590

--pmiddot1 _ ___ l-1 I I ~ i

i -

03 -o 08513 0 7370

-o 10636 0 6744

-o 40365 00967

-o 10841 06685

-039356 o 1061

0 16868 0 5034

-004380 o 8630

0 03076 0 9036

036536 0 1360

0 29733 02308

02893 -o 24712 02501 03228

000644 0 9798

))

S02 0 37814 0 40175 0 40203 -0 07740 031162 -o 11333 0 17914 0 13582 o 16193 0 00068 0 12285 0 68627 -o 08408 0 1218 0 0984 00982 0 7602 0 2081 06543 0 4769 0 5910 0 5209 09979 0 6272 00017 0 7401 middot

I

SF ND3 co NO ND2 03 SO I ) i

i I j

TA98P -o 00948 0 57359 0 55631 032544 004264 -008513 037814 11

0 9702 0 0128 o 0165 0 1876 o 8666 0 7370 0 1218 1-middotmiddot middotbull

TA98M -006773 0 54898 0 52842 025876 004085 -o 10636 04017 0 7895 0 0183 00242 0 2998 08721 06744 0 0984

- --middot -- middot- ------ - ---middot--middot -- --- - - -- ___ _ - __ -- __ __ _______ - -- -- - -- - --- --------- --middot 1

IMP 0 41263 0 70681 0 04224 0 21495 -026388 -o 40365 040203 1middotr 0 0888 0 0010 08678 0 3917 02900 00967 0 0982 I

-- -- -middot ---- ---~-- -middot- -middotmiddot I I

COR 0 01884 0 9409

0 37109 0 1295

0 49836 0 0353

0 75467 00003

049516 00367

-o 10841 06685

-o 07740 0 7602

- ----- ------- ----middot------ -----middotmiddot--- --middot

-- --------middotbull--------- -1 ) BO 0 45817 0 82110 0 14993 0 35989 -0 24236 -o 39356 0 31162 i II

00559 00001 0 5526 0 1424 03325 0 1061 02081 I 11

I 4 I

PBF 0 04542 0 8580

-0 12277 06274

0 38285 0 1169

0 62866 00052

0 59937 o 0086

0 16868 0 5034

-o 11333 06543 i I

--- -- bull--middot ------middot i BRF 0 42099 0 23617 0 35844 0 69713 0 36052 -0 04380 o 17914 Ibullmiddot

KF

00819

0 31931

03454

0 19639

0 1441

020851

00013

0 50726

o 1416

042562

08630

0 03076

0 4769

0 13582

1ilvl

0 1965 0 4348 04064 00317 00782 09036 0 5910 bull I

--- --- -1middot ti

ZNF 0 61671 0 06757 -o 20481 -o 07765 -005869 o 36536 0 16193 )

00064 0 7899 0 4149 0 7594 08171 0 1360 0 5209 I

FEF -o 15333 -o 22576 0 30973 088188 064556 0 29733 000068 I 0 5436 0 3677 02110 0 1179 0 0038 02308 0 9979

i

6IF 0 05262 -008816 0 18727 033233 0 51792 0 28593 0 12285 1middot 11- I

08357 0 7280 0 4568 0 1779 o 0277 0 2501 06272 bull middot1

CLF 0 91 598 026757 -o 27334 -o 02472 -037459 -0 24712 068627 0 0001 0 2831 o 2724 0 9224 o 1256 03228 0 0017

NIF 0 06616 022764 0 23756 0 51261 045314 0 00644 -008408 0 7942 0 3636 03425 0 0296 0 0590 0 9798 0 7401

I -

--1

SAS 15 27 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 28 STATIONea7440

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROBgt IRI UNDER HORHO=O N = 18 rmiddot SF N03 co NO N02 03 502

SF 1 00000 033200 -029567 -000496 -03B569 -0 14233 049893 1middot

ND3

co

NO

N02

03

502

0 0000

0 33200 0 1783

-0 29567 0 2336

-000496 0 9844

-0 3B569 0 1139

-o 14233 0 5732

0 49893 00351

0 1783

1 00000 00000

027495 02695

0 25388 03094

-0 34866 0 1562

001501 0 9529

0 12659 06167

0 2336

027495 0 2695

1 00000 00000

071100 00009

0 46975 00492

o 10103 0 6900

000000 1 0000

09844

0 2538B 03094

0 71100 0 0009

1 00000 00000

0 44577 00637

-o 15038 0 5514

001706 0 9464

0 1139 0 5732 00351

-034866 0 01501 0 12659 0 1562 0 9529 06167

0 46975 0 10103 000000 0 0492 06900 1 0000

044577 -0 15038 0 01706 00637 0 5514 09464

1 00000 000732 -o 11744 o 0000 0 9770 06426

000732 100000 -o 16279 09770 00000 0 5187

- -

-o 11744 -o 16279 100000 06426 0 5187 00000

-- --~-- ---------- - - ---middot

ibull middotmiddot jmiddot I jbull Imiddot i1bullj lllj

11middot I bull

1- bulli 1 I ik1 jJ~ -middotgt ~ llli

11 4

----- -~- ---------i ~

II-1lt1

41

-1middot_I j

_

) I

1bull bullI I

[

~-- J

-i I I

_

_

i _

i i

I I -_

SAS STATION=7996

15 27 WEDNESDAY MARCH 13 1985 29 l -

VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

MEAN

1407777777

STD DEV

8 17554139

SUM

25339999978

MINIMUM

o 60000000

MAXIMUM

28 39999998

Imiddot1 I

middotmiddotmiddotmiddoti TA98M

BAP

CDR

18

18

18

707222222

0 13888889

032222222

426391225

006978023

025565500

12729999995

2 50000000

580000000

040000000

o 10000000

o 10000000

t4 20000000

0 30000000

090000000

I

middot1

BO

PBF

BRF

KF

ZNF

FEF

SIF

CLF ---bull middot--middot ---

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

o 48333333

22826611111

44 46111111

139 52777778

24 73888889

17422777778

450951555556

26421111111

031482955

20203637gt56

3533125826

115 77552218

15 52118624

125 44174090

33441987385

21783477519

B 70000000

4108 79000000

BOO 30000000

2511 50000000

44530000000 ~---middotmiddot--

3136 10000000

middot 8117 20000000 middot

4755 80000000

--

o 10000000

1700000000

700000000

3700000000

400000000

1700000000

7900000000

1900000000

1 20000000 I 11

77100000000 middot1 1-li

13000000000 middot- 11

middot11middot43700000000 I

i-11 7400000000 middot-I

------middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot -- -1-middot~I421 00000000 bullI

ii - middotmiddot-middot middotl 220 00000000 middotmiddotmiddot1~

Ibull

89300000000 i~I middot-------middot- - -------- -------- (

NIF 18 1685555555 1260598468 303 39999998 200000000 48 00000000 1

SF

N03

ND

18

18

9

1968 4222222

781111111 --middot-- middot-middot- ---

2 71111094

115393953280

565174506

1 72224005

35431 60000000 middot

140 59999998

24 39999843

54100000000

300000000

029999995

5790c 00000000

24 50000000

6 39999962

bulliI _t

I I

I

ND2 16 269999966 149092499 4049999332 l 19999981 b 19999981

03 15 1 77333314 1 20621393 26 59999704 middot-middot - -

0 3 19999981

S02 15 1 35333300 1 14633970 2029999506 029999995 4 29999924

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1middot

i middotj

bull-li

CORRELATIONS OF MARTINEZ EPISODE DATA pp 29-33 middot1

--


CORRELATION COEFFirIENTS PROBgt IRI UNDER HORHO=O NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS

TA9BP TA98M BAP COR BO PBF BRF KF ZNF FEF SIF CLF NIF

TA98P 1 00000 o 92935 0 28825 -o 01129 048961 0 13388 033461 0 18025 0 13720 -002539 -0 16409 -o 32350 0 10007 00000 00001 02461 09645 00392 05964 0 1747 0 4742 05872 09204 o 0153 0 1904 06928 i

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 1d

TA98M 092935 1 00000 032610 0 15817 046062 033824 0 47603 034902 033729 0 16881 0 01959 -026313 0 12028 rmiddot ii 00001 00000 0 1866 0 5308 00544 0 1698 00458 0 1557 0 1711 0 0031 09385 02914 06345

I18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

1

I BAP 028825 032610 1 00000 070710 083451 0 57460 o 72955 0 55650 0 34666 0 43439 0 36029 -o 25018 -0 23398 bullmiddotmiddot i --

I02461 0 1866 00000 00010 00001 00126 00006 00165 0 1587 00717 0 1419 03167 03501 18 18 10- 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 - i

I(

COR -o 01129 0 15817 0 70710 1 00000 063339 0 84473 084957 0 79294 0 54174 0 76B34 072613 -001103 -0 19023 middotI09645 0 5308 00010 00000 00048 00001 00001 00001 00202 00002 00006 09653 0 4496 middotI18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 bull

I BO 0 48t61 - 0 46062 --0 83451-- 0 6333t 1 00000 0 45616 --o 6738B middotmiddot 04635middot-0-23343 middot 0middot21588 middot 0-21759--0 23724 -03382B------middot-- Imiddotmiddot1

00392 00544 00001 0 0048 00000 00571 00022 00494 03512 02678 03858 03432 0 1697 JIbull

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i~1 J-llPBF 0 13388 033824 057460 084473 045616 100000 092944 0 92958 074960 090022 0 74867 -o 05122 0 18641 I j~))0 5964 0 1698 00126 00001 o 0571 00000 00001 0 0001 0 0003 00001 00004 08400 0 4589 I1a--- -----middot -1a - - 10- 18 - --- ---is-- -- -1a ------10--- -- 18 - -1a------ -1s---- -------18 - 18 18 I i ~~BRF 0 33461 047603 0 72955 0 84957 067388 092944 100000 0 84864 068574 0 76972 0 59950 -o 12210 006953 I hi

0 1747 o 0458 - 0 0006 - 00001 00022 00001 00000 - 0 0001 00017 00002 00085 06294 0 7840 18 18 1B 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

KF 0 18025 0 34902 middot 0 55650 -- 0 79294 046f35 09258 084864 1 00000 - 0 65671 o 80442 -o 6983_1 -middot o 00024 o 097c3- - - - I 0 4742 o 1557 00165 00001 00494 00001 00001 00000 00031 0 0001 0 0013 0 9993 0 6991 1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 ) 1)

ZNF 0 1370 03379 034666 0 54174 023343 074960 068574 065671 1 00000 0 72305 0 54970 -o 18941 049618 I li0 5872 o 1711 0 1587 00202 03512 00003 00017 00031 00000 00007 00181 04516 00362

---- -- 18 1e-- - middot 1a--- 18 18 18 18 -- - --18 - --- - 18 middot middot - - 1B 18 middot 18 middot---- -middot 18 - middot- I

~ i bull FEF -0 02539 0 16881 0 43439 0 76834 027588 090022 0 76972 0 80442 0 72305 1 00000 090809 -0 118f4 033937

I 0 9204 0 5031 00717 00002 02678 0 0001 00002 0 0001 00007 00000 00001 06406 0 1683 middotmiddotI

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

JSIF -- --o 16409 001959middotmiddot0 360~middot0 72613 021759 0 74867 0 59~50 - 0 69831-- 0 54970 010809 1 00000 0 15372 0 14030- I I 0 5153 09385 0 1419 00006 03858 00004 00085 00013 00181 00001 00000 05425 0 5787 middot

18 18 18 1B 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 1middotmiddotmiddot]--middot1 jugtj

CLF -0 32350 -0 26315 -0 25018 -001103 -023724 -005122 -0 12210 0 00024 -0 18941 -o 11814 0 15372 100000 -027728 1

0 1904 02914 03167 0 9653 03432 08400 06294 09993 0 4516 06406 0 5425 o 0000 02653 -18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 10007 0 12028 -o 23398 -0 19023 -0 33828 0 18641 0 06953 0 09793 0 49618 0 33937 0 14030 -0 27728 100000 0 6928 06345 03501 0 4496 o 1697 04589 o 7840 06991 0 0362 o 1683 0 5787 02653 00000 1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS I PROB gt IRI UNDER---HQmiddotRH0-O--f-NUMBER--OFmiddot-OBSERVATIONS-middot 1~ TA98P TA98M BAP COR BO PBF BRF KF ZNF FEF BIF CLF NlF middot1

bull SF 0 51471 0 5-1491 0 04099 -002761 0 18682 o 15363 023184 0 33801 036622 0 01413 -001806 008135 0 23057 bull bull 10 0288 0 0288 08717 0 9134 0 4579 0 5428 0 3546 0 1701 0 1350 09556 09433 0 7483 0 3573middot 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 - 18 - --- --- ta----- --- -18middot ---middot--- bull c

N03 0 63242 0 56885 0 15694 -000873 0 46691 -0 10536 0 10681 0 06973 006362 -0 26846 -023405 0 06398 -023346 II

I-0 0049 0 0138 0 5340 0 9726 0 0508 0 6773 0 6731 0 7834 0 B020 02814 03499 08009 0 3512 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

11bull ii(

co ---- middotmiddotmiddot-middot-- ii li iI[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

NO 0 55212 0 48690 082799 051547 0 73964 036537 o 5~405 0 17045 0 43112 0 13157 -o 01367 -o 31045 -o 14897 1 0 1232 0 1838 0 0058 0 1555 0 0227 0 3336 0 1217 0 6611 0 2466 0 7358 0 9722 0 4162 0 7021

9 - 9 - 9 9 9 - 9 - 9-- -- - ---9--------middot --- 9------ - -- middot9------ --------9--- ------middot----9------- --- -middot 9-----~--tImiddot N02 0 29052 0 51279 0 41615 0 74490 033341 0 93532 0 83513 0 85814 074557 093257 089792 -0 16144 032692 i 0 2935 0 0506 0 1229 0 0014 0 2246 00001 00001 00001 00014 00001 0 0001- --- 0 5654- 0 2343 --- ---- - i

llt

I 3

l -----oa --0 4 705 l- ---0 -53725--0 -485-4amp---0--61 l 88 -0---62129 -O-i4779 -0 4amp19amp-middot --0 24aee--0---31080- -OcmiddotO1amp1-2--e middot04-ca9---0-d 5703 G---QSH 8 middotff

I 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

rj 00767 00389 00666 0 1729 00134 03732 00908 03811 02595 09573 08808 0 5762 03102 l

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 3i ~802 0 73863 0 58663 041270 -001688 0 52023 -o 14223 0 14874 -o 06508 -004904 -o 32131 -031231 0 15680 -022241 n0 0017 00215 0 1263 0 9524 00468 06131 0 5968 0 8177 08622 02429 02571 0 5768 04256

16 16 15- ---- - 15 15 15 15 15-- - 15 -- 15 -- --15 --15------ --- -15------ -- middot

middot I

SF N03 co NO N02 03 802 middottmiddot _ middotIlt

TA98P 0 51471 0 63242 0 55212 029052 -o 47051 0 73863 0 0288 00049 0 1232 02935 00767 0 0017 -~--er--~bullmiddot~

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1 iIll

TA98H 0 51491 0 56885 0 48690 0 51279 -0 53725 0 58663 Imiddotbull0 0288 0 0138 0 1838 0 0506 0 0389 0021 i1bull

bulls_18 18 0 9 15 15 15i -- ----------[

BAP 0 04099 0 15694 082799 041615 -0 48545 0 41270 0 8717 0 5340 0 0058 o 1229 0 0666 0 1263 Imiddotimiddot 18 18 0 9 15 15 15 I_

t1

COR -o 02761 -0 00873 0 51547 074490 -0 37138 -001688 04

Imiddot 0 9134 0 9726 0 1555 00014 0 1729 09524 - middot-middotmiddotmiddot --middot-middot-~middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot--~- ~middot~--~-- I 18 18 0 9 15 15 15 I ~~

BO 0 18682 0 46691 0 73964 033341 -062129 0 52023 lti 0 4579 0 0508 0 0227 02246 00134 0046B 1(l

7118 18 0 9 15 15 15 --- - -middot ~

iS 1527 WEDNESDAY MARCH 19B5 32-STATIONbull7996

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PROB) IRl UNDER HORHObullomiddotrmiddotmiddotNUMBeRmiddotop---oeSERVATfONS--middot- -

3 2

SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 3

4

bull PBF 0 15363 -0 10536 036537 093532 -0 24779 -0 14223 bull

0 5428 0 6773 03336 0 0001 03732 06131 middot~- -middot middotbull--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot~ bull18 18 0 9 15 15 15

BRF 0 231B4 0 106B1 0 55405 083513 -045195 0 14874 I

0 3546 0 6731 0 1217 00001 00908 0 596B 18 18 0 9 15 15 15

Imiddot

KF 0 33801 0 0673 0 17045 085814 -024388 -006508 - -- - --- - - middot- 0 1701 0 7834 0 6611 o 0001 03B11 08177

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1I

ZNF 0 36622 006362 0 43112 0 74557 -0 310B0 -004904 1 0 1350 08020 02466 0 0014 02595 08622

2 18 18 0 15 - 15 15 ---------- -1_

FEF 001413 -026846 0 13157 093257 -001512 -032131 2

middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot-middot---- -bull- --middotmiddotmiddot--middot middot----- - 1- 18 18 0 9 15 15 1

0956 0 2814 0 735B 00001 0 9573 0242 3

3

middots-1Fmiddot middot middot ~o 01 SOrmiddot-O 23405 - --- -------0--01367bull--o M7-n--0 0423P -0~31231-------------middot--middotmiddot-middot-middotmiddot-middot-middotmiddot-middot middot--middotmiddot-middotmiddot----middot------~----_ rmiddotmiddot 09433 0 3499 09722 00001 08808 02571 3

18 18 0 9 15 15 15imiddotmiddotmiddot CLF 008135 006398 -031045 -0 16144 -o 15703 0 15680

0 7483 0 8009 0 4162 o 5654 05762 0 5768 ---- ---o- - ------middot----- -middot ----middot --- 18 18 middot 9 15 15 15

NIF 0 23057 -023346 -o 14897 032692 028110 -0 22241 0 3573 03512 0 7021 02343 03102 0 4256

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 SF l 00000 066667 --- ----- middot-00573b - 0 1724~ -041658 052203

00000 00025 08835 0 5389 0 1224 00459 I 18 18 0 9 15 15 151middot I 1 N03 0 66667 1 00000 022436 -009255 -o 58411 079808

0 0025 0 0000 0 5617 0 7429 00222 0 0004 - o- t 5middot middot ---- middot - - -----middot- --- -- middot-middot middotmiddot -middot-middot-----middot - ------~middot ~~1middotmiddot11 - 18 18 9 15 15

I I co

fi

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bullbullbullNO -o 05736 0 22436 -- 1 00000 0 19817 -o 30163 0 58598 -middot---~-- middot5

0 8835 0 5617 00000 06093 0 4302 00973 bullmiddot 9 9 0 9 9 9 9

N02 0 17244 -o 09255 0 19817 100000 -009374 -0 16884 0 5389 0 7429 06093 00000 0 7397 0 5475

15 15 0 9 15 15 15 7

7


CORRELATION middotCOEFFIC IENTB middotmiddotmiddotPROB gt middotmiddotIR tmiddotmiddotUNDER-HORHOcO--NUHBER-middotOF--OBSERVATIONSmiddot------ --~

SF N03 co NO N02 03 S 2

03 -o 41658 -o 58411 -o 30163 -009374 1 00000 -o 56403 0 1224 0 0222 04302 o 7397 00000 00285

--~---middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot -bullbullbull -bull--bull bull--bull -~ bullbull~bullr-- ~bull -----bull bullbullbullbullbull-bullbullbull _15 15 0 9 15 15 15

S02 0 52203 0 79808 0 58598 -0 16884 -0 56403 1 00000 0 0459 0 0004 0 0973 0 5475 00285 00000

15 15 0 9 15 15 15

i I fbull

-middot----~------ middotmiddot-middotmiddot--- --- - -middot-middotmiddot --- - ~-

APPENDIX IV aJMPLETE DATA SET FCR CONTRA COST A SEASONAL CXlMPOSITES

NOVEMBER 1979 - OCTCBER 1984

STATION 7430 = PITTSBLRG STATION 7433 = Ria-lMCllD STATION 7440 = aJNCXlRD PERIOD 801 = NOVEMBER 1979 - FEBRUARY 1980 PERIOD 802 = MARa-1 1980 - JUNE 1980 ETC

--

bullbull

SAS 1J 37 FRIDAY APRIL 5 1985

O 30 8 5 4 3 7433 811 76 0 43 12 2 10 1 499 8-tfrac14----~---e-2-l-------middot-6middot-9----middotmiddotmiddot-8middot5 ---- middotmiddotmiddot ----- 7433 813 55 020

I I ------------------------------------------middot---- STATIDNbull7430 ----------------------------------------------------------I

~ ODS 6fAHON PefH-aB-MAGS LEAB- 604 -Nea---OR~AfHGS BKF BAP lIQP ---GBR--18 TA98P TA90H fAIOl~RP TA9BNRM

J------middot--middot-middot--------i~-------- g1~ ~ 1 ____ g~- _g -----~ ~ gf ~1-----fri -t-- Z~ 3 7430 803 91 0 29 9 5 6 6 2 6 0 1 0 1 0 4 0 2 0 1 4 4 3 7 1 8 1 3 4 7430 811 85 039 94 122 55 04 05 24 12 10 88 41 45 17 1 74ao a12 69 o 11 1 ~ ----4-o a--1--~-1--0--t--G--4-middot-amp-a--o--t--t a 1 a -1 o -4----S------

e 6 7430 813 73 0 19 0 0 6 3 4 4 0 1 O l 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 1 3 2 2 2 0 9 bull 1 7430 821 58 035 57 94 59 03 05 18 09 13 132 97 80 32

----------------8-----7480 022--middot-middot-62--------018middotmiddotmiddot 5-----middot--4-amp-----2middot6middot---------0t------0middot1-----middot-0middotS-middotmiddotmiddot 02 -- 01 -4-5 ------4-t------- 86 16 9 7430 823 58 0 20 6 0 4 9 3 5 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 12 7 5 4 7 6 2 9 12 10 7430 831 50 0 25 4 9 8 8 5 0 0 5 0 6 33 22 2 4 113 60 73 3 7 11 74ao -aa2 44 o 11 ----5--0 2 s o 9 o o o e o 4 o 4 o o a 1 a o--- i a --o- -a----- 12 7430 833 58 017 65 52 13_ 00 01middot 05 02 02 148 74 62 17 13 7430 841 56 024 61 74 46 03 06 23 10 19 301 14B B9 32 - -------t-4-7400 042------51 --0 15 --- middot 6 0-- -4 2 2 9 --- middotmiddotmiddot 0-0 --- 0 t--- 0 8 - --0 2middot middot 0 2 middot-- Hr 1-----e--q----- -40- middot-- + 5 15 7430 843 65 014 23 01 01 06 05 01 124 81 39 17_I 11

18

10 ___ ~---~~~-~~~-_~--middot--~-----~~-----------middot------------- STATXON1117433 ___ ________ ____________ 4__~bull~~-bull--------------------middot--middot120

~ 1- ------aampa---middot--9-T-AHmiddot9ff---PEfH-6B- -- ---MASS-~ t-E-AB--------98-4-middot- - --NBB- ---- middotORAN-fes-- -ElltF--- -EIAP-- BGP---eeR-----Be---rA~8P-- -~--fW1-SM ~98NRP-----f-A98NRH middotmiddotmiddot 22f

23 16 7433 801 64 0 57 9 1 9 2 56 03 03 2 7 1 5 0 5 12 3 6 B 69 33

s o4 01 _ a4 aJL10- oA2e middot 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 0 3 0 l 4 0 middot bull 2 3 middot ltmiddot 12 3 l 0

26

27 5 4 0 3 0 3 2 5 l 4 0 7 12 1 6 B 3 6 7 0

middot9middot6----------0-middot1 middotmiddotbull O---l---e_--amp--middot---e--4-bullmiddot-ampbullt----------t4 2 -8--~8 0 -6--- - ---28( jbull~i 61 36 40 01 01 05 03 01 191 47 75 36 30 22 7433 821 63 0 43 5 2 6 9 5 1 0 4 0 5 2 6 1 3 1 3 11 3 5 7 6 8 3 2 -- 2a 14aa Bel ea o 22 6 s a a a 4 o 1 o 1 o 4 Q a o 1 cilth 4 9 a a ii 6if-

SI a --~- 823 4lt 020 65 29 35 01 01 11 12 01 33 126 26 06(__137

25 7433 831 51 0 32 7 0 52 58 06 09 48 3 5 17 14 7 66 7B 34 lJ

---20------~-----aa2 - -- -- -42 --- - o- tb- - --- -6 s-- - - 2 s 1 a--------middot---0--1 ---o t--------L t middot - Lt -- -o 2--middotmiddot-tt-~a--------middot4-----9middotmiddot-------s--s -- ------ t 6 -rJI 27 7433 833 55 018 76 38 19 01 01 07 03 03 147 60 64 19 -- 30 28 7433 841 52 0 28 6 6 5 1 5 9 0 4 0 7 3 3 1 4 2 0 27 4 15 2 9 4 3 9

7 -~~ -~~~~ ~~~ ~~ o i4 1 a a a a 1 o 1 o t o o o 4 o 2 i- s Hl o i 1 a a 0 U 2 1 0 1 0 1- 0 8 bull O 7 0 1 11 1 6 3 3 0 1 8

Ul3B 30

----------------------------------------------------------- STATIONbull7440 ---------------------------------------------------------l1bull 42

DBi -- 6T~HDN _ flERlG9 HASS ~Algt -694 Naa ~loF BAP BQP COR BO Ti1198P TA98H - TA98NRP TA91i1NRt4--43

44 31 _ 7440 801 73 069 77 112 107 06 13 41 19 33 48 12 77 24

40 ---------a2~--7-44a-------~-eo2---------ae----middot-- -o 28 3 7--- --- 2 7- --1 5-middot --o 1----- e--t- --0middot5-- --- o a o 1~~-1--~-----1---s------ao---------L-4 -- 33 7440 803 60 0 44 6 9 7 0 3 5 0 1 0 1 0 7 0 4 0 2 7 4 5 0 3 4 1 7 ltB 34 7440 811 90 073 74 101 105 06 12 39 18 19 144 75 90 16 6 7440 812 45 0 i24----4-4 4 6 a 4 0 middotl-----G l 09----amp--6----0 1 2 4 oil 5 14t--------------O-r-9------

36 7440 813 52 0 27 6 1 6 1 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 3 0 2 7 4 4 2 3 4 1 2 ~ 37 7440 821 61 050 44 83 107 06 15 40 18 29 55 35 30 17

88 7440- -- - 822 43 0 24 4 b 4 7 2 6 middot 0 1 -0 1 0 7 0 4 0 2 6 6 4 7 8 0 3 2 39 7440 823 39 0 24 4 9 4 4 2 9 0 1 ~- 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 17 1 5 4 6 1 7 M 40 7440 831 56 J42 41 69 106 10 c3 75 48 45 148 52 106 30

74 4 0 83a-----3d----O-t-7------4---4----8 --0-----------01----01-------h-l --- - L 2 --- --0 1---- -- -11 0 -- ------ b-0- middot--- -SA)-------11~-44-- 42 7440 833 45 020 55 50 12 01 01 07 03 02 178 77 84 2bulll

_ tor

----------------------------------------------- ---------------

__

bAl V J t-tHDAY At-tOL-

----------------------------------------------------------- STATI N-7440 ------------------------------------------ - - -----~--Qlii---4FfA+10N----~iA-HgtO----MAS6-----lEAO----- -t04-----NOa-------ORGANIGS----middot B~F------- BAP-- -BGfL COR ---IW -bull- -TA98fL--TA98t4- TA98NRP -middot- TAil8NHM Ibull

i~ 143 7440 041 so o 29 4 5 6 a a 1 o6 1 6 4 s 1 6 2 5 226 122 11 4 2 8 44 74lt10 842 asi -4---23--- 4-8----4-b------2-o--8--------9---0- l------0---8--------0 a--- 0-2------ 19-2-----12- o 4 6 ---t~o ------jb 45 7440 843 46 0 16 22 o 1 0 1 0 8 08 03 14 7 88 43 1 5 ~ r_--

1tl1-

1-1) i ~ I

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot--bull-~-----middotmiddot-middot-- middot--a---middotmiddot------ ~--- -----middot-middot IltI

bull Ibull~Ilj rImiddoti---1 _ ~iI ~

----------- --bull~bull--bull-bull~~_m __ _____~-~--bullbullbullbull-

I~===~-=~----~~--1j i1_____ __ middotmiddot~middot~ - -~--~~-- ~- --~~ ----------===middot~~~-~-------- ------~- ---f_ i____ ___________ -----middot-- -middot - middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot

i lili

bullmiddotmiddot------- ----~----middotmiddot-middot

I middot1middot1

~ i -

------------------------- I bull

Imiddot I

ii middot

II

j I

I iI

--~----middot-middot- ---- -middot -middotmiddot--

APPENDIX V

LINEAR REGRESSION SLOPES OF COMPOSITE AEROSOL POLLUTANT DATA 1979-1984

YEAR VERSUS SEASON AND ANNUAL AVERAGE

Variable Season Slope P Value Variable Season Slope P Value

Pb Winter -008 lt0001- COR Winter 02 065

Spring -001 020 Spring 004 071

Summer -004 003 Summer 007 060

Annual -004 0001 Annual 009 050

N03 Winter -13 001 BZO Winter 03 015

Spring 008 077 Spring 002 016


Annual -05 005 Annual 01 013

TSP Winter -7 010

Spring -2 042

Summer -3 034

Annual -4 012

so4 Winter -09 016

Spring 005 063

Summer -06 024

Annual -05 011

Organics Winter -0l 036

Spring aa 099

Summer -04 021

Annual -02 042

BAP Winter 5 014

Spring aa 056

Summer aa 100

Annual 004 012

Slope different than zero at the P lt005 level of significance

11111i~~li~~IIII 07488

The statements and conclusions in this report are those of

the Contractor and not necessarily those of the State Air

Resources Board The mention of commercial products their

source or their use in connection with material reported

herein is not to be construed as either an actual or implied

endorsement of such products

-ii-

ABSTRACT















a limiting factor






o3









-iii-




vehicles















-

wide








from Los Angeles



-iv-







formation






















-v-






















(Union)










-vi-





-vii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract iii



List of Tables xvii







-viii-





A Summary 11

B Introduction 12



E Conclusions 21





A Introduction 22



-ix-

26

CHAPTER IV

REFERENCES





0 Conclusions 44




A Introduction 46



0 Conclusions 54

56

-x-

62 APPENDICES












-xi-

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


















-xii-

LIST OF FIGURES



County California


3d



















out 59 (c) 19b




-xiii-





March-June) 50a





March-June) 50b










March-June) 50d





March-June) 50e








-xiv-


































-xv-














-xvi-

LIST OF TABLES






Identification 3c












Six

29a



Three

29b



Six

32a



Six

32b

-xvii-






Samples 1982-1984 32d



Samples 1982-1984 32e












Density (+S9) 34b



Density (+S9) 34c

-xviii-





Benzanthrone 36b



Richmond

38a



Martinez

38b



Concord

38c





at Richmond 40a



at Martinez 40b



at Concord 40c

-xix-



at Pittsburg 40d



















-xx-



June 1984

at

48a



1979-June 1984 48b









-xxi-

D-IAPTER I

PROJECT SUMMARY











and investigation



















-1-




~ 0



-la-































-2-









Tables I-1 and 2



















-3-

TABLE 1-1


TSP

so= 4

NO -3

ORG

BAP

BKF

BGP

COR

BZO

PBF

BRF

FEF

SIF

KF

ZNF

SF

CLF

M39BPS9

M398MS9

M398NRM

NR98M3

ORG98PS9

ORG98MS9

03 co NO

N02

so2


Sulfate Mass

Nitrate Mass


Benzo(a)pyrene


Benzo(ghi)perylene

Coronene


Fine fraction Lead


Fine fraction Iron



Fine fraction Zinc







Ozone

Carbon Monoxide

Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Sulfur dioxide


3ngm

3ngm

3ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3

ngm 3

ngm 3


revmicrog

rev microg

pphm

ppm

pphm

pphm

pphm

-3a-

TABLE 1-2




TSP

so -4

N03

ORG

PAH

Mutagens

Trace elements

so2

Pb only














Gravimetric

Turbidimetric

Colorimetric

Benzene extraction

HPLC - fluorescence

Standard Ames test


X-ray fluorescence

II ii


Chemiluminescence

Infrared absorption

Fluorescence

-3b-

TABLE 1-3







Mutagenicity PAH


Agency Performing

Analysis


AIHL AIHL

DHS-LBL

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD



Collect Gas Data

NO X

co



6 pm 6 am

Analytical Method


Ames HPLC






-3c-




FIGURE I-2

-3d-

































-4-

I + PJ I




by GC-MS HPLC

(AIHL)

Analyzed for Pb by


To BAAOMD

i ----


(BAAOMD)

FILTERS


(AIHL)

Ar------ -----

Igt

_J_

frac14dt ~--

I

(Supple t ment)



middot

bull

bullbull

TSP Gravimetrically

(BAAOMD)

~

I


(AIHL)

DATA BANK (AIHL)



each 4 months








of 10 were observed




factor



aerosol mutagens









(21)

-5-











wide








Angeles












-6-


































-7-



3 -











(28)



trends





tion







-8-




responsible










3 -





3

Gas phase HNO3













-9-
























-10-

CHAPTER II




A Summary























-11-

B Introduction






















mutagens










-12-


l Chemicals


























Berkeley California

-13-

















50 litersmin

















-14-













used throughout



















-15-










1 Chemical Mutagens






















-16-

TABLE 11-1



Chemical Plate


Suspension







experiment

-16a-
































-17-

TABLE 11-2







(revnmol)

Composite Berkeley


(revm3)


-17a-


1000

(a)+ S9

UJ E-lt -l 0

800


600E-z lt E-0 UJ gt

400

Ul 0

00

deg 200lt E-

0 ----~P----------------~------ 0 10 20 30 40 50



(f)


deg lt E-

300

200

100

Microsuspension

0

Plate Incorporation

0 _________________ ______

0 10 20 30 40 50


-17b-

00
































-18-

I I- oi Pl I

200 ---------------------------------

-

150 -

100 -


~f~t~fWW

50 lI



TIME OF DAY


M e ()


r IJJ z

6am



























at the site





-19-


E


deg lt f-

EshyuJ z

800 ---------------------------------~

-

600 -

-

400 -

-

200 -


1------1

10am 2pm


6pm

TIME OF DAY

Cl C

E

C

E (J

10pm 2am 6am6am

800 -------------------------------


E

600 -(JJ

Eshyz

-lt EshyC tJJ

400 -gt tJJ c

deg 00

lt -

E-

EshytJJ z

11111111111111111

l


TIME OF DAY

-19a-

6am


1200

1000 E

_ ltJ)


00 c

400ltC 1--

1--UJ z 200

0



TIME OF DAY

1200 --------------------------------


degE _ ltJ)

1-- 800 z ltC 1--c ~ 600 UJ 0

00

~ 400 I-I--UJ z 200

0


TIME OF DAY

200 ---------------------------------


150 (I)

1-shyz ltC 1--0 UJ

100gt UJ 0

00 c ltC 1--

1-shy so UJ z

0


TIMEOF DAY

-19b-
























sampling sites






-20-

TABLE 11-3




+59 -59


1920-705

(113-11482)

710-1915

(11482)

2020-705

(114-11582)

572 723 223 238

304 236 101 86

624 727 238 296




-20a-

bull bull

1200

M 1000

I _


bull middot-

er uJ 600 1 gt uJ

N I er

0 cr I I00

OI bull400

~ -

-uJ z 200

bull bullI

0 0 05 1 15 2

LEAD (microgm3)









E Conclusions










-21-

CHAPTER ill




A Introduction













approach












-22-



















diurnal differences














-23-






3 Chemical Analysis










(2831)















-24-


















Welfare Data System











-25-











Episode I








Episode II









-26-

Episode III








Episode IV









end of the period

Episode V







Episode VI





-27-




Episode Summary



























-28-



D + d 2 + N














Summary Statistics











-29-

TABLE III-1



M398PS9 3revm 24 21 11 3 44

M398MS9 3revm 24 9 5 l 21



M398NRM 3revm 16 4 l 2 7

NR98M3 16 036 014 015 068

BAP 3ngm 24 02 02 01 08

BKF 3ngm 24 01 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 24 09 06 02 26

COR 3ngm 24 06 04 01 15

BZO 3ngm 24 08 07 01 32

ORG microgm3 23 35 2-4 1-5 8-4

TSP 3microgm 23 64 21 24 124

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

23

23

24

79

86

45

40

44

29

32

50

9

182

223

117

PBF 3ngm 24 242 153 52 605

BRFPBF 24 020 008 013 041

ZNF ngm3 24 26 13 9 68

KF 3ngm 24 142 103 50 429

FEF 3ngm 24 128 88 26 357

SIF 3ngm 24 291 235 56 952

CLF ngm3 24 260 426 27 2173

NIF 3ngm 24 7 6 2 27

SF 3ngm 24 1797 1195 516 6473

co ppm 18 11 04 05 17

NO pphm 21 19 12 03 43

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 09 49

03 pphm 23 22 11 01 41

502 pphm 23 04 07 00 34


-29a-

TABLE ID-2



M398PS9 3revm 12 12 6 6 21

M398MS9 3revm 12 7 2 3 10




NR98M3 12 043 016 018 071

BAP 3ngm 12 06 06 01 16

BKF 3ngm 12 03 02 01 07

BGP 3ngm 12 14 11 04 34

COR 3ngm 12 08 05 02 19

BZO 3ngm 12 21 20 03 58

ORG 3ngm 12 75 35 20 107

TSP 3microgm 12 90 22 52 126

NO3 so4 BRF

3microgm

3microgm

3ngm

12

12

11

115

149

69

46

57

48

41

53

16

185

252

172

PBF 3ngm 11 262 162 82 671

BRFPBF 11 025 007 015 040

ZNF 3ngm 11 37 13 12 55

KF 3ngm NA

FEF 3ngm 11 102 39 42 155

SIF 3ngm NA

CLF 3ngm NA

NIF 3ngm 11 25 14 7 51

SF 3ngm NA

co ppm 9 12 05 06 19

NO pphm 9 28 22 07 63

NO2 pphm 9 36 15 10 61

03 pphm 9 16 14 01 40

so2 pphm 9 04 03 0 09

NA = Not analyzed

-29b-
















aerosols
















-30-





=




=



























(gt8) (44)

-31-




























-32-

TABLE ID-3




3M398PS9 revm 24 24 14 6 58

M398M59 revm3 24 10 6 2 27



NR98M3 16 035 022 012 110

BAP ngm3 24 02 01 01 04

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 24 11 07 02 24

COR ngm3 24 07 04 01 16

BZO ngm3 24 08 06 01 20

ORG microgm 3 23 36 27 15 92

TSP microgm 3 23 76 25 34 139

NO microgm 3 23 86 34 32 1583

so= microgm 3 23 84 44 51 2144

BRF microgm 3 24 50 31 8 114

PBF microgm 3 24 266 157 49 638

BRFPBF 24 019 007 010 042

ZNF ngm3 24 31 24 9 123

KF ngm3 24 157 129 38 491

FEF ngm3 24 144 98 28 371

SIF ngm3 24 326 284 24 1220

CLF ngm3 24 174 282 19 1450

NIF ngm3 24 8 8 2 33

SF ngm3 24 1810 1384 442 7640

co ppm 18 13 04 06 21

NO pphm 21 22 15 05 64

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 12 53

pphm 23 29 15 aa 5903

502 pphm 23 04 09 oo 43

-32a-

TABLE ill- 4




M398PS9 revm3 24 17 10 ltl 37

M398MS9 revm3 24 9 5 ltl 18



M398NRM revm3 16 4 2 l 6

NR98M3 16 036 013 018 070

BAP ngm3 24 02 03 01 15

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 05

BGP ngm3 24 08 07 02 28

COR ngm3 24 05 03 01 15

BZO ngm3 24 07 10 01 44

ORG microgm 3 24 33 23 11 88


so= 3

microgm 3 24 86 44 50 2314 3BRF ngm 24 41 30 7 133

PBF ngm3 24 218 168 38 714

BRFPBF 24 021 010 011 041

ZNF ngm3 24 20 11 3 52

KF ngm3 24 127 82 54 377 3FEF ngm 24 112 90 24 353

SIF ngm3 24 256 205 87 787

CLF ngm3 24 346 582 31 2895

NIF ngm3 24 7 7 2 30

SF ngm3 24 1785 1094 590 5305

co ppm 18 10 04 02 17

NO pphm 21 15 13 01 50

NO2 pphm 23 25 12 06 51

03 pphm 23 15 09 01 35

502 pphm 23 03 06 00 25

-32b-

TABLE ill- 5




TA98+S9 100 094 045 054 060

TA98-S9 094 100 049 044 059

BAP 045 049 100 038 092

COR middot054 044 037 100 056

BZO 060 059 092 056 100

PBF 028 025 008 071 019

BRF 040 038 030 074 044

KF 026 022 015 058 008

ZNF 012 012 -001 027 026

FEF 009 013 -007 028 -005

SIF -012 001 -007 013 -009

CLF -027 -022 001 -015 -005

NIF -010 -007 -012 -020 -012

SF 022 023 028 003 036

NO3 049 051 032 015 047

co 054 051 023 071 036

NO 051 045 034 049 044

NO2 032 031 011 061 018

03 -027 -035 -041 -013 -043

SO2 004 005 -002 -027 -002



-32c-




TA98+S9 100 095 051 050 065

TA98-S9 095 100 057 038 059

BAP 053 057 100 051 077

COR 050 038 051 JI 100 076

BZO 067 059 077 076 100

PBF 019 007 028 070 046

BRF 038 030 059 074 071

KF 024 010 039 066 048

ZNF -014 -019 -019 015 -001

FEF -012 -018 004 019 003

SIF -012 -016 014 015 005

CLF -020 -012 -008 -012 -006

NIF -033 -039 -019 -033 -024

SF 023 028 054 020 045

NO -3 056 057 066 045 064

co 053 042 032 065 054

NO 049 049 046 012 045

NO2 024 012 019 051 026

03 -030 -036 -063 -003 -048

SO2 -003 001 023 -033 000



-32d-

TABLE ID- 7




TA98+S9 100 095 056 055 066

TA98-S9 095 100 056 050 063

BAP 056 056 100 046 096

COR 055 050 046 100 054

BZO 066 063 096 054 100

PBF 033 035 006 073 013

BRF 043 043 028 077 037

KF 027 033 014 053 018

ZNF 034 047 010 028 015

FEF 021 032 -009 033 -008

SIF 005 016 -012 009 -015

CLF -031 -028 000 -015 -005

NIF 010 019 -012 -013 -007

SF 022 020 026 -008 035

NO3 049 051 030 000 044

co 055 058 028 072 034

NO 051 042 038 071 047

NO2 040 043 010 070 016

03 -050 -047 -041 -050 -053

so2 001 009 -009 -027 -004



-32e-

Factor Analysis











-4





data
















-33-

TABLE ill-8


Factor I Factor 2

PBF (095) NIF (088)

BRF (093) SIF (063)

KF (090) FEF (061)

FEF (0 71) ZNF (042)

SIF (053)

ZNF (048)




Factor 3

SF (084)

N0 - (083)3

ZNF (025)

Factor 4

CLF (096)

ZNF (030)

12

Secondary Aerosols

factors

10

Sea Salt

Sum 81


-33a-

TABLE ill- 9




Interpretation

KF (092)

PBF (090)

FEF (083)

BRF (081)

SIF (080)

NO (028)3

40


Nitrate found

CLF (094) NIF (087)

ZNF (090) SIF (038)

No - (036) FEF (037)3

18 17


and (some) Soil

in three factors

SF (096)

BRF (038)

NO - (031)3

10 Sum 85

Secondary so=

4Aerosols


-33b-

TABLE ill- 10



BRF (095) NIF (081)

PBF (093) SIF (080)

KF (089) FEF (066)

ZNF (0 72) ZNF (034)

FEF (067) KF (027)

SIF (040)



Soil


SF (087)

NO - (087)3

NIF (034)

ZNF (028)

CLF (099)

11

Secondary Aerosols

9

Sea Salt

Sum 86


-33c-








during the day NO3




-








i Mutagenic Density











-34-

TABLE ID-11



PBF (094) NIF (084) NO - (082)3

CLF (094) SF (090)

BRF (093) FEF (060) ZNF (052) ZNF (030) NO - (035)3

KF (090) SIF (060) SF (026) NIF (027)

FEF (0 72) ZNF (050)

SIF (056)

ZNF (037)




Refining and Soil

(NOtdeg-) and me

Salt (SO -)4


-34a-

TABLE m-12



PBF (095) CLF (095) NO - (087)3

NIF (086) SF (096)

KF (092) ZNF (091) BRF (031) SIF (053) BRF (030)

BRF (084) NO - (026)3

FEF (052

FEF (075)

SIF (0 71)




Sea Salt and Zinc

Secondary (NO -)

3

Oil Refining

and

Secondary(so =)

4

Soil


-34b-

TABLE ID- 13



BRF (094) NO - (088)3

PBF (092) SF (085)

KF (089) NIF (032)

ZNF (073) ZNF (028)

FEF (071)

SIF (047)

NIF (081)

SIF (072)

FEF (060)

ZNF (031)

KF (025)

CLF (091)




Soil


Sea Salt


-34c-













-




-















-35-




as well






present study








not clear

ii Coronene










-36-

TABLE ID- 14



BRF (091) NIF (081) SF (084) CLF (097)

PBF (090) FEF (0 78) NO - (083)3

ZNF (030)

KF (082) SIF (0 77) ZNF (026)

ZNF (041) ZNF (046)

SIF (035) KF (037)

PBF (032)

Coronene (089) (-024) (005) (-012)




-36a-

TABLE ill-15



PBF (095) NO - (082)3

NIF (086) CLF (096)

BRF (091) SF (080) SIF (052) ZNF (032)

KF (090) BRF (027) FEF (051)

FEF (079) ZNF (042)

SIF (062)

ZNF (049)

Benzan throne (028) (069) (-041) (-010)



Soil


-36b-













iii Benzanthrone




















-37-

iv Summary




soil (FEF SIF)


surface soil








Summary Statistics










-38-

TABLE ill-16


1982-1984


M398PS9 revm3 18 17 u 4 34

M398MS9 revm3 18 7 5 3 16



M398NRM revm3 12 4 1 3 5

NR98M3 12 045 017 033 069

BAP ngm3 18 02 02 01 05

BKF ngm3 18 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 18 10 06 04 18

COR ngm3 18 07 03 03 10

BZO ngm3 18 08 07 02 21

ORG microgm 3 17 35 25 16 73

TSP microgm3 17 57 19 24 70

NO microgm 3 17 78 35 40 118 so=

3 microgm 3 17 108 66 57 222

BRF 4

ngm3 18 42 24 9 66

PBF ngm3 18 209 125 52 407

BRFPBF 18 021 009 013 037

ZNF ngm3 18 28 23 9 68

KF ngm3 18 125 75 50 247

FEF ngm3 18 88 66 26 188

SIF ngm3 18 155 121 56 393

CLF ngm3 18 497 825 44 2172

NIF ngm3 18 7 5 2 15

SF ngm3 18 2506 2032 1074 6473

co ppm 18 12 02 09 14

NO pphm 18 15 10 03 30


-38a-

TABLE ill-17


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 14 8 3 25

M398MS9 3revm 18 7 4 1 12



M398NRM 3revm 12 3 1 2 4

NR98M3 12 032 010 Ol8 043

BAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 02

BKF 3ngm 18 01 0 01 01

BGP 3ngm 18 06 03 02 10

COR 3ngm 18 03 02 01 07

BZO 3ngm 18 05 03 02 09

ORG microgm 3 18 33 25 16 70

TSP 3microgm 18 77 29 35 124

No -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

18

18

18

79

107

45

51

52

28

32

68

12

178

204

101

PBF 3ngm 18 229 193 85 599

BRFPBF 18 023 011 016 041

ZNF 3ngm 18 24 8 16 40

KF ngm3 18 143 123 64 386

FEF 3ngm 18 177 121 38 357

SIF ngm3 18 463 354 120 952

CLF 3ngm 18 235 133 61 449

NIF 3ngm 18 15 7 6 27

SF 3ngm 18 1883 741 846 2915

co ppm

NO pphm 9 31 11 24 43

NO2 pphm 15 26 14 15 49

03 pphm 15 18 11 01 27

so2 pphm 15 14 11 05 34

-38b-

TABLE m-18


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 29 13 10 44

M398MS9 3revm 18 13 6 4 21



M398NRM 3revm 12 5 2 3 7

NR98M3 12 034 018 015 058

BAP 3ngm 18 03 03 01 08

BKF 3ngm 18 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 18 14 09 05 26

COR 3ngm 18 09 04 05 15

BZO 3ngm 18 11 11 02 32

ORG 3microgm 17 39 28 15 84

TSP 3microgm 18 54 12 38 74

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

73

61

53

28

14

31

47

50

25

126

89

108

PBF 3ngm 18 287 132 202 542

BRFPBF 18 018 008 013 034

ZNF 3ngm 18 20 9 9 31

KF 3ngm 18 137 102 76 339

FEF 3ngm 18 95 41 58 169

SIF 3ngm 18 209 95 134 387

CLF 3ngm 18 120 135 27 380

NIF 3ngm 18 3 2 2 6

SF 3ngm 18 1364 721 641 2614

co ppm 18 12 04 05 17

NO pphm 18 23 13 03 42

NO 2 pphm 18 31 09 20 45

03 pphm 18 19 09 03 28

so2 pphm 18 00 01 00 01

-38c-

TABLE ill- 19


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 23 9 ll 32

M398MS9 3revm 18 10 5 4 17



M398NRM 3revm 12 4 2 2 5

NR98M3 12 031 01 OlB 039

SAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 03

SKF 3ngm 18 01 aa 01 02

BGP 3ngm 18 08 05 03 17

COR 3ngm 18 06 04 02 12

BZO 3ngm 18 07 06 01 14

ORG microgm3 18 33 25 15 68

TSP 3microgm 18 67 18 52 101

NO3

so=4

BRF

3microgm 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

84

70

42

50

13

37

45

54

22

182

86

117

PSF 3ngm 18 244 182 109 605

SRFPBF 18 017 006 013 027

ZNF 3ngm 18 30 7 20 37

KF 3ngm 18 162 132 86 429

FEF 3ngm 18 153 88 48 256

SIF 3ngm 18 337 197 150 610

CLF 3ngm 18 188 141 59 393

NIF 3ngm 18 5 2 3 9

SF 3ngm 18 1437 613 516 2145

co ppm 18 09 04 06 17

NO pphm 18 13 10 04 28

NO2 pphm 18 22 10 09 37

03 pphm 18 25 13 01 41

SO2 pphm 18 01 01 00 02

-38d-



periods of sampling



















sites

-39-

2





stations











sources of COR













-40-

TABLE ill- 20


AT RICHMOND


TA98+59 100 093 069 o75 087

TA98-S9 093 100 072 056 083

BAP 065 072 100 026 091

COR o75 056 026 100 055

BZO 087 083 091 055 100

PBF 057 036 002 081 030

BRF 080 072 042 080 063

KF 052 031 009 064 015

ZNF 031 020 -003 056 030

FEF 038 018 -009 064 017

SIF 053 027 007 071 030

CLF -029 -024 -011 -018 -023

NIF 029 016 -004 021 012

SF 071 084 072 023 073

NO3 070 069 058 037 069

co 066 050 023 087 044

NO 083 078 067 076 077

NO2 059 040 016 067 036

03 -038 -046 -067 000 -054

502 075 067 0 73 053 078



-40a-

TABLE ID-21


AT MARTINEZ


TA98+S9 100 093 029 -001 049

TA98-S9 093 100 033 016 046

BAP 029 033 100 071 083

COR -001 016 071 100 063

BZO 049 046 083 063 100

PBF 013 033 057 084 046

BRF 033 048 073 085 067

KF 018 035 056 079 047

ZNF 014 034 035 054 023

FEF -003 017 043 077 028

SIF -016 002 036 073 022

CLF -032 -026 -025 -001 -024

NIF 010 012 -023 -019 -034

SF 051 051 004 -003 019

NO~- 063 057 016 -001 047

co NO 055 049 083 052 074

N02 029 051 042 074 033

03 -047 -054 -049 -037 -062

so2

074 059 041 -002 052



tco not measured

-40b-

TABLE ID-22


AT CONCORD


TA98+59 100 096 034 031 046

TA98-S9 096 100 042 017 049

BAP 034 042 100 018 095

COR 0o3l 017 018 100 035

BZO 046 049 095 035 100

PBF -014 -026 -027 070 -015

BRF 009 -005 016 o79 028

KF 005 -009 013 074 020

ZNF -013 -017 -003 -004 005

FEF ooo -011 -036 060 -030

SIF -007 -017 -012 062 -011

CLF -002 001 055 -006 052

NIF -002 -014 019 o77 023

SF -001 -007 041 002 0o46

NO -3

057 055 071 037 082

co 056 053 004 050 015

NO 033 026 021 075 036

NO2 004 004 -026 050 -024

03 -009 -011 -040 -011 -039

502 038 040 040 -008 031



-40c-

TABLE m-23


AT PITTSBURG


TA98+59 100 092 068 063 071

TA98-S9 092 100 075 057 071

BAP 068 075 100 083 085

COR 063 057 083 100 085

BZO 071 071 085 085 100

PBF 046 041 064 082 055

BRF 056 055 073 087 069

KF 049 040 050 076 056

ZNF 020 031 041 038 035

FEF 036 041 041 049 017

SIF 017 018 001 013 -021

CLF -031 -016 -007 -021 -006

NIF 073 064 049 057 056

SF 029 032 025 018 031

NO3 056 061 028 020 053

co 0 71 o 71 072 078 066

NO 059 051 055 056 042

NO2 025 023 059 074 049

03 -033 -050 -039 -012 -046

502 -025 -026 -032 -026 -051



-40lt3-











receptor area






be made

Summary Statistics








in Episode IV

-41-

TABLE ill-24



M398PS9 revm3 4 7 4 3 11




M398NRM revm3

NR98M3

BAP ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BKF ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BGP ngm3 4 04 01 02 05

COR ngm3 4 04 02 02 05

BZO ngm3 4 03 01 02 04

ORG microgm3 4 58 07 48 64

TSP microgm 3 4 37 11 24 52


PBF ngm3 4 148 58 85 202

BRFPBF 4 014 001 013 016

ZNF ngm3 4 24 12 9 37

KF ngm3 4 71 17 50 86

FEF ngm3 4 66 21 39 91

SIF ngm3 4 154 56 91 227

CLF ngm3 4 179 49 132 245

NIF ngm 3 4 6 8 2 18

SF ngm3 4 1671 316 1228 1955

co ppm 3 06 02 05 09

NO pphm 3 05 01 03 06

pphm 4 19 07 10 26NO2 03 pphm 4 25 02 22 27

pphm 4 02 02 00 05SOz

-41a-

TABLE ill- 25



M398PS9 3revm 4 24 7 16 32

M398MS9 3revm 4 10 2 8 13



M398NRM 3revm 4 4 l 3 5

NR98M3 4 043 010 036 058

SAP 3ngm 4 02 01 02 03

SKF ngm3 4 01 oo 01 01

SGP 3ngm 4 15 06 09 22

COR ngm3 4 11 03 07 15

SZO 3ngm 4 11 03 08 14

ORG microgm 3 4 74 07 68 84

TSP 3microgm 4 92 26 69 124

NO3 3microgm 4 85 14 75 106

so=4

SRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

67

95

11

27

58

56

79

117

PSF 3ngm 4 538 92 407 605

SRFPSF 4 017 003 013 020

ZNF ngm3 4 34 11 18 44

KF 3ngm 4 350 78 247 429

FEF ngm3 4 243 85 169 357

SIF 3ngm 4 512 221 387 843

CLF 3ngm 4 101 96 44 244

NIF 3ngm 4 12 5 6 17

SF ngm3 4 2025 713 1225 2773

co ppm 3 15 01 14 17

NO pphm 3 28 14 14 42

NO2 pphm 4 43 06 37 49

03 pphm 4 24 09 15 35

so2 pphm 4 03 04 00 09

-41b-

TABLE ID-26



M398PS9 revm3 4 13 6 7 19

M398MS9 3revm 4 6 2 4 9



M398NRM 3revm

NR98M3

BAP 3ngm 4 01 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 01

BGP 3ngm 4 07 02 05 09

COR 3ngm 4 06 01 05 07

BZO 3ngm 4 03 02 01 05

ORG microgm 3 4 17 02 15 20

TSP microgm 3 4 68 18 47 91

NO3 microgm 3 4 67 10 57 80

so -4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

71

43

14

9

53

32

83

53

PBF ngm3 4 254 16 236 274

BRFPBF 4 017 005 014 024

ZNF ngm3 4 31 26 9 68

KF 3ngm 4 132 41 76 171

FEF ngm3 4 192 81 101 277

SIF 3ngm 4 486 369 147 952

CLF ngm3 4 698 998 62 2173

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1040 254 746 1360

co ppm 3 10 04 06 13

NO pphm 3 11 06 04 14

NO2 pphm 3 28 02 25 30

03 pphm 3 32 07 28 41

SO2 pphm 3 01 01 00 02

-4ic-

TABLE ill- 27



M398PS9 revm 4 25 15 9 44

M398MS9 revm 4 12 7 4 21



M398NRM revm 4 2 1 2 3

NR98M3 4 030 026 015 069

BAP ngm 4 01 01 01 02

BKF ngm 4 01 00 01 01

BGP ngm 4 05 04 03 11

COR ngm 4 03 03 01 07

BZO ngm 4 03 03 01 07

ORG microgm3 3 16 01 15 17

TSP microgm 3 3 62 13 54 77

NO3- microgm3 3 57 01 57 58

so=4

microgm3 3 63 18 50 84

BRF ngm 4 23 11 9 32

PBF ngm 4 146 67 52 207

BRFPBF 4 016 002 014 018

ZNF ngm 4 18 9 9 28

KF ngm 4 94 29 55 124

FEF ngm 4 124 76 26 188

SIF ngm 4 292 203 56 487

CLF ngm 4 93 90 27 227

NIF ngm 4 10 12 2 27

SF ngm 4 1414 561 641 1902

co ppm 3 11 02 09 13

NO pphm 4 18 10 03 25

NO2 pphm 4 20 12 09 33

03 pphm 4 23 05 16 28

so2 pphm 4 04 06 oo 12

-41d-

TABLE ffi- 28




M398MS9 3revm 4 9 4 6 15




NR98M3 4 036 006 029 043

BAP 3ngm 4 02 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 02

BGP 3ngm 4 10 04 05 15

COR ngm3 4 06 03 03 09

BZO 3ngm 4 08 02 05 10

ORG microgm3 4 18 02 16 19


NO3 so -

4 BRF

3microgm

microgm 3

3ngm

4

4

4

65

92

41

14

32

11

47

54

28

77

130

52

PBF ngm3 4 218 79 137 310

BRFPBF 4 021 008 015 033

ZNF ngm3 4 23 5 16 27

KF ngm3 4 91 23 64 120

FEF ngm3 4 97 25 73 120

SIF 3ngm 4 162 46 112 202

CLF ngm 3 4 171 153 43 393

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1097 536 516 1753

co ppm 3 13 05 07 17

NO pphm 4 22 08 11 30

NO2 pphm 4 26 06 22 35

03 pphm 4 26 01 24 27

so2 pphm 4 03 06 aa 11

-41e-

TABLE ill-29



M398PS9 revm3 4 33 8 25 43

M398MS9 3revm 4 16 3 12 19



M398NRM 3revm 4 5 l 4 7

NR98M3 4 033 001 032 035

BAP 3ngm 4 04 03 02 08

BKF ngm3 4 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 4 15 09 06 26

COR 3ngm 4 07 03 03 11

BZO 3ngm 4 18 11 09 32

ORG microgm 3 4 22 09 16 35


NO3 3microgm 4 150 34 118 18l

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

150

52

73

18

85

31

222

67

PBF ngm3 4 150 49 108 202

BRFPBF 4 035 006 028 041

ZNF ngm3 4 23 6 17 31

KF 3ngm 4 114 22 94 145

FEF ngm3 4 47 8 38 58

SIF 3ngm 4 139 17 120 154

CLF ngm3 4 319 45 282 380

NIF 3ngm 4 5 l 3 6

SF ngm3 4 3537 1983 2145 6473

co ppm 3 12 02 10 13

NO pphm 4 27 15 07 43

NO2 pphm 4 19 03 15 23

03 pphm 4 02 01 01 04

so2 pphm 4 10 16 oo 34

-41pound-













prevailed













proportion




VI)

-42-

--- --- -------





should be limited
























-43-

TABLE III-30


0600 August 23-1800 August 24 1982


TA98+S9 100 090 000 052 033

TA98-S9 090 100 000 066 033

BAP 000 000 000 -aa 000

COR 052 066 000 100 059

BZO 032 033 000 059 100

PBF 097 088 000 056 040

BRF 087 082 000 059 068

KF 029 026 000 -041 -017

ZNF 083 061 000 018 004

FEF 032 003 000 -026 006

SIF 020 -003 000 -037 -010

CLF -032 -043 000 -049 003

NIF -026 -046 000 -049 -029

SF 029 006 000 -053 -038

NO -3 085 085 000 055 017

co 028 017 000 044 001

NO 037 017 OD 055 023

NO2 089 075 000 000 014

03 048 038 000 019 -013

so2 -014 -044 000 -056 -045




-43a-




TA98+S9 100 o71-H- 059 080 084

TA98-S9 071 100 078 053 068

BAP 059 078 100 071 082

COR 080 053 071 100 091

BZO 084 068 082 091 100

PBF 064 085 077 066 o73

BRF 067 084 084 073 080

KF 059 058 062 057 069

ZNF 050 070 037 031 040

FEF 039 075 057 027 043

SIF 013 032 028 015 023

CLF -032 005 -016 -039 -035

NIF -019 016 -024 -046 -040

SF -036 -007 -038 -061 -051

NO -3 050 025 010 020 026

co 082 086 081 080 092

NO 052 046 056 083 070

NO2 039 068 066 053 052

03 -007 -053 -056 -032 -033

so2 -022 -007 -005 -024 -013



-43b-

TABLE ID-32


1800 May 17-0600 May 19 1983


TA98+S9 100 098 -037 046 -024

TA98-S9 098 100 -033 049 -017

BAP -037 -033 100 021 072

COR 046 049 021 100 056

BZO -024 -017 072 056 100

PBF 044 047 028 081 067

BRF 006 004 028 066 058

KF -038 -032 041 004 047

ZNF -003 002 016 041 055

FEF -001 007 062 009 057

SIF -022 -018 070 -017 045

CLF -066 -073 -017 -033 -017

NIF -041 -030 049 010 079

SF -040 -033 070 003 068

NO -3 015 026 040 049 061

co -003 -006 000 070 063

NO 003 006 000 083 070

NO2 040 045 000 073 078

03 019 025 000 -018 -011

so2 034 038 000 020 043



-43c-

TABLE ill-33



TA98+59 10 097 061 068 070

TA98-S9 097 100 062 065 074

BAP 061 062 100 086 089

COR 068 065 086 100 080

BZO 070 074 089 BO 100

PBF 068 070 063 041 063

BRF 051 056 048 026 0-52

KF 040 048 006 001 006

ZNF 028 029 -021 -031 -024

FEF 037 041 -006 -019 -002

SIF 025 029 -019 -033 -017

CLF -031 -025 021 -015 -009

NIF -012 -009 -039 -053 -010

SF -054 -048 -056 -0 70 -049

NO -3 033 038 -015 003 014

co 052 054 035 058 045

NO 047 039 000 006 009

NO2 057 060 058 047 082

03 010 013 -045 -030 -035

502 002 006 -029 -042 -002



-43d-

TABLE ill- 34



TA98+S9 100 096-H- 062 079-H- 083-H-

TA98-S9 096-H- 100 051 064 070

BAP 062 051 100 061 062

COR 079 064 061 100 094

BZO 083-H- 070 062 094-ll- 100

PBF 050 041 030 062 066

BRF 027 018 025 OSi 056

KF 013 003 016 050 048

ZNF 061 055 021 065 081

FEF -002 -004 006 003 024

SIF -004 -002 009 -002 022

CLF -050 -039 -031 -045 -047

NIF -025 -029 013 -014 004

SF 014 003 009 053 040

NO -3 029 030 -007 005 014

co 081 070 051 083 071

NO 061 054 024 057 065

NO2 o79-H- 081 068 045 054

03 004 006 -040 011 012

so2 -051 -049 -023 -053 -043



-43e-

TABLE ill- 35




TA98+S9 100 091 031 085 048

TA98-S9 091-lE- 100 039 081-lE- 050

BAP 031 039 100 D54 096

COR 085-lE- 081 054 100 067

BZO 048 050 096 067 100

PBF 053 040 018 060 025

BRF 036 024 031 046 033

KF 010 -003 022 015 020

ZNF -031 -026 -023 -026 -030

FEF 027 013 -010 026 001

SIF -003 -005 004 003 -001

CLF -034 -048 027 -017 018

NIF -006 -010 -027 -041 -024

SF 004 -000 -006 005 -004

NO -3 -014 -007 -040 -056 -040

co 044 051 021 060 024

NO 003 -001 027 008 020

NO2 040 029 052 050 057

03 053 051 -013 045 001

so2 -032 038 -029 -058 -041



-43pound-

D Conclusions






-









by HNO3







with NO3










-44-










-45-

CHAPTER IV




A Introduction





















I-2)




-46-










Costa County (618)


















-47-







decribed (18)


















= at



fossil fuels is so2




=

Seasonal Variations



-48-

I

TABLE IV-1



Station


TA98P 3revm 15 11 (7) 11 (7) 10 (7)

TA98M 3revm 15 6 (3) 6 (3) 6 (4)

TA98NRP 3revm 15 5 (3) 6 (3) 5 (3)

TA98NRM 3revm 15 3 (2) 2 (1) 2 (1)

TA98NRMTA98M 15 042 (022) 040 (030) 043 (034)

SAP 3ngm 15 03 (03) 06 (08) 02 (02)

SKF 3 ng 1m 15 02 (02) 03 (03) 02 (02)

SGP 3ngm 15 15 (13) 21 (21) 11 (10)

COR 3

ngm 15 10 (09) 12 (12) 07 (06)

BZO 3ngm 15 05 (06) 11 (15) 06 (08)

ORG 3microgm 15 37 (15) 51 (39) 34 (16)

MASS (TSP) 3microgm 15 57 (9) 51 (15) 64 (13)


NO -3

3microgm 14 48 (24) 60 (25) 66 (29)

so -4

3microgm 14 74 (17) 52 (13) 66 (15)



-48a-

TABLE IV-2



Station


Mean SD March-June

Mean so July-Oct

Mean SD

- I

TA98P

TA98M

TA98NRP

TA98NRM

TA98NRMTA98M

BAP

SKF

BGP

COR

BZO

ORG

MASS (TSP)

LEAD (Hi Vol)

N03

so=4

3revm

3revm

3revm

3revm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3microgm

3microgm

microgm 3

microgm3

3microgm

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

14

7

8

3

053

09

05

35

18

19

69

64

042

86

68

(8)

(4)

(2)

(1)

(033)

(06)

(02)

(15)

(10)

(11)

(25)

(13)

(015)

(22)

(22)

8

5

3

2

039

01

01

06

05

01

24

50

019

36

57

(6)

(3)

(2)

(1)

(027)

(002)

(004)

(03)

(03)

(01)

(09)

(10)

(004)

(08)

(11)

11

5

5

2

033

01

01

07

05)

02

28

58

022

50

68

(5)

(2)

(2)

(1)

(014)

(003)

(003)

(02)

(03)

(01)

(10)

(13)

(10)

(12)

(13)



-48b-


4 -














studies

















-49-






Trends








=















-50-


CI)

~

LI I ()

0 Pl J I

D lt w _J

1 0

09

08

01

o 6

o 5

o 4

o 3

02

o 1

o 0

lt I I-


COMPOSITE PERIOD



12 0

Figure IV-2

10 0

cw 8 0

~

L) I )

Ul 0 tr I w 6 0

I-lta I-1--4

z 4 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


oven

1-f

lt I

N

Q) --0 rO

-shy rO gt rO

+J 0 z


90 __


80

70

60 CI)

~

~ ~ so w~~~~~~~ W~4w I~ U1 40 ()

lt ~

30

20

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

ro micro 0 z


120r-------------------------


1--lt


Cl) 8 0 E

- I J ltu-- I

0 p


QJ --0 ro --



COMPOSITE PERIOD


120-------------------------

10 0

Cl)

~ 80

L)

I l5 0

middot~(1)

601 ~ I


~ ~ I fU1 u z lt L) Ck 4 0 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


5 0





CL 3 0 lt

I CDu- _0 Hi w lt

II 2 5 0)z w 0 gt- 2 0 CL lt -J 1 50

z w CD

N

ldegr o 5 -



COMPOSITE PERIOD

~

L) z

I l5l 0

LO I w z

w z a a u


50 I



35

3 0 I--lt

lt I

---J2 5

2 0

15

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

05


50 _______________________


4 5




3 0 I D u 0) lt 1 0

~ I CXlw 25

z D n J 2 0 1-z lt 1 5 N z w 0)

1 0

o 5



COMPOSITE PERIOD



m E -


were

gt w 10 0 ~

I lJ1 0 I-middot I

-_ 0) U)

I--lt

lt I

lD

I CD 01 lt I- lt I-

50

J ~


r lt r lt pound

JUL L r pound

NOV lt L r -lt




NOV MAR L lt r lt

JUL lt lt

NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD


300-------------------------

25 0


m ~



gt w 200 0

I 1--1 Ul 0 u

I

r- 0) () 15 0

lt I

0

+ CD 0) lt I- lt 10 0 I-J E

5 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


250 cq

gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=5 a=-79199920 s=2885 1608I gt-


f--w A D MUTAC-S9)


A A A e_11=2 7078 r=0 7944

~ 50

00a--bull----------------------------------1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=S a=-7781 7600 a=1492 4784middot I-lt


l

I (J) 150z

LlJ D MUTAC-S9)


LlJ n=5 lt ~ a=-38422800 e=981 2984

b=l9410 e11=0 4951I-) e_=1 5657 r-=09147E

-

5 0


1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




(lJ

gt e MUTA(+S9)


n=5 1---ia=-39846460 e=1541 0467I gt-




bull

bull bull



00-------------------------------------

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

bullbull


1 0


~



MAR-JUN

I V1 0

~

00 0) lt f--~ z 00 0) ltf-

o 9

o 8

07

o 6 r-

o 5

o 4

o 3

o 2

o 1

o 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

lt I

--- ~

TABLE IV-3





Pittsburg 36 (22) 52 (35) 101 (49) 114 (34) 195 (93)

Richmond 66 (50) 114 (84) 69 (41) 136 (20) 187 (82)

Concord 45 (31) 81 (60) 97 (64) 145 (34) 188 (140)

3-Station Average 49 (34) 82 (61) 89 (48) 131 (29) 190 (65)


TABLE IV-4










-Sop-

TABLE IV-5



TA98 + 59 Versus


bull Pittsburg

bull Richmond

092

069

38

26

36

7

0009

008

bull Concord 098 35 134 0001






093 33 41 0008

-50q-






= 3























-51-































-52-


































-53-













D Conclusions




Pb NO3




measured








mutageni city

-54-





conditions









-55-

REFERENCES



351-359








Res 76143-164






Office








12233-232

-56-





Res 31 347-364






755






1984











-57-



























-58-



172565-2573



027a














Sci (USA) 72979-983







Res 114217-267

-59-










Mut 4531-541








Environ (in press)



Environ 18205-213







-60-



Toxicol 32 688-692





-61-

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

APPENDIX IV

APPENDIX V



(1982-1984)






Nov 1979-0ct 1984



-62-

APPENDIX I



DATE 82382


0300 285

0400 285

0500 285

0600 270

0700 270

0800 285

0900 285

1000 285

1100 285

1200 285

1300 300

1400 270

1500 270

1600 270

1700 270

1800 270

1900 255

2000 255

2100 285

2200 285

2300 270

2400 255

12

11

10

8

7

10

12

14

12

12

12

12

12

12

10

9

8

7

6

8

9

9

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400


82482

DRCTN SPEED(m[h)

255 9

240 7

240 8

240 8

240 7

240 8

240 7

255 7

270 11

270 13

270 14

285 13

285 13

285 12

270 11

255 10

255 9

270 10

270 9

240 7

210 3

270 6

240 2

60 1


DATE 101282 101382 101482


0100 195 2 0100 225 2

0200 195 2 0200 225 2

0300 240 3 0300 270 4

0400 255 3 0400 270 4

0500 240 3 0500 285 4

0600 VRBL 1 0600 285 6

0700 VRBL 1 0700 285 8

0800 VRBL 1 0800 285 9

0900 VRBL 1 0900 285 10

1000 60 5 1000 285 10

1100 45 6 1100 285 10

1200 30 4 1200 285 10

1300 30 6 1300 285 9

1400 30 8

1500 30 10 1500 45 5

1600 45 8 1600 45 3

1700 45 6 1700 345 2

1800 60 2 1800 255 1

1900 VRBL 1 1900 225 3

2000 210 1 2000 270 3

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 285 3

2300 210 1 2300 255 3

2400 VRBL 1 2400 240 1


DATE 51783 51883 51983


0100 255 4 0100 VRBL 1

0200 255 4 02JO 210 1

0300 255 3 0300 150 1

0400 240 2 0400 195 2

0500 195 1 0500 VRBL 1

0600 VRBL 1 0600 210 2

0700 240 2 0700 VRBl 1

0800 240 3 0800 VRBL 1

0900 270 5 0900 VRBL 1

1000 300 5 1000 VRBL 2

1100 300 4 1100 030 8

1200 315 5 1200 030 9

1300 300 3 1300 030 10

1400 300 5 1400 030 10

1500 300 5 1500 030 8

1600 360 5 1600 300 6 1600 030 6

1700 300 7 1700 300 6 1700 030 6

1800 285 8 1800 285 4 1800 330 2

1900 285 7 1900 285 5 1900 300 5

2000 270 3 2000 285 6 2000 285 6

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6 2100 285 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 5 2200 225 3

2300 VRBL 1 2300 270 3 2300 210 1

2400 255 4 2400 VRBL 1 2400 VRBL 1


DATE 91283 91383 91483


0100 240 2 0100 270 5

0200 VRBL 1 0200 270 6

0300 VRBL ltl 0300 270 6

0400 255 1 0400 270 5

0500 270 2 0500 270 7

0600 VRBL 1 0600 270 7

0700 VRBL ltl 0700 270 7

0800 300 3 0800 270 7

0900 285 7

1000 285 8

1100 300 9

1200 300 9

1300 300 10

1400 300 10

1500 285 10

1600 285 9

1700 360 4 1700 270 9

1800 360 4 1800 270 9

1900 300 3 1900 8285

2000 VRBL 1 2000 270 8

2100 300 2 2100 270 8

2200 300 4 2200 285 4

2300 285 4 2300 270 3

2400 300 2 2400 270 7


DATE 10483 10583 10683


0100 VRBL 1 0100 255 7

0200 225 2 0200 240 8

0300 150 2 0300 240 5

0400 195 2 0400 255 5

0500 255 1 0500 255 6

0600 240 2 0600 210 2

0700 210 1 0700 255 5

0800 240 3 0800 270 7

0900 300 4 0900 240 5

1000 300 5 1000 315 5

1100 270 9 1100 315 4

1200 270 9 1200 315 3

1300 240 10 1300 345 4

1400 240 8 1400 360 3

1500 240 7 1500 360 4

1600 225 8 1600 345 3

1700 285 5 1700 225 9

1800 270 2 1800 240 5

1900 270 5 1900 225 8

2000 270 6 2000 255 8

2100 270 3 2100 255 4

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 7

2300 MISSING 2300 270 7

2400 MISSING 2400 255 7


DATE 1484 1584 1684


0100 060 6 0100 045 7

0200 060 7 0200 045 8

0300 060 5 0300 045 8

0400 060 6 0400 045 8

0500 045 6 0500 045 8

0600 045 6 0700 060 7

0700 045 middot 6 0800 045 6

0800 045 6

0900 045 5

1000 045 6

1100 060 6

1200 045 7

1300 045 6

1400 060 7

1500 030 6

1600 015 5

1700 015 4 1700 030 6

1800 015 4 1800 030 5

1900 015 4 1900 030 6

2000 030 4 2000 030 5

2100 030 5 2100 045 6

2200 030 5 2200 045 7

2300 030 6 2300 045 5

2400 030 6 2400 045 6














Oct 1982 T 12 96 27 15 76 84 86 265 288 265 LVI 12 18 9 W 13 10 9 23 17 76 87 88 265 270 275 LVI

Th 14 151 23 1 7 62 74 75 202 222 215 WI NWI 12 15 9

May 1983 T 17 78 32 31 82 88 86 460 516 500 NI W2 15 13 6 W 18 12 1 29 34 76 87 90 433 492 485 SEI NWI 14 15 8

TH 19 66 30 34 88 92 90 469 528 490 LVI NES 10 8 2


Oct 1983 w 5 83 49 30 74 78 86 282 351 306 SI W3 10 15 15

TH 6 94 28 22 78 80 82 274 336 227 NW2 Wl 6 13 13

Jan 1984 w 4 79 81 1 0 58 54 62 141 144 125 EI NE2 8 11 9

TH 5 82 67 1 4 54 51 57 142 72 110 NEI SE2 14 15 10 F 6 80 76 1 0 54 49 56 160 81 85 EI NW2 19 20 14




TA98P 72 1984166665 12 01082550 1428 5999988 0 60000000 58 39999998

TA9BM 72 9 14166666 5 67484565 658 1999995 o 40000000 26 79999995 -~--~bull~----- ---------- -~- --------

13AP 72 020000000 0 24321786 14 4000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

COR 72 0 58055556 0 39B81475 418000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

130 72 0 75000000 0 85B26553 540000000 o 10000000 5 10000000 1middot

PI3F 72 239 69152778 177 68068817 17257 7900000 17 00000000 950 00000000 I

13RF 72 44 50416667 34 50425341 3204 3000000 600000000 18400000000


ZNF 72 24 71250000 1920486248 17793000000 300000000 123 00000000 I FEF 72 12533472222 101 30239095 9024 1000000 1200000000 45000000000


CLF 72 288 53888889 527 75181308 207748000000 12 00000000 305000000000

NIF 72 7 79722222 883981027 561 4000000 200000000 4800000000

SF 72 1794 80000000 1319 22627505 1292256000000 442 00000000 7640 00000000 -- -----

N03 71 7 59577465 4 67578676 5392999998 3 00000000 24 50000000

co 54 1 09999985 0 46702578 59 3999917 0 19999999 2 79999924

NO 63 1 79047593 1 46702605 112 7999833 0 6 39999962 1 N02 69 2 59420248 1 27543350 178 9999712 o 09999996 629999924 I~

~ 03 69 l 99565192 1 45535861 137 6999827 0 5 89999962

802 69 0 36811586 0 75078232 25 3999946 0 4 29999924 I middotbull

1 I1 r-






BRF ---- ---------


ZNF FEF SIF


CLF NIF I a

I J1

TA98P 1 00000 0 0000

72

094186 0 0)01

72

0 45133 0 0001

72

0 54114 0 0001

72

060456 0 0001

72

0 27814 00180

72

039989 0 0005

72

0 26186 00263

middot 72

0 11718 03270

middot- 72

008699 0 4675

72

-001756 -026919 -009966 08836 00222 o 4049


ibull 16

I middotbull

TA98M 0 94186 l 00000 0 48788 043885 0 59108 0 24562 037749 021840 0 12304 o 12537 001425 -022215 -007457 11

0 0001 0 0000 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00376 00011 00653 0 3032 02940 09054 00607 0 5336 1-i

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 1


0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 0011 o 0001 0 5144 00099 0 1959 09493 0 5435 0 5636 09072 03282 I B

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 19

(

COR 0 54114 0 0001

72

0 43885 0 0001

72

037608 0 0011

72

1 00000 00000

72middotmiddot

0 55756 0 70548 073679 0 5B534 0 26894 0 0001 00001 00001 00001 00224


028486 00153

72

0 13409 -o 14507 -020329 02615 02240 0 0868


jI

i bullmiddot

BO 0 60456 0 59108 092099 0 55756 1 00000 0 19453 0431366 0 25566 008036 -005102 -008937 -0 05174 -o 11664 I~ Fgt

1n fl

Imiddotmiddotbull I

fBF

0 0001 72

0 27814 00180

72

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44 44 44

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44 44 44

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0 16138 0 2953

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0 51462 0 0004

44

0 40304 00067

44

0 55CC6 0 0001

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0 50242 00005

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100000 -o 10747 00000 0 4874

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0 18434middot 00009

44

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CLF -0 30865 0 0415

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000207 -0 14512 -005387 09894 03473 0 7284

44 44 44

-o 18020 -003362 0 2418 08285

44 44

0 01384 -0 0B205 0 9289 0 5965

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-020B12 -0 10747 0 1752 04874

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0 18899 02192

44

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44

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44 44

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0 29442 00524

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IIND3 0 49232 0 50623 029892 000287 0 44009 -0 1203B 005446 0 07791 023518 -o 17030 -o 15959 -004835 0 17795 00007 00005 0 0487 09852 00028 0 4363 07255 0 6152 0 1244 0 2691 03008 0 7553 02478

44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44


33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 c

2

iND 0 50903 0 41587 038206 0 70751 046865 061193 0 71055 0 49081 028361 039356 0 27777 -o 15733 o 15573 200009 00085 0 0164 00001 00026 00001 00001 0 0015 0 0802 0 0132 00869 0 3388 03438

39 39 39 -- -- 39 39 39 -- middot39 - 39 - 39 -- 39- ---- - 39 --- - 39 -- - ---39---~~-t

ND2 0 39623 0 42635 009859 0 70120 0 15866 0 83130 0 73349 0 62731 046326 063064 0 43895 -o 18107 0 39652 00094 00049 0 5345 00001 03156 00001 0 0001 0 0001 00020 -middot 0 0001 0 0036- - 0-2512- -0 0093 --

42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42


middot i S02 0 09780 0 09423 -o 08735 -o 27067 -00384 -o 07616 0 00639 0 05851 0 14078 0 09030 0 1775~ -o 04330 0 49077


SF ND3 co NO N02 03 802


44 44 33 39 42 42 42 i

TA98M 0 20210 0 50623 0 57589 041587 042635 -0 47109 009423 0 1883 0 0005 00005 0 0085 0 0049 0 0016 0 5528 ~44 44 33 39 42 42 42


0 0905 0 0487 0 1199 0 0164 0 5345 0 0066 0 5823 44 44 33 39 42 42 42 r

r COR -0 08092 000287 0 72226 0 70751 0 70120 -0 50418 -027067 s


BO 0 34611 0 44009 0 33797 0 46865 0 15866 -0 52620 -003854 1 0 0214 0 0028 0 0544 0 0026 0 3156 0 0003 08086

44 44 33 39 42 42 42 - --- middotbull 1

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SF N03 co NO N02 03 502 ]

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lo JgttBRF 0 20229 005446 065025 0 71055 0 73349 -035514 000639

0 1879 0 72 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00210 07228 iI 44 44 33 39 42 42 42 l


44 44 33 39 42 42 42 IJOI middot(bull

IZNF 0 29022 023518 036785 028361 046326 -o 30810 0 14078 imiddot 00560 0 1244 00352 0 0802 00020 00471 03739


FEF -0 03143 -o 17030 043089 039356 063064 00002 0 09030 v ~Ill


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44 44 33 39 42 42 42 i

--- --- -middot-------- --SF 100000 0 57074 -000124 loz03909 -002841 -o 17580 0 4712~ 11H

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44 44 33 39 42 42 42 ii~ il

N03 0 57074 1 00000 0 12482 001750 -0 11774 -o 36096 0 4251 i10 0001 00000 0 4889 0 9158 0 4577 00189 00026 ~II

44 44 middot 33 39 42 42 42 - iL bullrn

co -000124 0 12482 1 00000 0 62874 0 57099 -o 36728 002018 09945 0 4889 00000 00001 0 0005 0 0355 0 9113

33 33 33 33 33 33 33 1

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NO 0 03909 001750 062874 1 00000 0 54775 -0 44879 0 13543 Ofi

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N02 -o 02841 -o 11774 0 57099 0 54775 100000 -028539 -002710 0 8583 0 4577 00005 0 0003 00000 0 0669 08647 7

n42 42 33 39 42 42 42

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SF N03 co NO N02 03 502

03 -o 17580 -o 36096 -o 36728 -0 44879 -o 28539 1 00000 -007679 0 2654 0 0189 0 0355 0 0042 o 0669 00000 0 6288


S02 0 47123 0 45251 0 02018 0 13543 -0 02710 -o 07679 1 00000 0 0016 0 0026 0 9113 04110 08647 06288 0 0000

42 42 33 39 42 42 42

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TA98P

TA98M

BAP

18

18

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0 15000000

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2 70000000

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3 40000000-------------middot-23-295- -

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COR 18 0 52222222 039490215 939999999 0 10000000 160000000


PBF

BRF

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4283333333

1 57 -4444444 - middot

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18

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30 72222222

156 55555556

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14 74012354

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1700000000

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-middot middot- - - - 1- 45000000000 3

3

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- 1450 -4444444 - -

8 30000000

327 61919948

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638 56488658

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149 39999992

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4

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co 18 0 94444434 0 58933865 1699999809 029999995 2 79999924

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1 13131291

1 31930107


41 49999291

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TA98M 0 91598 1 00000 0 74963 0 56550 0 71316 0 41446 0 54966 0 40132 0 30860 0 40986 0 18496 -O 15585 064087 00001 0 0000 0 0003 0 0145 0 0009 0 0873 00181 0 0988 02128 00912 0 4625 0 5369 00042 -


COR 0 63507 0 56550 082866 100000 084966 082039 087254 0 75878 037503 049121 0 12672 -021349 O 57042 00046 0 0145 0 0001 00000 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0003 0 1252 0 0384 0 6163 - 0 3950 middot00134

BO 0 70777 0 71316 084923 084966 100000 0 54649 068519 0 55828 034814 0 17373 -021593 -005853 0 55791 0 0010 0 0009 0 0001----0 0001 0 0000 0 0189 - 0 0017 -- 00160~-01568--middot---04906 middot---0-3895--- 09176--00161----_------



3

KF 0 48713 040132 049209 075878 0 55828 0 82598 087204 1 00000 028700 0 63164 041478 -0 13133 0 59330 a

0 0403 0 0988 0 0380 0 0003 o 0160 0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 2482 0 0049 0 0870 0 6035 middot- 0 0094 --


bullI

FEF 035988 040986 040720 049121 0 17373 0 74449 0 69153 0 63164 026191 100000 082141 -0 35441 0 51473 0 1424 0 0912 00935 0 0384 0 4906 00004 00015 0 0049 02938 0 0000 00001 0 1490 00288 -


CLF -031142 -O 15585 -007288 -021349 -005853 -022037 -0 14037 -0 13133 -0 12697 -035441 -033167 1 00000 -025158 0 2084 0 5369 0 7736 0 3950 0 8176 0 3796 0 5785 0 6035 0 6156 0 1490 0 1788 middot 0 0000 0 3139 -


middot SF 0 28894 0 31765 0 24930 0 18004 0 30830 0 16776 0 21522 0 16711 0 63384 -0 12749 -0 23080 -0 17360 0 21072 0 2449 0 1990 0 3185 0 4747 0 2132 0 5058 0 3911 0 5075 00047 06142 03568 0 4909 0 4013

N03 0 55567 0 0167

0 61048 0 0071

0 27834 0 2634

020313 0 4188

0 52764 0 0244

-0 12527 0 6204

0 03163 0 9008

0 03703 0 8840 middot

0 10979 middotO 6645

-0 26820 0 2819

-0 26761 0 2830

0 09971 033508 0 6938 ---middotO 1741-----~ middotf

co 0 70534 0 0011

0 70511 0 0011

0 72011 0 0008

0 77904 0 0001

065976 0 0029

0 77245 0 0002

0 81431 0 0001

0 68611 0 0017

0 69558 00013

0 59428 0 0093

0 27833 -021896 02634 0 3827

0 69202 00015

ND 0 58992 0 0100

0 50579 0 0322

0 55139 0 0177

0 56017 0 0156

042220 o 0809

0 68843 0 0016

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0 67002 0 0028

037301 0 1274

062731 o 0053

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03 -033221 -049548 -038254 -0 12175 -045888 -000093 -0 13765 0 12685 -o 18999 023454 045794 -020550 -006538 0 1780 00365 0 1172 06303 00554 09971 0 5860 06160 0 4502 03489 00560 04133 0 7966

S02 -025143 -025953 -032437 -026536 -050654 -001752 -o 13897 -o 03603 0 10613 0 28547 048439 -021512 -020854 03142 0 2983 0 1891 02872 0 0319 0 9450 0 5823 08871 06751 02508 00416 03913 0 4063

-- middot~- ------ -----~-~F N03 co NO N02 03 802

TA98P 0 28894 0 55567 0 70534 0 58992 025001 -o 33221 -025143 0 2449 00167 0 0011 00100 03170 0 1780 03142


TA98M 031765 061048 0 70511 0 50579 022673 -049548 -025953 1 0 1990 0 0071 0 0011 00322 0 3656 00365 02983


03185 02634 00008 0 0177 0 0104 0 1172 0 1891 i - -- --------

COR 0 18004 020313 0 77904 0 56017 0 74041 -0 12175 -026536 0 4747 04188 00001 00156 o 0004 06303 02872

I 1-middotmiddot

I 130 0 30830 0 52764 0 65976 0 42220 049444 -o 45888 -o 50654 0 2132 0 0244 0 0029 0 0809 o 0370 00554 00319


PBF 0 16776 -0 12527 0 77245 068843 083711 -000093 -001752 0 5058 06204 00002 00016 00001 09971 09450

13RF 021522 0 03163 081431 0 70372 0 76285 -o 13765 -0 13897 0 3911 0 9008 00001 00011 00002 0 5860 05823

--- -- ---------- ----middot- - ----- - -- --- middot- --~---- -- --- - - --- --- - ---

KF 0 16711 003703 068611 067002 045880 0 12685 -003603 0 5075 08840 00017 00023 00555 06160 0 8871

i ZNF 0 63384 0 10979 069558 037301 042236 -0 18999 0 10613I 00047 06645 00013 0 1274 o 0808 0 4502 06751


i FEF -0 12749 -026820 0 59428 062731 0 53119 023454 0 28547 06142 02819 0 0093 00053 00233 03489 02508 - - t

SIF -0 23080 -026761 0 27833 034285 006999 0 45794 0 48439 0 3568 0 2830 0 2634 0 1637 o 7826 00560 00416middot


CLF -0 17360 009971 -021896 -0 40289 -020935 -0 20550 -021512 le

0 4909 06938 0 3827 0 0974 o 4044 04133 03913

NIF 0 21072 0 33508 0 69202 0 58109 0 50099 -o 06538 -o 20854 170 4013 0 1741 00015 0 0114 00342 0 7966 0 4063

I



I


SF 1 00000 0 46453 0 37823 0 07208 006238 -031989 0 0000 0 0521 0 1217 0 7762 0 8058 0 19561middot

ND3 0 46453 1 00000 0 24259 -0 18670 -0 14874 -~ 45076 00521 0 0000 0 3321 0 4582 0 5558 0 0605

co 0 37823 0 24259 1 00000 0 71631 0 54136 -0 14710 0 1217 03321 00000 00008 00203 0 5602

NO 007208 -0 18670 0 71631 1 00000 034371 0 02900 0 7762 0 4582 00008 0 0000 0 1626 09091

ND2 0 06238 -0 14874 0 54136 0 34371 1 00000 -0 07769 0 8058 0 5558 00203 0 1626 0 0000 0 7593


03 -o 31989 -045076 -o 14710 002900 -007769 1 00000 o 1956 00605 o 5602 0 9091 o 7593 0 0000


802

001000 09686


-0 36811 0 1328

o 010s 0 9418

- - -- ~middot-----

0 04331 0 8645 middot

-o 12657 06167



middot- 802 001000 -o 36811 001855 0 04331 -0 12657 0 50537 1 00000 0 9686 0 1328 0 9418 0 8645 06167 0 0324 0 00001bullI



VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

middotmiddot MEAN

15 53333332

STD DEV

1160724924


279 59999980


1 70000000

f1Aft

3800000000

2

3

4

0

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TAJBM

BAP

16

18

0 2222222

0 18888889

470526100

0 17111705

124 -99P5

3 40000000


o 10000000


JI0 70000000 12

COR 18 060555556 038267206 1089999999 o 10000000 1 60000000


PBF 18 191 83333333 142 44844269 345300000000 4900000000 57600000000


u

ZNF 18 23 16666667 2935432627 41700000000 3 00000000 123 00000000 I 2E

FEF 18 77 33333333 76 15309657 139200000000 1200000000 29000000000 12


3~ ~l~ 3gt

CLF 18 55633333333 921 65918162 1001400000000 1200000000 NIF 18 633333333 5 58358940 114 00000000 2 00000000 2000000000


N03 17 720588235 409946194 122 49999993 350000000 1629999995

co 18 1 15555547 036817857 20 79999846 o 50000000 209999943


N02 18 2 21111060 1 12453320 39 79999083 069999999 5 29999924 gt


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01

6


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7

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7 7(




18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

TA98M 0 92786 l 00000 0 72027 0 55831 0 82658 0 36347 0 72067 0 30814 0 19909 0 183B1 0 27021 -o 24485 0 16441 00001 0 0000 0 0007 0 0160 00001 0 1382 0 0007 02135 0 4284 o 4653 02782 03275 0 5145

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 middot~ _ ~

IMP 0 694~9 0 72027 100000 026151 0 90959 0 02019 0 41595 0 08606 -003357 -0 09269 o 06630 -o 11526 -o 03899 0 0014 00007 0 0000 0 2945 o 0001 09366 00860 0 7342 08948 0 7145 0 7938 06488 0 0779

18 18 18 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

COR 0 74542 0 55831 026151 l 00000 0 55119 080568 0 79948 0 64018 0 55552 0 63819 0 71161 -0 17908 020556 0 0004 00160 0 29-45 -- 0 0000 0 0177 00001 00001 0 0042-- 00167 0 0044 - 0-0009-middot 0-4771 ---0 4132----~

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

BO 087202 082658 0 90959 0 55119 1 00000 030154 0 63241 0 29046 0 14882 0 16657 0 29835 -o 22686 middot 0 12310 --i 0 0001 0 0001 0 0001 0 0177 0 0000 0 240 00049 02423 0 5556 0 5089 02292 03653 0 6265


0 0127 0 1382 0 9366 0 0001 o 2240 0 0000 00001 0 0001 00010 0 0001 00001 0 6660 0 0110 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

KF 0 51850 0 30814 008606 064018 029046 0 87240 0 72937 1 00000 0 70005 087520 0 85297 0 12863 0 58343 0 0275 0 2135 0 7342 0 0042 0 2423 00001 0 0006 00000 00012 0 0001 00001 0 6110 0 0110

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -middotmiddot-----~-- --

ZNF 030529 0 19909 -003357 0 55552 0 14882 0 70828 0 59161 0 70005 1 00000 087145 0 54483 0 11953 0 54444 0 2180 0 4284 08948 0 0167 0 5556 00010 00097 00012 00000 0 0001 00194 0 6366 0 0195

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

FEF 0 38214 0 18381 -0 09269 063819 0 16657 083543 0 60433 0 87520 0 87145 100000 0 78481 -0 00453 0 61174 0 1176 0 4653 0 7145- 0 0044 0 5089 00001 00079 0 0001-- --0 0001 -0 0000 -- 0-0001 -- 0 9858----- 0 00-10----- ----1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18i1middotmiddot

SIF 0 52537 027021 0 06630 0 71161 029835 0 79259 0 58652 0 85297 0 5~483 0 78481 1 00000 -007886 0 51571 0 0252 0 2782 0 7938 0 0009 0 2292 00001 0 0105 00001 00194 0 0001 0 0000 0 7558 00285


CLF -0 28647 -o 24485 -o 11526 -0 17908 -022686 -o 10927 0 07669 0 12863 0 11953 -000453 -o 07886 1 00000 -0 20751 0 2491 03275 0 6488 0 4771 0 3653 06660 0 7623 06110 06366 0 9858 0 7558 0 0000 04087

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 29335 0 16441 -003899 0 20556 0 12310 0 58337 034274 0 58343 0 54444 0 61174 0 51571 -o 20751 1 00000 02374 0 5145 0 8779 0 4132 06265 0 0110 0 1638 0 0110 0 0195 o 0070 0 0285 04087 0 0000 -- --- -- ---

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




SF 0 71313 083969 0 71558 0 22603 o 72637 0 09862 0 44639 0 10128 -005963 -005255 0 12180 -030267 022105 00009 0 0001 00008 03671 0 0006 06970 00633 06892 0 8142 0 8359 06302 02222 03781


ND3 0 70324 0 68520 0 57713 037124 069133 0 40748 0 55993 0 54401 0 50399 0 50803 0 47233 -o 14438 061873 00016 00024 00153 0 1423 0 0021 0 1045 00194 00240 00391 0 0373 00556 0 5B04 0 0081

17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


2N02 0 59259 039963 0 16270 067239 035817 089205 078246 0 92474 074285 087231 080553 005950 064767 -2


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 3


3502 0 75127 0 67523 073330 0 52519 0 78480 0 37019 0 57116 0 50172 044426 0 49609 0 55138 -o 08942 029820 30 0003 00021 00005 0 0252 00001 0 1305 00133 00339 0 0647 00363 00177 0 7242 02294


SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 I~

TA98P 0 71313 o 70324 066396 083251 059259 -037864 075127 middot - --- - ----- -- -- - --- -- ------- -f

bull1


middotTA98M 083969 0 68520 0 50083 0 77972 039963 -o 46393 067523

Cl 00001 00024 00343 00001 o 1004 00525 00021


00008 0 0153 03691 00023 o 5189 00024 00005 (

1B 17 18 18 18 18 18 6bull



i 18 17 18 18 18 18 18 o

130 0 72637 0 69133 0 43936 0 77128 035817 -o 54332 middoto 784Bo 00006 0 0021 00681 0 0002 o 1444 00198 0 0001

18 17 18 18 18 18 18 -------- lr

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- --- ---



SF N03

PBF 0 09862 0 40748 0 6970 0 1045

18 17

DRF 0 44639 0 55993 0 0633 0 0194

18 17

KF 0 10128 0 54401 0 6892 00240

18 17

ZNF -005963 0 50399 0 8142 0 0391

18 17

FEF -005205 0 50803 0 8359 0 0373

I 18 17 bull 1



02222 0 5804 18 17

NIF 0 22103 061873 0 3781 00081

18 17

i SF l 00000 0 64435 I 00000 00052

18 17 I


111 co 0 15196 0 31686Imiddot

0 5472 02153 18 17

NO 0 48753 0 43096 o 0401 0 0842

18 17

ND2 0 14107 0 59138 b 5766 0 0124

18 17

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18 0 0121

18 0 0001

18 0 4648

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0 78881 0 0001

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087660 0 0001

18

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0 78246 -026944 0 0001 0 2796

18 18

092474 024139

0 57116 00133

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0 0563 18

0 0001 18

03346 18

00339 18

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060760 037468 074285 030709 o 44426 00075

-- 18 0 1255

---- 18 0 0004

18--0 2151

18 0 0647




3018 18 18 18 18


0 0012 0 1217 0 0001 0 3555 0 0177 4 18 18 18 18 18 30


41

4

0 11923 0 02979 064767 0 25318 0 29820 06375 0 9066 00037 03107 0 2294

4018 18 18 18 18 4


0 5472 00401 0 5766 00646 00134 18 18 18 18 18 -Imiddot

5bull1031686 0 43096 0 59138 -0 15354 0 78859 0 2153 00842 00124 0 5563 0 0002



18 18 18 18 18 lo=bull 1r1


18 18 18 18 18 ltP

j1~1

bull1110 70880 0 55764 1 00000 0 05266 0 59471 I 0 0010 0 0162 0 0000 0 8356 00092 71i


_




03 -o 44444 -o 15354 -001013 -0 53711 005266 1 00000 -0 32031 bi 0 0646 0 5563 09682 00215 o 8356 00000 0 1950

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

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18 17 18 18 18 18 18

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TA98P

TA9811

BAP

CDR

N MEAN

18 27 34444442

18 12 22222221

18 o 32222222

18 0 87222222



I

6 1gt9245012 219 99999975 3 40000000 2b 79999995 1~1 -

0 42086124 5 79999999 o 10000000 160000000 11

036267885 1569999999 030000000 160000000 H BO

PBF

BRF

18 1 11gt111111

18 28700000000

18 52 00000000

130435420 20 89999999 o 10000000 5 10000000 1 111 14902348808 516600000000 8600000000 667 00000000 I J ~

I ~ middot1 I

1-middot11

3438B78066 93600000000 600000000 125 00000000

KF 18 13083333333

99 97249622 35500000000 3600000000 406-00000000 1middot1

ZNF

FEF

18 20 22222222

18 9322222222

middot bullbull 1


40 25030659 1678 00000000 2000000000 18000000000 -

SIF

CLF

NIF

SF

16 20amp50000000


18 266666667


--


i1

218 211H369 2277 00000000 1800000000 971 00000000 1


tbullmiddot 1111


ND3 18 704444444 -- - -----


co 18 1 19999973 0 39704784 a 59999514 o 19999999 189999962



03 18 1 62222203 1 55433184 29 19999653 0 4 59999943

602 18 o 03888888 I bullbullI

008498365 019999987 0 0 29999995- I I


--




TA98P 1 00000 0 95880 0 33769 030796 045622 -o 14393 008990 0 05364 -o 13524 0 00460 -o 06952 002155 -001755 00000 0 0001 0 1705 0 2138 00570 0 5688 07228 08326 0 5926 09855 o 7840 09324 09449

TA98H 0 95880 1 00000 041939 0 16604 049250 -026445 -004611 -0 08562 -0 17367 -0 11225 -0 16946 0 01194 -o 13945 00001 0 0000 00932 0 5102 00379 02889 08558 07355 04907 06574 0 5014 09625 0 5810 middot

BAP 0 33769 0 41939 1 00000 0 18156 095321 -o 26383 0 15729 0 13137 -0 03319 -0 35950 -0 12397 0 54944 0 18677 0 1705 o 0832 00000 0 4709 00001 02901 0 5331 06033 08960 0 1429 06241 00182 04580


BO 0 45622 0 49250 095321 035446 100000 -0 14965 028353 0 20042 0 04606 -0 30491 -0 11295 0 51501 022571 - 1

00570 00379 0 0001 0 1490 0 0000 0 5534 02542 04252 08560middot 02186 06554 00287 0 3678 1 Ibull

i iPBF -0 14393 -0 26445 -o 26383 070265 -0 14965 100000 0 84410 0 73014 0 17409 084866 0 75510 -o 11898 063813


I


JbullII


111


middot1 FEF 0 00460 -0 11225 -03~950 0 60364 -030491 084866 065601 0 70146 001902 100000 090712 -023023 060387


0 7840 05014 06241 00066 06554 00003 00009 00001 0 7926 00001 00000 08816 00003 i i iI

CLF 002155 001194 o 54944 -006136 0 51501 -0 11898 0 30259 o 22757 044606 -023023 003781 100000 001395 09324 0 9625 -middot- 0 0182 -08089 00287 06382 - o 2223 03638 00635 03580 08816 00000 - o-1562 - I


09449 0 5B10 0 4580 00002 0367B 00044 00010 00001middot 0 7607 00080 00003 09562 00000 NIF -0 01755 -o 13945 0 18677 0 77235 022571 063813 0 70691 0 91863 -0 07721 060387 0 74978 001395 1 00000

I SF

ND3

-0 00948 09702

0 57359 00128

-0 06773 0 7895

0 54898 00183

041263 00888-

0 70681 00010

001B84 09409-

037109 0 1295

045817 00559

0 62110 0 0001

004542 08580

-0 12277 0 6274

042099 00819

023617 03454

o 31931 0 1965-

0 19639 04348

0 61671 -0 15333 00064 0 5436

006757 -022576 0 7899 0 3677

005262 0 8357

-008816 0 7280

091598 00001

026757 02831

006616 0 7942

022764 03636

iCbull

i i

co 0 55631 0 0165

0 52842 00242

004224 08678

0 49836 00353

0 14993 0 5526

038285 0 1169

035844 0 1441

o 20851 0 4064

-o 20481 0 4149

030973 0 2110

0 18727 0 4568

-0 27334 0 2724

023756 03425

NO 0 32544 0 1876

0 25876 02998

021495 03917

0 75467 00003

035989 0 1424

0 62866 00052

0 69713 00013

0 50726 00317

-0 07765 0 7594

0 38188 0 1179

0 33233 -002472 0 1779 09224

0 51261 00296


l

N02

TA98P

0 04264 0 8666

TA98M

004085 0 8721

CORRELATION

BAP COR

-o 26388 049516 02900 0 0367



-024236 0 59937 036052 0 42562 -005869 0 64556 03325 00086 0 1416 00782 0 8171 00038

SIF

0 51792 00277

CLF

-0 37459 0 1256

NJF

045314 0 0590

--pmiddot1 _ ___ l-1 I I ~ i

i -

03 -o 08513 0 7370

-o 10636 0 6744

-o 40365 00967

-o 10841 06685

-039356 o 1061

0 16868 0 5034

-004380 o 8630

0 03076 0 9036

036536 0 1360

0 29733 02308

02893 -o 24712 02501 03228

000644 0 9798

))

S02 0 37814 0 40175 0 40203 -0 07740 031162 -o 11333 0 17914 0 13582 o 16193 0 00068 0 12285 0 68627 -o 08408 0 1218 0 0984 00982 0 7602 0 2081 06543 0 4769 0 5910 0 5209 09979 0 6272 00017 0 7401 middot

I


i I j

TA98P -o 00948 0 57359 0 55631 032544 004264 -008513 037814 11


TA98M -006773 0 54898 0 52842 025876 004085 -o 10636 04017 0 7895 0 0183 00242 0 2998 08721 06744 0 0984


IMP 0 41263 0 70681 0 04224 0 21495 -026388 -o 40365 040203 1middotr 0 0888 0 0010 08678 0 3917 02900 00967 0 0982 I


COR 0 01884 0 9409

0 37109 0 1295

0 49836 0 0353

0 75467 00003

049516 00367

-o 10841 06685

-o 07740 0 7602



00559 00001 0 5526 0 1424 03325 0 1061 02081 I 11

I 4 I

PBF 0 04542 0 8580

-0 12277 06274

0 38285 0 1169

0 62866 00052

0 59937 o 0086

0 16868 0 5034

-o 11333 06543 i I


KF

00819

0 31931

03454

0 19639

0 1441

020851

00013

0 50726

o 1416

042562

08630

0 03076

0 4769

0 13582

1ilvl

0 1965 0 4348 04064 00317 00782 09036 0 5910 bull I

--- --- -1middot ti

ZNF 0 61671 0 06757 -o 20481 -o 07765 -005869 o 36536 0 16193 )

00064 0 7899 0 4149 0 7594 08171 0 1360 0 5209 I

FEF -o 15333 -o 22576 0 30973 088188 064556 0 29733 000068 I 0 5436 0 3677 02110 0 1179 0 0038 02308 0 9979

i

6IF 0 05262 -008816 0 18727 033233 0 51792 0 28593 0 12285 1middot 11- I

08357 0 7280 0 4568 0 1779 o 0277 0 2501 06272 bull middot1

CLF 0 91 598 026757 -o 27334 -o 02472 -037459 -0 24712 068627 0 0001 0 2831 o 2724 0 9224 o 1256 03228 0 0017

NIF 0 06616 022764 0 23756 0 51261 045314 0 00644 -008408 0 7942 0 3636 03425 0 0296 0 0590 0 9798 0 7401

I -

--1



SF 1 00000 033200 -029567 -000496 -03B569 -0 14233 049893 1middot

ND3

co

NO

N02

03

502

0 0000

0 33200 0 1783

-0 29567 0 2336

-000496 0 9844

-0 3B569 0 1139

-o 14233 0 5732

0 49893 00351

0 1783

1 00000 00000

027495 02695

0 25388 03094

-0 34866 0 1562

001501 0 9529

0 12659 06167

0 2336

027495 0 2695

1 00000 00000

071100 00009

0 46975 00492

o 10103 0 6900

000000 1 0000

09844

0 2538B 03094

0 71100 0 0009

1 00000 00000

0 44577 00637

-o 15038 0 5514

001706 0 9464

0 1139 0 5732 00351

-034866 0 01501 0 12659 0 1562 0 9529 06167

0 46975 0 10103 000000 0 0492 06900 1 0000

044577 -0 15038 0 01706 00637 0 5514 09464

1 00000 000732 -o 11744 o 0000 0 9770 06426

000732 100000 -o 16279 09770 00000 0 5187

- -

-o 11744 -o 16279 100000 06426 0 5187 00000

-- --~-- ---------- - - ---middot


11middot I bull


11 4

----- -~- ---------i ~

II-1lt1

41

-1middot_I j

_

) I

1bull bullI I

[

~-- J

-i I I

_

_

i _

i i

I I -_

SAS STATION=7996


VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

MEAN

1407777777

STD DEV

8 17554139

SUM

25339999978

MINIMUM

o 60000000

MAXIMUM

28 39999998

Imiddot1 I


BAP

CDR

18

18

18

707222222

0 13888889

032222222

426391225

006978023

025565500

12729999995

2 50000000

580000000

040000000

o 10000000

o 10000000

t4 20000000

0 30000000

090000000

I

middot1

BO

PBF

BRF

KF

ZNF

FEF

SIF


18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

o 48333333

22826611111

44 46111111

139 52777778

24 73888889

17422777778

450951555556

26421111111

031482955

20203637gt56

3533125826

115 77552218

15 52118624

125 44174090

33441987385

21783477519

B 70000000

4108 79000000

BOO 30000000

2511 50000000

44530000000 ~---middotmiddot--

3136 10000000


4755 80000000

--

o 10000000

1700000000

700000000

3700000000

400000000

1700000000

7900000000

1900000000

1 20000000 I 11

77100000000 middot1 1-li

13000000000 middot- 11


i-11 7400000000 middot-I



Ibull

89300000000 i~I middot-------middot- - -------- -------- (

NIF 18 1685555555 1260598468 303 39999998 200000000 48 00000000 1

SF

N03

ND

18

18

9

1968 4222222


2 71111094

115393953280

565174506

1 72224005

35431 60000000 middot

140 59999998

24 39999843

54100000000

300000000

029999995

5790c 00000000

24 50000000

6 39999962

bulliI _t

I I

I

ND2 16 269999966 149092499 4049999332 l 19999981 b 19999981

03 15 1 77333314 1 20621393 26 59999704 middot-middot - -

0 3 19999981

S02 15 1 35333300 1 14633970 2029999506 029999995 4 29999924


i middotj

bull-li


--




TA98P 1 00000 o 92935 0 28825 -o 01129 048961 0 13388 033461 0 18025 0 13720 -002539 -0 16409 -o 32350 0 10007 00000 00001 02461 09645 00392 05964 0 1747 0 4742 05872 09204 o 0153 0 1904 06928 i

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 1d

TA98M 092935 1 00000 032610 0 15817 046062 033824 0 47603 034902 033729 0 16881 0 01959 -026313 0 12028 rmiddot ii 00001 00000 0 1866 0 5308 00544 0 1698 00458 0 1557 0 1711 0 0031 09385 02914 06345

I18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

1


I02461 0 1866 00000 00010 00001 00126 00006 00165 0 1587 00717 0 1419 03167 03501 18 18 10- 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 - i

I(



00392 00544 00001 0 0048 00000 00571 00022 00494 03512 02678 03858 03432 0 1697 JIbull


0 1747 o 0458 - 0 0006 - 00001 00022 00001 00000 - 0 0001 00017 00002 00085 06294 0 7840 18 18 1B 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 ) 1)

ZNF 0 1370 03379 034666 0 54174 023343 074960 068574 065671 1 00000 0 72305 0 54970 -o 18941 049618 I li0 5872 o 1711 0 1587 00202 03512 00003 00017 00031 00000 00007 00181 04516 00362


~ i bull FEF -0 02539 0 16881 0 43439 0 76834 027588 090022 0 76972 0 80442 0 72305 1 00000 090809 -0 118f4 033937

I 0 9204 0 5031 00717 00002 02678 0 0001 00002 0 0001 00007 00000 00001 06406 0 1683 middotmiddotI

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18



CLF -0 32350 -0 26315 -0 25018 -001103 -023724 -005122 -0 12210 0 00024 -0 18941 -o 11814 0 15372 100000 -027728 1

0 1904 02914 03167 0 9653 03432 08400 06294 09993 0 4516 06406 0 5425 o 0000 02653 -18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 10007 0 12028 -o 23398 -0 19023 -0 33828 0 18641 0 06953 0 09793 0 49618 0 33937 0 14030 -0 27728 100000 0 6928 06345 03501 0 4496 o 1697 04589 o 7840 06991 0 0362 o 1683 0 5787 02653 00000 1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




N03 0 63242 0 56885 0 15694 -000873 0 46691 -0 10536 0 10681 0 06973 006362 -0 26846 -023405 0 06398 -023346 II

I-0 0049 0 0138 0 5340 0 9726 0 0508 0 6773 0 6731 0 7834 0 B020 02814 03499 08009 0 3512 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

11bull ii(


NO 0 55212 0 48690 082799 051547 0 73964 036537 o 5~405 0 17045 0 43112 0 13157 -o 01367 -o 31045 -o 14897 1 0 1232 0 1838 0 0058 0 1555 0 0227 0 3336 0 1217 0 6611 0 2466 0 7358 0 9722 0 4162 0 7021


llt

I 3


I 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

rj 00767 00389 00666 0 1729 00134 03732 00908 03811 02595 09573 08808 0 5762 03102 l

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 3i ~802 0 73863 0 58663 041270 -001688 0 52023 -o 14223 0 14874 -o 06508 -004904 -o 32131 -031231 0 15680 -022241 n0 0017 00215 0 1263 0 9524 00468 06131 0 5968 0 8177 08622 02429 02571 0 5768 04256

16 16 15- ---- - 15 15 15 15 15-- - 15 -- 15 -- --15 --15------ --- -15------ -- middot

middot I



18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1 iIll


bulls_18 18 0 9 15 15 15i -- ----------[


t1

COR -o 02761 -0 00873 0 51547 074490 -0 37138 -001688 04


BO 0 18682 0 46691 0 73964 033341 -062129 0 52023 lti 0 4579 0 0508 0 0227 02246 00134 0046B 1(l

7118 18 0 9 15 15 15 --- - -middot ~



3 2

SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 3

4

bull PBF 0 15363 -0 10536 036537 093532 -0 24779 -0 14223 bull


BRF 0 231B4 0 106B1 0 55405 083513 -045195 0 14874 I

0 3546 0 6731 0 1217 00001 00908 0 596B 18 18 0 9 15 15 15

Imiddot

KF 0 33801 0 0673 0 17045 085814 -024388 -006508 - -- - --- - - middot- 0 1701 0 7834 0 6611 o 0001 03B11 08177

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1I

ZNF 0 36622 006362 0 43112 0 74557 -0 310B0 -004904 1 0 1350 08020 02466 0 0014 02595 08622

2 18 18 0 15 - 15 15 ---------- -1_

FEF 001413 -026846 0 13157 093257 -001512 -032131 2


0956 0 2814 0 735B 00001 0 9573 0242 3

3




NIF 0 23057 -023346 -o 14897 032692 028110 -0 22241 0 3573 03512 0 7021 02343 03102 0 4256

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 SF l 00000 066667 --- ----- middot-00573b - 0 1724~ -041658 052203

00000 00025 08835 0 5389 0 1224 00459 I 18 18 0 9 15 15 151middot I 1 N03 0 66667 1 00000 022436 -009255 -o 58411 079808


I I co

fi


0 8835 0 5617 00000 06093 0 4302 00973 bullmiddot 9 9 0 9 9 9 9

N02 0 17244 -o 09255 0 19817 100000 -009374 -0 16884 0 5389 0 7429 06093 00000 0 7397 0 5475

15 15 0 9 15 15 15 7

7



SF N03 co NO N02 03 S 2

03 -o 41658 -o 58411 -o 30163 -009374 1 00000 -o 56403 0 1224 0 0222 04302 o 7397 00000 00285


S02 0 52203 0 79808 0 58598 -0 16884 -0 56403 1 00000 0 0459 0 0004 0 0973 0 5475 00285 00000

15 15 0 9 15 15 15

i I fbull





--

bullbull






e 6 7430 813 73 0 19 0 0 6 3 4 4 0 1 O l 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 1 3 2 2 2 0 9 bull 1 7430 821 58 035 57 94 59 03 05 18 09 13 132 97 80 32


18



23 16 7433 801 64 0 57 9 1 9 2 56 03 03 2 7 1 5 0 5 12 3 6 B 69 33


26

27 5 4 0 3 0 3 2 5 l 4 0 7 12 1 6 B 3 6 7 0


SI a --~- 823 4lt 020 65 29 35 01 01 11 12 01 33 126 26 06(__137

25 7433 831 51 0 32 7 0 52 58 06 09 48 3 5 17 14 7 66 7B 34 lJ



Ul3B 30



44 31 _ 7440 801 73 069 77 112 107 06 13 41 19 33 48 12 77 24


36 7440 813 52 0 27 6 1 6 1 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 3 0 2 7 4 4 2 3 4 1 2 ~ 37 7440 821 61 050 44 83 107 06 15 40 18 29 55 35 30 17

88 7440- -- - 822 43 0 24 4 b 4 7 2 6 middot 0 1 -0 1 0 7 0 4 0 2 6 6 4 7 8 0 3 2 39 7440 823 39 0 24 4 9 4 4 2 9 0 1 ~- 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 17 1 5 4 6 1 7 M 40 7440 831 56 J42 41 69 106 10 c3 75 48 45 148 52 106 30


_ tor

----------------------------------------------- ---------------

__




1tl1-

1-1) i ~ I





i lili


I middot1middot1

~ i -

------------------------- I bull

Imiddot I

ii middot

II

j I

I iI


APPENDIX V







Annual -004 0001 Annual 009 050





TSP Winter -7 010

Spring -2 042

Summer -3 034

Annual -4 012

so4 Winter -09 016

Spring 005 063

Summer -06 024

Annual -05 011


Spring aa 099

Summer -04 021

Annual -02 042

BAP Winter 5 014

Spring aa 056

Summer aa 100

Annual 004 012


11111i~~li~~IIII 07488

ABSTRACT















a limiting factor






o3









-iii-




vehicles















-

wide








from Los Angeles



-iv-







formation






















-v-






















(Union)










-vi-





-vii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract iii



List of Tables xvii







-viii-





A Summary 11

B Introduction 12



E Conclusions 21





A Introduction 22



-ix-

26

CHAPTER IV

REFERENCES





0 Conclusions 44




A Introduction 46



0 Conclusions 54

56

-x-

62 APPENDICES












-xi-

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


















-xii-

LIST OF FIGURES



County California


3d



















out 59 (c) 19b




-xiii-





March-June) 50a





March-June) 50b










March-June) 50d





March-June) 50e








-xiv-


































-xv-














-xvi-

LIST OF TABLES






Identification 3c












Six

29a



Three

29b



Six

32a



Six

32b

-xvii-






Samples 1982-1984 32d



Samples 1982-1984 32e












Density (+S9) 34b



Density (+S9) 34c

-xviii-





Benzanthrone 36b



Richmond

38a



Martinez

38b



Concord

38c





at Richmond 40a



at Martinez 40b



at Concord 40c

-xix-



at Pittsburg 40d



















-xx-



June 1984

at

48a



1979-June 1984 48b









-xxi-

D-IAPTER I

PROJECT SUMMARY











and investigation



















-1-




~ 0



-la-































-2-









Tables I-1 and 2



















-3-

TABLE 1-1


TSP

so= 4

NO -3

ORG

BAP

BKF

BGP

COR

BZO

PBF

BRF

FEF

SIF

KF

ZNF

SF

CLF

M39BPS9

M398MS9

M398NRM

NR98M3

ORG98PS9

ORG98MS9

03 co NO

N02

so2


Sulfate Mass

Nitrate Mass


Benzo(a)pyrene


Benzo(ghi)perylene

Coronene


Fine fraction Lead


Fine fraction Iron



Fine fraction Zinc







Ozone

Carbon Monoxide

Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Sulfur dioxide


3ngm

3ngm

3ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3

ngm 3

ngm 3


revmicrog

rev microg

pphm

ppm

pphm

pphm

pphm

-3a-

TABLE 1-2




TSP

so -4

N03

ORG

PAH

Mutagens

Trace elements

so2

Pb only














Gravimetric

Turbidimetric

Colorimetric

Benzene extraction

HPLC - fluorescence

Standard Ames test


X-ray fluorescence

II ii


Chemiluminescence

Infrared absorption

Fluorescence

-3b-

TABLE 1-3







Mutagenicity PAH


Agency Performing

Analysis


AIHL AIHL

DHS-LBL

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD



Collect Gas Data

NO X

co



6 pm 6 am

Analytical Method


Ames HPLC






-3c-




FIGURE I-2

-3d-

































-4-

I + PJ I




by GC-MS HPLC

(AIHL)

Analyzed for Pb by


To BAAOMD

i ----


(BAAOMD)

FILTERS


(AIHL)

Ar------ -----

Igt

_J_

frac14dt ~--

I

(Supple t ment)



middot

bull

bullbull

TSP Gravimetrically

(BAAOMD)

~

I


(AIHL)

DATA BANK (AIHL)



each 4 months








of 10 were observed




factor



aerosol mutagens









(21)

-5-











wide








Angeles












-6-


































-7-



3 -











(28)



trends





tion







-8-




responsible










3 -





3

Gas phase HNO3













-9-
























-10-

CHAPTER II




A Summary























-11-

B Introduction






















mutagens










-12-


l Chemicals


























Berkeley California

-13-

















50 litersmin

















-14-













used throughout



















-15-










1 Chemical Mutagens






















-16-

TABLE 11-1



Chemical Plate


Suspension







experiment

-16a-
































-17-

TABLE 11-2







(revnmol)

Composite Berkeley


(revm3)


-17a-


1000

(a)+ S9

UJ E-lt -l 0

800


600E-z lt E-0 UJ gt

400

Ul 0

00

deg 200lt E-

0 ----~P----------------~------ 0 10 20 30 40 50



(f)


deg lt E-

300

200

100

Microsuspension

0

Plate Incorporation

0 _________________ ______

0 10 20 30 40 50


-17b-

00
































-18-

I I- oi Pl I

200 ---------------------------------

-

150 -

100 -


~f~t~fWW

50 lI



TIME OF DAY


M e ()


r IJJ z

6am



























at the site





-19-


E


deg lt f-

EshyuJ z

800 ---------------------------------~

-

600 -

-

400 -

-

200 -


1------1

10am 2pm


6pm

TIME OF DAY

Cl C

E

C

E (J

10pm 2am 6am6am

800 -------------------------------


E

600 -(JJ

Eshyz

-lt EshyC tJJ

400 -gt tJJ c

deg 00

lt -

E-

EshytJJ z

11111111111111111

l


TIME OF DAY

-19a-

6am


1200

1000 E

_ ltJ)


00 c

400ltC 1--

1--UJ z 200

0



TIME OF DAY

1200 --------------------------------


degE _ ltJ)

1-- 800 z ltC 1--c ~ 600 UJ 0

00

~ 400 I-I--UJ z 200

0


TIME OF DAY

200 ---------------------------------


150 (I)

1-shyz ltC 1--0 UJ

100gt UJ 0

00 c ltC 1--

1-shy so UJ z

0


TIMEOF DAY

-19b-
























sampling sites






-20-

TABLE 11-3




+59 -59


1920-705

(113-11482)

710-1915

(11482)

2020-705

(114-11582)

572 723 223 238

304 236 101 86

624 727 238 296




-20a-

bull bull

1200

M 1000

I _


bull middot-

er uJ 600 1 gt uJ

N I er

0 cr I I00

OI bull400

~ -

-uJ z 200

bull bullI

0 0 05 1 15 2

LEAD (microgm3)









E Conclusions










-21-

CHAPTER ill




A Introduction













approach












-22-



















diurnal differences














-23-






3 Chemical Analysis










(2831)















-24-


















Welfare Data System











-25-











Episode I








Episode II









-26-

Episode III








Episode IV









end of the period

Episode V







Episode VI





-27-




Episode Summary



























-28-



D + d 2 + N














Summary Statistics











-29-

TABLE III-1



M398PS9 3revm 24 21 11 3 44

M398MS9 3revm 24 9 5 l 21



M398NRM 3revm 16 4 l 2 7

NR98M3 16 036 014 015 068

BAP 3ngm 24 02 02 01 08

BKF 3ngm 24 01 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 24 09 06 02 26

COR 3ngm 24 06 04 01 15

BZO 3ngm 24 08 07 01 32

ORG microgm3 23 35 2-4 1-5 8-4

TSP 3microgm 23 64 21 24 124

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

23

23

24

79

86

45

40

44

29

32

50

9

182

223

117

PBF 3ngm 24 242 153 52 605

BRFPBF 24 020 008 013 041

ZNF ngm3 24 26 13 9 68

KF 3ngm 24 142 103 50 429

FEF 3ngm 24 128 88 26 357

SIF 3ngm 24 291 235 56 952

CLF ngm3 24 260 426 27 2173

NIF 3ngm 24 7 6 2 27

SF 3ngm 24 1797 1195 516 6473

co ppm 18 11 04 05 17

NO pphm 21 19 12 03 43

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 09 49

03 pphm 23 22 11 01 41

502 pphm 23 04 07 00 34


-29a-

TABLE ID-2



M398PS9 3revm 12 12 6 6 21

M398MS9 3revm 12 7 2 3 10




NR98M3 12 043 016 018 071

BAP 3ngm 12 06 06 01 16

BKF 3ngm 12 03 02 01 07

BGP 3ngm 12 14 11 04 34

COR 3ngm 12 08 05 02 19

BZO 3ngm 12 21 20 03 58

ORG 3ngm 12 75 35 20 107

TSP 3microgm 12 90 22 52 126

NO3 so4 BRF

3microgm

3microgm

3ngm

12

12

11

115

149

69

46

57

48

41

53

16

185

252

172

PBF 3ngm 11 262 162 82 671

BRFPBF 11 025 007 015 040

ZNF 3ngm 11 37 13 12 55

KF 3ngm NA

FEF 3ngm 11 102 39 42 155

SIF 3ngm NA

CLF 3ngm NA

NIF 3ngm 11 25 14 7 51

SF 3ngm NA

co ppm 9 12 05 06 19

NO pphm 9 28 22 07 63

NO2 pphm 9 36 15 10 61

03 pphm 9 16 14 01 40

so2 pphm 9 04 03 0 09

NA = Not analyzed

-29b-
















aerosols
















-30-





=




=



























(gt8) (44)

-31-




























-32-

TABLE ID-3




3M398PS9 revm 24 24 14 6 58

M398M59 revm3 24 10 6 2 27



NR98M3 16 035 022 012 110

BAP ngm3 24 02 01 01 04

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 24 11 07 02 24

COR ngm3 24 07 04 01 16

BZO ngm3 24 08 06 01 20

ORG microgm 3 23 36 27 15 92

TSP microgm 3 23 76 25 34 139

NO microgm 3 23 86 34 32 1583

so= microgm 3 23 84 44 51 2144

BRF microgm 3 24 50 31 8 114

PBF microgm 3 24 266 157 49 638

BRFPBF 24 019 007 010 042

ZNF ngm3 24 31 24 9 123

KF ngm3 24 157 129 38 491

FEF ngm3 24 144 98 28 371

SIF ngm3 24 326 284 24 1220

CLF ngm3 24 174 282 19 1450

NIF ngm3 24 8 8 2 33

SF ngm3 24 1810 1384 442 7640

co ppm 18 13 04 06 21

NO pphm 21 22 15 05 64

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 12 53

pphm 23 29 15 aa 5903

502 pphm 23 04 09 oo 43

-32a-

TABLE ill- 4




M398PS9 revm3 24 17 10 ltl 37

M398MS9 revm3 24 9 5 ltl 18



M398NRM revm3 16 4 2 l 6

NR98M3 16 036 013 018 070

BAP ngm3 24 02 03 01 15

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 05

BGP ngm3 24 08 07 02 28

COR ngm3 24 05 03 01 15

BZO ngm3 24 07 10 01 44

ORG microgm 3 24 33 23 11 88


so= 3

microgm 3 24 86 44 50 2314 3BRF ngm 24 41 30 7 133

PBF ngm3 24 218 168 38 714

BRFPBF 24 021 010 011 041

ZNF ngm3 24 20 11 3 52

KF ngm3 24 127 82 54 377 3FEF ngm 24 112 90 24 353

SIF ngm3 24 256 205 87 787

CLF ngm3 24 346 582 31 2895

NIF ngm3 24 7 7 2 30

SF ngm3 24 1785 1094 590 5305

co ppm 18 10 04 02 17

NO pphm 21 15 13 01 50

NO2 pphm 23 25 12 06 51

03 pphm 23 15 09 01 35

502 pphm 23 03 06 00 25

-32b-

TABLE ill- 5




TA98+S9 100 094 045 054 060

TA98-S9 094 100 049 044 059

BAP 045 049 100 038 092

COR middot054 044 037 100 056

BZO 060 059 092 056 100

PBF 028 025 008 071 019

BRF 040 038 030 074 044

KF 026 022 015 058 008

ZNF 012 012 -001 027 026

FEF 009 013 -007 028 -005

SIF -012 001 -007 013 -009

CLF -027 -022 001 -015 -005

NIF -010 -007 -012 -020 -012

SF 022 023 028 003 036

NO3 049 051 032 015 047

co 054 051 023 071 036

NO 051 045 034 049 044

NO2 032 031 011 061 018

03 -027 -035 -041 -013 -043

SO2 004 005 -002 -027 -002



-32c-




TA98+S9 100 095 051 050 065

TA98-S9 095 100 057 038 059

BAP 053 057 100 051 077

COR 050 038 051 JI 100 076

BZO 067 059 077 076 100

PBF 019 007 028 070 046

BRF 038 030 059 074 071

KF 024 010 039 066 048

ZNF -014 -019 -019 015 -001

FEF -012 -018 004 019 003

SIF -012 -016 014 015 005

CLF -020 -012 -008 -012 -006

NIF -033 -039 -019 -033 -024

SF 023 028 054 020 045

NO -3 056 057 066 045 064

co 053 042 032 065 054

NO 049 049 046 012 045

NO2 024 012 019 051 026

03 -030 -036 -063 -003 -048

SO2 -003 001 023 -033 000



-32d-

TABLE ID- 7




TA98+S9 100 095 056 055 066

TA98-S9 095 100 056 050 063

BAP 056 056 100 046 096

COR 055 050 046 100 054

BZO 066 063 096 054 100

PBF 033 035 006 073 013

BRF 043 043 028 077 037

KF 027 033 014 053 018

ZNF 034 047 010 028 015

FEF 021 032 -009 033 -008

SIF 005 016 -012 009 -015

CLF -031 -028 000 -015 -005

NIF 010 019 -012 -013 -007

SF 022 020 026 -008 035

NO3 049 051 030 000 044

co 055 058 028 072 034

NO 051 042 038 071 047

NO2 040 043 010 070 016

03 -050 -047 -041 -050 -053

so2 001 009 -009 -027 -004



-32e-

Factor Analysis











-4





data
















-33-

TABLE ill-8


Factor I Factor 2

PBF (095) NIF (088)

BRF (093) SIF (063)

KF (090) FEF (061)

FEF (0 71) ZNF (042)

SIF (053)

ZNF (048)




Factor 3

SF (084)

N0 - (083)3

ZNF (025)

Factor 4

CLF (096)

ZNF (030)

12

Secondary Aerosols

factors

10

Sea Salt

Sum 81


-33a-

TABLE ill- 9




Interpretation

KF (092)

PBF (090)

FEF (083)

BRF (081)

SIF (080)

NO (028)3

40


Nitrate found

CLF (094) NIF (087)

ZNF (090) SIF (038)

No - (036) FEF (037)3

18 17


and (some) Soil

in three factors

SF (096)

BRF (038)

NO - (031)3

10 Sum 85

Secondary so=

4Aerosols


-33b-

TABLE ill- 10



BRF (095) NIF (081)

PBF (093) SIF (080)

KF (089) FEF (066)

ZNF (0 72) ZNF (034)

FEF (067) KF (027)

SIF (040)



Soil


SF (087)

NO - (087)3

NIF (034)

ZNF (028)

CLF (099)

11

Secondary Aerosols

9

Sea Salt

Sum 86


-33c-








during the day NO3




-








i Mutagenic Density











-34-

TABLE ID-11



PBF (094) NIF (084) NO - (082)3

CLF (094) SF (090)

BRF (093) FEF (060) ZNF (052) ZNF (030) NO - (035)3

KF (090) SIF (060) SF (026) NIF (027)

FEF (0 72) ZNF (050)

SIF (056)

ZNF (037)




Refining and Soil

(NOtdeg-) and me

Salt (SO -)4


-34a-

TABLE m-12



PBF (095) CLF (095) NO - (087)3

NIF (086) SF (096)

KF (092) ZNF (091) BRF (031) SIF (053) BRF (030)

BRF (084) NO - (026)3

FEF (052

FEF (075)

SIF (0 71)




Sea Salt and Zinc

Secondary (NO -)

3

Oil Refining

and

Secondary(so =)

4

Soil


-34b-

TABLE ID- 13



BRF (094) NO - (088)3

PBF (092) SF (085)

KF (089) NIF (032)

ZNF (073) ZNF (028)

FEF (071)

SIF (047)

NIF (081)

SIF (072)

FEF (060)

ZNF (031)

KF (025)

CLF (091)




Soil


Sea Salt


-34c-













-




-















-35-




as well






present study








not clear

ii Coronene










-36-

TABLE ID- 14



BRF (091) NIF (081) SF (084) CLF (097)

PBF (090) FEF (0 78) NO - (083)3

ZNF (030)

KF (082) SIF (0 77) ZNF (026)

ZNF (041) ZNF (046)

SIF (035) KF (037)

PBF (032)

Coronene (089) (-024) (005) (-012)




-36a-

TABLE ill-15



PBF (095) NO - (082)3

NIF (086) CLF (096)

BRF (091) SF (080) SIF (052) ZNF (032)

KF (090) BRF (027) FEF (051)

FEF (079) ZNF (042)

SIF (062)

ZNF (049)

Benzan throne (028) (069) (-041) (-010)



Soil


-36b-













iii Benzanthrone




















-37-

iv Summary




soil (FEF SIF)


surface soil








Summary Statistics










-38-

TABLE ill-16


1982-1984


M398PS9 revm3 18 17 u 4 34

M398MS9 revm3 18 7 5 3 16



M398NRM revm3 12 4 1 3 5

NR98M3 12 045 017 033 069

BAP ngm3 18 02 02 01 05

BKF ngm3 18 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 18 10 06 04 18

COR ngm3 18 07 03 03 10

BZO ngm3 18 08 07 02 21

ORG microgm 3 17 35 25 16 73

TSP microgm3 17 57 19 24 70

NO microgm 3 17 78 35 40 118 so=

3 microgm 3 17 108 66 57 222

BRF 4

ngm3 18 42 24 9 66

PBF ngm3 18 209 125 52 407

BRFPBF 18 021 009 013 037

ZNF ngm3 18 28 23 9 68

KF ngm3 18 125 75 50 247

FEF ngm3 18 88 66 26 188

SIF ngm3 18 155 121 56 393

CLF ngm3 18 497 825 44 2172

NIF ngm3 18 7 5 2 15

SF ngm3 18 2506 2032 1074 6473

co ppm 18 12 02 09 14

NO pphm 18 15 10 03 30


-38a-

TABLE ill-17


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 14 8 3 25

M398MS9 3revm 18 7 4 1 12



M398NRM 3revm 12 3 1 2 4

NR98M3 12 032 010 Ol8 043

BAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 02

BKF 3ngm 18 01 0 01 01

BGP 3ngm 18 06 03 02 10

COR 3ngm 18 03 02 01 07

BZO 3ngm 18 05 03 02 09

ORG microgm 3 18 33 25 16 70

TSP 3microgm 18 77 29 35 124

No -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

18

18

18

79

107

45

51

52

28

32

68

12

178

204

101

PBF 3ngm 18 229 193 85 599

BRFPBF 18 023 011 016 041

ZNF 3ngm 18 24 8 16 40

KF ngm3 18 143 123 64 386

FEF 3ngm 18 177 121 38 357

SIF ngm3 18 463 354 120 952

CLF 3ngm 18 235 133 61 449

NIF 3ngm 18 15 7 6 27

SF 3ngm 18 1883 741 846 2915

co ppm

NO pphm 9 31 11 24 43

NO2 pphm 15 26 14 15 49

03 pphm 15 18 11 01 27

so2 pphm 15 14 11 05 34

-38b-

TABLE m-18


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 29 13 10 44

M398MS9 3revm 18 13 6 4 21



M398NRM 3revm 12 5 2 3 7

NR98M3 12 034 018 015 058

BAP 3ngm 18 03 03 01 08

BKF 3ngm 18 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 18 14 09 05 26

COR 3ngm 18 09 04 05 15

BZO 3ngm 18 11 11 02 32

ORG 3microgm 17 39 28 15 84

TSP 3microgm 18 54 12 38 74

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

73

61

53

28

14

31

47

50

25

126

89

108

PBF 3ngm 18 287 132 202 542

BRFPBF 18 018 008 013 034

ZNF 3ngm 18 20 9 9 31

KF 3ngm 18 137 102 76 339

FEF 3ngm 18 95 41 58 169

SIF 3ngm 18 209 95 134 387

CLF 3ngm 18 120 135 27 380

NIF 3ngm 18 3 2 2 6

SF 3ngm 18 1364 721 641 2614

co ppm 18 12 04 05 17

NO pphm 18 23 13 03 42

NO 2 pphm 18 31 09 20 45

03 pphm 18 19 09 03 28

so2 pphm 18 00 01 00 01

-38c-

TABLE ill- 19


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 23 9 ll 32

M398MS9 3revm 18 10 5 4 17



M398NRM 3revm 12 4 2 2 5

NR98M3 12 031 01 OlB 039

SAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 03

SKF 3ngm 18 01 aa 01 02

BGP 3ngm 18 08 05 03 17

COR 3ngm 18 06 04 02 12

BZO 3ngm 18 07 06 01 14

ORG microgm3 18 33 25 15 68

TSP 3microgm 18 67 18 52 101

NO3

so=4

BRF

3microgm 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

84

70

42

50

13

37

45

54

22

182

86

117

PSF 3ngm 18 244 182 109 605

SRFPBF 18 017 006 013 027

ZNF 3ngm 18 30 7 20 37

KF 3ngm 18 162 132 86 429

FEF 3ngm 18 153 88 48 256

SIF 3ngm 18 337 197 150 610

CLF 3ngm 18 188 141 59 393

NIF 3ngm 18 5 2 3 9

SF 3ngm 18 1437 613 516 2145

co ppm 18 09 04 06 17

NO pphm 18 13 10 04 28

NO2 pphm 18 22 10 09 37

03 pphm 18 25 13 01 41

SO2 pphm 18 01 01 00 02

-38d-



periods of sampling



















sites

-39-

2





stations











sources of COR













-40-

TABLE ill- 20


AT RICHMOND


TA98+59 100 093 069 o75 087

TA98-S9 093 100 072 056 083

BAP 065 072 100 026 091

COR o75 056 026 100 055

BZO 087 083 091 055 100

PBF 057 036 002 081 030

BRF 080 072 042 080 063

KF 052 031 009 064 015

ZNF 031 020 -003 056 030

FEF 038 018 -009 064 017

SIF 053 027 007 071 030

CLF -029 -024 -011 -018 -023

NIF 029 016 -004 021 012

SF 071 084 072 023 073

NO3 070 069 058 037 069

co 066 050 023 087 044

NO 083 078 067 076 077

NO2 059 040 016 067 036

03 -038 -046 -067 000 -054

502 075 067 0 73 053 078



-40a-

TABLE ID-21


AT MARTINEZ


TA98+S9 100 093 029 -001 049

TA98-S9 093 100 033 016 046

BAP 029 033 100 071 083

COR -001 016 071 100 063

BZO 049 046 083 063 100

PBF 013 033 057 084 046

BRF 033 048 073 085 067

KF 018 035 056 079 047

ZNF 014 034 035 054 023

FEF -003 017 043 077 028

SIF -016 002 036 073 022

CLF -032 -026 -025 -001 -024

NIF 010 012 -023 -019 -034

SF 051 051 004 -003 019

NO~- 063 057 016 -001 047

co NO 055 049 083 052 074

N02 029 051 042 074 033

03 -047 -054 -049 -037 -062

so2

074 059 041 -002 052



tco not measured

-40b-

TABLE ID-22


AT CONCORD


TA98+59 100 096 034 031 046

TA98-S9 096 100 042 017 049

BAP 034 042 100 018 095

COR 0o3l 017 018 100 035

BZO 046 049 095 035 100

PBF -014 -026 -027 070 -015

BRF 009 -005 016 o79 028

KF 005 -009 013 074 020

ZNF -013 -017 -003 -004 005

FEF ooo -011 -036 060 -030

SIF -007 -017 -012 062 -011

CLF -002 001 055 -006 052

NIF -002 -014 019 o77 023

SF -001 -007 041 002 0o46

NO -3

057 055 071 037 082

co 056 053 004 050 015

NO 033 026 021 075 036

NO2 004 004 -026 050 -024

03 -009 -011 -040 -011 -039

502 038 040 040 -008 031



-40c-

TABLE m-23


AT PITTSBURG


TA98+59 100 092 068 063 071

TA98-S9 092 100 075 057 071

BAP 068 075 100 083 085

COR 063 057 083 100 085

BZO 071 071 085 085 100

PBF 046 041 064 082 055

BRF 056 055 073 087 069

KF 049 040 050 076 056

ZNF 020 031 041 038 035

FEF 036 041 041 049 017

SIF 017 018 001 013 -021

CLF -031 -016 -007 -021 -006

NIF 073 064 049 057 056

SF 029 032 025 018 031

NO3 056 061 028 020 053

co 0 71 o 71 072 078 066

NO 059 051 055 056 042

NO2 025 023 059 074 049

03 -033 -050 -039 -012 -046

502 -025 -026 -032 -026 -051



-40lt3-











receptor area






be made

Summary Statistics








in Episode IV

-41-

TABLE ill-24



M398PS9 revm3 4 7 4 3 11




M398NRM revm3

NR98M3

BAP ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BKF ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BGP ngm3 4 04 01 02 05

COR ngm3 4 04 02 02 05

BZO ngm3 4 03 01 02 04

ORG microgm3 4 58 07 48 64

TSP microgm 3 4 37 11 24 52


PBF ngm3 4 148 58 85 202

BRFPBF 4 014 001 013 016

ZNF ngm3 4 24 12 9 37

KF ngm3 4 71 17 50 86

FEF ngm3 4 66 21 39 91

SIF ngm3 4 154 56 91 227

CLF ngm3 4 179 49 132 245

NIF ngm 3 4 6 8 2 18

SF ngm3 4 1671 316 1228 1955

co ppm 3 06 02 05 09

NO pphm 3 05 01 03 06

pphm 4 19 07 10 26NO2 03 pphm 4 25 02 22 27

pphm 4 02 02 00 05SOz

-41a-

TABLE ill- 25



M398PS9 3revm 4 24 7 16 32

M398MS9 3revm 4 10 2 8 13



M398NRM 3revm 4 4 l 3 5

NR98M3 4 043 010 036 058

SAP 3ngm 4 02 01 02 03

SKF ngm3 4 01 oo 01 01

SGP 3ngm 4 15 06 09 22

COR ngm3 4 11 03 07 15

SZO 3ngm 4 11 03 08 14

ORG microgm 3 4 74 07 68 84

TSP 3microgm 4 92 26 69 124

NO3 3microgm 4 85 14 75 106

so=4

SRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

67

95

11

27

58

56

79

117

PSF 3ngm 4 538 92 407 605

SRFPSF 4 017 003 013 020

ZNF ngm3 4 34 11 18 44

KF 3ngm 4 350 78 247 429

FEF ngm3 4 243 85 169 357

SIF 3ngm 4 512 221 387 843

CLF 3ngm 4 101 96 44 244

NIF 3ngm 4 12 5 6 17

SF ngm3 4 2025 713 1225 2773

co ppm 3 15 01 14 17

NO pphm 3 28 14 14 42

NO2 pphm 4 43 06 37 49

03 pphm 4 24 09 15 35

so2 pphm 4 03 04 00 09

-41b-

TABLE ID-26



M398PS9 revm3 4 13 6 7 19

M398MS9 3revm 4 6 2 4 9



M398NRM 3revm

NR98M3

BAP 3ngm 4 01 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 01

BGP 3ngm 4 07 02 05 09

COR 3ngm 4 06 01 05 07

BZO 3ngm 4 03 02 01 05

ORG microgm 3 4 17 02 15 20

TSP microgm 3 4 68 18 47 91

NO3 microgm 3 4 67 10 57 80

so -4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

71

43

14

9

53

32

83

53

PBF ngm3 4 254 16 236 274

BRFPBF 4 017 005 014 024

ZNF ngm3 4 31 26 9 68

KF 3ngm 4 132 41 76 171

FEF ngm3 4 192 81 101 277

SIF 3ngm 4 486 369 147 952

CLF ngm3 4 698 998 62 2173

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1040 254 746 1360

co ppm 3 10 04 06 13

NO pphm 3 11 06 04 14

NO2 pphm 3 28 02 25 30

03 pphm 3 32 07 28 41

SO2 pphm 3 01 01 00 02

-4ic-

TABLE ill- 27



M398PS9 revm 4 25 15 9 44

M398MS9 revm 4 12 7 4 21



M398NRM revm 4 2 1 2 3

NR98M3 4 030 026 015 069

BAP ngm 4 01 01 01 02

BKF ngm 4 01 00 01 01

BGP ngm 4 05 04 03 11

COR ngm 4 03 03 01 07

BZO ngm 4 03 03 01 07

ORG microgm3 3 16 01 15 17

TSP microgm 3 3 62 13 54 77

NO3- microgm3 3 57 01 57 58

so=4

microgm3 3 63 18 50 84

BRF ngm 4 23 11 9 32

PBF ngm 4 146 67 52 207

BRFPBF 4 016 002 014 018

ZNF ngm 4 18 9 9 28

KF ngm 4 94 29 55 124

FEF ngm 4 124 76 26 188

SIF ngm 4 292 203 56 487

CLF ngm 4 93 90 27 227

NIF ngm 4 10 12 2 27

SF ngm 4 1414 561 641 1902

co ppm 3 11 02 09 13

NO pphm 4 18 10 03 25

NO2 pphm 4 20 12 09 33

03 pphm 4 23 05 16 28

so2 pphm 4 04 06 oo 12

-41d-

TABLE ffi- 28




M398MS9 3revm 4 9 4 6 15




NR98M3 4 036 006 029 043

BAP 3ngm 4 02 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 02

BGP 3ngm 4 10 04 05 15

COR ngm3 4 06 03 03 09

BZO 3ngm 4 08 02 05 10

ORG microgm3 4 18 02 16 19


NO3 so -

4 BRF

3microgm

microgm 3

3ngm

4

4

4

65

92

41

14

32

11

47

54

28

77

130

52

PBF ngm3 4 218 79 137 310

BRFPBF 4 021 008 015 033

ZNF ngm3 4 23 5 16 27

KF ngm3 4 91 23 64 120

FEF ngm3 4 97 25 73 120

SIF 3ngm 4 162 46 112 202

CLF ngm 3 4 171 153 43 393

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1097 536 516 1753

co ppm 3 13 05 07 17

NO pphm 4 22 08 11 30

NO2 pphm 4 26 06 22 35

03 pphm 4 26 01 24 27

so2 pphm 4 03 06 aa 11

-41e-

TABLE ill-29



M398PS9 revm3 4 33 8 25 43

M398MS9 3revm 4 16 3 12 19



M398NRM 3revm 4 5 l 4 7

NR98M3 4 033 001 032 035

BAP 3ngm 4 04 03 02 08

BKF ngm3 4 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 4 15 09 06 26

COR 3ngm 4 07 03 03 11

BZO 3ngm 4 18 11 09 32

ORG microgm 3 4 22 09 16 35


NO3 3microgm 4 150 34 118 18l

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

150

52

73

18

85

31

222

67

PBF ngm3 4 150 49 108 202

BRFPBF 4 035 006 028 041

ZNF ngm3 4 23 6 17 31

KF 3ngm 4 114 22 94 145

FEF ngm3 4 47 8 38 58

SIF 3ngm 4 139 17 120 154

CLF ngm3 4 319 45 282 380

NIF 3ngm 4 5 l 3 6

SF ngm3 4 3537 1983 2145 6473

co ppm 3 12 02 10 13

NO pphm 4 27 15 07 43

NO2 pphm 4 19 03 15 23

03 pphm 4 02 01 01 04

so2 pphm 4 10 16 oo 34

-41pound-













prevailed













proportion




VI)

-42-

--- --- -------





should be limited
























-43-

TABLE III-30


0600 August 23-1800 August 24 1982


TA98+S9 100 090 000 052 033

TA98-S9 090 100 000 066 033

BAP 000 000 000 -aa 000

COR 052 066 000 100 059

BZO 032 033 000 059 100

PBF 097 088 000 056 040

BRF 087 082 000 059 068

KF 029 026 000 -041 -017

ZNF 083 061 000 018 004

FEF 032 003 000 -026 006

SIF 020 -003 000 -037 -010

CLF -032 -043 000 -049 003

NIF -026 -046 000 -049 -029

SF 029 006 000 -053 -038

NO -3 085 085 000 055 017

co 028 017 000 044 001

NO 037 017 OD 055 023

NO2 089 075 000 000 014

03 048 038 000 019 -013

so2 -014 -044 000 -056 -045




-43a-




TA98+S9 100 o71-H- 059 080 084

TA98-S9 071 100 078 053 068

BAP 059 078 100 071 082

COR 080 053 071 100 091

BZO 084 068 082 091 100

PBF 064 085 077 066 o73

BRF 067 084 084 073 080

KF 059 058 062 057 069

ZNF 050 070 037 031 040

FEF 039 075 057 027 043

SIF 013 032 028 015 023

CLF -032 005 -016 -039 -035

NIF -019 016 -024 -046 -040

SF -036 -007 -038 -061 -051

NO -3 050 025 010 020 026

co 082 086 081 080 092

NO 052 046 056 083 070

NO2 039 068 066 053 052

03 -007 -053 -056 -032 -033

so2 -022 -007 -005 -024 -013



-43b-

TABLE ID-32


1800 May 17-0600 May 19 1983


TA98+S9 100 098 -037 046 -024

TA98-S9 098 100 -033 049 -017

BAP -037 -033 100 021 072

COR 046 049 021 100 056

BZO -024 -017 072 056 100

PBF 044 047 028 081 067

BRF 006 004 028 066 058

KF -038 -032 041 004 047

ZNF -003 002 016 041 055

FEF -001 007 062 009 057

SIF -022 -018 070 -017 045

CLF -066 -073 -017 -033 -017

NIF -041 -030 049 010 079

SF -040 -033 070 003 068

NO -3 015 026 040 049 061

co -003 -006 000 070 063

NO 003 006 000 083 070

NO2 040 045 000 073 078

03 019 025 000 -018 -011

so2 034 038 000 020 043



-43c-

TABLE ill-33



TA98+59 10 097 061 068 070

TA98-S9 097 100 062 065 074

BAP 061 062 100 086 089

COR 068 065 086 100 080

BZO 070 074 089 BO 100

PBF 068 070 063 041 063

BRF 051 056 048 026 0-52

KF 040 048 006 001 006

ZNF 028 029 -021 -031 -024

FEF 037 041 -006 -019 -002

SIF 025 029 -019 -033 -017

CLF -031 -025 021 -015 -009

NIF -012 -009 -039 -053 -010

SF -054 -048 -056 -0 70 -049

NO -3 033 038 -015 003 014

co 052 054 035 058 045

NO 047 039 000 006 009

NO2 057 060 058 047 082

03 010 013 -045 -030 -035

502 002 006 -029 -042 -002



-43d-

TABLE ill- 34



TA98+S9 100 096-H- 062 079-H- 083-H-

TA98-S9 096-H- 100 051 064 070

BAP 062 051 100 061 062

COR 079 064 061 100 094

BZO 083-H- 070 062 094-ll- 100

PBF 050 041 030 062 066

BRF 027 018 025 OSi 056

KF 013 003 016 050 048

ZNF 061 055 021 065 081

FEF -002 -004 006 003 024

SIF -004 -002 009 -002 022

CLF -050 -039 -031 -045 -047

NIF -025 -029 013 -014 004

SF 014 003 009 053 040

NO -3 029 030 -007 005 014

co 081 070 051 083 071

NO 061 054 024 057 065

NO2 o79-H- 081 068 045 054

03 004 006 -040 011 012

so2 -051 -049 -023 -053 -043



-43e-

TABLE ill- 35




TA98+S9 100 091 031 085 048

TA98-S9 091-lE- 100 039 081-lE- 050

BAP 031 039 100 D54 096

COR 085-lE- 081 054 100 067

BZO 048 050 096 067 100

PBF 053 040 018 060 025

BRF 036 024 031 046 033

KF 010 -003 022 015 020

ZNF -031 -026 -023 -026 -030

FEF 027 013 -010 026 001

SIF -003 -005 004 003 -001

CLF -034 -048 027 -017 018

NIF -006 -010 -027 -041 -024

SF 004 -000 -006 005 -004

NO -3 -014 -007 -040 -056 -040

co 044 051 021 060 024

NO 003 -001 027 008 020

NO2 040 029 052 050 057

03 053 051 -013 045 001

so2 -032 038 -029 -058 -041



-43pound-

D Conclusions






-









by HNO3







with NO3










-44-










-45-

CHAPTER IV




A Introduction





















I-2)




-46-










Costa County (618)


















-47-







decribed (18)


















= at



fossil fuels is so2




=

Seasonal Variations



-48-

I

TABLE IV-1



Station


TA98P 3revm 15 11 (7) 11 (7) 10 (7)

TA98M 3revm 15 6 (3) 6 (3) 6 (4)

TA98NRP 3revm 15 5 (3) 6 (3) 5 (3)

TA98NRM 3revm 15 3 (2) 2 (1) 2 (1)

TA98NRMTA98M 15 042 (022) 040 (030) 043 (034)

SAP 3ngm 15 03 (03) 06 (08) 02 (02)

SKF 3 ng 1m 15 02 (02) 03 (03) 02 (02)

SGP 3ngm 15 15 (13) 21 (21) 11 (10)

COR 3

ngm 15 10 (09) 12 (12) 07 (06)

BZO 3ngm 15 05 (06) 11 (15) 06 (08)

ORG 3microgm 15 37 (15) 51 (39) 34 (16)

MASS (TSP) 3microgm 15 57 (9) 51 (15) 64 (13)


NO -3

3microgm 14 48 (24) 60 (25) 66 (29)

so -4

3microgm 14 74 (17) 52 (13) 66 (15)



-48a-

TABLE IV-2



Station


Mean SD March-June

Mean so July-Oct

Mean SD

- I

TA98P

TA98M

TA98NRP

TA98NRM

TA98NRMTA98M

BAP

SKF

BGP

COR

BZO

ORG

MASS (TSP)

LEAD (Hi Vol)

N03

so=4

3revm

3revm

3revm

3revm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3microgm

3microgm

microgm 3

microgm3

3microgm

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

14

7

8

3

053

09

05

35

18

19

69

64

042

86

68

(8)

(4)

(2)

(1)

(033)

(06)

(02)

(15)

(10)

(11)

(25)

(13)

(015)

(22)

(22)

8

5

3

2

039

01

01

06

05

01

24

50

019

36

57

(6)

(3)

(2)

(1)

(027)

(002)

(004)

(03)

(03)

(01)

(09)

(10)

(004)

(08)

(11)

11

5

5

2

033

01

01

07

05)

02

28

58

022

50

68

(5)

(2)

(2)

(1)

(014)

(003)

(003)

(02)

(03)

(01)

(10)

(13)

(10)

(12)

(13)



-48b-


4 -














studies

















-49-






Trends








=















-50-


CI)

~

LI I ()

0 Pl J I

D lt w _J

1 0

09

08

01

o 6

o 5

o 4

o 3

02

o 1

o 0

lt I I-


COMPOSITE PERIOD



12 0

Figure IV-2

10 0

cw 8 0

~

L) I )

Ul 0 tr I w 6 0

I-lta I-1--4

z 4 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


oven

1-f

lt I

N

Q) --0 rO

-shy rO gt rO

+J 0 z


90 __


80

70

60 CI)

~

~ ~ so w~~~~~~~ W~4w I~ U1 40 ()

lt ~

30

20

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

ro micro 0 z


120r-------------------------


1--lt


Cl) 8 0 E

- I J ltu-- I

0 p


QJ --0 ro --



COMPOSITE PERIOD


120-------------------------

10 0

Cl)

~ 80

L)

I l5 0

middot~(1)

601 ~ I


~ ~ I fU1 u z lt L) Ck 4 0 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


5 0





CL 3 0 lt

I CDu- _0 Hi w lt

II 2 5 0)z w 0 gt- 2 0 CL lt -J 1 50

z w CD

N

ldegr o 5 -



COMPOSITE PERIOD

~

L) z

I l5l 0

LO I w z

w z a a u


50 I



35

3 0 I--lt

lt I

---J2 5

2 0

15

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

05


50 _______________________


4 5




3 0 I D u 0) lt 1 0

~ I CXlw 25

z D n J 2 0 1-z lt 1 5 N z w 0)

1 0

o 5



COMPOSITE PERIOD



m E -


were

gt w 10 0 ~

I lJ1 0 I-middot I

-_ 0) U)

I--lt

lt I

lD

I CD 01 lt I- lt I-

50

J ~


r lt r lt pound

JUL L r pound

NOV lt L r -lt




NOV MAR L lt r lt

JUL lt lt

NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD


300-------------------------

25 0


m ~



gt w 200 0

I 1--1 Ul 0 u

I

r- 0) () 15 0

lt I

0

+ CD 0) lt I- lt 10 0 I-J E

5 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


250 cq

gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=5 a=-79199920 s=2885 1608I gt-


f--w A D MUTAC-S9)


A A A e_11=2 7078 r=0 7944

~ 50

00a--bull----------------------------------1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=S a=-7781 7600 a=1492 4784middot I-lt


l

I (J) 150z

LlJ D MUTAC-S9)


LlJ n=5 lt ~ a=-38422800 e=981 2984

b=l9410 e11=0 4951I-) e_=1 5657 r-=09147E

-

5 0


1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




(lJ

gt e MUTA(+S9)


n=5 1---ia=-39846460 e=1541 0467I gt-




bull

bull bull



00-------------------------------------

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

bullbull


1 0


~



MAR-JUN

I V1 0

~

00 0) lt f--~ z 00 0) ltf-

o 9

o 8

07

o 6 r-

o 5

o 4

o 3

o 2

o 1

o 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

lt I

--- ~

TABLE IV-3





Pittsburg 36 (22) 52 (35) 101 (49) 114 (34) 195 (93)

Richmond 66 (50) 114 (84) 69 (41) 136 (20) 187 (82)

Concord 45 (31) 81 (60) 97 (64) 145 (34) 188 (140)

3-Station Average 49 (34) 82 (61) 89 (48) 131 (29) 190 (65)


TABLE IV-4










-Sop-

TABLE IV-5



TA98 + 59 Versus


bull Pittsburg

bull Richmond

092

069

38

26

36

7

0009

008

bull Concord 098 35 134 0001






093 33 41 0008

-50q-






= 3























-51-































-52-


































-53-













D Conclusions




Pb NO3




measured








mutageni city

-54-





conditions









-55-

REFERENCES



351-359








Res 76143-164






Office








12233-232

-56-





Res 31 347-364






755






1984











-57-



























-58-



172565-2573



027a














Sci (USA) 72979-983







Res 114217-267

-59-










Mut 4531-541








Environ (in press)



Environ 18205-213







-60-



Toxicol 32 688-692





-61-

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

APPENDIX IV

APPENDIX V



(1982-1984)






Nov 1979-0ct 1984



-62-

APPENDIX I



DATE 82382


0300 285

0400 285

0500 285

0600 270

0700 270

0800 285

0900 285

1000 285

1100 285

1200 285

1300 300

1400 270

1500 270

1600 270

1700 270

1800 270

1900 255

2000 255

2100 285

2200 285

2300 270

2400 255

12

11

10

8

7

10

12

14

12

12

12

12

12

12

10

9

8

7

6

8

9

9

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400


82482

DRCTN SPEED(m[h)

255 9

240 7

240 8

240 8

240 7

240 8

240 7

255 7

270 11

270 13

270 14

285 13

285 13

285 12

270 11

255 10

255 9

270 10

270 9

240 7

210 3

270 6

240 2

60 1


DATE 101282 101382 101482


0100 195 2 0100 225 2

0200 195 2 0200 225 2

0300 240 3 0300 270 4

0400 255 3 0400 270 4

0500 240 3 0500 285 4

0600 VRBL 1 0600 285 6

0700 VRBL 1 0700 285 8

0800 VRBL 1 0800 285 9

0900 VRBL 1 0900 285 10

1000 60 5 1000 285 10

1100 45 6 1100 285 10

1200 30 4 1200 285 10

1300 30 6 1300 285 9

1400 30 8

1500 30 10 1500 45 5

1600 45 8 1600 45 3

1700 45 6 1700 345 2

1800 60 2 1800 255 1

1900 VRBL 1 1900 225 3

2000 210 1 2000 270 3

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 285 3

2300 210 1 2300 255 3

2400 VRBL 1 2400 240 1


DATE 51783 51883 51983


0100 255 4 0100 VRBL 1

0200 255 4 02JO 210 1

0300 255 3 0300 150 1

0400 240 2 0400 195 2

0500 195 1 0500 VRBL 1

0600 VRBL 1 0600 210 2

0700 240 2 0700 VRBl 1

0800 240 3 0800 VRBL 1

0900 270 5 0900 VRBL 1

1000 300 5 1000 VRBL 2

1100 300 4 1100 030 8

1200 315 5 1200 030 9

1300 300 3 1300 030 10

1400 300 5 1400 030 10

1500 300 5 1500 030 8

1600 360 5 1600 300 6 1600 030 6

1700 300 7 1700 300 6 1700 030 6

1800 285 8 1800 285 4 1800 330 2

1900 285 7 1900 285 5 1900 300 5

2000 270 3 2000 285 6 2000 285 6

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6 2100 285 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 5 2200 225 3

2300 VRBL 1 2300 270 3 2300 210 1

2400 255 4 2400 VRBL 1 2400 VRBL 1


DATE 91283 91383 91483


0100 240 2 0100 270 5

0200 VRBL 1 0200 270 6

0300 VRBL ltl 0300 270 6

0400 255 1 0400 270 5

0500 270 2 0500 270 7

0600 VRBL 1 0600 270 7

0700 VRBL ltl 0700 270 7

0800 300 3 0800 270 7

0900 285 7

1000 285 8

1100 300 9

1200 300 9

1300 300 10

1400 300 10

1500 285 10

1600 285 9

1700 360 4 1700 270 9

1800 360 4 1800 270 9

1900 300 3 1900 8285

2000 VRBL 1 2000 270 8

2100 300 2 2100 270 8

2200 300 4 2200 285 4

2300 285 4 2300 270 3

2400 300 2 2400 270 7


DATE 10483 10583 10683


0100 VRBL 1 0100 255 7

0200 225 2 0200 240 8

0300 150 2 0300 240 5

0400 195 2 0400 255 5

0500 255 1 0500 255 6

0600 240 2 0600 210 2

0700 210 1 0700 255 5

0800 240 3 0800 270 7

0900 300 4 0900 240 5

1000 300 5 1000 315 5

1100 270 9 1100 315 4

1200 270 9 1200 315 3

1300 240 10 1300 345 4

1400 240 8 1400 360 3

1500 240 7 1500 360 4

1600 225 8 1600 345 3

1700 285 5 1700 225 9

1800 270 2 1800 240 5

1900 270 5 1900 225 8

2000 270 6 2000 255 8

2100 270 3 2100 255 4

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 7

2300 MISSING 2300 270 7

2400 MISSING 2400 255 7


DATE 1484 1584 1684


0100 060 6 0100 045 7

0200 060 7 0200 045 8

0300 060 5 0300 045 8

0400 060 6 0400 045 8

0500 045 6 0500 045 8

0600 045 6 0700 060 7

0700 045 middot 6 0800 045 6

0800 045 6

0900 045 5

1000 045 6

1100 060 6

1200 045 7

1300 045 6

1400 060 7

1500 030 6

1600 015 5

1700 015 4 1700 030 6

1800 015 4 1800 030 5

1900 015 4 1900 030 6

2000 030 4 2000 030 5

2100 030 5 2100 045 6

2200 030 5 2200 045 7

2300 030 6 2300 045 5

2400 030 6 2400 045 6














Oct 1982 T 12 96 27 15 76 84 86 265 288 265 LVI 12 18 9 W 13 10 9 23 17 76 87 88 265 270 275 LVI

Th 14 151 23 1 7 62 74 75 202 222 215 WI NWI 12 15 9

May 1983 T 17 78 32 31 82 88 86 460 516 500 NI W2 15 13 6 W 18 12 1 29 34 76 87 90 433 492 485 SEI NWI 14 15 8

TH 19 66 30 34 88 92 90 469 528 490 LVI NES 10 8 2


Oct 1983 w 5 83 49 30 74 78 86 282 351 306 SI W3 10 15 15

TH 6 94 28 22 78 80 82 274 336 227 NW2 Wl 6 13 13

Jan 1984 w 4 79 81 1 0 58 54 62 141 144 125 EI NE2 8 11 9

TH 5 82 67 1 4 54 51 57 142 72 110 NEI SE2 14 15 10 F 6 80 76 1 0 54 49 56 160 81 85 EI NW2 19 20 14




TA98P 72 1984166665 12 01082550 1428 5999988 0 60000000 58 39999998

TA9BM 72 9 14166666 5 67484565 658 1999995 o 40000000 26 79999995 -~--~bull~----- ---------- -~- --------

13AP 72 020000000 0 24321786 14 4000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

COR 72 0 58055556 0 39B81475 418000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

130 72 0 75000000 0 85B26553 540000000 o 10000000 5 10000000 1middot

PI3F 72 239 69152778 177 68068817 17257 7900000 17 00000000 950 00000000 I

13RF 72 44 50416667 34 50425341 3204 3000000 600000000 18400000000


ZNF 72 24 71250000 1920486248 17793000000 300000000 123 00000000 I FEF 72 12533472222 101 30239095 9024 1000000 1200000000 45000000000


CLF 72 288 53888889 527 75181308 207748000000 12 00000000 305000000000

NIF 72 7 79722222 883981027 561 4000000 200000000 4800000000

SF 72 1794 80000000 1319 22627505 1292256000000 442 00000000 7640 00000000 -- -----

N03 71 7 59577465 4 67578676 5392999998 3 00000000 24 50000000

co 54 1 09999985 0 46702578 59 3999917 0 19999999 2 79999924

NO 63 1 79047593 1 46702605 112 7999833 0 6 39999962 1 N02 69 2 59420248 1 27543350 178 9999712 o 09999996 629999924 I~

~ 03 69 l 99565192 1 45535861 137 6999827 0 5 89999962

802 69 0 36811586 0 75078232 25 3999946 0 4 29999924 I middotbull

1 I1 r-






BRF ---- ---------


ZNF FEF SIF


CLF NIF I a

I J1

TA98P 1 00000 0 0000

72

094186 0 0)01

72

0 45133 0 0001

72

0 54114 0 0001

72

060456 0 0001

72

0 27814 00180

72

039989 0 0005

72

0 26186 00263

middot 72

0 11718 03270

middot- 72

008699 0 4675

72

-001756 -026919 -009966 08836 00222 o 4049


ibull 16

I middotbull

TA98M 0 94186 l 00000 0 48788 043885 0 59108 0 24562 037749 021840 0 12304 o 12537 001425 -022215 -007457 11

0 0001 0 0000 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00376 00011 00653 0 3032 02940 09054 00607 0 5336 1-i

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 1


0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 0011 o 0001 0 5144 00099 0 1959 09493 0 5435 0 5636 09072 03282 I B

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 19

(

COR 0 54114 0 0001

72

0 43885 0 0001

72

037608 0 0011

72

1 00000 00000

72middotmiddot

0 55756 0 70548 073679 0 5B534 0 26894 0 0001 00001 00001 00001 00224


028486 00153

72

0 13409 -o 14507 -020329 02615 02240 0 0868


jI

i bullmiddot

BO 0 60456 0 59108 092099 0 55756 1 00000 0 19453 0431366 0 25566 008036 -005102 -008937 -0 05174 -o 11664 I~ Fgt

1n fl

Imiddotmiddotbull I

fBF

0 0001 72

0 27814 00180

72

0 0001 72

o 2462 00376

72

0 0001 72

o oeHt 0 5144

72

00001 00000 0 1015 00001 0 0302 middot 0 5022 middot 06704 0 4553 0 6660 03292 1-9

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 I o


If

middot BRF 0 39989

0 0005 72

0 37749 0 0011

72

030205 0 0)99

72

0 73679 0 0001

72-

043866 o 0001

72

0 90353 0 0001

72

1 0IJ000 0 82557 0 42057 00000 00001 0 0002

12-- -- 72--middot- 72

060402 0 0001

72

0 40616 -0 01936 0 14256 00004 08718 02322


Hbull

1 middot-middot i

~bull

KF 0 26186 021840 0 15420 0 58534 025566 083143 082557 1 00000 0 43057 o 69375 0 56748 000848 020696 00263 00653 0 1959 00001 00302 00001 00001 00000 00002 00001 0 0001 09437 00811

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

ZNF 011718 0 3270

72

0 12304 -0 00763 0 3032 09493

72 72

0 26894 0 0224

72


72

0 49237 0 0001

72

0middot42557-00002

72


72 72

0 51 986 0 0001

72

03036B 00095

72

middotO 07131--0 5516

72

030021 0 0104

72

middot-- ---f

- i

FEF 0 08699 0 12537 -007278 0 28486 -005102 0 73638 060402 069375 0 51986 1 00000 0 87518 -0 13744 044345 0 4675 0 2940 0 5435 00153 0 6704 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0001 00000 00001 0 2496 00001

I


SIF -001756 001425 -006918 0 13409 -008937 0 52051 0 40616 0 56748 03036B 0 87518 1 00000 -o 10739 0 37160 0 8836 0 9054 0 5636 02615 0 4553 0 0001 00004 00001 00095 0 0001 00000 0 3692 00013

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 i 103


0 0222 0 0607 09072 02240 06660 02149 08718 0 9437 0 5516 0 2496 03692 00000 0 4785 middotbull~

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

NIF -o 09966 0 4049

72

-o 07457 0 5336

72

-0 11687 0 3282

72

-o 20329 0 0868

72

-o 11664 03292

72

0 18383 0 1222

72

0 14256 02322

72

0 20696 0 0811

72

0 30021 0 0104

72

0 44345 0 0001

72

0 37160 -0 08486 0 0013 0 4785

72 72

1 00000 00000

72middot middot ---

11

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ND2 0 39623 0 42635 009859 0 70120 0 15866 0 83130 0 73349 0 62731 046326 063064 0 43895 -o 18107 0 39652 00094 00049 0 5345 00001 03156 00001 0 0001 0 0001 00020 -middot 0 0001 0 0036- - 0-2512- -0 0093 --

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middot i S02 0 09780 0 09423 -o 08735 -o 27067 -00384 -o 07616 0 00639 0 05851 0 14078 0 09030 0 1775~ -o 04330 0 49077


SF ND3 co NO N02 03 802


44 44 33 39 42 42 42 i

TA98M 0 20210 0 50623 0 57589 041587 042635 -0 47109 009423 0 1883 0 0005 00005 0 0085 0 0049 0 0016 0 5528 ~44 44 33 39 42 42 42


0 0905 0 0487 0 1199 0 0164 0 5345 0 0066 0 5823 44 44 33 39 42 42 42 r

r COR -0 08092 000287 0 72226 0 70751 0 70120 -0 50418 -027067 s


BO 0 34611 0 44009 0 33797 0 46865 0 15866 -0 52620 -003854 1 0 0214 0 0028 0 0544 0 0026 0 3156 0 0003 08086

44 44 33 39 42 42 42 - --- middotbull 1

7bull



SF N03 co NO N02 03 502 ]

bull bullI


lo JgttBRF 0 20229 005446 065025 0 71055 0 73349 -035514 000639

0 1879 0 72 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00210 07228 iI 44 44 33 39 42 42 42 l


44 44 33 39 42 42 42 IJOI middot(bull

IZNF 0 29022 023518 036785 028361 046326 -o 30810 0 14078 imiddot 00560 0 1244 00352 0 0802 00020 00471 03739


FEF -0 03143 -o 17030 043089 039356 063064 00002 0 09030 v ~Ill


44 44 33 39 42 42 42 31]

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0 8507 0 3008 0 3357 0 0869 0 0036 0 3649 0 2606 31

1--44 44 33 39 42 42 42 i it(


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NIF 0 37826 0 17795 0 15085 0 15573 039652 0 11746 049577 0 0114 02478 0 4021 0343B 00093 0 4588 00008

middotbullll

lt1middot-

44 44 33 39 42 42 42 i

--- --- -middot-------- --SF 100000 0 57074 -000124 loz03909 -002841 -o 17580 0 4712~ 11H

bulll-1

00000 00001 09945 08132 08583 02654 00016 bullm

44 44 33 39 42 42 42 ii~ il

N03 0 57074 1 00000 0 12482 001750 -0 11774 -o 36096 0 4251 i10 0001 00000 0 4889 0 9158 0 4577 00189 00026 ~II

44 44 middot 33 39 42 42 42 - iL bullrn

co -000124 0 12482 1 00000 0 62874 0 57099 -o 36728 002018 09945 0 4889 00000 00001 0 0005 0 0355 0 9113

33 33 33 33 33 33 33 1

----- - ---- 08132 0 9158 00001 0 0000 00003 00042 0 4110

NO 0 03909 001750 062874 1 00000 0 54775 -0 44879 0 13543 Ofi

bullbull-J39 39 33 39 39 39 39 fill

fi

N02 -o 02841 -o 11774 0 57099 0 54775 100000 -028539 -002710 0 8583 0 4577 00005 0 0003 00000 0 0669 08647 7

n42 42 33 39 42 42 42

M



SF N03 co NO N02 03 502

03 -o 17580 -o 36096 -o 36728 -0 44879 -o 28539 1 00000 -007679 0 2654 0 0189 0 0355 0 0042 o 0669 00000 0 6288


S02 0 47123 0 45251 0 02018 0 13543 -0 02710 -o 07679 1 00000 0 0016 0 0026 0 9113 04110 08647 06288 0 0000

42 42 33 39 42 42 42

i bull

bull

I i

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r

I I



I

middot

TA98P

TA98M

BAP

18

18

18

22 41111109

103499tttt

0 15000000

9 49122745

524182836

0 11504475

40339999966

1B6 ze 1 middot -

2 70000000

780000000 4100000000

3 40000000-------------middot-23-295- -

o 10000000 0 50000000

COR 18 0 52222222 039490215 939999999 0 10000000 160000000


PBF

BRF

KF

18

18

18 middot -

25166666667

4283333333

1 57 -4444444 - middot

20844607146

41 58089210

-12b-202-561

453000000000

77100000000

78 00000000

1200000000

95000000000

18400000000 I~ tt-)()()0()00middot- 1

Imiddot -

ZNF

FEF

-sJFmiddot

18

18

18 - ---- ----

30 72222222

156 55555556

~33333333---------

14 74012354

11037381521

-21 t-555026t

55300000000

281800000000


1700000000

2300000000

1 t 1 00000000

6700000000

-middot middot- - - - 1- 45000000000 3

3

l=1~ CLF

NIF

SF

N03

18

18

18

18

207 11111111

533333333

- 1450 -4444444 - -

8 30000000

327 61919948

330774492

638 56488658

5 45581179

372800000000

9600000000

2611 7middot00000000

149 39999992

1200000000

200000000


3 50000000

- -

1400000000

----u9000000000

2409999996

3

3

3

4middot

4

4

4

co 18 0 94444434 0 58933865 1699999809 029999995 2 79999924

imiddot NO

N02

18

18

12888886

230555516

1 13131291

1 31930107


41 49999291

middot ----o-

0 09999996

--4- 00060()()(rmiddot

629999924

4

4

fit

0

1bull

II I

03

S02

18

18

2 32777747

0 12222221 -

167746482

0 17339364

4189999443

2-1999998 t - -

0 589999962

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51

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7

7 7

7

61




1


TA98M 0 91598 1 00000 0 74963 0 56550 0 71316 0 41446 0 54966 0 40132 0 30860 0 40986 0 18496 -O 15585 064087 00001 0 0000 0 0003 0 0145 0 0009 0 0873 00181 0 0988 02128 00912 0 4625 0 5369 00042 -


COR 0 63507 0 56550 082866 100000 084966 082039 087254 0 75878 037503 049121 0 12672 -021349 O 57042 00046 0 0145 0 0001 00000 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0003 0 1252 0 0384 0 6163 - 0 3950 middot00134

BO 0 70777 0 71316 084923 084966 100000 0 54649 068519 0 55828 034814 0 17373 -021593 -005853 0 55791 0 0010 0 0009 0 0001----0 0001 0 0000 0 0189 - 0 0017 -- 00160~-01568--middot---04906 middot---0-3895--- 09176--00161----_------



3

KF 0 48713 040132 049209 075878 0 55828 0 82598 087204 1 00000 028700 0 63164 041478 -0 13133 0 59330 a

0 0403 0 0988 0 0380 0 0003 o 0160 0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 2482 0 0049 0 0870 0 6035 middot- 0 0094 --


bullI

FEF 035988 040986 040720 049121 0 17373 0 74449 0 69153 0 63164 026191 100000 082141 -0 35441 0 51473 0 1424 0 0912 00935 0 0384 0 4906 00004 00015 0 0049 02938 0 0000 00001 0 1490 00288 -


CLF -031142 -O 15585 -007288 -021349 -005853 -022037 -0 14037 -0 13133 -0 12697 -035441 -033167 1 00000 -025158 0 2084 0 5369 0 7736 0 3950 0 8176 0 3796 0 5785 0 6035 0 6156 0 1490 0 1788 middot 0 0000 0 3139 -


middot SF 0 28894 0 31765 0 24930 0 18004 0 30830 0 16776 0 21522 0 16711 0 63384 -0 12749 -0 23080 -0 17360 0 21072 0 2449 0 1990 0 3185 0 4747 0 2132 0 5058 0 3911 0 5075 00047 06142 03568 0 4909 0 4013

N03 0 55567 0 0167

0 61048 0 0071

0 27834 0 2634

020313 0 4188

0 52764 0 0244

-0 12527 0 6204

0 03163 0 9008

0 03703 0 8840 middot

0 10979 middotO 6645

-0 26820 0 2819

-0 26761 0 2830

0 09971 033508 0 6938 ---middotO 1741-----~ middotf

co 0 70534 0 0011

0 70511 0 0011

0 72011 0 0008

0 77904 0 0001

065976 0 0029

0 77245 0 0002

0 81431 0 0001

0 68611 0 0017

0 69558 00013

0 59428 0 0093

0 27833 -021896 02634 0 3827

0 69202 00015

ND 0 58992 0 0100

0 50579 0 0322

0 55139 0 0177

0 56017 0 0156

042220 o 0809

0 68843 0 0016

0 70372 0 0011

0 67002 0 0028

037301 0 1274

062731 o 0053

034285 0 1637

-0 40289 0 0974

0 58109 0 0114--- -- - ~

--- ------ --





03 -033221 -049548 -038254 -0 12175 -045888 -000093 -0 13765 0 12685 -o 18999 023454 045794 -020550 -006538 0 1780 00365 0 1172 06303 00554 09971 0 5860 06160 0 4502 03489 00560 04133 0 7966

S02 -025143 -025953 -032437 -026536 -050654 -001752 -o 13897 -o 03603 0 10613 0 28547 048439 -021512 -020854 03142 0 2983 0 1891 02872 0 0319 0 9450 0 5823 08871 06751 02508 00416 03913 0 4063

-- middot~- ------ -----~-~F N03 co NO N02 03 802

TA98P 0 28894 0 55567 0 70534 0 58992 025001 -o 33221 -025143 0 2449 00167 0 0011 00100 03170 0 1780 03142


TA98M 031765 061048 0 70511 0 50579 022673 -049548 -025953 1 0 1990 0 0071 0 0011 00322 0 3656 00365 02983


03185 02634 00008 0 0177 0 0104 0 1172 0 1891 i - -- --------

COR 0 18004 020313 0 77904 0 56017 0 74041 -0 12175 -026536 0 4747 04188 00001 00156 o 0004 06303 02872

I 1-middotmiddot

I 130 0 30830 0 52764 0 65976 0 42220 049444 -o 45888 -o 50654 0 2132 0 0244 0 0029 0 0809 o 0370 00554 00319


PBF 0 16776 -0 12527 0 77245 068843 083711 -000093 -001752 0 5058 06204 00002 00016 00001 09971 09450

13RF 021522 0 03163 081431 0 70372 0 76285 -o 13765 -0 13897 0 3911 0 9008 00001 00011 00002 0 5860 05823

--- -- ---------- ----middot- - ----- - -- --- middot- --~---- -- --- - - --- --- - ---

KF 0 16711 003703 068611 067002 045880 0 12685 -003603 0 5075 08840 00017 00023 00555 06160 0 8871

i ZNF 0 63384 0 10979 069558 037301 042236 -0 18999 0 10613I 00047 06645 00013 0 1274 o 0808 0 4502 06751


i FEF -0 12749 -026820 0 59428 062731 0 53119 023454 0 28547 06142 02819 0 0093 00053 00233 03489 02508 - - t

SIF -0 23080 -026761 0 27833 034285 006999 0 45794 0 48439 0 3568 0 2830 0 2634 0 1637 o 7826 00560 00416middot


CLF -0 17360 009971 -021896 -0 40289 -020935 -0 20550 -021512 le

0 4909 06938 0 3827 0 0974 o 4044 04133 03913

NIF 0 21072 0 33508 0 69202 0 58109 0 50099 -o 06538 -o 20854 170 4013 0 1741 00015 0 0114 00342 0 7966 0 4063

I



I


SF 1 00000 0 46453 0 37823 0 07208 006238 -031989 0 0000 0 0521 0 1217 0 7762 0 8058 0 19561middot

ND3 0 46453 1 00000 0 24259 -0 18670 -0 14874 -~ 45076 00521 0 0000 0 3321 0 4582 0 5558 0 0605

co 0 37823 0 24259 1 00000 0 71631 0 54136 -0 14710 0 1217 03321 00000 00008 00203 0 5602

NO 007208 -0 18670 0 71631 1 00000 034371 0 02900 0 7762 0 4582 00008 0 0000 0 1626 09091

ND2 0 06238 -0 14874 0 54136 0 34371 1 00000 -0 07769 0 8058 0 5558 00203 0 1626 0 0000 0 7593


03 -o 31989 -045076 -o 14710 002900 -007769 1 00000 o 1956 00605 o 5602 0 9091 o 7593 0 0000


802

001000 09686


-0 36811 0 1328

o 010s 0 9418

- - -- ~middot-----

0 04331 0 8645 middot

-o 12657 06167



middot- 802 001000 -o 36811 001855 0 04331 -0 12657 0 50537 1 00000 0 9686 0 1328 0 9418 0 8645 06167 0 0324 0 00001bullI



VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

middotmiddot MEAN

15 53333332

STD DEV

1160724924


279 59999980


1 70000000

f1Aft

3800000000

2

3

4

0

7

TAJBM

BAP

16

18

0 2222222

0 18888889

470526100

0 17111705

124 -99P5

3 40000000


o 10000000


JI0 70000000 12

COR 18 060555556 038267206 1089999999 o 10000000 1 60000000


PBF 18 191 83333333 142 44844269 345300000000 4900000000 57600000000


u

ZNF 18 23 16666667 2935432627 41700000000 3 00000000 123 00000000 I 2E

FEF 18 77 33333333 76 15309657 139200000000 1200000000 29000000000 12


3~ ~l~ 3gt

CLF 18 55633333333 921 65918162 1001400000000 1200000000 NIF 18 633333333 5 58358940 114 00000000 2 00000000 2000000000


N03 17 720588235 409946194 122 49999993 350000000 1629999995

co 18 1 15555547 036817857 20 79999846 o 50000000 209999943


N02 18 2 21111060 1 12453320 39 79999083 069999999 5 29999924 gt


((

01

6


6 omiddot 6(


6 7(

7

7 middot-----7

7 7(




18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

TA98M 0 92786 l 00000 0 72027 0 55831 0 82658 0 36347 0 72067 0 30814 0 19909 0 183B1 0 27021 -o 24485 0 16441 00001 0 0000 0 0007 0 0160 00001 0 1382 0 0007 02135 0 4284 o 4653 02782 03275 0 5145

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 middot~ _ ~

IMP 0 694~9 0 72027 100000 026151 0 90959 0 02019 0 41595 0 08606 -003357 -0 09269 o 06630 -o 11526 -o 03899 0 0014 00007 0 0000 0 2945 o 0001 09366 00860 0 7342 08948 0 7145 0 7938 06488 0 0779

18 18 18 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

COR 0 74542 0 55831 026151 l 00000 0 55119 080568 0 79948 0 64018 0 55552 0 63819 0 71161 -0 17908 020556 0 0004 00160 0 29-45 -- 0 0000 0 0177 00001 00001 0 0042-- 00167 0 0044 - 0-0009-middot 0-4771 ---0 4132----~

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

BO 087202 082658 0 90959 0 55119 1 00000 030154 0 63241 0 29046 0 14882 0 16657 0 29835 -o 22686 middot 0 12310 --i 0 0001 0 0001 0 0001 0 0177 0 0000 0 240 00049 02423 0 5556 0 5089 02292 03653 0 6265


0 0127 0 1382 0 9366 0 0001 o 2240 0 0000 00001 0 0001 00010 0 0001 00001 0 6660 0 0110 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

KF 0 51850 0 30814 008606 064018 029046 0 87240 0 72937 1 00000 0 70005 087520 0 85297 0 12863 0 58343 0 0275 0 2135 0 7342 0 0042 0 2423 00001 0 0006 00000 00012 0 0001 00001 0 6110 0 0110

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -middotmiddot-----~-- --

ZNF 030529 0 19909 -003357 0 55552 0 14882 0 70828 0 59161 0 70005 1 00000 087145 0 54483 0 11953 0 54444 0 2180 0 4284 08948 0 0167 0 5556 00010 00097 00012 00000 0 0001 00194 0 6366 0 0195

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

FEF 0 38214 0 18381 -0 09269 063819 0 16657 083543 0 60433 0 87520 0 87145 100000 0 78481 -0 00453 0 61174 0 1176 0 4653 0 7145- 0 0044 0 5089 00001 00079 0 0001-- --0 0001 -0 0000 -- 0-0001 -- 0 9858----- 0 00-10----- ----1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18i1middotmiddot

SIF 0 52537 027021 0 06630 0 71161 029835 0 79259 0 58652 0 85297 0 5~483 0 78481 1 00000 -007886 0 51571 0 0252 0 2782 0 7938 0 0009 0 2292 00001 0 0105 00001 00194 0 0001 0 0000 0 7558 00285


CLF -0 28647 -o 24485 -o 11526 -0 17908 -022686 -o 10927 0 07669 0 12863 0 11953 -000453 -o 07886 1 00000 -0 20751 0 2491 03275 0 6488 0 4771 0 3653 06660 0 7623 06110 06366 0 9858 0 7558 0 0000 04087

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 29335 0 16441 -003899 0 20556 0 12310 0 58337 034274 0 58343 0 54444 0 61174 0 51571 -o 20751 1 00000 02374 0 5145 0 8779 0 4132 06265 0 0110 0 1638 0 0110 0 0195 o 0070 0 0285 04087 0 0000 -- --- -- ---

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




SF 0 71313 083969 0 71558 0 22603 o 72637 0 09862 0 44639 0 10128 -005963 -005255 0 12180 -030267 022105 00009 0 0001 00008 03671 0 0006 06970 00633 06892 0 8142 0 8359 06302 02222 03781


ND3 0 70324 0 68520 0 57713 037124 069133 0 40748 0 55993 0 54401 0 50399 0 50803 0 47233 -o 14438 061873 00016 00024 00153 0 1423 0 0021 0 1045 00194 00240 00391 0 0373 00556 0 5B04 0 0081

17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


2N02 0 59259 039963 0 16270 067239 035817 089205 078246 0 92474 074285 087231 080553 005950 064767 -2


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 3


3502 0 75127 0 67523 073330 0 52519 0 78480 0 37019 0 57116 0 50172 044426 0 49609 0 55138 -o 08942 029820 30 0003 00021 00005 0 0252 00001 0 1305 00133 00339 0 0647 00363 00177 0 7242 02294


SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 I~

TA98P 0 71313 o 70324 066396 083251 059259 -037864 075127 middot - --- - ----- -- -- - --- -- ------- -f

bull1


middotTA98M 083969 0 68520 0 50083 0 77972 039963 -o 46393 067523

Cl 00001 00024 00343 00001 o 1004 00525 00021


00008 0 0153 03691 00023 o 5189 00024 00005 (

1B 17 18 18 18 18 18 6bull



i 18 17 18 18 18 18 18 o

130 0 72637 0 69133 0 43936 0 77128 035817 -o 54332 middoto 784Bo 00006 0 0021 00681 0 0002 o 1444 00198 0 0001

18 17 18 18 18 18 18 -------- lr

7

middot 7lt

17

- --- ---



SF N03

PBF 0 09862 0 40748 0 6970 0 1045

18 17

DRF 0 44639 0 55993 0 0633 0 0194

18 17

KF 0 10128 0 54401 0 6892 00240

18 17

ZNF -005963 0 50399 0 8142 0 0391

18 17

FEF -005205 0 50803 0 8359 0 0373

I 18 17 bull 1



02222 0 5804 18 17

NIF 0 22103 061873 0 3781 00081

18 17

i SF l 00000 0 64435 I 00000 00052

18 17 I


111 co 0 15196 0 31686Imiddot

0 5472 02153 18 17

NO 0 48753 0 43096 o 0401 0 0842

18 17

ND2 0 14107 0 59138 b 5766 0 0124

18 17

2

co

0 76253

NO

0 57718

N02

089205

03

o 18401

802


3


18 0 0121

18 0 0001

18 0 4648

18 0 1305


-middot - bull 10

0 78881 0 0001

18

0 72386

087660 0 0001

18

045750

0 78246 -026944 0 0001 0 2796

18 18

092474 024139

0 57116 00133

18



00007 18

0 0563 18

0 0001 18

03346 18

00339 18

IA

060760 037468 074285 030709 o 44426 00075

-- 18 0 1255

---- 18 0 0004

18--0 2151

18 0 0647




3018 18 18 18 18


0 0012 0 1217 0 0001 0 3555 0 0177 4 18 18 18 18 18 30


41

4

0 11923 0 02979 064767 0 25318 0 29820 06375 0 9066 00037 03107 0 2294

4018 18 18 18 18 4


0 5472 00401 0 5766 00646 00134 18 18 18 18 18 -Imiddot

5bull1031686 0 43096 0 59138 -0 15354 0 78859 0 2153 00842 00124 0 5563 0 0002



18 18 18 18 18 lo=bull 1r1


18 18 18 18 18 ltP

j1~1

bull1110 70880 0 55764 1 00000 0 05266 0 59471 I 0 0010 0 0162 0 0000 0 8356 00092 71i


_




03 -o 44444 -o 15354 -001013 -0 53711 005266 1 00000 -0 32031 bi 0 0646 0 5563 09682 00215 o 8356 00000 0 1950

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

b

802 0 57071 0 78859 o ~1216 061918 0 ~9471 -o 32031 1 00000 00134 00002- middot 00218 00061 00092 0 1950 00000

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

i 1111

1 ~

ilt1i -

i)

I middot


TA98P

TA9811

BAP

CDR

N MEAN

18 27 34444442

18 12 22222221

18 o 32222222

18 0 87222222



I

6 1gt9245012 219 99999975 3 40000000 2b 79999995 1~1 -

0 42086124 5 79999999 o 10000000 160000000 11

036267885 1569999999 030000000 160000000 H BO

PBF

BRF

18 1 11gt111111

18 28700000000

18 52 00000000

130435420 20 89999999 o 10000000 5 10000000 1 111 14902348808 516600000000 8600000000 667 00000000 I J ~

I ~ middot1 I

1-middot11

3438B78066 93600000000 600000000 125 00000000

KF 18 13083333333

99 97249622 35500000000 3600000000 406-00000000 1middot1

ZNF

FEF

18 20 22222222

18 9322222222

middot bullbull 1


40 25030659 1678 00000000 2000000000 18000000000 -

SIF

CLF

NIF

SF

16 20amp50000000


18 266666667


--


i1

218 211H369 2277 00000000 1800000000 971 00000000 1


tbullmiddot 1111


ND3 18 704444444 -- - -----


co 18 1 19999973 0 39704784 a 59999514 o 19999999 189999962



03 18 1 62222203 1 55433184 29 19999653 0 4 59999943

602 18 o 03888888 I bullbullI

008498365 019999987 0 0 29999995- I I


--




TA98P 1 00000 0 95880 0 33769 030796 045622 -o 14393 008990 0 05364 -o 13524 0 00460 -o 06952 002155 -001755 00000 0 0001 0 1705 0 2138 00570 0 5688 07228 08326 0 5926 09855 o 7840 09324 09449

TA98H 0 95880 1 00000 041939 0 16604 049250 -026445 -004611 -0 08562 -0 17367 -0 11225 -0 16946 0 01194 -o 13945 00001 0 0000 00932 0 5102 00379 02889 08558 07355 04907 06574 0 5014 09625 0 5810 middot

BAP 0 33769 0 41939 1 00000 0 18156 095321 -o 26383 0 15729 0 13137 -0 03319 -0 35950 -0 12397 0 54944 0 18677 0 1705 o 0832 00000 0 4709 00001 02901 0 5331 06033 08960 0 1429 06241 00182 04580


BO 0 45622 0 49250 095321 035446 100000 -0 14965 028353 0 20042 0 04606 -0 30491 -0 11295 0 51501 022571 - 1

00570 00379 0 0001 0 1490 0 0000 0 5534 02542 04252 08560middot 02186 06554 00287 0 3678 1 Ibull

i iPBF -0 14393 -0 26445 -o 26383 070265 -0 14965 100000 0 84410 0 73014 0 17409 084866 0 75510 -o 11898 063813


I


JbullII


111


middot1 FEF 0 00460 -0 11225 -03~950 0 60364 -030491 084866 065601 0 70146 001902 100000 090712 -023023 060387


0 7840 05014 06241 00066 06554 00003 00009 00001 0 7926 00001 00000 08816 00003 i i iI

CLF 002155 001194 o 54944 -006136 0 51501 -0 11898 0 30259 o 22757 044606 -023023 003781 100000 001395 09324 0 9625 -middot- 0 0182 -08089 00287 06382 - o 2223 03638 00635 03580 08816 00000 - o-1562 - I


09449 0 5B10 0 4580 00002 0367B 00044 00010 00001middot 0 7607 00080 00003 09562 00000 NIF -0 01755 -o 13945 0 18677 0 77235 022571 063813 0 70691 0 91863 -0 07721 060387 0 74978 001395 1 00000

I SF

ND3

-0 00948 09702

0 57359 00128

-0 06773 0 7895

0 54898 00183

041263 00888-

0 70681 00010

001B84 09409-

037109 0 1295

045817 00559

0 62110 0 0001

004542 08580

-0 12277 0 6274

042099 00819

023617 03454

o 31931 0 1965-

0 19639 04348

0 61671 -0 15333 00064 0 5436

006757 -022576 0 7899 0 3677

005262 0 8357

-008816 0 7280

091598 00001

026757 02831

006616 0 7942

022764 03636

iCbull

i i

co 0 55631 0 0165

0 52842 00242

004224 08678

0 49836 00353

0 14993 0 5526

038285 0 1169

035844 0 1441

o 20851 0 4064

-o 20481 0 4149

030973 0 2110

0 18727 0 4568

-0 27334 0 2724

023756 03425

NO 0 32544 0 1876

0 25876 02998

021495 03917

0 75467 00003

035989 0 1424

0 62866 00052

0 69713 00013

0 50726 00317

-0 07765 0 7594

0 38188 0 1179

0 33233 -002472 0 1779 09224

0 51261 00296


l

N02

TA98P

0 04264 0 8666

TA98M

004085 0 8721

CORRELATION

BAP COR

-o 26388 049516 02900 0 0367



-024236 0 59937 036052 0 42562 -005869 0 64556 03325 00086 0 1416 00782 0 8171 00038

SIF

0 51792 00277

CLF

-0 37459 0 1256

NJF

045314 0 0590

--pmiddot1 _ ___ l-1 I I ~ i

i -

03 -o 08513 0 7370

-o 10636 0 6744

-o 40365 00967

-o 10841 06685

-039356 o 1061

0 16868 0 5034

-004380 o 8630

0 03076 0 9036

036536 0 1360

0 29733 02308

02893 -o 24712 02501 03228

000644 0 9798

))

S02 0 37814 0 40175 0 40203 -0 07740 031162 -o 11333 0 17914 0 13582 o 16193 0 00068 0 12285 0 68627 -o 08408 0 1218 0 0984 00982 0 7602 0 2081 06543 0 4769 0 5910 0 5209 09979 0 6272 00017 0 7401 middot

I


i I j

TA98P -o 00948 0 57359 0 55631 032544 004264 -008513 037814 11


TA98M -006773 0 54898 0 52842 025876 004085 -o 10636 04017 0 7895 0 0183 00242 0 2998 08721 06744 0 0984


IMP 0 41263 0 70681 0 04224 0 21495 -026388 -o 40365 040203 1middotr 0 0888 0 0010 08678 0 3917 02900 00967 0 0982 I


COR 0 01884 0 9409

0 37109 0 1295

0 49836 0 0353

0 75467 00003

049516 00367

-o 10841 06685

-o 07740 0 7602



00559 00001 0 5526 0 1424 03325 0 1061 02081 I 11

I 4 I

PBF 0 04542 0 8580

-0 12277 06274

0 38285 0 1169

0 62866 00052

0 59937 o 0086

0 16868 0 5034

-o 11333 06543 i I


KF

00819

0 31931

03454

0 19639

0 1441

020851

00013

0 50726

o 1416

042562

08630

0 03076

0 4769

0 13582

1ilvl

0 1965 0 4348 04064 00317 00782 09036 0 5910 bull I

--- --- -1middot ti

ZNF 0 61671 0 06757 -o 20481 -o 07765 -005869 o 36536 0 16193 )

00064 0 7899 0 4149 0 7594 08171 0 1360 0 5209 I

FEF -o 15333 -o 22576 0 30973 088188 064556 0 29733 000068 I 0 5436 0 3677 02110 0 1179 0 0038 02308 0 9979

i

6IF 0 05262 -008816 0 18727 033233 0 51792 0 28593 0 12285 1middot 11- I

08357 0 7280 0 4568 0 1779 o 0277 0 2501 06272 bull middot1

CLF 0 91 598 026757 -o 27334 -o 02472 -037459 -0 24712 068627 0 0001 0 2831 o 2724 0 9224 o 1256 03228 0 0017

NIF 0 06616 022764 0 23756 0 51261 045314 0 00644 -008408 0 7942 0 3636 03425 0 0296 0 0590 0 9798 0 7401

I -

--1



SF 1 00000 033200 -029567 -000496 -03B569 -0 14233 049893 1middot

ND3

co

NO

N02

03

502

0 0000

0 33200 0 1783

-0 29567 0 2336

-000496 0 9844

-0 3B569 0 1139

-o 14233 0 5732

0 49893 00351

0 1783

1 00000 00000

027495 02695

0 25388 03094

-0 34866 0 1562

001501 0 9529

0 12659 06167

0 2336

027495 0 2695

1 00000 00000

071100 00009

0 46975 00492

o 10103 0 6900

000000 1 0000

09844

0 2538B 03094

0 71100 0 0009

1 00000 00000

0 44577 00637

-o 15038 0 5514

001706 0 9464

0 1139 0 5732 00351

-034866 0 01501 0 12659 0 1562 0 9529 06167

0 46975 0 10103 000000 0 0492 06900 1 0000

044577 -0 15038 0 01706 00637 0 5514 09464

1 00000 000732 -o 11744 o 0000 0 9770 06426

000732 100000 -o 16279 09770 00000 0 5187

- -

-o 11744 -o 16279 100000 06426 0 5187 00000

-- --~-- ---------- - - ---middot


11middot I bull


11 4

----- -~- ---------i ~

II-1lt1

41

-1middot_I j

_

) I

1bull bullI I

[

~-- J

-i I I

_

_

i _

i i

I I -_

SAS STATION=7996


VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

MEAN

1407777777

STD DEV

8 17554139

SUM

25339999978

MINIMUM

o 60000000

MAXIMUM

28 39999998

Imiddot1 I


BAP

CDR

18

18

18

707222222

0 13888889

032222222

426391225

006978023

025565500

12729999995

2 50000000

580000000

040000000

o 10000000

o 10000000

t4 20000000

0 30000000

090000000

I

middot1

BO

PBF

BRF

KF

ZNF

FEF

SIF


18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

o 48333333

22826611111

44 46111111

139 52777778

24 73888889

17422777778

450951555556

26421111111

031482955

20203637gt56

3533125826

115 77552218

15 52118624

125 44174090

33441987385

21783477519

B 70000000

4108 79000000

BOO 30000000

2511 50000000

44530000000 ~---middotmiddot--

3136 10000000


4755 80000000

--

o 10000000

1700000000

700000000

3700000000

400000000

1700000000

7900000000

1900000000

1 20000000 I 11

77100000000 middot1 1-li

13000000000 middot- 11


i-11 7400000000 middot-I



Ibull

89300000000 i~I middot-------middot- - -------- -------- (

NIF 18 1685555555 1260598468 303 39999998 200000000 48 00000000 1

SF

N03

ND

18

18

9

1968 4222222


2 71111094

115393953280

565174506

1 72224005

35431 60000000 middot

140 59999998

24 39999843

54100000000

300000000

029999995

5790c 00000000

24 50000000

6 39999962

bulliI _t

I I

I

ND2 16 269999966 149092499 4049999332 l 19999981 b 19999981

03 15 1 77333314 1 20621393 26 59999704 middot-middot - -

0 3 19999981

S02 15 1 35333300 1 14633970 2029999506 029999995 4 29999924


i middotj

bull-li


--




TA98P 1 00000 o 92935 0 28825 -o 01129 048961 0 13388 033461 0 18025 0 13720 -002539 -0 16409 -o 32350 0 10007 00000 00001 02461 09645 00392 05964 0 1747 0 4742 05872 09204 o 0153 0 1904 06928 i

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 1d

TA98M 092935 1 00000 032610 0 15817 046062 033824 0 47603 034902 033729 0 16881 0 01959 -026313 0 12028 rmiddot ii 00001 00000 0 1866 0 5308 00544 0 1698 00458 0 1557 0 1711 0 0031 09385 02914 06345

I18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

1


I02461 0 1866 00000 00010 00001 00126 00006 00165 0 1587 00717 0 1419 03167 03501 18 18 10- 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 - i

I(



00392 00544 00001 0 0048 00000 00571 00022 00494 03512 02678 03858 03432 0 1697 JIbull


0 1747 o 0458 - 0 0006 - 00001 00022 00001 00000 - 0 0001 00017 00002 00085 06294 0 7840 18 18 1B 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 ) 1)

ZNF 0 1370 03379 034666 0 54174 023343 074960 068574 065671 1 00000 0 72305 0 54970 -o 18941 049618 I li0 5872 o 1711 0 1587 00202 03512 00003 00017 00031 00000 00007 00181 04516 00362


~ i bull FEF -0 02539 0 16881 0 43439 0 76834 027588 090022 0 76972 0 80442 0 72305 1 00000 090809 -0 118f4 033937

I 0 9204 0 5031 00717 00002 02678 0 0001 00002 0 0001 00007 00000 00001 06406 0 1683 middotmiddotI

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18



CLF -0 32350 -0 26315 -0 25018 -001103 -023724 -005122 -0 12210 0 00024 -0 18941 -o 11814 0 15372 100000 -027728 1

0 1904 02914 03167 0 9653 03432 08400 06294 09993 0 4516 06406 0 5425 o 0000 02653 -18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 10007 0 12028 -o 23398 -0 19023 -0 33828 0 18641 0 06953 0 09793 0 49618 0 33937 0 14030 -0 27728 100000 0 6928 06345 03501 0 4496 o 1697 04589 o 7840 06991 0 0362 o 1683 0 5787 02653 00000 1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




N03 0 63242 0 56885 0 15694 -000873 0 46691 -0 10536 0 10681 0 06973 006362 -0 26846 -023405 0 06398 -023346 II

I-0 0049 0 0138 0 5340 0 9726 0 0508 0 6773 0 6731 0 7834 0 B020 02814 03499 08009 0 3512 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

11bull ii(


NO 0 55212 0 48690 082799 051547 0 73964 036537 o 5~405 0 17045 0 43112 0 13157 -o 01367 -o 31045 -o 14897 1 0 1232 0 1838 0 0058 0 1555 0 0227 0 3336 0 1217 0 6611 0 2466 0 7358 0 9722 0 4162 0 7021


llt

I 3


I 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

rj 00767 00389 00666 0 1729 00134 03732 00908 03811 02595 09573 08808 0 5762 03102 l

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 3i ~802 0 73863 0 58663 041270 -001688 0 52023 -o 14223 0 14874 -o 06508 -004904 -o 32131 -031231 0 15680 -022241 n0 0017 00215 0 1263 0 9524 00468 06131 0 5968 0 8177 08622 02429 02571 0 5768 04256

16 16 15- ---- - 15 15 15 15 15-- - 15 -- 15 -- --15 --15------ --- -15------ -- middot

middot I



18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1 iIll


bulls_18 18 0 9 15 15 15i -- ----------[


t1

COR -o 02761 -0 00873 0 51547 074490 -0 37138 -001688 04


BO 0 18682 0 46691 0 73964 033341 -062129 0 52023 lti 0 4579 0 0508 0 0227 02246 00134 0046B 1(l

7118 18 0 9 15 15 15 --- - -middot ~



3 2

SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 3

4

bull PBF 0 15363 -0 10536 036537 093532 -0 24779 -0 14223 bull


BRF 0 231B4 0 106B1 0 55405 083513 -045195 0 14874 I

0 3546 0 6731 0 1217 00001 00908 0 596B 18 18 0 9 15 15 15

Imiddot

KF 0 33801 0 0673 0 17045 085814 -024388 -006508 - -- - --- - - middot- 0 1701 0 7834 0 6611 o 0001 03B11 08177

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1I

ZNF 0 36622 006362 0 43112 0 74557 -0 310B0 -004904 1 0 1350 08020 02466 0 0014 02595 08622

2 18 18 0 15 - 15 15 ---------- -1_

FEF 001413 -026846 0 13157 093257 -001512 -032131 2


0956 0 2814 0 735B 00001 0 9573 0242 3

3




NIF 0 23057 -023346 -o 14897 032692 028110 -0 22241 0 3573 03512 0 7021 02343 03102 0 4256

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 SF l 00000 066667 --- ----- middot-00573b - 0 1724~ -041658 052203

00000 00025 08835 0 5389 0 1224 00459 I 18 18 0 9 15 15 151middot I 1 N03 0 66667 1 00000 022436 -009255 -o 58411 079808


I I co

fi


0 8835 0 5617 00000 06093 0 4302 00973 bullmiddot 9 9 0 9 9 9 9

N02 0 17244 -o 09255 0 19817 100000 -009374 -0 16884 0 5389 0 7429 06093 00000 0 7397 0 5475

15 15 0 9 15 15 15 7

7



SF N03 co NO N02 03 S 2

03 -o 41658 -o 58411 -o 30163 -009374 1 00000 -o 56403 0 1224 0 0222 04302 o 7397 00000 00285


S02 0 52203 0 79808 0 58598 -0 16884 -0 56403 1 00000 0 0459 0 0004 0 0973 0 5475 00285 00000

15 15 0 9 15 15 15

i I fbull





--

bullbull






e 6 7430 813 73 0 19 0 0 6 3 4 4 0 1 O l 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 1 3 2 2 2 0 9 bull 1 7430 821 58 035 57 94 59 03 05 18 09 13 132 97 80 32


18



23 16 7433 801 64 0 57 9 1 9 2 56 03 03 2 7 1 5 0 5 12 3 6 B 69 33


26

27 5 4 0 3 0 3 2 5 l 4 0 7 12 1 6 B 3 6 7 0


SI a --~- 823 4lt 020 65 29 35 01 01 11 12 01 33 126 26 06(__137

25 7433 831 51 0 32 7 0 52 58 06 09 48 3 5 17 14 7 66 7B 34 lJ



Ul3B 30



44 31 _ 7440 801 73 069 77 112 107 06 13 41 19 33 48 12 77 24


36 7440 813 52 0 27 6 1 6 1 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 3 0 2 7 4 4 2 3 4 1 2 ~ 37 7440 821 61 050 44 83 107 06 15 40 18 29 55 35 30 17

88 7440- -- - 822 43 0 24 4 b 4 7 2 6 middot 0 1 -0 1 0 7 0 4 0 2 6 6 4 7 8 0 3 2 39 7440 823 39 0 24 4 9 4 4 2 9 0 1 ~- 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 17 1 5 4 6 1 7 M 40 7440 831 56 J42 41 69 106 10 c3 75 48 45 148 52 106 30


_ tor

----------------------------------------------- ---------------

__




1tl1-

1-1) i ~ I





i lili


I middot1middot1

~ i -

------------------------- I bull

Imiddot I

ii middot

II

j I

I iI


APPENDIX V







Annual -004 0001 Annual 009 050





TSP Winter -7 010

Spring -2 042

Summer -3 034

Annual -4 012

so4 Winter -09 016

Spring 005 063

Summer -06 024

Annual -05 011


Spring aa 099

Summer -04 021

Annual -02 042

BAP Winter 5 014

Spring aa 056

Summer aa 100

Annual 004 012


11111i~~li~~IIII 07488




vehicles















-

wide








from Los Angeles



-iv-







formation






















-v-






















(Union)










-vi-





-vii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract iii



List of Tables xvii







-viii-





A Summary 11

B Introduction 12



E Conclusions 21





A Introduction 22



-ix-

26

CHAPTER IV

REFERENCES





0 Conclusions 44




A Introduction 46



0 Conclusions 54

56

-x-

62 APPENDICES












-xi-

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


















-xii-

LIST OF FIGURES



County California


3d



















out 59 (c) 19b




-xiii-





March-June) 50a





March-June) 50b










March-June) 50d





March-June) 50e








-xiv-


































-xv-














-xvi-

LIST OF TABLES






Identification 3c












Six

29a



Three

29b



Six

32a



Six

32b

-xvii-






Samples 1982-1984 32d



Samples 1982-1984 32e












Density (+S9) 34b



Density (+S9) 34c

-xviii-





Benzanthrone 36b



Richmond

38a



Martinez

38b



Concord

38c





at Richmond 40a



at Martinez 40b



at Concord 40c

-xix-



at Pittsburg 40d



















-xx-



June 1984

at

48a



1979-June 1984 48b









-xxi-

D-IAPTER I

PROJECT SUMMARY











and investigation



















-1-




~ 0



-la-































-2-









Tables I-1 and 2



















-3-

TABLE 1-1


TSP

so= 4

NO -3

ORG

BAP

BKF

BGP

COR

BZO

PBF

BRF

FEF

SIF

KF

ZNF

SF

CLF

M39BPS9

M398MS9

M398NRM

NR98M3

ORG98PS9

ORG98MS9

03 co NO

N02

so2


Sulfate Mass

Nitrate Mass


Benzo(a)pyrene


Benzo(ghi)perylene

Coronene


Fine fraction Lead


Fine fraction Iron



Fine fraction Zinc







Ozone

Carbon Monoxide

Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Sulfur dioxide


3ngm

3ngm

3ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3

ngm 3

ngm 3


revmicrog

rev microg

pphm

ppm

pphm

pphm

pphm

-3a-

TABLE 1-2




TSP

so -4

N03

ORG

PAH

Mutagens

Trace elements

so2

Pb only














Gravimetric

Turbidimetric

Colorimetric

Benzene extraction

HPLC - fluorescence

Standard Ames test


X-ray fluorescence

II ii


Chemiluminescence

Infrared absorption

Fluorescence

-3b-

TABLE 1-3







Mutagenicity PAH


Agency Performing

Analysis


AIHL AIHL

DHS-LBL

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD



Collect Gas Data

NO X

co



6 pm 6 am

Analytical Method


Ames HPLC






-3c-




FIGURE I-2

-3d-

































-4-

I + PJ I




by GC-MS HPLC

(AIHL)

Analyzed for Pb by


To BAAOMD

i ----


(BAAOMD)

FILTERS


(AIHL)

Ar------ -----

Igt

_J_

frac14dt ~--

I

(Supple t ment)



middot

bull

bullbull

TSP Gravimetrically

(BAAOMD)

~

I


(AIHL)

DATA BANK (AIHL)



each 4 months








of 10 were observed




factor



aerosol mutagens









(21)

-5-











wide








Angeles












-6-


































-7-



3 -











(28)



trends





tion







-8-




responsible










3 -





3

Gas phase HNO3













-9-
























-10-

CHAPTER II




A Summary























-11-

B Introduction






















mutagens










-12-


l Chemicals


























Berkeley California

-13-

















50 litersmin

















-14-













used throughout



















-15-










1 Chemical Mutagens






















-16-

TABLE 11-1



Chemical Plate


Suspension







experiment

-16a-
































-17-

TABLE 11-2







(revnmol)

Composite Berkeley


(revm3)


-17a-


1000

(a)+ S9

UJ E-lt -l 0

800


600E-z lt E-0 UJ gt

400

Ul 0

00

deg 200lt E-

0 ----~P----------------~------ 0 10 20 30 40 50



(f)


deg lt E-

300

200

100

Microsuspension

0

Plate Incorporation

0 _________________ ______

0 10 20 30 40 50


-17b-

00
































-18-

I I- oi Pl I

200 ---------------------------------

-

150 -

100 -


~f~t~fWW

50 lI



TIME OF DAY


M e ()


r IJJ z

6am



























at the site





-19-


E


deg lt f-

EshyuJ z

800 ---------------------------------~

-

600 -

-

400 -

-

200 -


1------1

10am 2pm


6pm

TIME OF DAY

Cl C

E

C

E (J

10pm 2am 6am6am

800 -------------------------------


E

600 -(JJ

Eshyz

-lt EshyC tJJ

400 -gt tJJ c

deg 00

lt -

E-

EshytJJ z

11111111111111111

l


TIME OF DAY

-19a-

6am


1200

1000 E

_ ltJ)


00 c

400ltC 1--

1--UJ z 200

0



TIME OF DAY

1200 --------------------------------


degE _ ltJ)

1-- 800 z ltC 1--c ~ 600 UJ 0

00

~ 400 I-I--UJ z 200

0


TIME OF DAY

200 ---------------------------------


150 (I)

1-shyz ltC 1--0 UJ

100gt UJ 0

00 c ltC 1--

1-shy so UJ z

0


TIMEOF DAY

-19b-
























sampling sites






-20-

TABLE 11-3




+59 -59


1920-705

(113-11482)

710-1915

(11482)

2020-705

(114-11582)

572 723 223 238

304 236 101 86

624 727 238 296




-20a-

bull bull

1200

M 1000

I _


bull middot-

er uJ 600 1 gt uJ

N I er

0 cr I I00

OI bull400

~ -

-uJ z 200

bull bullI

0 0 05 1 15 2

LEAD (microgm3)









E Conclusions










-21-

CHAPTER ill




A Introduction













approach












-22-



















diurnal differences














-23-






3 Chemical Analysis










(2831)















-24-


















Welfare Data System











-25-











Episode I








Episode II









-26-

Episode III








Episode IV









end of the period

Episode V







Episode VI





-27-




Episode Summary



























-28-



D + d 2 + N














Summary Statistics











-29-

TABLE III-1



M398PS9 3revm 24 21 11 3 44

M398MS9 3revm 24 9 5 l 21



M398NRM 3revm 16 4 l 2 7

NR98M3 16 036 014 015 068

BAP 3ngm 24 02 02 01 08

BKF 3ngm 24 01 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 24 09 06 02 26

COR 3ngm 24 06 04 01 15

BZO 3ngm 24 08 07 01 32

ORG microgm3 23 35 2-4 1-5 8-4

TSP 3microgm 23 64 21 24 124

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

23

23

24

79

86

45

40

44

29

32

50

9

182

223

117

PBF 3ngm 24 242 153 52 605

BRFPBF 24 020 008 013 041

ZNF ngm3 24 26 13 9 68

KF 3ngm 24 142 103 50 429

FEF 3ngm 24 128 88 26 357

SIF 3ngm 24 291 235 56 952

CLF ngm3 24 260 426 27 2173

NIF 3ngm 24 7 6 2 27

SF 3ngm 24 1797 1195 516 6473

co ppm 18 11 04 05 17

NO pphm 21 19 12 03 43

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 09 49

03 pphm 23 22 11 01 41

502 pphm 23 04 07 00 34


-29a-

TABLE ID-2



M398PS9 3revm 12 12 6 6 21

M398MS9 3revm 12 7 2 3 10




NR98M3 12 043 016 018 071

BAP 3ngm 12 06 06 01 16

BKF 3ngm 12 03 02 01 07

BGP 3ngm 12 14 11 04 34

COR 3ngm 12 08 05 02 19

BZO 3ngm 12 21 20 03 58

ORG 3ngm 12 75 35 20 107

TSP 3microgm 12 90 22 52 126

NO3 so4 BRF

3microgm

3microgm

3ngm

12

12

11

115

149

69

46

57

48

41

53

16

185

252

172

PBF 3ngm 11 262 162 82 671

BRFPBF 11 025 007 015 040

ZNF 3ngm 11 37 13 12 55

KF 3ngm NA

FEF 3ngm 11 102 39 42 155

SIF 3ngm NA

CLF 3ngm NA

NIF 3ngm 11 25 14 7 51

SF 3ngm NA

co ppm 9 12 05 06 19

NO pphm 9 28 22 07 63

NO2 pphm 9 36 15 10 61

03 pphm 9 16 14 01 40

so2 pphm 9 04 03 0 09

NA = Not analyzed

-29b-
















aerosols
















-30-





=




=



























(gt8) (44)

-31-




























-32-

TABLE ID-3




3M398PS9 revm 24 24 14 6 58

M398M59 revm3 24 10 6 2 27



NR98M3 16 035 022 012 110

BAP ngm3 24 02 01 01 04

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 24 11 07 02 24

COR ngm3 24 07 04 01 16

BZO ngm3 24 08 06 01 20

ORG microgm 3 23 36 27 15 92

TSP microgm 3 23 76 25 34 139

NO microgm 3 23 86 34 32 1583

so= microgm 3 23 84 44 51 2144

BRF microgm 3 24 50 31 8 114

PBF microgm 3 24 266 157 49 638

BRFPBF 24 019 007 010 042

ZNF ngm3 24 31 24 9 123

KF ngm3 24 157 129 38 491

FEF ngm3 24 144 98 28 371

SIF ngm3 24 326 284 24 1220

CLF ngm3 24 174 282 19 1450

NIF ngm3 24 8 8 2 33

SF ngm3 24 1810 1384 442 7640

co ppm 18 13 04 06 21

NO pphm 21 22 15 05 64

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 12 53

pphm 23 29 15 aa 5903

502 pphm 23 04 09 oo 43

-32a-

TABLE ill- 4




M398PS9 revm3 24 17 10 ltl 37

M398MS9 revm3 24 9 5 ltl 18



M398NRM revm3 16 4 2 l 6

NR98M3 16 036 013 018 070

BAP ngm3 24 02 03 01 15

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 05

BGP ngm3 24 08 07 02 28

COR ngm3 24 05 03 01 15

BZO ngm3 24 07 10 01 44

ORG microgm 3 24 33 23 11 88


so= 3

microgm 3 24 86 44 50 2314 3BRF ngm 24 41 30 7 133

PBF ngm3 24 218 168 38 714

BRFPBF 24 021 010 011 041

ZNF ngm3 24 20 11 3 52

KF ngm3 24 127 82 54 377 3FEF ngm 24 112 90 24 353

SIF ngm3 24 256 205 87 787

CLF ngm3 24 346 582 31 2895

NIF ngm3 24 7 7 2 30

SF ngm3 24 1785 1094 590 5305

co ppm 18 10 04 02 17

NO pphm 21 15 13 01 50

NO2 pphm 23 25 12 06 51

03 pphm 23 15 09 01 35

502 pphm 23 03 06 00 25

-32b-

TABLE ill- 5




TA98+S9 100 094 045 054 060

TA98-S9 094 100 049 044 059

BAP 045 049 100 038 092

COR middot054 044 037 100 056

BZO 060 059 092 056 100

PBF 028 025 008 071 019

BRF 040 038 030 074 044

KF 026 022 015 058 008

ZNF 012 012 -001 027 026

FEF 009 013 -007 028 -005

SIF -012 001 -007 013 -009

CLF -027 -022 001 -015 -005

NIF -010 -007 -012 -020 -012

SF 022 023 028 003 036

NO3 049 051 032 015 047

co 054 051 023 071 036

NO 051 045 034 049 044

NO2 032 031 011 061 018

03 -027 -035 -041 -013 -043

SO2 004 005 -002 -027 -002



-32c-




TA98+S9 100 095 051 050 065

TA98-S9 095 100 057 038 059

BAP 053 057 100 051 077

COR 050 038 051 JI 100 076

BZO 067 059 077 076 100

PBF 019 007 028 070 046

BRF 038 030 059 074 071

KF 024 010 039 066 048

ZNF -014 -019 -019 015 -001

FEF -012 -018 004 019 003

SIF -012 -016 014 015 005

CLF -020 -012 -008 -012 -006

NIF -033 -039 -019 -033 -024

SF 023 028 054 020 045

NO -3 056 057 066 045 064

co 053 042 032 065 054

NO 049 049 046 012 045

NO2 024 012 019 051 026

03 -030 -036 -063 -003 -048

SO2 -003 001 023 -033 000



-32d-

TABLE ID- 7




TA98+S9 100 095 056 055 066

TA98-S9 095 100 056 050 063

BAP 056 056 100 046 096

COR 055 050 046 100 054

BZO 066 063 096 054 100

PBF 033 035 006 073 013

BRF 043 043 028 077 037

KF 027 033 014 053 018

ZNF 034 047 010 028 015

FEF 021 032 -009 033 -008

SIF 005 016 -012 009 -015

CLF -031 -028 000 -015 -005

NIF 010 019 -012 -013 -007

SF 022 020 026 -008 035

NO3 049 051 030 000 044

co 055 058 028 072 034

NO 051 042 038 071 047

NO2 040 043 010 070 016

03 -050 -047 -041 -050 -053

so2 001 009 -009 -027 -004



-32e-

Factor Analysis











-4





data
















-33-

TABLE ill-8


Factor I Factor 2

PBF (095) NIF (088)

BRF (093) SIF (063)

KF (090) FEF (061)

FEF (0 71) ZNF (042)

SIF (053)

ZNF (048)




Factor 3

SF (084)

N0 - (083)3

ZNF (025)

Factor 4

CLF (096)

ZNF (030)

12

Secondary Aerosols

factors

10

Sea Salt

Sum 81


-33a-

TABLE ill- 9




Interpretation

KF (092)

PBF (090)

FEF (083)

BRF (081)

SIF (080)

NO (028)3

40


Nitrate found

CLF (094) NIF (087)

ZNF (090) SIF (038)

No - (036) FEF (037)3

18 17


and (some) Soil

in three factors

SF (096)

BRF (038)

NO - (031)3

10 Sum 85

Secondary so=

4Aerosols


-33b-

TABLE ill- 10



BRF (095) NIF (081)

PBF (093) SIF (080)

KF (089) FEF (066)

ZNF (0 72) ZNF (034)

FEF (067) KF (027)

SIF (040)



Soil


SF (087)

NO - (087)3

NIF (034)

ZNF (028)

CLF (099)

11

Secondary Aerosols

9

Sea Salt

Sum 86


-33c-








during the day NO3




-








i Mutagenic Density











-34-

TABLE ID-11



PBF (094) NIF (084) NO - (082)3

CLF (094) SF (090)

BRF (093) FEF (060) ZNF (052) ZNF (030) NO - (035)3

KF (090) SIF (060) SF (026) NIF (027)

FEF (0 72) ZNF (050)

SIF (056)

ZNF (037)




Refining and Soil

(NOtdeg-) and me

Salt (SO -)4


-34a-

TABLE m-12



PBF (095) CLF (095) NO - (087)3

NIF (086) SF (096)

KF (092) ZNF (091) BRF (031) SIF (053) BRF (030)

BRF (084) NO - (026)3

FEF (052

FEF (075)

SIF (0 71)




Sea Salt and Zinc

Secondary (NO -)

3

Oil Refining

and

Secondary(so =)

4

Soil


-34b-

TABLE ID- 13



BRF (094) NO - (088)3

PBF (092) SF (085)

KF (089) NIF (032)

ZNF (073) ZNF (028)

FEF (071)

SIF (047)

NIF (081)

SIF (072)

FEF (060)

ZNF (031)

KF (025)

CLF (091)




Soil


Sea Salt


-34c-













-




-















-35-




as well






present study








not clear

ii Coronene










-36-

TABLE ID- 14



BRF (091) NIF (081) SF (084) CLF (097)

PBF (090) FEF (0 78) NO - (083)3

ZNF (030)

KF (082) SIF (0 77) ZNF (026)

ZNF (041) ZNF (046)

SIF (035) KF (037)

PBF (032)

Coronene (089) (-024) (005) (-012)




-36a-

TABLE ill-15



PBF (095) NO - (082)3

NIF (086) CLF (096)

BRF (091) SF (080) SIF (052) ZNF (032)

KF (090) BRF (027) FEF (051)

FEF (079) ZNF (042)

SIF (062)

ZNF (049)

Benzan throne (028) (069) (-041) (-010)



Soil


-36b-













iii Benzanthrone




















-37-

iv Summary




soil (FEF SIF)


surface soil








Summary Statistics










-38-

TABLE ill-16


1982-1984


M398PS9 revm3 18 17 u 4 34

M398MS9 revm3 18 7 5 3 16



M398NRM revm3 12 4 1 3 5

NR98M3 12 045 017 033 069

BAP ngm3 18 02 02 01 05

BKF ngm3 18 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 18 10 06 04 18

COR ngm3 18 07 03 03 10

BZO ngm3 18 08 07 02 21

ORG microgm 3 17 35 25 16 73

TSP microgm3 17 57 19 24 70

NO microgm 3 17 78 35 40 118 so=

3 microgm 3 17 108 66 57 222

BRF 4

ngm3 18 42 24 9 66

PBF ngm3 18 209 125 52 407

BRFPBF 18 021 009 013 037

ZNF ngm3 18 28 23 9 68

KF ngm3 18 125 75 50 247

FEF ngm3 18 88 66 26 188

SIF ngm3 18 155 121 56 393

CLF ngm3 18 497 825 44 2172

NIF ngm3 18 7 5 2 15

SF ngm3 18 2506 2032 1074 6473

co ppm 18 12 02 09 14

NO pphm 18 15 10 03 30


-38a-

TABLE ill-17


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 14 8 3 25

M398MS9 3revm 18 7 4 1 12



M398NRM 3revm 12 3 1 2 4

NR98M3 12 032 010 Ol8 043

BAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 02

BKF 3ngm 18 01 0 01 01

BGP 3ngm 18 06 03 02 10

COR 3ngm 18 03 02 01 07

BZO 3ngm 18 05 03 02 09

ORG microgm 3 18 33 25 16 70

TSP 3microgm 18 77 29 35 124

No -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

18

18

18

79

107

45

51

52

28

32

68

12

178

204

101

PBF 3ngm 18 229 193 85 599

BRFPBF 18 023 011 016 041

ZNF 3ngm 18 24 8 16 40

KF ngm3 18 143 123 64 386

FEF 3ngm 18 177 121 38 357

SIF ngm3 18 463 354 120 952

CLF 3ngm 18 235 133 61 449

NIF 3ngm 18 15 7 6 27

SF 3ngm 18 1883 741 846 2915

co ppm

NO pphm 9 31 11 24 43

NO2 pphm 15 26 14 15 49

03 pphm 15 18 11 01 27

so2 pphm 15 14 11 05 34

-38b-

TABLE m-18


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 29 13 10 44

M398MS9 3revm 18 13 6 4 21



M398NRM 3revm 12 5 2 3 7

NR98M3 12 034 018 015 058

BAP 3ngm 18 03 03 01 08

BKF 3ngm 18 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 18 14 09 05 26

COR 3ngm 18 09 04 05 15

BZO 3ngm 18 11 11 02 32

ORG 3microgm 17 39 28 15 84

TSP 3microgm 18 54 12 38 74

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

73

61

53

28

14

31

47

50

25

126

89

108

PBF 3ngm 18 287 132 202 542

BRFPBF 18 018 008 013 034

ZNF 3ngm 18 20 9 9 31

KF 3ngm 18 137 102 76 339

FEF 3ngm 18 95 41 58 169

SIF 3ngm 18 209 95 134 387

CLF 3ngm 18 120 135 27 380

NIF 3ngm 18 3 2 2 6

SF 3ngm 18 1364 721 641 2614

co ppm 18 12 04 05 17

NO pphm 18 23 13 03 42

NO 2 pphm 18 31 09 20 45

03 pphm 18 19 09 03 28

so2 pphm 18 00 01 00 01

-38c-

TABLE ill- 19


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 23 9 ll 32

M398MS9 3revm 18 10 5 4 17



M398NRM 3revm 12 4 2 2 5

NR98M3 12 031 01 OlB 039

SAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 03

SKF 3ngm 18 01 aa 01 02

BGP 3ngm 18 08 05 03 17

COR 3ngm 18 06 04 02 12

BZO 3ngm 18 07 06 01 14

ORG microgm3 18 33 25 15 68

TSP 3microgm 18 67 18 52 101

NO3

so=4

BRF

3microgm 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

84

70

42

50

13

37

45

54

22

182

86

117

PSF 3ngm 18 244 182 109 605

SRFPBF 18 017 006 013 027

ZNF 3ngm 18 30 7 20 37

KF 3ngm 18 162 132 86 429

FEF 3ngm 18 153 88 48 256

SIF 3ngm 18 337 197 150 610

CLF 3ngm 18 188 141 59 393

NIF 3ngm 18 5 2 3 9

SF 3ngm 18 1437 613 516 2145

co ppm 18 09 04 06 17

NO pphm 18 13 10 04 28

NO2 pphm 18 22 10 09 37

03 pphm 18 25 13 01 41

SO2 pphm 18 01 01 00 02

-38d-



periods of sampling



















sites

-39-

2





stations











sources of COR













-40-

TABLE ill- 20


AT RICHMOND


TA98+59 100 093 069 o75 087

TA98-S9 093 100 072 056 083

BAP 065 072 100 026 091

COR o75 056 026 100 055

BZO 087 083 091 055 100

PBF 057 036 002 081 030

BRF 080 072 042 080 063

KF 052 031 009 064 015

ZNF 031 020 -003 056 030

FEF 038 018 -009 064 017

SIF 053 027 007 071 030

CLF -029 -024 -011 -018 -023

NIF 029 016 -004 021 012

SF 071 084 072 023 073

NO3 070 069 058 037 069

co 066 050 023 087 044

NO 083 078 067 076 077

NO2 059 040 016 067 036

03 -038 -046 -067 000 -054

502 075 067 0 73 053 078



-40a-

TABLE ID-21


AT MARTINEZ


TA98+S9 100 093 029 -001 049

TA98-S9 093 100 033 016 046

BAP 029 033 100 071 083

COR -001 016 071 100 063

BZO 049 046 083 063 100

PBF 013 033 057 084 046

BRF 033 048 073 085 067

KF 018 035 056 079 047

ZNF 014 034 035 054 023

FEF -003 017 043 077 028

SIF -016 002 036 073 022

CLF -032 -026 -025 -001 -024

NIF 010 012 -023 -019 -034

SF 051 051 004 -003 019

NO~- 063 057 016 -001 047

co NO 055 049 083 052 074

N02 029 051 042 074 033

03 -047 -054 -049 -037 -062

so2

074 059 041 -002 052



tco not measured

-40b-

TABLE ID-22


AT CONCORD


TA98+59 100 096 034 031 046

TA98-S9 096 100 042 017 049

BAP 034 042 100 018 095

COR 0o3l 017 018 100 035

BZO 046 049 095 035 100

PBF -014 -026 -027 070 -015

BRF 009 -005 016 o79 028

KF 005 -009 013 074 020

ZNF -013 -017 -003 -004 005

FEF ooo -011 -036 060 -030

SIF -007 -017 -012 062 -011

CLF -002 001 055 -006 052

NIF -002 -014 019 o77 023

SF -001 -007 041 002 0o46

NO -3

057 055 071 037 082

co 056 053 004 050 015

NO 033 026 021 075 036

NO2 004 004 -026 050 -024

03 -009 -011 -040 -011 -039

502 038 040 040 -008 031



-40c-

TABLE m-23


AT PITTSBURG


TA98+59 100 092 068 063 071

TA98-S9 092 100 075 057 071

BAP 068 075 100 083 085

COR 063 057 083 100 085

BZO 071 071 085 085 100

PBF 046 041 064 082 055

BRF 056 055 073 087 069

KF 049 040 050 076 056

ZNF 020 031 041 038 035

FEF 036 041 041 049 017

SIF 017 018 001 013 -021

CLF -031 -016 -007 -021 -006

NIF 073 064 049 057 056

SF 029 032 025 018 031

NO3 056 061 028 020 053

co 0 71 o 71 072 078 066

NO 059 051 055 056 042

NO2 025 023 059 074 049

03 -033 -050 -039 -012 -046

502 -025 -026 -032 -026 -051



-40lt3-











receptor area






be made

Summary Statistics








in Episode IV

-41-

TABLE ill-24



M398PS9 revm3 4 7 4 3 11




M398NRM revm3

NR98M3

BAP ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BKF ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BGP ngm3 4 04 01 02 05

COR ngm3 4 04 02 02 05

BZO ngm3 4 03 01 02 04

ORG microgm3 4 58 07 48 64

TSP microgm 3 4 37 11 24 52


PBF ngm3 4 148 58 85 202

BRFPBF 4 014 001 013 016

ZNF ngm3 4 24 12 9 37

KF ngm3 4 71 17 50 86

FEF ngm3 4 66 21 39 91

SIF ngm3 4 154 56 91 227

CLF ngm3 4 179 49 132 245

NIF ngm 3 4 6 8 2 18

SF ngm3 4 1671 316 1228 1955

co ppm 3 06 02 05 09

NO pphm 3 05 01 03 06

pphm 4 19 07 10 26NO2 03 pphm 4 25 02 22 27

pphm 4 02 02 00 05SOz

-41a-

TABLE ill- 25



M398PS9 3revm 4 24 7 16 32

M398MS9 3revm 4 10 2 8 13



M398NRM 3revm 4 4 l 3 5

NR98M3 4 043 010 036 058

SAP 3ngm 4 02 01 02 03

SKF ngm3 4 01 oo 01 01

SGP 3ngm 4 15 06 09 22

COR ngm3 4 11 03 07 15

SZO 3ngm 4 11 03 08 14

ORG microgm 3 4 74 07 68 84

TSP 3microgm 4 92 26 69 124

NO3 3microgm 4 85 14 75 106

so=4

SRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

67

95

11

27

58

56

79

117

PSF 3ngm 4 538 92 407 605

SRFPSF 4 017 003 013 020

ZNF ngm3 4 34 11 18 44

KF 3ngm 4 350 78 247 429

FEF ngm3 4 243 85 169 357

SIF 3ngm 4 512 221 387 843

CLF 3ngm 4 101 96 44 244

NIF 3ngm 4 12 5 6 17

SF ngm3 4 2025 713 1225 2773

co ppm 3 15 01 14 17

NO pphm 3 28 14 14 42

NO2 pphm 4 43 06 37 49

03 pphm 4 24 09 15 35

so2 pphm 4 03 04 00 09

-41b-

TABLE ID-26



M398PS9 revm3 4 13 6 7 19

M398MS9 3revm 4 6 2 4 9



M398NRM 3revm

NR98M3

BAP 3ngm 4 01 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 01

BGP 3ngm 4 07 02 05 09

COR 3ngm 4 06 01 05 07

BZO 3ngm 4 03 02 01 05

ORG microgm 3 4 17 02 15 20

TSP microgm 3 4 68 18 47 91

NO3 microgm 3 4 67 10 57 80

so -4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

71

43

14

9

53

32

83

53

PBF ngm3 4 254 16 236 274

BRFPBF 4 017 005 014 024

ZNF ngm3 4 31 26 9 68

KF 3ngm 4 132 41 76 171

FEF ngm3 4 192 81 101 277

SIF 3ngm 4 486 369 147 952

CLF ngm3 4 698 998 62 2173

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1040 254 746 1360

co ppm 3 10 04 06 13

NO pphm 3 11 06 04 14

NO2 pphm 3 28 02 25 30

03 pphm 3 32 07 28 41

SO2 pphm 3 01 01 00 02

-4ic-

TABLE ill- 27



M398PS9 revm 4 25 15 9 44

M398MS9 revm 4 12 7 4 21



M398NRM revm 4 2 1 2 3

NR98M3 4 030 026 015 069

BAP ngm 4 01 01 01 02

BKF ngm 4 01 00 01 01

BGP ngm 4 05 04 03 11

COR ngm 4 03 03 01 07

BZO ngm 4 03 03 01 07

ORG microgm3 3 16 01 15 17

TSP microgm 3 3 62 13 54 77

NO3- microgm3 3 57 01 57 58

so=4

microgm3 3 63 18 50 84

BRF ngm 4 23 11 9 32

PBF ngm 4 146 67 52 207

BRFPBF 4 016 002 014 018

ZNF ngm 4 18 9 9 28

KF ngm 4 94 29 55 124

FEF ngm 4 124 76 26 188

SIF ngm 4 292 203 56 487

CLF ngm 4 93 90 27 227

NIF ngm 4 10 12 2 27

SF ngm 4 1414 561 641 1902

co ppm 3 11 02 09 13

NO pphm 4 18 10 03 25

NO2 pphm 4 20 12 09 33

03 pphm 4 23 05 16 28

so2 pphm 4 04 06 oo 12

-41d-

TABLE ffi- 28




M398MS9 3revm 4 9 4 6 15




NR98M3 4 036 006 029 043

BAP 3ngm 4 02 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 02

BGP 3ngm 4 10 04 05 15

COR ngm3 4 06 03 03 09

BZO 3ngm 4 08 02 05 10

ORG microgm3 4 18 02 16 19


NO3 so -

4 BRF

3microgm

microgm 3

3ngm

4

4

4

65

92

41

14

32

11

47

54

28

77

130

52

PBF ngm3 4 218 79 137 310

BRFPBF 4 021 008 015 033

ZNF ngm3 4 23 5 16 27

KF ngm3 4 91 23 64 120

FEF ngm3 4 97 25 73 120

SIF 3ngm 4 162 46 112 202

CLF ngm 3 4 171 153 43 393

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1097 536 516 1753

co ppm 3 13 05 07 17

NO pphm 4 22 08 11 30

NO2 pphm 4 26 06 22 35

03 pphm 4 26 01 24 27

so2 pphm 4 03 06 aa 11

-41e-

TABLE ill-29



M398PS9 revm3 4 33 8 25 43

M398MS9 3revm 4 16 3 12 19



M398NRM 3revm 4 5 l 4 7

NR98M3 4 033 001 032 035

BAP 3ngm 4 04 03 02 08

BKF ngm3 4 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 4 15 09 06 26

COR 3ngm 4 07 03 03 11

BZO 3ngm 4 18 11 09 32

ORG microgm 3 4 22 09 16 35


NO3 3microgm 4 150 34 118 18l

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

150

52

73

18

85

31

222

67

PBF ngm3 4 150 49 108 202

BRFPBF 4 035 006 028 041

ZNF ngm3 4 23 6 17 31

KF 3ngm 4 114 22 94 145

FEF ngm3 4 47 8 38 58

SIF 3ngm 4 139 17 120 154

CLF ngm3 4 319 45 282 380

NIF 3ngm 4 5 l 3 6

SF ngm3 4 3537 1983 2145 6473

co ppm 3 12 02 10 13

NO pphm 4 27 15 07 43

NO2 pphm 4 19 03 15 23

03 pphm 4 02 01 01 04

so2 pphm 4 10 16 oo 34

-41pound-













prevailed













proportion




VI)

-42-

--- --- -------





should be limited
























-43-

TABLE III-30


0600 August 23-1800 August 24 1982


TA98+S9 100 090 000 052 033

TA98-S9 090 100 000 066 033

BAP 000 000 000 -aa 000

COR 052 066 000 100 059

BZO 032 033 000 059 100

PBF 097 088 000 056 040

BRF 087 082 000 059 068

KF 029 026 000 -041 -017

ZNF 083 061 000 018 004

FEF 032 003 000 -026 006

SIF 020 -003 000 -037 -010

CLF -032 -043 000 -049 003

NIF -026 -046 000 -049 -029

SF 029 006 000 -053 -038

NO -3 085 085 000 055 017

co 028 017 000 044 001

NO 037 017 OD 055 023

NO2 089 075 000 000 014

03 048 038 000 019 -013

so2 -014 -044 000 -056 -045




-43a-




TA98+S9 100 o71-H- 059 080 084

TA98-S9 071 100 078 053 068

BAP 059 078 100 071 082

COR 080 053 071 100 091

BZO 084 068 082 091 100

PBF 064 085 077 066 o73

BRF 067 084 084 073 080

KF 059 058 062 057 069

ZNF 050 070 037 031 040

FEF 039 075 057 027 043

SIF 013 032 028 015 023

CLF -032 005 -016 -039 -035

NIF -019 016 -024 -046 -040

SF -036 -007 -038 -061 -051

NO -3 050 025 010 020 026

co 082 086 081 080 092

NO 052 046 056 083 070

NO2 039 068 066 053 052

03 -007 -053 -056 -032 -033

so2 -022 -007 -005 -024 -013



-43b-

TABLE ID-32


1800 May 17-0600 May 19 1983


TA98+S9 100 098 -037 046 -024

TA98-S9 098 100 -033 049 -017

BAP -037 -033 100 021 072

COR 046 049 021 100 056

BZO -024 -017 072 056 100

PBF 044 047 028 081 067

BRF 006 004 028 066 058

KF -038 -032 041 004 047

ZNF -003 002 016 041 055

FEF -001 007 062 009 057

SIF -022 -018 070 -017 045

CLF -066 -073 -017 -033 -017

NIF -041 -030 049 010 079

SF -040 -033 070 003 068

NO -3 015 026 040 049 061

co -003 -006 000 070 063

NO 003 006 000 083 070

NO2 040 045 000 073 078

03 019 025 000 -018 -011

so2 034 038 000 020 043



-43c-

TABLE ill-33



TA98+59 10 097 061 068 070

TA98-S9 097 100 062 065 074

BAP 061 062 100 086 089

COR 068 065 086 100 080

BZO 070 074 089 BO 100

PBF 068 070 063 041 063

BRF 051 056 048 026 0-52

KF 040 048 006 001 006

ZNF 028 029 -021 -031 -024

FEF 037 041 -006 -019 -002

SIF 025 029 -019 -033 -017

CLF -031 -025 021 -015 -009

NIF -012 -009 -039 -053 -010

SF -054 -048 -056 -0 70 -049

NO -3 033 038 -015 003 014

co 052 054 035 058 045

NO 047 039 000 006 009

NO2 057 060 058 047 082

03 010 013 -045 -030 -035

502 002 006 -029 -042 -002



-43d-

TABLE ill- 34



TA98+S9 100 096-H- 062 079-H- 083-H-

TA98-S9 096-H- 100 051 064 070

BAP 062 051 100 061 062

COR 079 064 061 100 094

BZO 083-H- 070 062 094-ll- 100

PBF 050 041 030 062 066

BRF 027 018 025 OSi 056

KF 013 003 016 050 048

ZNF 061 055 021 065 081

FEF -002 -004 006 003 024

SIF -004 -002 009 -002 022

CLF -050 -039 -031 -045 -047

NIF -025 -029 013 -014 004

SF 014 003 009 053 040

NO -3 029 030 -007 005 014

co 081 070 051 083 071

NO 061 054 024 057 065

NO2 o79-H- 081 068 045 054

03 004 006 -040 011 012

so2 -051 -049 -023 -053 -043



-43e-

TABLE ill- 35




TA98+S9 100 091 031 085 048

TA98-S9 091-lE- 100 039 081-lE- 050

BAP 031 039 100 D54 096

COR 085-lE- 081 054 100 067

BZO 048 050 096 067 100

PBF 053 040 018 060 025

BRF 036 024 031 046 033

KF 010 -003 022 015 020

ZNF -031 -026 -023 -026 -030

FEF 027 013 -010 026 001

SIF -003 -005 004 003 -001

CLF -034 -048 027 -017 018

NIF -006 -010 -027 -041 -024

SF 004 -000 -006 005 -004

NO -3 -014 -007 -040 -056 -040

co 044 051 021 060 024

NO 003 -001 027 008 020

NO2 040 029 052 050 057

03 053 051 -013 045 001

so2 -032 038 -029 -058 -041



-43pound-

D Conclusions






-









by HNO3







with NO3










-44-










-45-

CHAPTER IV




A Introduction





















I-2)




-46-










Costa County (618)


















-47-







decribed (18)


















= at



fossil fuels is so2




=

Seasonal Variations



-48-

I

TABLE IV-1



Station


TA98P 3revm 15 11 (7) 11 (7) 10 (7)

TA98M 3revm 15 6 (3) 6 (3) 6 (4)

TA98NRP 3revm 15 5 (3) 6 (3) 5 (3)

TA98NRM 3revm 15 3 (2) 2 (1) 2 (1)

TA98NRMTA98M 15 042 (022) 040 (030) 043 (034)

SAP 3ngm 15 03 (03) 06 (08) 02 (02)

SKF 3 ng 1m 15 02 (02) 03 (03) 02 (02)

SGP 3ngm 15 15 (13) 21 (21) 11 (10)

COR 3

ngm 15 10 (09) 12 (12) 07 (06)

BZO 3ngm 15 05 (06) 11 (15) 06 (08)

ORG 3microgm 15 37 (15) 51 (39) 34 (16)

MASS (TSP) 3microgm 15 57 (9) 51 (15) 64 (13)


NO -3

3microgm 14 48 (24) 60 (25) 66 (29)

so -4

3microgm 14 74 (17) 52 (13) 66 (15)



-48a-

TABLE IV-2



Station


Mean SD March-June

Mean so July-Oct

Mean SD

- I

TA98P

TA98M

TA98NRP

TA98NRM

TA98NRMTA98M

BAP

SKF

BGP

COR

BZO

ORG

MASS (TSP)

LEAD (Hi Vol)

N03

so=4

3revm

3revm

3revm

3revm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3microgm

3microgm

microgm 3

microgm3

3microgm

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

14

7

8

3

053

09

05

35

18

19

69

64

042

86

68

(8)

(4)

(2)

(1)

(033)

(06)

(02)

(15)

(10)

(11)

(25)

(13)

(015)

(22)

(22)

8

5

3

2

039

01

01

06

05

01

24

50

019

36

57

(6)

(3)

(2)

(1)

(027)

(002)

(004)

(03)

(03)

(01)

(09)

(10)

(004)

(08)

(11)

11

5

5

2

033

01

01

07

05)

02

28

58

022

50

68

(5)

(2)

(2)

(1)

(014)

(003)

(003)

(02)

(03)

(01)

(10)

(13)

(10)

(12)

(13)



-48b-


4 -














studies

















-49-






Trends








=















-50-


CI)

~

LI I ()

0 Pl J I

D lt w _J

1 0

09

08

01

o 6

o 5

o 4

o 3

02

o 1

o 0

lt I I-


COMPOSITE PERIOD



12 0

Figure IV-2

10 0

cw 8 0

~

L) I )

Ul 0 tr I w 6 0

I-lta I-1--4

z 4 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


oven

1-f

lt I

N

Q) --0 rO

-shy rO gt rO

+J 0 z


90 __


80

70

60 CI)

~

~ ~ so w~~~~~~~ W~4w I~ U1 40 ()

lt ~

30

20

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

ro micro 0 z


120r-------------------------


1--lt


Cl) 8 0 E

- I J ltu-- I

0 p


QJ --0 ro --



COMPOSITE PERIOD


120-------------------------

10 0

Cl)

~ 80

L)

I l5 0

middot~(1)

601 ~ I


~ ~ I fU1 u z lt L) Ck 4 0 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


5 0





CL 3 0 lt

I CDu- _0 Hi w lt

II 2 5 0)z w 0 gt- 2 0 CL lt -J 1 50

z w CD

N

ldegr o 5 -



COMPOSITE PERIOD

~

L) z

I l5l 0

LO I w z

w z a a u


50 I



35

3 0 I--lt

lt I

---J2 5

2 0

15

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

05


50 _______________________


4 5




3 0 I D u 0) lt 1 0

~ I CXlw 25

z D n J 2 0 1-z lt 1 5 N z w 0)

1 0

o 5



COMPOSITE PERIOD



m E -


were

gt w 10 0 ~

I lJ1 0 I-middot I

-_ 0) U)

I--lt

lt I

lD

I CD 01 lt I- lt I-

50

J ~


r lt r lt pound

JUL L r pound

NOV lt L r -lt




NOV MAR L lt r lt

JUL lt lt

NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD


300-------------------------

25 0


m ~



gt w 200 0

I 1--1 Ul 0 u

I

r- 0) () 15 0

lt I

0

+ CD 0) lt I- lt 10 0 I-J E

5 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


250 cq

gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=5 a=-79199920 s=2885 1608I gt-


f--w A D MUTAC-S9)


A A A e_11=2 7078 r=0 7944

~ 50

00a--bull----------------------------------1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=S a=-7781 7600 a=1492 4784middot I-lt


l

I (J) 150z

LlJ D MUTAC-S9)


LlJ n=5 lt ~ a=-38422800 e=981 2984

b=l9410 e11=0 4951I-) e_=1 5657 r-=09147E

-

5 0


1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




(lJ

gt e MUTA(+S9)


n=5 1---ia=-39846460 e=1541 0467I gt-




bull

bull bull



00-------------------------------------

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

bullbull


1 0


~



MAR-JUN

I V1 0

~

00 0) lt f--~ z 00 0) ltf-

o 9

o 8

07

o 6 r-

o 5

o 4

o 3

o 2

o 1

o 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

lt I

--- ~

TABLE IV-3





Pittsburg 36 (22) 52 (35) 101 (49) 114 (34) 195 (93)

Richmond 66 (50) 114 (84) 69 (41) 136 (20) 187 (82)

Concord 45 (31) 81 (60) 97 (64) 145 (34) 188 (140)

3-Station Average 49 (34) 82 (61) 89 (48) 131 (29) 190 (65)


TABLE IV-4










-Sop-

TABLE IV-5



TA98 + 59 Versus


bull Pittsburg

bull Richmond

092

069

38

26

36

7

0009

008

bull Concord 098 35 134 0001






093 33 41 0008

-50q-






= 3























-51-































-52-


































-53-













D Conclusions




Pb NO3




measured








mutageni city

-54-





conditions









-55-

REFERENCES



351-359








Res 76143-164






Office








12233-232

-56-





Res 31 347-364






755






1984











-57-



























-58-



172565-2573



027a














Sci (USA) 72979-983







Res 114217-267

-59-










Mut 4531-541








Environ (in press)



Environ 18205-213







-60-



Toxicol 32 688-692





-61-

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

APPENDIX IV

APPENDIX V



(1982-1984)






Nov 1979-0ct 1984



-62-

APPENDIX I



DATE 82382


0300 285

0400 285

0500 285

0600 270

0700 270

0800 285

0900 285

1000 285

1100 285

1200 285

1300 300

1400 270

1500 270

1600 270

1700 270

1800 270

1900 255

2000 255

2100 285

2200 285

2300 270

2400 255

12

11

10

8

7

10

12

14

12

12

12

12

12

12

10

9

8

7

6

8

9

9

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400


82482

DRCTN SPEED(m[h)

255 9

240 7

240 8

240 8

240 7

240 8

240 7

255 7

270 11

270 13

270 14

285 13

285 13

285 12

270 11

255 10

255 9

270 10

270 9

240 7

210 3

270 6

240 2

60 1


DATE 101282 101382 101482


0100 195 2 0100 225 2

0200 195 2 0200 225 2

0300 240 3 0300 270 4

0400 255 3 0400 270 4

0500 240 3 0500 285 4

0600 VRBL 1 0600 285 6

0700 VRBL 1 0700 285 8

0800 VRBL 1 0800 285 9

0900 VRBL 1 0900 285 10

1000 60 5 1000 285 10

1100 45 6 1100 285 10

1200 30 4 1200 285 10

1300 30 6 1300 285 9

1400 30 8

1500 30 10 1500 45 5

1600 45 8 1600 45 3

1700 45 6 1700 345 2

1800 60 2 1800 255 1

1900 VRBL 1 1900 225 3

2000 210 1 2000 270 3

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 285 3

2300 210 1 2300 255 3

2400 VRBL 1 2400 240 1


DATE 51783 51883 51983


0100 255 4 0100 VRBL 1

0200 255 4 02JO 210 1

0300 255 3 0300 150 1

0400 240 2 0400 195 2

0500 195 1 0500 VRBL 1

0600 VRBL 1 0600 210 2

0700 240 2 0700 VRBl 1

0800 240 3 0800 VRBL 1

0900 270 5 0900 VRBL 1

1000 300 5 1000 VRBL 2

1100 300 4 1100 030 8

1200 315 5 1200 030 9

1300 300 3 1300 030 10

1400 300 5 1400 030 10

1500 300 5 1500 030 8

1600 360 5 1600 300 6 1600 030 6

1700 300 7 1700 300 6 1700 030 6

1800 285 8 1800 285 4 1800 330 2

1900 285 7 1900 285 5 1900 300 5

2000 270 3 2000 285 6 2000 285 6

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6 2100 285 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 5 2200 225 3

2300 VRBL 1 2300 270 3 2300 210 1

2400 255 4 2400 VRBL 1 2400 VRBL 1


DATE 91283 91383 91483


0100 240 2 0100 270 5

0200 VRBL 1 0200 270 6

0300 VRBL ltl 0300 270 6

0400 255 1 0400 270 5

0500 270 2 0500 270 7

0600 VRBL 1 0600 270 7

0700 VRBL ltl 0700 270 7

0800 300 3 0800 270 7

0900 285 7

1000 285 8

1100 300 9

1200 300 9

1300 300 10

1400 300 10

1500 285 10

1600 285 9

1700 360 4 1700 270 9

1800 360 4 1800 270 9

1900 300 3 1900 8285

2000 VRBL 1 2000 270 8

2100 300 2 2100 270 8

2200 300 4 2200 285 4

2300 285 4 2300 270 3

2400 300 2 2400 270 7


DATE 10483 10583 10683


0100 VRBL 1 0100 255 7

0200 225 2 0200 240 8

0300 150 2 0300 240 5

0400 195 2 0400 255 5

0500 255 1 0500 255 6

0600 240 2 0600 210 2

0700 210 1 0700 255 5

0800 240 3 0800 270 7

0900 300 4 0900 240 5

1000 300 5 1000 315 5

1100 270 9 1100 315 4

1200 270 9 1200 315 3

1300 240 10 1300 345 4

1400 240 8 1400 360 3

1500 240 7 1500 360 4

1600 225 8 1600 345 3

1700 285 5 1700 225 9

1800 270 2 1800 240 5

1900 270 5 1900 225 8

2000 270 6 2000 255 8

2100 270 3 2100 255 4

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 7

2300 MISSING 2300 270 7

2400 MISSING 2400 255 7


DATE 1484 1584 1684


0100 060 6 0100 045 7

0200 060 7 0200 045 8

0300 060 5 0300 045 8

0400 060 6 0400 045 8

0500 045 6 0500 045 8

0600 045 6 0700 060 7

0700 045 middot 6 0800 045 6

0800 045 6

0900 045 5

1000 045 6

1100 060 6

1200 045 7

1300 045 6

1400 060 7

1500 030 6

1600 015 5

1700 015 4 1700 030 6

1800 015 4 1800 030 5

1900 015 4 1900 030 6

2000 030 4 2000 030 5

2100 030 5 2100 045 6

2200 030 5 2200 045 7

2300 030 6 2300 045 5

2400 030 6 2400 045 6














Oct 1982 T 12 96 27 15 76 84 86 265 288 265 LVI 12 18 9 W 13 10 9 23 17 76 87 88 265 270 275 LVI

Th 14 151 23 1 7 62 74 75 202 222 215 WI NWI 12 15 9

May 1983 T 17 78 32 31 82 88 86 460 516 500 NI W2 15 13 6 W 18 12 1 29 34 76 87 90 433 492 485 SEI NWI 14 15 8

TH 19 66 30 34 88 92 90 469 528 490 LVI NES 10 8 2


Oct 1983 w 5 83 49 30 74 78 86 282 351 306 SI W3 10 15 15

TH 6 94 28 22 78 80 82 274 336 227 NW2 Wl 6 13 13

Jan 1984 w 4 79 81 1 0 58 54 62 141 144 125 EI NE2 8 11 9

TH 5 82 67 1 4 54 51 57 142 72 110 NEI SE2 14 15 10 F 6 80 76 1 0 54 49 56 160 81 85 EI NW2 19 20 14




TA98P 72 1984166665 12 01082550 1428 5999988 0 60000000 58 39999998

TA9BM 72 9 14166666 5 67484565 658 1999995 o 40000000 26 79999995 -~--~bull~----- ---------- -~- --------

13AP 72 020000000 0 24321786 14 4000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

COR 72 0 58055556 0 39B81475 418000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

130 72 0 75000000 0 85B26553 540000000 o 10000000 5 10000000 1middot

PI3F 72 239 69152778 177 68068817 17257 7900000 17 00000000 950 00000000 I

13RF 72 44 50416667 34 50425341 3204 3000000 600000000 18400000000


ZNF 72 24 71250000 1920486248 17793000000 300000000 123 00000000 I FEF 72 12533472222 101 30239095 9024 1000000 1200000000 45000000000


CLF 72 288 53888889 527 75181308 207748000000 12 00000000 305000000000

NIF 72 7 79722222 883981027 561 4000000 200000000 4800000000

SF 72 1794 80000000 1319 22627505 1292256000000 442 00000000 7640 00000000 -- -----

N03 71 7 59577465 4 67578676 5392999998 3 00000000 24 50000000

co 54 1 09999985 0 46702578 59 3999917 0 19999999 2 79999924

NO 63 1 79047593 1 46702605 112 7999833 0 6 39999962 1 N02 69 2 59420248 1 27543350 178 9999712 o 09999996 629999924 I~

~ 03 69 l 99565192 1 45535861 137 6999827 0 5 89999962

802 69 0 36811586 0 75078232 25 3999946 0 4 29999924 I middotbull

1 I1 r-






BRF ---- ---------


ZNF FEF SIF


CLF NIF I a

I J1

TA98P 1 00000 0 0000

72

094186 0 0)01

72

0 45133 0 0001

72

0 54114 0 0001

72

060456 0 0001

72

0 27814 00180

72

039989 0 0005

72

0 26186 00263

middot 72

0 11718 03270

middot- 72

008699 0 4675

72

-001756 -026919 -009966 08836 00222 o 4049


ibull 16

I middotbull

TA98M 0 94186 l 00000 0 48788 043885 0 59108 0 24562 037749 021840 0 12304 o 12537 001425 -022215 -007457 11

0 0001 0 0000 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00376 00011 00653 0 3032 02940 09054 00607 0 5336 1-i

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 1


0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 0011 o 0001 0 5144 00099 0 1959 09493 0 5435 0 5636 09072 03282 I B

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 19

(

COR 0 54114 0 0001

72

0 43885 0 0001

72

037608 0 0011

72

1 00000 00000

72middotmiddot

0 55756 0 70548 073679 0 5B534 0 26894 0 0001 00001 00001 00001 00224


028486 00153

72

0 13409 -o 14507 -020329 02615 02240 0 0868


jI

i bullmiddot

BO 0 60456 0 59108 092099 0 55756 1 00000 0 19453 0431366 0 25566 008036 -005102 -008937 -0 05174 -o 11664 I~ Fgt

1n fl

Imiddotmiddotbull I

fBF

0 0001 72

0 27814 00180

72

0 0001 72

o 2462 00376

72

0 0001 72

o oeHt 0 5144

72

00001 00000 0 1015 00001 0 0302 middot 0 5022 middot 06704 0 4553 0 6660 03292 1-9

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 I o


If

middot BRF 0 39989

0 0005 72

0 37749 0 0011

72

030205 0 0)99

72

0 73679 0 0001

72-

043866 o 0001

72

0 90353 0 0001

72

1 0IJ000 0 82557 0 42057 00000 00001 0 0002

12-- -- 72--middot- 72

060402 0 0001

72

0 40616 -0 01936 0 14256 00004 08718 02322


Hbull

1 middot-middot i

~bull

KF 0 26186 021840 0 15420 0 58534 025566 083143 082557 1 00000 0 43057 o 69375 0 56748 000848 020696 00263 00653 0 1959 00001 00302 00001 00001 00000 00002 00001 0 0001 09437 00811

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

ZNF 011718 0 3270

72

0 12304 -0 00763 0 3032 09493

72 72

0 26894 0 0224

72


72

0 49237 0 0001

72

0middot42557-00002

72


72 72

0 51 986 0 0001

72

03036B 00095

72

middotO 07131--0 5516

72

030021 0 0104

72

middot-- ---f

- i

FEF 0 08699 0 12537 -007278 0 28486 -005102 0 73638 060402 069375 0 51986 1 00000 0 87518 -0 13744 044345 0 4675 0 2940 0 5435 00153 0 6704 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0001 00000 00001 0 2496 00001

I


SIF -001756 001425 -006918 0 13409 -008937 0 52051 0 40616 0 56748 03036B 0 87518 1 00000 -o 10739 0 37160 0 8836 0 9054 0 5636 02615 0 4553 0 0001 00004 00001 00095 0 0001 00000 0 3692 00013

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 i 103


0 0222 0 0607 09072 02240 06660 02149 08718 0 9437 0 5516 0 2496 03692 00000 0 4785 middotbull~

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

NIF -o 09966 0 4049

72

-o 07457 0 5336

72

-0 11687 0 3282

72

-o 20329 0 0868

72

-o 11664 03292

72

0 18383 0 1222

72

0 14256 02322

72

0 20696 0 0811

72

0 30021 0 0104

72

0 44345 0 0001

72

0 37160 -0 08486 0 0013 0 4785

72 72

1 00000 00000

72middot middot ---

11

-middot ~

middotc




SF 0 21728 0 23319 0 27653 0 03011 0 36289 0 03302 0 24073 0 14947 0 14618 -0 07158 -0 03584 -o 03273 0 21207 li 0 0667 0 0487 0 0187 0 8017 0 0017 0 7830 0 0417 02101 02205 0 5502 0 7650 0 7849 0 0737 bull

12 12 12 12- 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 I middot --j

ND3 0 49496 0 51066 0 32107 0 14935 0 47658 -0 03134 0 16413 0 16149 0 22443 -0 08395 -0 07644 -0 01536 0 04641

00001 71

00001 71

00063 71

02138 71

00001 71

07953 71

01714 71

01785 71

00599 71

04864 71

05264 71

08989 71

07007 71

1t Ii

CQ 0 54527 0 0001

0 51478 0 0001

0 22569 0 1008

0 71090 0 0001

0 36294 o 0070

0 63471 0 0001


0 33739 - 0 0126

0 40650 0 0023

0 20033 0 1464

-0 05903 0 6716-

0 25321 0 0647 middot- -middot -

I

-1 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54

gt ND 0 51037 0 44927 033604 049429 044249 0 48813 064595 0 37869 0 12802 027377 0 19516 -0 15416 0 14321 middot11

0 0001 0 0002 0 0071 00001 00003 00001 0 0001 0 0022 03174 0 0299 0 1253 0 2277 0 2628 bull


ND2 0 32113 031262 0 10563 060602 0 17894 082420 069757 0 60710 043082 063826 047300 -0 12231 024964 i~ 0 0071

69 0 0089

69 0 3877

69 0 0001

69 0 1413

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 -0 0002

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 0 3167

69 0 0386

69

- 1 t J

I 03 -0 27144 -0 35349 -0 40103 -O 1~963 -0 43105 -0 00401 -0 21271 0 04710 0 11161 0 18520 0 1901 -0 05802 0 07773 11


802 0 04063 0 05412 -o 02478 -0 27496 -0 02399 -o 08152 0 06775 0 01647 0 04868 0 06690 0 12398 -0 03378- 0 33455 ---1 0 7403

69 0 6587

69 0 8398

69 0 0222

69 o 8449

69 0 5055

69 0 5802

69 0 8932

69 0 6912

69 0 5850

69 0 3101

69 0 7B29 0 0050 fi


SF N03 CO ND N02 03 S02

TA98P 0 21728 049496 0 54527 0 51037 032113 -027144 004063 0 0667

72 0 0001

71 0 0001

54 0 0001

63 0 0071

69 0 0241

69 0 7403

- 69-- -------- - - - - ---1

llltI--- - -- _lI


00487 00001 00001 00002 00089 00029 ~6587 -~ 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 I

3AP 0 27653

o 0101 0 32107

o 0063 0 22569

o 1000 0 33604 -

o 0011 010563 -0 40103 -0 02478-


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42 42 33 39 42 42 42

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2 70000000

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TA98M 0 91598 1 00000 0 74963 0 56550 0 71316 0 41446 0 54966 0 40132 0 30860 0 40986 0 18496 -O 15585 064087 00001 0 0000 0 0003 0 0145 0 0009 0 0873 00181 0 0988 02128 00912 0 4625 0 5369 00042 -


COR 0 63507 0 56550 082866 100000 084966 082039 087254 0 75878 037503 049121 0 12672 -021349 O 57042 00046 0 0145 0 0001 00000 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0003 0 1252 0 0384 0 6163 - 0 3950 middot00134

BO 0 70777 0 71316 084923 084966 100000 0 54649 068519 0 55828 034814 0 17373 -021593 -005853 0 55791 0 0010 0 0009 0 0001----0 0001 0 0000 0 0189 - 0 0017 -- 00160~-01568--middot---04906 middot---0-3895--- 09176--00161----_------



3

KF 0 48713 040132 049209 075878 0 55828 0 82598 087204 1 00000 028700 0 63164 041478 -0 13133 0 59330 a

0 0403 0 0988 0 0380 0 0003 o 0160 0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 2482 0 0049 0 0870 0 6035 middot- 0 0094 --


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FEF 035988 040986 040720 049121 0 17373 0 74449 0 69153 0 63164 026191 100000 082141 -0 35441 0 51473 0 1424 0 0912 00935 0 0384 0 4906 00004 00015 0 0049 02938 0 0000 00001 0 1490 00288 -


CLF -031142 -O 15585 -007288 -021349 -005853 -022037 -0 14037 -0 13133 -0 12697 -035441 -033167 1 00000 -025158 0 2084 0 5369 0 7736 0 3950 0 8176 0 3796 0 5785 0 6035 0 6156 0 1490 0 1788 middot 0 0000 0 3139 -


middot SF 0 28894 0 31765 0 24930 0 18004 0 30830 0 16776 0 21522 0 16711 0 63384 -0 12749 -0 23080 -0 17360 0 21072 0 2449 0 1990 0 3185 0 4747 0 2132 0 5058 0 3911 0 5075 00047 06142 03568 0 4909 0 4013

N03 0 55567 0 0167

0 61048 0 0071

0 27834 0 2634

020313 0 4188

0 52764 0 0244

-0 12527 0 6204

0 03163 0 9008

0 03703 0 8840 middot

0 10979 middotO 6645

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0 09971 033508 0 6938 ---middotO 1741-----~ middotf

co 0 70534 0 0011

0 70511 0 0011

0 72011 0 0008

0 77904 0 0001

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0 81431 0 0001

0 68611 0 0017

0 69558 00013

0 59428 0 0093

0 27833 -021896 02634 0 3827

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0 50579 0 0322

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0 56017 0 0156

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03 -033221 -049548 -038254 -0 12175 -045888 -000093 -0 13765 0 12685 -o 18999 023454 045794 -020550 -006538 0 1780 00365 0 1172 06303 00554 09971 0 5860 06160 0 4502 03489 00560 04133 0 7966

S02 -025143 -025953 -032437 -026536 -050654 -001752 -o 13897 -o 03603 0 10613 0 28547 048439 -021512 -020854 03142 0 2983 0 1891 02872 0 0319 0 9450 0 5823 08871 06751 02508 00416 03913 0 4063

-- middot~- ------ -----~-~F N03 co NO N02 03 802

TA98P 0 28894 0 55567 0 70534 0 58992 025001 -o 33221 -025143 0 2449 00167 0 0011 00100 03170 0 1780 03142


TA98M 031765 061048 0 70511 0 50579 022673 -049548 -025953 1 0 1990 0 0071 0 0011 00322 0 3656 00365 02983


03185 02634 00008 0 0177 0 0104 0 1172 0 1891 i - -- --------

COR 0 18004 020313 0 77904 0 56017 0 74041 -0 12175 -026536 0 4747 04188 00001 00156 o 0004 06303 02872

I 1-middotmiddot

I 130 0 30830 0 52764 0 65976 0 42220 049444 -o 45888 -o 50654 0 2132 0 0244 0 0029 0 0809 o 0370 00554 00319


PBF 0 16776 -0 12527 0 77245 068843 083711 -000093 -001752 0 5058 06204 00002 00016 00001 09971 09450

13RF 021522 0 03163 081431 0 70372 0 76285 -o 13765 -0 13897 0 3911 0 9008 00001 00011 00002 0 5860 05823

--- -- ---------- ----middot- - ----- - -- --- middot- --~---- -- --- - - --- --- - ---

KF 0 16711 003703 068611 067002 045880 0 12685 -003603 0 5075 08840 00017 00023 00555 06160 0 8871

i ZNF 0 63384 0 10979 069558 037301 042236 -0 18999 0 10613I 00047 06645 00013 0 1274 o 0808 0 4502 06751


i FEF -0 12749 -026820 0 59428 062731 0 53119 023454 0 28547 06142 02819 0 0093 00053 00233 03489 02508 - - t

SIF -0 23080 -026761 0 27833 034285 006999 0 45794 0 48439 0 3568 0 2830 0 2634 0 1637 o 7826 00560 00416middot


CLF -0 17360 009971 -021896 -0 40289 -020935 -0 20550 -021512 le

0 4909 06938 0 3827 0 0974 o 4044 04133 03913

NIF 0 21072 0 33508 0 69202 0 58109 0 50099 -o 06538 -o 20854 170 4013 0 1741 00015 0 0114 00342 0 7966 0 4063

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SF 1 00000 0 46453 0 37823 0 07208 006238 -031989 0 0000 0 0521 0 1217 0 7762 0 8058 0 19561middot

ND3 0 46453 1 00000 0 24259 -0 18670 -0 14874 -~ 45076 00521 0 0000 0 3321 0 4582 0 5558 0 0605

co 0 37823 0 24259 1 00000 0 71631 0 54136 -0 14710 0 1217 03321 00000 00008 00203 0 5602

NO 007208 -0 18670 0 71631 1 00000 034371 0 02900 0 7762 0 4582 00008 0 0000 0 1626 09091

ND2 0 06238 -0 14874 0 54136 0 34371 1 00000 -0 07769 0 8058 0 5558 00203 0 1626 0 0000 0 7593


03 -o 31989 -045076 -o 14710 002900 -007769 1 00000 o 1956 00605 o 5602 0 9091 o 7593 0 0000


802

001000 09686


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0 04331 0 8645 middot

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middot- 802 001000 -o 36811 001855 0 04331 -0 12657 0 50537 1 00000 0 9686 0 1328 0 9418 0 8645 06167 0 0324 0 00001bullI



VARIABLE

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18

middotmiddot MEAN

15 53333332

STD DEV

1160724924


279 59999980


1 70000000

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2

3

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16

18

0 2222222

0 18888889

470526100

0 17111705

124 -99P5

3 40000000


o 10000000


JI0 70000000 12

COR 18 060555556 038267206 1089999999 o 10000000 1 60000000


PBF 18 191 83333333 142 44844269 345300000000 4900000000 57600000000


u

ZNF 18 23 16666667 2935432627 41700000000 3 00000000 123 00000000 I 2E

FEF 18 77 33333333 76 15309657 139200000000 1200000000 29000000000 12


3~ ~l~ 3gt

CLF 18 55633333333 921 65918162 1001400000000 1200000000 NIF 18 633333333 5 58358940 114 00000000 2 00000000 2000000000


N03 17 720588235 409946194 122 49999993 350000000 1629999995

co 18 1 15555547 036817857 20 79999846 o 50000000 209999943


N02 18 2 21111060 1 12453320 39 79999083 069999999 5 29999924 gt


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18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

TA98M 0 92786 l 00000 0 72027 0 55831 0 82658 0 36347 0 72067 0 30814 0 19909 0 183B1 0 27021 -o 24485 0 16441 00001 0 0000 0 0007 0 0160 00001 0 1382 0 0007 02135 0 4284 o 4653 02782 03275 0 5145

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 middot~ _ ~

IMP 0 694~9 0 72027 100000 026151 0 90959 0 02019 0 41595 0 08606 -003357 -0 09269 o 06630 -o 11526 -o 03899 0 0014 00007 0 0000 0 2945 o 0001 09366 00860 0 7342 08948 0 7145 0 7938 06488 0 0779

18 18 18 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

COR 0 74542 0 55831 026151 l 00000 0 55119 080568 0 79948 0 64018 0 55552 0 63819 0 71161 -0 17908 020556 0 0004 00160 0 29-45 -- 0 0000 0 0177 00001 00001 0 0042-- 00167 0 0044 - 0-0009-middot 0-4771 ---0 4132----~

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

BO 087202 082658 0 90959 0 55119 1 00000 030154 0 63241 0 29046 0 14882 0 16657 0 29835 -o 22686 middot 0 12310 --i 0 0001 0 0001 0 0001 0 0177 0 0000 0 240 00049 02423 0 5556 0 5089 02292 03653 0 6265


0 0127 0 1382 0 9366 0 0001 o 2240 0 0000 00001 0 0001 00010 0 0001 00001 0 6660 0 0110 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

KF 0 51850 0 30814 008606 064018 029046 0 87240 0 72937 1 00000 0 70005 087520 0 85297 0 12863 0 58343 0 0275 0 2135 0 7342 0 0042 0 2423 00001 0 0006 00000 00012 0 0001 00001 0 6110 0 0110

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -middotmiddot-----~-- --

ZNF 030529 0 19909 -003357 0 55552 0 14882 0 70828 0 59161 0 70005 1 00000 087145 0 54483 0 11953 0 54444 0 2180 0 4284 08948 0 0167 0 5556 00010 00097 00012 00000 0 0001 00194 0 6366 0 0195

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

FEF 0 38214 0 18381 -0 09269 063819 0 16657 083543 0 60433 0 87520 0 87145 100000 0 78481 -0 00453 0 61174 0 1176 0 4653 0 7145- 0 0044 0 5089 00001 00079 0 0001-- --0 0001 -0 0000 -- 0-0001 -- 0 9858----- 0 00-10----- ----1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18i1middotmiddot

SIF 0 52537 027021 0 06630 0 71161 029835 0 79259 0 58652 0 85297 0 5~483 0 78481 1 00000 -007886 0 51571 0 0252 0 2782 0 7938 0 0009 0 2292 00001 0 0105 00001 00194 0 0001 0 0000 0 7558 00285


CLF -0 28647 -o 24485 -o 11526 -0 17908 -022686 -o 10927 0 07669 0 12863 0 11953 -000453 -o 07886 1 00000 -0 20751 0 2491 03275 0 6488 0 4771 0 3653 06660 0 7623 06110 06366 0 9858 0 7558 0 0000 04087

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 29335 0 16441 -003899 0 20556 0 12310 0 58337 034274 0 58343 0 54444 0 61174 0 51571 -o 20751 1 00000 02374 0 5145 0 8779 0 4132 06265 0 0110 0 1638 0 0110 0 0195 o 0070 0 0285 04087 0 0000 -- --- -- ---

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




SF 0 71313 083969 0 71558 0 22603 o 72637 0 09862 0 44639 0 10128 -005963 -005255 0 12180 -030267 022105 00009 0 0001 00008 03671 0 0006 06970 00633 06892 0 8142 0 8359 06302 02222 03781


ND3 0 70324 0 68520 0 57713 037124 069133 0 40748 0 55993 0 54401 0 50399 0 50803 0 47233 -o 14438 061873 00016 00024 00153 0 1423 0 0021 0 1045 00194 00240 00391 0 0373 00556 0 5B04 0 0081

17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


2N02 0 59259 039963 0 16270 067239 035817 089205 078246 0 92474 074285 087231 080553 005950 064767 -2


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 3


3502 0 75127 0 67523 073330 0 52519 0 78480 0 37019 0 57116 0 50172 044426 0 49609 0 55138 -o 08942 029820 30 0003 00021 00005 0 0252 00001 0 1305 00133 00339 0 0647 00363 00177 0 7242 02294


SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 I~

TA98P 0 71313 o 70324 066396 083251 059259 -037864 075127 middot - --- - ----- -- -- - --- -- ------- -f

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middotTA98M 083969 0 68520 0 50083 0 77972 039963 -o 46393 067523

Cl 00001 00024 00343 00001 o 1004 00525 00021


00008 0 0153 03691 00023 o 5189 00024 00005 (

1B 17 18 18 18 18 18 6bull



i 18 17 18 18 18 18 18 o

130 0 72637 0 69133 0 43936 0 77128 035817 -o 54332 middoto 784Bo 00006 0 0021 00681 0 0002 o 1444 00198 0 0001

18 17 18 18 18 18 18 -------- lr

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- --- ---



SF N03

PBF 0 09862 0 40748 0 6970 0 1045

18 17

DRF 0 44639 0 55993 0 0633 0 0194

18 17

KF 0 10128 0 54401 0 6892 00240

18 17

ZNF -005963 0 50399 0 8142 0 0391

18 17

FEF -005205 0 50803 0 8359 0 0373

I 18 17 bull 1



02222 0 5804 18 17

NIF 0 22103 061873 0 3781 00081

18 17

i SF l 00000 0 64435 I 00000 00052

18 17 I


111 co 0 15196 0 31686Imiddot

0 5472 02153 18 17

NO 0 48753 0 43096 o 0401 0 0842

18 17

ND2 0 14107 0 59138 b 5766 0 0124

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18 0 0121

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0 78881 0 0001

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0 78246 -026944 0 0001 0 2796

18 18

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0 57116 00133

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0 0563 18

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-- 18 0 1255

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18--0 2151

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3018 18 18 18 18


0 0012 0 1217 0 0001 0 3555 0 0177 4 18 18 18 18 18 30


41

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0 11923 0 02979 064767 0 25318 0 29820 06375 0 9066 00037 03107 0 2294

4018 18 18 18 18 4


0 5472 00401 0 5766 00646 00134 18 18 18 18 18 -Imiddot

5bull1031686 0 43096 0 59138 -0 15354 0 78859 0 2153 00842 00124 0 5563 0 0002



18 18 18 18 18 lo=bull 1r1


18 18 18 18 18 ltP

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bull1110 70880 0 55764 1 00000 0 05266 0 59471 I 0 0010 0 0162 0 0000 0 8356 00092 71i


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03 -o 44444 -o 15354 -001013 -0 53711 005266 1 00000 -0 32031 bi 0 0646 0 5563 09682 00215 o 8356 00000 0 1950

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

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18 17 18 18 18 18 18

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TA9811

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CDR

N MEAN

18 27 34444442

18 12 22222221

18 o 32222222

18 0 87222222



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6 1gt9245012 219 99999975 3 40000000 2b 79999995 1~1 -

0 42086124 5 79999999 o 10000000 160000000 11

036267885 1569999999 030000000 160000000 H BO

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18 1 11gt111111

18 28700000000

18 52 00000000

130435420 20 89999999 o 10000000 5 10000000 1 111 14902348808 516600000000 8600000000 667 00000000 I J ~

I ~ middot1 I

1-middot11

3438B78066 93600000000 600000000 125 00000000

KF 18 13083333333

99 97249622 35500000000 3600000000 406-00000000 1middot1

ZNF

FEF

18 20 22222222

18 9322222222

middot bullbull 1


40 25030659 1678 00000000 2000000000 18000000000 -

SIF

CLF

NIF

SF

16 20amp50000000


18 266666667


--


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218 211H369 2277 00000000 1800000000 971 00000000 1


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ND3 18 704444444 -- - -----


co 18 1 19999973 0 39704784 a 59999514 o 19999999 189999962



03 18 1 62222203 1 55433184 29 19999653 0 4 59999943

602 18 o 03888888 I bullbullI

008498365 019999987 0 0 29999995- I I


--




TA98P 1 00000 0 95880 0 33769 030796 045622 -o 14393 008990 0 05364 -o 13524 0 00460 -o 06952 002155 -001755 00000 0 0001 0 1705 0 2138 00570 0 5688 07228 08326 0 5926 09855 o 7840 09324 09449

TA98H 0 95880 1 00000 041939 0 16604 049250 -026445 -004611 -0 08562 -0 17367 -0 11225 -0 16946 0 01194 -o 13945 00001 0 0000 00932 0 5102 00379 02889 08558 07355 04907 06574 0 5014 09625 0 5810 middot

BAP 0 33769 0 41939 1 00000 0 18156 095321 -o 26383 0 15729 0 13137 -0 03319 -0 35950 -0 12397 0 54944 0 18677 0 1705 o 0832 00000 0 4709 00001 02901 0 5331 06033 08960 0 1429 06241 00182 04580


BO 0 45622 0 49250 095321 035446 100000 -0 14965 028353 0 20042 0 04606 -0 30491 -0 11295 0 51501 022571 - 1

00570 00379 0 0001 0 1490 0 0000 0 5534 02542 04252 08560middot 02186 06554 00287 0 3678 1 Ibull

i iPBF -0 14393 -0 26445 -o 26383 070265 -0 14965 100000 0 84410 0 73014 0 17409 084866 0 75510 -o 11898 063813


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middot1 FEF 0 00460 -0 11225 -03~950 0 60364 -030491 084866 065601 0 70146 001902 100000 090712 -023023 060387


0 7840 05014 06241 00066 06554 00003 00009 00001 0 7926 00001 00000 08816 00003 i i iI

CLF 002155 001194 o 54944 -006136 0 51501 -0 11898 0 30259 o 22757 044606 -023023 003781 100000 001395 09324 0 9625 -middot- 0 0182 -08089 00287 06382 - o 2223 03638 00635 03580 08816 00000 - o-1562 - I


09449 0 5B10 0 4580 00002 0367B 00044 00010 00001middot 0 7607 00080 00003 09562 00000 NIF -0 01755 -o 13945 0 18677 0 77235 022571 063813 0 70691 0 91863 -0 07721 060387 0 74978 001395 1 00000

I SF

ND3

-0 00948 09702

0 57359 00128

-0 06773 0 7895

0 54898 00183

041263 00888-

0 70681 00010

001B84 09409-

037109 0 1295

045817 00559

0 62110 0 0001

004542 08580

-0 12277 0 6274

042099 00819

023617 03454

o 31931 0 1965-

0 19639 04348

0 61671 -0 15333 00064 0 5436

006757 -022576 0 7899 0 3677

005262 0 8357

-008816 0 7280

091598 00001

026757 02831

006616 0 7942

022764 03636

iCbull

i i

co 0 55631 0 0165

0 52842 00242

004224 08678

0 49836 00353

0 14993 0 5526

038285 0 1169

035844 0 1441

o 20851 0 4064

-o 20481 0 4149

030973 0 2110

0 18727 0 4568

-0 27334 0 2724

023756 03425

NO 0 32544 0 1876

0 25876 02998

021495 03917

0 75467 00003

035989 0 1424

0 62866 00052

0 69713 00013

0 50726 00317

-0 07765 0 7594

0 38188 0 1179

0 33233 -002472 0 1779 09224

0 51261 00296


l

N02

TA98P

0 04264 0 8666

TA98M

004085 0 8721

CORRELATION

BAP COR

-o 26388 049516 02900 0 0367



-024236 0 59937 036052 0 42562 -005869 0 64556 03325 00086 0 1416 00782 0 8171 00038

SIF

0 51792 00277

CLF

-0 37459 0 1256

NJF

045314 0 0590

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03 -o 08513 0 7370

-o 10636 0 6744

-o 40365 00967

-o 10841 06685

-039356 o 1061

0 16868 0 5034

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0 03076 0 9036

036536 0 1360

0 29733 02308

02893 -o 24712 02501 03228

000644 0 9798

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S02 0 37814 0 40175 0 40203 -0 07740 031162 -o 11333 0 17914 0 13582 o 16193 0 00068 0 12285 0 68627 -o 08408 0 1218 0 0984 00982 0 7602 0 2081 06543 0 4769 0 5910 0 5209 09979 0 6272 00017 0 7401 middot

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TA98P -o 00948 0 57359 0 55631 032544 004264 -008513 037814 11


TA98M -006773 0 54898 0 52842 025876 004085 -o 10636 04017 0 7895 0 0183 00242 0 2998 08721 06744 0 0984


IMP 0 41263 0 70681 0 04224 0 21495 -026388 -o 40365 040203 1middotr 0 0888 0 0010 08678 0 3917 02900 00967 0 0982 I


COR 0 01884 0 9409

0 37109 0 1295

0 49836 0 0353

0 75467 00003

049516 00367

-o 10841 06685

-o 07740 0 7602



00559 00001 0 5526 0 1424 03325 0 1061 02081 I 11

I 4 I

PBF 0 04542 0 8580

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0 38285 0 1169

0 62866 00052

0 59937 o 0086

0 16868 0 5034

-o 11333 06543 i I


KF

00819

0 31931

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0 19639

0 1441

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0 50726

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0 03076

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--- --- -1middot ti

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00064 0 7899 0 4149 0 7594 08171 0 1360 0 5209 I

FEF -o 15333 -o 22576 0 30973 088188 064556 0 29733 000068 I 0 5436 0 3677 02110 0 1179 0 0038 02308 0 9979

i

6IF 0 05262 -008816 0 18727 033233 0 51792 0 28593 0 12285 1middot 11- I

08357 0 7280 0 4568 0 1779 o 0277 0 2501 06272 bull middot1

CLF 0 91 598 026757 -o 27334 -o 02472 -037459 -0 24712 068627 0 0001 0 2831 o 2724 0 9224 o 1256 03228 0 0017

NIF 0 06616 022764 0 23756 0 51261 045314 0 00644 -008408 0 7942 0 3636 03425 0 0296 0 0590 0 9798 0 7401

I -

--1



SF 1 00000 033200 -029567 -000496 -03B569 -0 14233 049893 1middot

ND3

co

NO

N02

03

502

0 0000

0 33200 0 1783

-0 29567 0 2336

-000496 0 9844

-0 3B569 0 1139

-o 14233 0 5732

0 49893 00351

0 1783

1 00000 00000

027495 02695

0 25388 03094

-0 34866 0 1562

001501 0 9529

0 12659 06167

0 2336

027495 0 2695

1 00000 00000

071100 00009

0 46975 00492

o 10103 0 6900

000000 1 0000

09844

0 2538B 03094

0 71100 0 0009

1 00000 00000

0 44577 00637

-o 15038 0 5514

001706 0 9464

0 1139 0 5732 00351

-034866 0 01501 0 12659 0 1562 0 9529 06167

0 46975 0 10103 000000 0 0492 06900 1 0000

044577 -0 15038 0 01706 00637 0 5514 09464

1 00000 000732 -o 11744 o 0000 0 9770 06426

000732 100000 -o 16279 09770 00000 0 5187

- -

-o 11744 -o 16279 100000 06426 0 5187 00000

-- --~-- ---------- - - ---middot


11middot I bull


11 4

----- -~- ---------i ~

II-1lt1

41

-1middot_I j

_

) I

1bull bullI I

[

~-- J

-i I I

_

_

i _

i i

I I -_

SAS STATION=7996


VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

MEAN

1407777777

STD DEV

8 17554139

SUM

25339999978

MINIMUM

o 60000000

MAXIMUM

28 39999998

Imiddot1 I


BAP

CDR

18

18

18

707222222

0 13888889

032222222

426391225

006978023

025565500

12729999995

2 50000000

580000000

040000000

o 10000000

o 10000000

t4 20000000

0 30000000

090000000

I

middot1

BO

PBF

BRF

KF

ZNF

FEF

SIF


18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

o 48333333

22826611111

44 46111111

139 52777778

24 73888889

17422777778

450951555556

26421111111

031482955

20203637gt56

3533125826

115 77552218

15 52118624

125 44174090

33441987385

21783477519

B 70000000

4108 79000000

BOO 30000000

2511 50000000

44530000000 ~---middotmiddot--

3136 10000000


4755 80000000

--

o 10000000

1700000000

700000000

3700000000

400000000

1700000000

7900000000

1900000000

1 20000000 I 11

77100000000 middot1 1-li

13000000000 middot- 11


i-11 7400000000 middot-I



Ibull

89300000000 i~I middot-------middot- - -------- -------- (

NIF 18 1685555555 1260598468 303 39999998 200000000 48 00000000 1

SF

N03

ND

18

18

9

1968 4222222


2 71111094

115393953280

565174506

1 72224005

35431 60000000 middot

140 59999998

24 39999843

54100000000

300000000

029999995

5790c 00000000

24 50000000

6 39999962

bulliI _t

I I

I

ND2 16 269999966 149092499 4049999332 l 19999981 b 19999981

03 15 1 77333314 1 20621393 26 59999704 middot-middot - -

0 3 19999981

S02 15 1 35333300 1 14633970 2029999506 029999995 4 29999924


i middotj

bull-li


--




TA98P 1 00000 o 92935 0 28825 -o 01129 048961 0 13388 033461 0 18025 0 13720 -002539 -0 16409 -o 32350 0 10007 00000 00001 02461 09645 00392 05964 0 1747 0 4742 05872 09204 o 0153 0 1904 06928 i

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 1d

TA98M 092935 1 00000 032610 0 15817 046062 033824 0 47603 034902 033729 0 16881 0 01959 -026313 0 12028 rmiddot ii 00001 00000 0 1866 0 5308 00544 0 1698 00458 0 1557 0 1711 0 0031 09385 02914 06345

I18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

1


I02461 0 1866 00000 00010 00001 00126 00006 00165 0 1587 00717 0 1419 03167 03501 18 18 10- 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 - i

I(



00392 00544 00001 0 0048 00000 00571 00022 00494 03512 02678 03858 03432 0 1697 JIbull


0 1747 o 0458 - 0 0006 - 00001 00022 00001 00000 - 0 0001 00017 00002 00085 06294 0 7840 18 18 1B 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 ) 1)

ZNF 0 1370 03379 034666 0 54174 023343 074960 068574 065671 1 00000 0 72305 0 54970 -o 18941 049618 I li0 5872 o 1711 0 1587 00202 03512 00003 00017 00031 00000 00007 00181 04516 00362


~ i bull FEF -0 02539 0 16881 0 43439 0 76834 027588 090022 0 76972 0 80442 0 72305 1 00000 090809 -0 118f4 033937

I 0 9204 0 5031 00717 00002 02678 0 0001 00002 0 0001 00007 00000 00001 06406 0 1683 middotmiddotI

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18



CLF -0 32350 -0 26315 -0 25018 -001103 -023724 -005122 -0 12210 0 00024 -0 18941 -o 11814 0 15372 100000 -027728 1

0 1904 02914 03167 0 9653 03432 08400 06294 09993 0 4516 06406 0 5425 o 0000 02653 -18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 10007 0 12028 -o 23398 -0 19023 -0 33828 0 18641 0 06953 0 09793 0 49618 0 33937 0 14030 -0 27728 100000 0 6928 06345 03501 0 4496 o 1697 04589 o 7840 06991 0 0362 o 1683 0 5787 02653 00000 1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




N03 0 63242 0 56885 0 15694 -000873 0 46691 -0 10536 0 10681 0 06973 006362 -0 26846 -023405 0 06398 -023346 II

I-0 0049 0 0138 0 5340 0 9726 0 0508 0 6773 0 6731 0 7834 0 B020 02814 03499 08009 0 3512 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

11bull ii(


NO 0 55212 0 48690 082799 051547 0 73964 036537 o 5~405 0 17045 0 43112 0 13157 -o 01367 -o 31045 -o 14897 1 0 1232 0 1838 0 0058 0 1555 0 0227 0 3336 0 1217 0 6611 0 2466 0 7358 0 9722 0 4162 0 7021


llt

I 3


I 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

rj 00767 00389 00666 0 1729 00134 03732 00908 03811 02595 09573 08808 0 5762 03102 l

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 3i ~802 0 73863 0 58663 041270 -001688 0 52023 -o 14223 0 14874 -o 06508 -004904 -o 32131 -031231 0 15680 -022241 n0 0017 00215 0 1263 0 9524 00468 06131 0 5968 0 8177 08622 02429 02571 0 5768 04256

16 16 15- ---- - 15 15 15 15 15-- - 15 -- 15 -- --15 --15------ --- -15------ -- middot

middot I



18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1 iIll


bulls_18 18 0 9 15 15 15i -- ----------[


t1

COR -o 02761 -0 00873 0 51547 074490 -0 37138 -001688 04


BO 0 18682 0 46691 0 73964 033341 -062129 0 52023 lti 0 4579 0 0508 0 0227 02246 00134 0046B 1(l

7118 18 0 9 15 15 15 --- - -middot ~



3 2

SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 3

4

bull PBF 0 15363 -0 10536 036537 093532 -0 24779 -0 14223 bull


BRF 0 231B4 0 106B1 0 55405 083513 -045195 0 14874 I

0 3546 0 6731 0 1217 00001 00908 0 596B 18 18 0 9 15 15 15

Imiddot

KF 0 33801 0 0673 0 17045 085814 -024388 -006508 - -- - --- - - middot- 0 1701 0 7834 0 6611 o 0001 03B11 08177

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1I

ZNF 0 36622 006362 0 43112 0 74557 -0 310B0 -004904 1 0 1350 08020 02466 0 0014 02595 08622

2 18 18 0 15 - 15 15 ---------- -1_

FEF 001413 -026846 0 13157 093257 -001512 -032131 2


0956 0 2814 0 735B 00001 0 9573 0242 3

3




NIF 0 23057 -023346 -o 14897 032692 028110 -0 22241 0 3573 03512 0 7021 02343 03102 0 4256

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 SF l 00000 066667 --- ----- middot-00573b - 0 1724~ -041658 052203

00000 00025 08835 0 5389 0 1224 00459 I 18 18 0 9 15 15 151middot I 1 N03 0 66667 1 00000 022436 -009255 -o 58411 079808


I I co

fi


0 8835 0 5617 00000 06093 0 4302 00973 bullmiddot 9 9 0 9 9 9 9

N02 0 17244 -o 09255 0 19817 100000 -009374 -0 16884 0 5389 0 7429 06093 00000 0 7397 0 5475

15 15 0 9 15 15 15 7

7



SF N03 co NO N02 03 S 2

03 -o 41658 -o 58411 -o 30163 -009374 1 00000 -o 56403 0 1224 0 0222 04302 o 7397 00000 00285


S02 0 52203 0 79808 0 58598 -0 16884 -0 56403 1 00000 0 0459 0 0004 0 0973 0 5475 00285 00000

15 15 0 9 15 15 15

i I fbull





--

bullbull






e 6 7430 813 73 0 19 0 0 6 3 4 4 0 1 O l 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 1 3 2 2 2 0 9 bull 1 7430 821 58 035 57 94 59 03 05 18 09 13 132 97 80 32


18



23 16 7433 801 64 0 57 9 1 9 2 56 03 03 2 7 1 5 0 5 12 3 6 B 69 33


26

27 5 4 0 3 0 3 2 5 l 4 0 7 12 1 6 B 3 6 7 0


SI a --~- 823 4lt 020 65 29 35 01 01 11 12 01 33 126 26 06(__137

25 7433 831 51 0 32 7 0 52 58 06 09 48 3 5 17 14 7 66 7B 34 lJ



Ul3B 30



44 31 _ 7440 801 73 069 77 112 107 06 13 41 19 33 48 12 77 24


36 7440 813 52 0 27 6 1 6 1 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 3 0 2 7 4 4 2 3 4 1 2 ~ 37 7440 821 61 050 44 83 107 06 15 40 18 29 55 35 30 17

88 7440- -- - 822 43 0 24 4 b 4 7 2 6 middot 0 1 -0 1 0 7 0 4 0 2 6 6 4 7 8 0 3 2 39 7440 823 39 0 24 4 9 4 4 2 9 0 1 ~- 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 17 1 5 4 6 1 7 M 40 7440 831 56 J42 41 69 106 10 c3 75 48 45 148 52 106 30


_ tor

----------------------------------------------- ---------------

__




1tl1-

1-1) i ~ I





i lili


I middot1middot1

~ i -

------------------------- I bull

Imiddot I

ii middot

II

j I

I iI


APPENDIX V







Annual -004 0001 Annual 009 050





TSP Winter -7 010

Spring -2 042

Summer -3 034

Annual -4 012

so4 Winter -09 016

Spring 005 063

Summer -06 024

Annual -05 011


Spring aa 099

Summer -04 021

Annual -02 042

BAP Winter 5 014

Spring aa 056

Summer aa 100

Annual 004 012


11111i~~li~~IIII 07488







formation






















-v-






















(Union)










-vi-





-vii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract iii



List of Tables xvii







-viii-





A Summary 11

B Introduction 12



E Conclusions 21





A Introduction 22



-ix-

26

CHAPTER IV

REFERENCES





0 Conclusions 44




A Introduction 46



0 Conclusions 54

56

-x-

62 APPENDICES












-xi-

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


















-xii-

LIST OF FIGURES



County California


3d



















out 59 (c) 19b




-xiii-





March-June) 50a





March-June) 50b










March-June) 50d





March-June) 50e








-xiv-


































-xv-














-xvi-

LIST OF TABLES






Identification 3c












Six

29a



Three

29b



Six

32a



Six

32b

-xvii-






Samples 1982-1984 32d



Samples 1982-1984 32e












Density (+S9) 34b



Density (+S9) 34c

-xviii-





Benzanthrone 36b



Richmond

38a



Martinez

38b



Concord

38c





at Richmond 40a



at Martinez 40b



at Concord 40c

-xix-



at Pittsburg 40d



















-xx-



June 1984

at

48a



1979-June 1984 48b









-xxi-

D-IAPTER I

PROJECT SUMMARY











and investigation



















-1-




~ 0



-la-































-2-









Tables I-1 and 2



















-3-

TABLE 1-1


TSP

so= 4

NO -3

ORG

BAP

BKF

BGP

COR

BZO

PBF

BRF

FEF

SIF

KF

ZNF

SF

CLF

M39BPS9

M398MS9

M398NRM

NR98M3

ORG98PS9

ORG98MS9

03 co NO

N02

so2


Sulfate Mass

Nitrate Mass


Benzo(a)pyrene


Benzo(ghi)perylene

Coronene


Fine fraction Lead


Fine fraction Iron



Fine fraction Zinc







Ozone

Carbon Monoxide

Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Sulfur dioxide


3ngm

3ngm

3ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3

ngm 3

ngm 3


revmicrog

rev microg

pphm

ppm

pphm

pphm

pphm

-3a-

TABLE 1-2




TSP

so -4

N03

ORG

PAH

Mutagens

Trace elements

so2

Pb only














Gravimetric

Turbidimetric

Colorimetric

Benzene extraction

HPLC - fluorescence

Standard Ames test


X-ray fluorescence

II ii


Chemiluminescence

Infrared absorption

Fluorescence

-3b-

TABLE 1-3







Mutagenicity PAH


Agency Performing

Analysis


AIHL AIHL

DHS-LBL

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD



Collect Gas Data

NO X

co



6 pm 6 am

Analytical Method


Ames HPLC






-3c-




FIGURE I-2

-3d-

































-4-

I + PJ I




by GC-MS HPLC

(AIHL)

Analyzed for Pb by


To BAAOMD

i ----


(BAAOMD)

FILTERS


(AIHL)

Ar------ -----

Igt

_J_

frac14dt ~--

I

(Supple t ment)



middot

bull

bullbull

TSP Gravimetrically

(BAAOMD)

~

I


(AIHL)

DATA BANK (AIHL)



each 4 months








of 10 were observed




factor



aerosol mutagens









(21)

-5-











wide








Angeles












-6-


































-7-



3 -











(28)



trends





tion







-8-




responsible










3 -





3

Gas phase HNO3













-9-
























-10-

CHAPTER II




A Summary























-11-

B Introduction






















mutagens










-12-


l Chemicals


























Berkeley California

-13-

















50 litersmin

















-14-













used throughout



















-15-










1 Chemical Mutagens






















-16-

TABLE 11-1



Chemical Plate


Suspension







experiment

-16a-
































-17-

TABLE 11-2







(revnmol)

Composite Berkeley


(revm3)


-17a-


1000

(a)+ S9

UJ E-lt -l 0

800


600E-z lt E-0 UJ gt

400

Ul 0

00

deg 200lt E-

0 ----~P----------------~------ 0 10 20 30 40 50



(f)


deg lt E-

300

200

100

Microsuspension

0

Plate Incorporation

0 _________________ ______

0 10 20 30 40 50


-17b-

00
































-18-

I I- oi Pl I

200 ---------------------------------

-

150 -

100 -


~f~t~fWW

50 lI



TIME OF DAY


M e ()


r IJJ z

6am



























at the site





-19-


E


deg lt f-

EshyuJ z

800 ---------------------------------~

-

600 -

-

400 -

-

200 -


1------1

10am 2pm


6pm

TIME OF DAY

Cl C

E

C

E (J

10pm 2am 6am6am

800 -------------------------------


E

600 -(JJ

Eshyz

-lt EshyC tJJ

400 -gt tJJ c

deg 00

lt -

E-

EshytJJ z

11111111111111111

l


TIME OF DAY

-19a-

6am


1200

1000 E

_ ltJ)


00 c

400ltC 1--

1--UJ z 200

0



TIME OF DAY

1200 --------------------------------


degE _ ltJ)

1-- 800 z ltC 1--c ~ 600 UJ 0

00

~ 400 I-I--UJ z 200

0


TIME OF DAY

200 ---------------------------------


150 (I)

1-shyz ltC 1--0 UJ

100gt UJ 0

00 c ltC 1--

1-shy so UJ z

0


TIMEOF DAY

-19b-
























sampling sites






-20-

TABLE 11-3




+59 -59


1920-705

(113-11482)

710-1915

(11482)

2020-705

(114-11582)

572 723 223 238

304 236 101 86

624 727 238 296




-20a-

bull bull

1200

M 1000

I _


bull middot-

er uJ 600 1 gt uJ

N I er

0 cr I I00

OI bull400

~ -

-uJ z 200

bull bullI

0 0 05 1 15 2

LEAD (microgm3)









E Conclusions










-21-

CHAPTER ill




A Introduction













approach












-22-



















diurnal differences














-23-






3 Chemical Analysis










(2831)















-24-


















Welfare Data System











-25-











Episode I








Episode II









-26-

Episode III








Episode IV









end of the period

Episode V







Episode VI





-27-




Episode Summary



























-28-



D + d 2 + N














Summary Statistics











-29-

TABLE III-1



M398PS9 3revm 24 21 11 3 44

M398MS9 3revm 24 9 5 l 21



M398NRM 3revm 16 4 l 2 7

NR98M3 16 036 014 015 068

BAP 3ngm 24 02 02 01 08

BKF 3ngm 24 01 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 24 09 06 02 26

COR 3ngm 24 06 04 01 15

BZO 3ngm 24 08 07 01 32

ORG microgm3 23 35 2-4 1-5 8-4

TSP 3microgm 23 64 21 24 124

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

23

23

24

79

86

45

40

44

29

32

50

9

182

223

117

PBF 3ngm 24 242 153 52 605

BRFPBF 24 020 008 013 041

ZNF ngm3 24 26 13 9 68

KF 3ngm 24 142 103 50 429

FEF 3ngm 24 128 88 26 357

SIF 3ngm 24 291 235 56 952

CLF ngm3 24 260 426 27 2173

NIF 3ngm 24 7 6 2 27

SF 3ngm 24 1797 1195 516 6473

co ppm 18 11 04 05 17

NO pphm 21 19 12 03 43

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 09 49

03 pphm 23 22 11 01 41

502 pphm 23 04 07 00 34


-29a-

TABLE ID-2



M398PS9 3revm 12 12 6 6 21

M398MS9 3revm 12 7 2 3 10




NR98M3 12 043 016 018 071

BAP 3ngm 12 06 06 01 16

BKF 3ngm 12 03 02 01 07

BGP 3ngm 12 14 11 04 34

COR 3ngm 12 08 05 02 19

BZO 3ngm 12 21 20 03 58

ORG 3ngm 12 75 35 20 107

TSP 3microgm 12 90 22 52 126

NO3 so4 BRF

3microgm

3microgm

3ngm

12

12

11

115

149

69

46

57

48

41

53

16

185

252

172

PBF 3ngm 11 262 162 82 671

BRFPBF 11 025 007 015 040

ZNF 3ngm 11 37 13 12 55

KF 3ngm NA

FEF 3ngm 11 102 39 42 155

SIF 3ngm NA

CLF 3ngm NA

NIF 3ngm 11 25 14 7 51

SF 3ngm NA

co ppm 9 12 05 06 19

NO pphm 9 28 22 07 63

NO2 pphm 9 36 15 10 61

03 pphm 9 16 14 01 40

so2 pphm 9 04 03 0 09

NA = Not analyzed

-29b-
















aerosols
















-30-





=




=



























(gt8) (44)

-31-




























-32-

TABLE ID-3




3M398PS9 revm 24 24 14 6 58

M398M59 revm3 24 10 6 2 27



NR98M3 16 035 022 012 110

BAP ngm3 24 02 01 01 04

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 24 11 07 02 24

COR ngm3 24 07 04 01 16

BZO ngm3 24 08 06 01 20

ORG microgm 3 23 36 27 15 92

TSP microgm 3 23 76 25 34 139

NO microgm 3 23 86 34 32 1583

so= microgm 3 23 84 44 51 2144

BRF microgm 3 24 50 31 8 114

PBF microgm 3 24 266 157 49 638

BRFPBF 24 019 007 010 042

ZNF ngm3 24 31 24 9 123

KF ngm3 24 157 129 38 491

FEF ngm3 24 144 98 28 371

SIF ngm3 24 326 284 24 1220

CLF ngm3 24 174 282 19 1450

NIF ngm3 24 8 8 2 33

SF ngm3 24 1810 1384 442 7640

co ppm 18 13 04 06 21

NO pphm 21 22 15 05 64

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 12 53

pphm 23 29 15 aa 5903

502 pphm 23 04 09 oo 43

-32a-

TABLE ill- 4




M398PS9 revm3 24 17 10 ltl 37

M398MS9 revm3 24 9 5 ltl 18



M398NRM revm3 16 4 2 l 6

NR98M3 16 036 013 018 070

BAP ngm3 24 02 03 01 15

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 05

BGP ngm3 24 08 07 02 28

COR ngm3 24 05 03 01 15

BZO ngm3 24 07 10 01 44

ORG microgm 3 24 33 23 11 88


so= 3

microgm 3 24 86 44 50 2314 3BRF ngm 24 41 30 7 133

PBF ngm3 24 218 168 38 714

BRFPBF 24 021 010 011 041

ZNF ngm3 24 20 11 3 52

KF ngm3 24 127 82 54 377 3FEF ngm 24 112 90 24 353

SIF ngm3 24 256 205 87 787

CLF ngm3 24 346 582 31 2895

NIF ngm3 24 7 7 2 30

SF ngm3 24 1785 1094 590 5305

co ppm 18 10 04 02 17

NO pphm 21 15 13 01 50

NO2 pphm 23 25 12 06 51

03 pphm 23 15 09 01 35

502 pphm 23 03 06 00 25

-32b-

TABLE ill- 5




TA98+S9 100 094 045 054 060

TA98-S9 094 100 049 044 059

BAP 045 049 100 038 092

COR middot054 044 037 100 056

BZO 060 059 092 056 100

PBF 028 025 008 071 019

BRF 040 038 030 074 044

KF 026 022 015 058 008

ZNF 012 012 -001 027 026

FEF 009 013 -007 028 -005

SIF -012 001 -007 013 -009

CLF -027 -022 001 -015 -005

NIF -010 -007 -012 -020 -012

SF 022 023 028 003 036

NO3 049 051 032 015 047

co 054 051 023 071 036

NO 051 045 034 049 044

NO2 032 031 011 061 018

03 -027 -035 -041 -013 -043

SO2 004 005 -002 -027 -002



-32c-




TA98+S9 100 095 051 050 065

TA98-S9 095 100 057 038 059

BAP 053 057 100 051 077

COR 050 038 051 JI 100 076

BZO 067 059 077 076 100

PBF 019 007 028 070 046

BRF 038 030 059 074 071

KF 024 010 039 066 048

ZNF -014 -019 -019 015 -001

FEF -012 -018 004 019 003

SIF -012 -016 014 015 005

CLF -020 -012 -008 -012 -006

NIF -033 -039 -019 -033 -024

SF 023 028 054 020 045

NO -3 056 057 066 045 064

co 053 042 032 065 054

NO 049 049 046 012 045

NO2 024 012 019 051 026

03 -030 -036 -063 -003 -048

SO2 -003 001 023 -033 000



-32d-

TABLE ID- 7




TA98+S9 100 095 056 055 066

TA98-S9 095 100 056 050 063

BAP 056 056 100 046 096

COR 055 050 046 100 054

BZO 066 063 096 054 100

PBF 033 035 006 073 013

BRF 043 043 028 077 037

KF 027 033 014 053 018

ZNF 034 047 010 028 015

FEF 021 032 -009 033 -008

SIF 005 016 -012 009 -015

CLF -031 -028 000 -015 -005

NIF 010 019 -012 -013 -007

SF 022 020 026 -008 035

NO3 049 051 030 000 044

co 055 058 028 072 034

NO 051 042 038 071 047

NO2 040 043 010 070 016

03 -050 -047 -041 -050 -053

so2 001 009 -009 -027 -004



-32e-

Factor Analysis











-4





data
















-33-

TABLE ill-8


Factor I Factor 2

PBF (095) NIF (088)

BRF (093) SIF (063)

KF (090) FEF (061)

FEF (0 71) ZNF (042)

SIF (053)

ZNF (048)




Factor 3

SF (084)

N0 - (083)3

ZNF (025)

Factor 4

CLF (096)

ZNF (030)

12

Secondary Aerosols

factors

10

Sea Salt

Sum 81


-33a-

TABLE ill- 9




Interpretation

KF (092)

PBF (090)

FEF (083)

BRF (081)

SIF (080)

NO (028)3

40


Nitrate found

CLF (094) NIF (087)

ZNF (090) SIF (038)

No - (036) FEF (037)3

18 17


and (some) Soil

in three factors

SF (096)

BRF (038)

NO - (031)3

10 Sum 85

Secondary so=

4Aerosols


-33b-

TABLE ill- 10



BRF (095) NIF (081)

PBF (093) SIF (080)

KF (089) FEF (066)

ZNF (0 72) ZNF (034)

FEF (067) KF (027)

SIF (040)



Soil


SF (087)

NO - (087)3

NIF (034)

ZNF (028)

CLF (099)

11

Secondary Aerosols

9

Sea Salt

Sum 86


-33c-








during the day NO3




-








i Mutagenic Density











-34-

TABLE ID-11



PBF (094) NIF (084) NO - (082)3

CLF (094) SF (090)

BRF (093) FEF (060) ZNF (052) ZNF (030) NO - (035)3

KF (090) SIF (060) SF (026) NIF (027)

FEF (0 72) ZNF (050)

SIF (056)

ZNF (037)




Refining and Soil

(NOtdeg-) and me

Salt (SO -)4


-34a-

TABLE m-12



PBF (095) CLF (095) NO - (087)3

NIF (086) SF (096)

KF (092) ZNF (091) BRF (031) SIF (053) BRF (030)

BRF (084) NO - (026)3

FEF (052

FEF (075)

SIF (0 71)




Sea Salt and Zinc

Secondary (NO -)

3

Oil Refining

and

Secondary(so =)

4

Soil


-34b-

TABLE ID- 13



BRF (094) NO - (088)3

PBF (092) SF (085)

KF (089) NIF (032)

ZNF (073) ZNF (028)

FEF (071)

SIF (047)

NIF (081)

SIF (072)

FEF (060)

ZNF (031)

KF (025)

CLF (091)




Soil


Sea Salt


-34c-













-




-















-35-




as well






present study








not clear

ii Coronene










-36-

TABLE ID- 14



BRF (091) NIF (081) SF (084) CLF (097)

PBF (090) FEF (0 78) NO - (083)3

ZNF (030)

KF (082) SIF (0 77) ZNF (026)

ZNF (041) ZNF (046)

SIF (035) KF (037)

PBF (032)

Coronene (089) (-024) (005) (-012)




-36a-

TABLE ill-15



PBF (095) NO - (082)3

NIF (086) CLF (096)

BRF (091) SF (080) SIF (052) ZNF (032)

KF (090) BRF (027) FEF (051)

FEF (079) ZNF (042)

SIF (062)

ZNF (049)

Benzan throne (028) (069) (-041) (-010)



Soil


-36b-













iii Benzanthrone




















-37-

iv Summary




soil (FEF SIF)


surface soil








Summary Statistics










-38-

TABLE ill-16


1982-1984


M398PS9 revm3 18 17 u 4 34

M398MS9 revm3 18 7 5 3 16



M398NRM revm3 12 4 1 3 5

NR98M3 12 045 017 033 069

BAP ngm3 18 02 02 01 05

BKF ngm3 18 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 18 10 06 04 18

COR ngm3 18 07 03 03 10

BZO ngm3 18 08 07 02 21

ORG microgm 3 17 35 25 16 73

TSP microgm3 17 57 19 24 70

NO microgm 3 17 78 35 40 118 so=

3 microgm 3 17 108 66 57 222

BRF 4

ngm3 18 42 24 9 66

PBF ngm3 18 209 125 52 407

BRFPBF 18 021 009 013 037

ZNF ngm3 18 28 23 9 68

KF ngm3 18 125 75 50 247

FEF ngm3 18 88 66 26 188

SIF ngm3 18 155 121 56 393

CLF ngm3 18 497 825 44 2172

NIF ngm3 18 7 5 2 15

SF ngm3 18 2506 2032 1074 6473

co ppm 18 12 02 09 14

NO pphm 18 15 10 03 30


-38a-

TABLE ill-17


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 14 8 3 25

M398MS9 3revm 18 7 4 1 12



M398NRM 3revm 12 3 1 2 4

NR98M3 12 032 010 Ol8 043

BAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 02

BKF 3ngm 18 01 0 01 01

BGP 3ngm 18 06 03 02 10

COR 3ngm 18 03 02 01 07

BZO 3ngm 18 05 03 02 09

ORG microgm 3 18 33 25 16 70

TSP 3microgm 18 77 29 35 124

No -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

18

18

18

79

107

45

51

52

28

32

68

12

178

204

101

PBF 3ngm 18 229 193 85 599

BRFPBF 18 023 011 016 041

ZNF 3ngm 18 24 8 16 40

KF ngm3 18 143 123 64 386

FEF 3ngm 18 177 121 38 357

SIF ngm3 18 463 354 120 952

CLF 3ngm 18 235 133 61 449

NIF 3ngm 18 15 7 6 27

SF 3ngm 18 1883 741 846 2915

co ppm

NO pphm 9 31 11 24 43

NO2 pphm 15 26 14 15 49

03 pphm 15 18 11 01 27

so2 pphm 15 14 11 05 34

-38b-

TABLE m-18


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 29 13 10 44

M398MS9 3revm 18 13 6 4 21



M398NRM 3revm 12 5 2 3 7

NR98M3 12 034 018 015 058

BAP 3ngm 18 03 03 01 08

BKF 3ngm 18 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 18 14 09 05 26

COR 3ngm 18 09 04 05 15

BZO 3ngm 18 11 11 02 32

ORG 3microgm 17 39 28 15 84

TSP 3microgm 18 54 12 38 74

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

73

61

53

28

14

31

47

50

25

126

89

108

PBF 3ngm 18 287 132 202 542

BRFPBF 18 018 008 013 034

ZNF 3ngm 18 20 9 9 31

KF 3ngm 18 137 102 76 339

FEF 3ngm 18 95 41 58 169

SIF 3ngm 18 209 95 134 387

CLF 3ngm 18 120 135 27 380

NIF 3ngm 18 3 2 2 6

SF 3ngm 18 1364 721 641 2614

co ppm 18 12 04 05 17

NO pphm 18 23 13 03 42

NO 2 pphm 18 31 09 20 45

03 pphm 18 19 09 03 28

so2 pphm 18 00 01 00 01

-38c-

TABLE ill- 19


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 23 9 ll 32

M398MS9 3revm 18 10 5 4 17



M398NRM 3revm 12 4 2 2 5

NR98M3 12 031 01 OlB 039

SAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 03

SKF 3ngm 18 01 aa 01 02

BGP 3ngm 18 08 05 03 17

COR 3ngm 18 06 04 02 12

BZO 3ngm 18 07 06 01 14

ORG microgm3 18 33 25 15 68

TSP 3microgm 18 67 18 52 101

NO3

so=4

BRF

3microgm 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

84

70

42

50

13

37

45

54

22

182

86

117

PSF 3ngm 18 244 182 109 605

SRFPBF 18 017 006 013 027

ZNF 3ngm 18 30 7 20 37

KF 3ngm 18 162 132 86 429

FEF 3ngm 18 153 88 48 256

SIF 3ngm 18 337 197 150 610

CLF 3ngm 18 188 141 59 393

NIF 3ngm 18 5 2 3 9

SF 3ngm 18 1437 613 516 2145

co ppm 18 09 04 06 17

NO pphm 18 13 10 04 28

NO2 pphm 18 22 10 09 37

03 pphm 18 25 13 01 41

SO2 pphm 18 01 01 00 02

-38d-



periods of sampling



















sites

-39-

2





stations











sources of COR













-40-

TABLE ill- 20


AT RICHMOND


TA98+59 100 093 069 o75 087

TA98-S9 093 100 072 056 083

BAP 065 072 100 026 091

COR o75 056 026 100 055

BZO 087 083 091 055 100

PBF 057 036 002 081 030

BRF 080 072 042 080 063

KF 052 031 009 064 015

ZNF 031 020 -003 056 030

FEF 038 018 -009 064 017

SIF 053 027 007 071 030

CLF -029 -024 -011 -018 -023

NIF 029 016 -004 021 012

SF 071 084 072 023 073

NO3 070 069 058 037 069

co 066 050 023 087 044

NO 083 078 067 076 077

NO2 059 040 016 067 036

03 -038 -046 -067 000 -054

502 075 067 0 73 053 078



-40a-

TABLE ID-21


AT MARTINEZ


TA98+S9 100 093 029 -001 049

TA98-S9 093 100 033 016 046

BAP 029 033 100 071 083

COR -001 016 071 100 063

BZO 049 046 083 063 100

PBF 013 033 057 084 046

BRF 033 048 073 085 067

KF 018 035 056 079 047

ZNF 014 034 035 054 023

FEF -003 017 043 077 028

SIF -016 002 036 073 022

CLF -032 -026 -025 -001 -024

NIF 010 012 -023 -019 -034

SF 051 051 004 -003 019

NO~- 063 057 016 -001 047

co NO 055 049 083 052 074

N02 029 051 042 074 033

03 -047 -054 -049 -037 -062

so2

074 059 041 -002 052



tco not measured

-40b-

TABLE ID-22


AT CONCORD


TA98+59 100 096 034 031 046

TA98-S9 096 100 042 017 049

BAP 034 042 100 018 095

COR 0o3l 017 018 100 035

BZO 046 049 095 035 100

PBF -014 -026 -027 070 -015

BRF 009 -005 016 o79 028

KF 005 -009 013 074 020

ZNF -013 -017 -003 -004 005

FEF ooo -011 -036 060 -030

SIF -007 -017 -012 062 -011

CLF -002 001 055 -006 052

NIF -002 -014 019 o77 023

SF -001 -007 041 002 0o46

NO -3

057 055 071 037 082

co 056 053 004 050 015

NO 033 026 021 075 036

NO2 004 004 -026 050 -024

03 -009 -011 -040 -011 -039

502 038 040 040 -008 031



-40c-

TABLE m-23


AT PITTSBURG


TA98+59 100 092 068 063 071

TA98-S9 092 100 075 057 071

BAP 068 075 100 083 085

COR 063 057 083 100 085

BZO 071 071 085 085 100

PBF 046 041 064 082 055

BRF 056 055 073 087 069

KF 049 040 050 076 056

ZNF 020 031 041 038 035

FEF 036 041 041 049 017

SIF 017 018 001 013 -021

CLF -031 -016 -007 -021 -006

NIF 073 064 049 057 056

SF 029 032 025 018 031

NO3 056 061 028 020 053

co 0 71 o 71 072 078 066

NO 059 051 055 056 042

NO2 025 023 059 074 049

03 -033 -050 -039 -012 -046

502 -025 -026 -032 -026 -051



-40lt3-











receptor area






be made

Summary Statistics








in Episode IV

-41-

TABLE ill-24



M398PS9 revm3 4 7 4 3 11




M398NRM revm3

NR98M3

BAP ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BKF ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BGP ngm3 4 04 01 02 05

COR ngm3 4 04 02 02 05

BZO ngm3 4 03 01 02 04

ORG microgm3 4 58 07 48 64

TSP microgm 3 4 37 11 24 52


PBF ngm3 4 148 58 85 202

BRFPBF 4 014 001 013 016

ZNF ngm3 4 24 12 9 37

KF ngm3 4 71 17 50 86

FEF ngm3 4 66 21 39 91

SIF ngm3 4 154 56 91 227

CLF ngm3 4 179 49 132 245

NIF ngm 3 4 6 8 2 18

SF ngm3 4 1671 316 1228 1955

co ppm 3 06 02 05 09

NO pphm 3 05 01 03 06

pphm 4 19 07 10 26NO2 03 pphm 4 25 02 22 27

pphm 4 02 02 00 05SOz

-41a-

TABLE ill- 25



M398PS9 3revm 4 24 7 16 32

M398MS9 3revm 4 10 2 8 13



M398NRM 3revm 4 4 l 3 5

NR98M3 4 043 010 036 058

SAP 3ngm 4 02 01 02 03

SKF ngm3 4 01 oo 01 01

SGP 3ngm 4 15 06 09 22

COR ngm3 4 11 03 07 15

SZO 3ngm 4 11 03 08 14

ORG microgm 3 4 74 07 68 84

TSP 3microgm 4 92 26 69 124

NO3 3microgm 4 85 14 75 106

so=4

SRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

67

95

11

27

58

56

79

117

PSF 3ngm 4 538 92 407 605

SRFPSF 4 017 003 013 020

ZNF ngm3 4 34 11 18 44

KF 3ngm 4 350 78 247 429

FEF ngm3 4 243 85 169 357

SIF 3ngm 4 512 221 387 843

CLF 3ngm 4 101 96 44 244

NIF 3ngm 4 12 5 6 17

SF ngm3 4 2025 713 1225 2773

co ppm 3 15 01 14 17

NO pphm 3 28 14 14 42

NO2 pphm 4 43 06 37 49

03 pphm 4 24 09 15 35

so2 pphm 4 03 04 00 09

-41b-

TABLE ID-26



M398PS9 revm3 4 13 6 7 19

M398MS9 3revm 4 6 2 4 9



M398NRM 3revm

NR98M3

BAP 3ngm 4 01 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 01

BGP 3ngm 4 07 02 05 09

COR 3ngm 4 06 01 05 07

BZO 3ngm 4 03 02 01 05

ORG microgm 3 4 17 02 15 20

TSP microgm 3 4 68 18 47 91

NO3 microgm 3 4 67 10 57 80

so -4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

71

43

14

9

53

32

83

53

PBF ngm3 4 254 16 236 274

BRFPBF 4 017 005 014 024

ZNF ngm3 4 31 26 9 68

KF 3ngm 4 132 41 76 171

FEF ngm3 4 192 81 101 277

SIF 3ngm 4 486 369 147 952

CLF ngm3 4 698 998 62 2173

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1040 254 746 1360

co ppm 3 10 04 06 13

NO pphm 3 11 06 04 14

NO2 pphm 3 28 02 25 30

03 pphm 3 32 07 28 41

SO2 pphm 3 01 01 00 02

-4ic-

TABLE ill- 27



M398PS9 revm 4 25 15 9 44

M398MS9 revm 4 12 7 4 21



M398NRM revm 4 2 1 2 3

NR98M3 4 030 026 015 069

BAP ngm 4 01 01 01 02

BKF ngm 4 01 00 01 01

BGP ngm 4 05 04 03 11

COR ngm 4 03 03 01 07

BZO ngm 4 03 03 01 07

ORG microgm3 3 16 01 15 17

TSP microgm 3 3 62 13 54 77

NO3- microgm3 3 57 01 57 58

so=4

microgm3 3 63 18 50 84

BRF ngm 4 23 11 9 32

PBF ngm 4 146 67 52 207

BRFPBF 4 016 002 014 018

ZNF ngm 4 18 9 9 28

KF ngm 4 94 29 55 124

FEF ngm 4 124 76 26 188

SIF ngm 4 292 203 56 487

CLF ngm 4 93 90 27 227

NIF ngm 4 10 12 2 27

SF ngm 4 1414 561 641 1902

co ppm 3 11 02 09 13

NO pphm 4 18 10 03 25

NO2 pphm 4 20 12 09 33

03 pphm 4 23 05 16 28

so2 pphm 4 04 06 oo 12

-41d-

TABLE ffi- 28




M398MS9 3revm 4 9 4 6 15




NR98M3 4 036 006 029 043

BAP 3ngm 4 02 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 02

BGP 3ngm 4 10 04 05 15

COR ngm3 4 06 03 03 09

BZO 3ngm 4 08 02 05 10

ORG microgm3 4 18 02 16 19


NO3 so -

4 BRF

3microgm

microgm 3

3ngm

4

4

4

65

92

41

14

32

11

47

54

28

77

130

52

PBF ngm3 4 218 79 137 310

BRFPBF 4 021 008 015 033

ZNF ngm3 4 23 5 16 27

KF ngm3 4 91 23 64 120

FEF ngm3 4 97 25 73 120

SIF 3ngm 4 162 46 112 202

CLF ngm 3 4 171 153 43 393

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1097 536 516 1753

co ppm 3 13 05 07 17

NO pphm 4 22 08 11 30

NO2 pphm 4 26 06 22 35

03 pphm 4 26 01 24 27

so2 pphm 4 03 06 aa 11

-41e-

TABLE ill-29



M398PS9 revm3 4 33 8 25 43

M398MS9 3revm 4 16 3 12 19



M398NRM 3revm 4 5 l 4 7

NR98M3 4 033 001 032 035

BAP 3ngm 4 04 03 02 08

BKF ngm3 4 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 4 15 09 06 26

COR 3ngm 4 07 03 03 11

BZO 3ngm 4 18 11 09 32

ORG microgm 3 4 22 09 16 35


NO3 3microgm 4 150 34 118 18l

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

150

52

73

18

85

31

222

67

PBF ngm3 4 150 49 108 202

BRFPBF 4 035 006 028 041

ZNF ngm3 4 23 6 17 31

KF 3ngm 4 114 22 94 145

FEF ngm3 4 47 8 38 58

SIF 3ngm 4 139 17 120 154

CLF ngm3 4 319 45 282 380

NIF 3ngm 4 5 l 3 6

SF ngm3 4 3537 1983 2145 6473

co ppm 3 12 02 10 13

NO pphm 4 27 15 07 43

NO2 pphm 4 19 03 15 23

03 pphm 4 02 01 01 04

so2 pphm 4 10 16 oo 34

-41pound-













prevailed













proportion




VI)

-42-

--- --- -------





should be limited
























-43-

TABLE III-30


0600 August 23-1800 August 24 1982


TA98+S9 100 090 000 052 033

TA98-S9 090 100 000 066 033

BAP 000 000 000 -aa 000

COR 052 066 000 100 059

BZO 032 033 000 059 100

PBF 097 088 000 056 040

BRF 087 082 000 059 068

KF 029 026 000 -041 -017

ZNF 083 061 000 018 004

FEF 032 003 000 -026 006

SIF 020 -003 000 -037 -010

CLF -032 -043 000 -049 003

NIF -026 -046 000 -049 -029

SF 029 006 000 -053 -038

NO -3 085 085 000 055 017

co 028 017 000 044 001

NO 037 017 OD 055 023

NO2 089 075 000 000 014

03 048 038 000 019 -013

so2 -014 -044 000 -056 -045




-43a-




TA98+S9 100 o71-H- 059 080 084

TA98-S9 071 100 078 053 068

BAP 059 078 100 071 082

COR 080 053 071 100 091

BZO 084 068 082 091 100

PBF 064 085 077 066 o73

BRF 067 084 084 073 080

KF 059 058 062 057 069

ZNF 050 070 037 031 040

FEF 039 075 057 027 043

SIF 013 032 028 015 023

CLF -032 005 -016 -039 -035

NIF -019 016 -024 -046 -040

SF -036 -007 -038 -061 -051

NO -3 050 025 010 020 026

co 082 086 081 080 092

NO 052 046 056 083 070

NO2 039 068 066 053 052

03 -007 -053 -056 -032 -033

so2 -022 -007 -005 -024 -013



-43b-

TABLE ID-32


1800 May 17-0600 May 19 1983


TA98+S9 100 098 -037 046 -024

TA98-S9 098 100 -033 049 -017

BAP -037 -033 100 021 072

COR 046 049 021 100 056

BZO -024 -017 072 056 100

PBF 044 047 028 081 067

BRF 006 004 028 066 058

KF -038 -032 041 004 047

ZNF -003 002 016 041 055

FEF -001 007 062 009 057

SIF -022 -018 070 -017 045

CLF -066 -073 -017 -033 -017

NIF -041 -030 049 010 079

SF -040 -033 070 003 068

NO -3 015 026 040 049 061

co -003 -006 000 070 063

NO 003 006 000 083 070

NO2 040 045 000 073 078

03 019 025 000 -018 -011

so2 034 038 000 020 043



-43c-

TABLE ill-33



TA98+59 10 097 061 068 070

TA98-S9 097 100 062 065 074

BAP 061 062 100 086 089

COR 068 065 086 100 080

BZO 070 074 089 BO 100

PBF 068 070 063 041 063

BRF 051 056 048 026 0-52

KF 040 048 006 001 006

ZNF 028 029 -021 -031 -024

FEF 037 041 -006 -019 -002

SIF 025 029 -019 -033 -017

CLF -031 -025 021 -015 -009

NIF -012 -009 -039 -053 -010

SF -054 -048 -056 -0 70 -049

NO -3 033 038 -015 003 014

co 052 054 035 058 045

NO 047 039 000 006 009

NO2 057 060 058 047 082

03 010 013 -045 -030 -035

502 002 006 -029 -042 -002



-43d-

TABLE ill- 34



TA98+S9 100 096-H- 062 079-H- 083-H-

TA98-S9 096-H- 100 051 064 070

BAP 062 051 100 061 062

COR 079 064 061 100 094

BZO 083-H- 070 062 094-ll- 100

PBF 050 041 030 062 066

BRF 027 018 025 OSi 056

KF 013 003 016 050 048

ZNF 061 055 021 065 081

FEF -002 -004 006 003 024

SIF -004 -002 009 -002 022

CLF -050 -039 -031 -045 -047

NIF -025 -029 013 -014 004

SF 014 003 009 053 040

NO -3 029 030 -007 005 014

co 081 070 051 083 071

NO 061 054 024 057 065

NO2 o79-H- 081 068 045 054

03 004 006 -040 011 012

so2 -051 -049 -023 -053 -043



-43e-

TABLE ill- 35




TA98+S9 100 091 031 085 048

TA98-S9 091-lE- 100 039 081-lE- 050

BAP 031 039 100 D54 096

COR 085-lE- 081 054 100 067

BZO 048 050 096 067 100

PBF 053 040 018 060 025

BRF 036 024 031 046 033

KF 010 -003 022 015 020

ZNF -031 -026 -023 -026 -030

FEF 027 013 -010 026 001

SIF -003 -005 004 003 -001

CLF -034 -048 027 -017 018

NIF -006 -010 -027 -041 -024

SF 004 -000 -006 005 -004

NO -3 -014 -007 -040 -056 -040

co 044 051 021 060 024

NO 003 -001 027 008 020

NO2 040 029 052 050 057

03 053 051 -013 045 001

so2 -032 038 -029 -058 -041



-43pound-

D Conclusions






-









by HNO3







with NO3










-44-










-45-

CHAPTER IV




A Introduction





















I-2)




-46-










Costa County (618)


















-47-







decribed (18)


















= at



fossil fuels is so2




=

Seasonal Variations



-48-

I

TABLE IV-1



Station


TA98P 3revm 15 11 (7) 11 (7) 10 (7)

TA98M 3revm 15 6 (3) 6 (3) 6 (4)

TA98NRP 3revm 15 5 (3) 6 (3) 5 (3)

TA98NRM 3revm 15 3 (2) 2 (1) 2 (1)

TA98NRMTA98M 15 042 (022) 040 (030) 043 (034)

SAP 3ngm 15 03 (03) 06 (08) 02 (02)

SKF 3 ng 1m 15 02 (02) 03 (03) 02 (02)

SGP 3ngm 15 15 (13) 21 (21) 11 (10)

COR 3

ngm 15 10 (09) 12 (12) 07 (06)

BZO 3ngm 15 05 (06) 11 (15) 06 (08)

ORG 3microgm 15 37 (15) 51 (39) 34 (16)

MASS (TSP) 3microgm 15 57 (9) 51 (15) 64 (13)


NO -3

3microgm 14 48 (24) 60 (25) 66 (29)

so -4

3microgm 14 74 (17) 52 (13) 66 (15)



-48a-

TABLE IV-2



Station


Mean SD March-June

Mean so July-Oct

Mean SD

- I

TA98P

TA98M

TA98NRP

TA98NRM

TA98NRMTA98M

BAP

SKF

BGP

COR

BZO

ORG

MASS (TSP)

LEAD (Hi Vol)

N03

so=4

3revm

3revm

3revm

3revm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3microgm

3microgm

microgm 3

microgm3

3microgm

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

14

7

8

3

053

09

05

35

18

19

69

64

042

86

68

(8)

(4)

(2)

(1)

(033)

(06)

(02)

(15)

(10)

(11)

(25)

(13)

(015)

(22)

(22)

8

5

3

2

039

01

01

06

05

01

24

50

019

36

57

(6)

(3)

(2)

(1)

(027)

(002)

(004)

(03)

(03)

(01)

(09)

(10)

(004)

(08)

(11)

11

5

5

2

033

01

01

07

05)

02

28

58

022

50

68

(5)

(2)

(2)

(1)

(014)

(003)

(003)

(02)

(03)

(01)

(10)

(13)

(10)

(12)

(13)



-48b-


4 -














studies

















-49-






Trends








=















-50-


CI)

~

LI I ()

0 Pl J I

D lt w _J

1 0

09

08

01

o 6

o 5

o 4

o 3

02

o 1

o 0

lt I I-


COMPOSITE PERIOD



12 0

Figure IV-2

10 0

cw 8 0

~

L) I )

Ul 0 tr I w 6 0

I-lta I-1--4

z 4 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


oven

1-f

lt I

N

Q) --0 rO

-shy rO gt rO

+J 0 z


90 __


80

70

60 CI)

~

~ ~ so w~~~~~~~ W~4w I~ U1 40 ()

lt ~

30

20

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

ro micro 0 z


120r-------------------------


1--lt


Cl) 8 0 E

- I J ltu-- I

0 p


QJ --0 ro --



COMPOSITE PERIOD


120-------------------------

10 0

Cl)

~ 80

L)

I l5 0

middot~(1)

601 ~ I


~ ~ I fU1 u z lt L) Ck 4 0 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


5 0





CL 3 0 lt

I CDu- _0 Hi w lt

II 2 5 0)z w 0 gt- 2 0 CL lt -J 1 50

z w CD

N

ldegr o 5 -



COMPOSITE PERIOD

~

L) z

I l5l 0

LO I w z

w z a a u


50 I



35

3 0 I--lt

lt I

---J2 5

2 0

15

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

05


50 _______________________


4 5




3 0 I D u 0) lt 1 0

~ I CXlw 25

z D n J 2 0 1-z lt 1 5 N z w 0)

1 0

o 5



COMPOSITE PERIOD



m E -


were

gt w 10 0 ~

I lJ1 0 I-middot I

-_ 0) U)

I--lt

lt I

lD

I CD 01 lt I- lt I-

50

J ~


r lt r lt pound

JUL L r pound

NOV lt L r -lt




NOV MAR L lt r lt

JUL lt lt

NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD


300-------------------------

25 0


m ~



gt w 200 0

I 1--1 Ul 0 u

I

r- 0) () 15 0

lt I

0

+ CD 0) lt I- lt 10 0 I-J E

5 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


250 cq

gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=5 a=-79199920 s=2885 1608I gt-


f--w A D MUTAC-S9)


A A A e_11=2 7078 r=0 7944

~ 50

00a--bull----------------------------------1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=S a=-7781 7600 a=1492 4784middot I-lt


l

I (J) 150z

LlJ D MUTAC-S9)


LlJ n=5 lt ~ a=-38422800 e=981 2984

b=l9410 e11=0 4951I-) e_=1 5657 r-=09147E

-

5 0


1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




(lJ

gt e MUTA(+S9)


n=5 1---ia=-39846460 e=1541 0467I gt-




bull

bull bull



00-------------------------------------

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

bullbull


1 0


~



MAR-JUN

I V1 0

~

00 0) lt f--~ z 00 0) ltf-

o 9

o 8

07

o 6 r-

o 5

o 4

o 3

o 2

o 1

o 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

lt I

--- ~

TABLE IV-3





Pittsburg 36 (22) 52 (35) 101 (49) 114 (34) 195 (93)

Richmond 66 (50) 114 (84) 69 (41) 136 (20) 187 (82)

Concord 45 (31) 81 (60) 97 (64) 145 (34) 188 (140)

3-Station Average 49 (34) 82 (61) 89 (48) 131 (29) 190 (65)


TABLE IV-4










-Sop-

TABLE IV-5



TA98 + 59 Versus


bull Pittsburg

bull Richmond

092

069

38

26

36

7

0009

008

bull Concord 098 35 134 0001






093 33 41 0008

-50q-






= 3























-51-































-52-


































-53-













D Conclusions




Pb NO3




measured








mutageni city

-54-





conditions









-55-

REFERENCES



351-359








Res 76143-164






Office








12233-232

-56-





Res 31 347-364






755






1984











-57-



























-58-



172565-2573



027a














Sci (USA) 72979-983







Res 114217-267

-59-










Mut 4531-541








Environ (in press)



Environ 18205-213







-60-



Toxicol 32 688-692





-61-

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

APPENDIX IV

APPENDIX V



(1982-1984)






Nov 1979-0ct 1984



-62-

APPENDIX I



DATE 82382


0300 285

0400 285

0500 285

0600 270

0700 270

0800 285

0900 285

1000 285

1100 285

1200 285

1300 300

1400 270

1500 270

1600 270

1700 270

1800 270

1900 255

2000 255

2100 285

2200 285

2300 270

2400 255

12

11

10

8

7

10

12

14

12

12

12

12

12

12

10

9

8

7

6

8

9

9

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400


82482

DRCTN SPEED(m[h)

255 9

240 7

240 8

240 8

240 7

240 8

240 7

255 7

270 11

270 13

270 14

285 13

285 13

285 12

270 11

255 10

255 9

270 10

270 9

240 7

210 3

270 6

240 2

60 1


DATE 101282 101382 101482


0100 195 2 0100 225 2

0200 195 2 0200 225 2

0300 240 3 0300 270 4

0400 255 3 0400 270 4

0500 240 3 0500 285 4

0600 VRBL 1 0600 285 6

0700 VRBL 1 0700 285 8

0800 VRBL 1 0800 285 9

0900 VRBL 1 0900 285 10

1000 60 5 1000 285 10

1100 45 6 1100 285 10

1200 30 4 1200 285 10

1300 30 6 1300 285 9

1400 30 8

1500 30 10 1500 45 5

1600 45 8 1600 45 3

1700 45 6 1700 345 2

1800 60 2 1800 255 1

1900 VRBL 1 1900 225 3

2000 210 1 2000 270 3

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 285 3

2300 210 1 2300 255 3

2400 VRBL 1 2400 240 1


DATE 51783 51883 51983


0100 255 4 0100 VRBL 1

0200 255 4 02JO 210 1

0300 255 3 0300 150 1

0400 240 2 0400 195 2

0500 195 1 0500 VRBL 1

0600 VRBL 1 0600 210 2

0700 240 2 0700 VRBl 1

0800 240 3 0800 VRBL 1

0900 270 5 0900 VRBL 1

1000 300 5 1000 VRBL 2

1100 300 4 1100 030 8

1200 315 5 1200 030 9

1300 300 3 1300 030 10

1400 300 5 1400 030 10

1500 300 5 1500 030 8

1600 360 5 1600 300 6 1600 030 6

1700 300 7 1700 300 6 1700 030 6

1800 285 8 1800 285 4 1800 330 2

1900 285 7 1900 285 5 1900 300 5

2000 270 3 2000 285 6 2000 285 6

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6 2100 285 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 5 2200 225 3

2300 VRBL 1 2300 270 3 2300 210 1

2400 255 4 2400 VRBL 1 2400 VRBL 1


DATE 91283 91383 91483


0100 240 2 0100 270 5

0200 VRBL 1 0200 270 6

0300 VRBL ltl 0300 270 6

0400 255 1 0400 270 5

0500 270 2 0500 270 7

0600 VRBL 1 0600 270 7

0700 VRBL ltl 0700 270 7

0800 300 3 0800 270 7

0900 285 7

1000 285 8

1100 300 9

1200 300 9

1300 300 10

1400 300 10

1500 285 10

1600 285 9

1700 360 4 1700 270 9

1800 360 4 1800 270 9

1900 300 3 1900 8285

2000 VRBL 1 2000 270 8

2100 300 2 2100 270 8

2200 300 4 2200 285 4

2300 285 4 2300 270 3

2400 300 2 2400 270 7


DATE 10483 10583 10683


0100 VRBL 1 0100 255 7

0200 225 2 0200 240 8

0300 150 2 0300 240 5

0400 195 2 0400 255 5

0500 255 1 0500 255 6

0600 240 2 0600 210 2

0700 210 1 0700 255 5

0800 240 3 0800 270 7

0900 300 4 0900 240 5

1000 300 5 1000 315 5

1100 270 9 1100 315 4

1200 270 9 1200 315 3

1300 240 10 1300 345 4

1400 240 8 1400 360 3

1500 240 7 1500 360 4

1600 225 8 1600 345 3

1700 285 5 1700 225 9

1800 270 2 1800 240 5

1900 270 5 1900 225 8

2000 270 6 2000 255 8

2100 270 3 2100 255 4

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 7

2300 MISSING 2300 270 7

2400 MISSING 2400 255 7


DATE 1484 1584 1684


0100 060 6 0100 045 7

0200 060 7 0200 045 8

0300 060 5 0300 045 8

0400 060 6 0400 045 8

0500 045 6 0500 045 8

0600 045 6 0700 060 7

0700 045 middot 6 0800 045 6

0800 045 6

0900 045 5

1000 045 6

1100 060 6

1200 045 7

1300 045 6

1400 060 7

1500 030 6

1600 015 5

1700 015 4 1700 030 6

1800 015 4 1800 030 5

1900 015 4 1900 030 6

2000 030 4 2000 030 5

2100 030 5 2100 045 6

2200 030 5 2200 045 7

2300 030 6 2300 045 5

2400 030 6 2400 045 6














Oct 1982 T 12 96 27 15 76 84 86 265 288 265 LVI 12 18 9 W 13 10 9 23 17 76 87 88 265 270 275 LVI

Th 14 151 23 1 7 62 74 75 202 222 215 WI NWI 12 15 9

May 1983 T 17 78 32 31 82 88 86 460 516 500 NI W2 15 13 6 W 18 12 1 29 34 76 87 90 433 492 485 SEI NWI 14 15 8

TH 19 66 30 34 88 92 90 469 528 490 LVI NES 10 8 2


Oct 1983 w 5 83 49 30 74 78 86 282 351 306 SI W3 10 15 15

TH 6 94 28 22 78 80 82 274 336 227 NW2 Wl 6 13 13

Jan 1984 w 4 79 81 1 0 58 54 62 141 144 125 EI NE2 8 11 9

TH 5 82 67 1 4 54 51 57 142 72 110 NEI SE2 14 15 10 F 6 80 76 1 0 54 49 56 160 81 85 EI NW2 19 20 14




TA98P 72 1984166665 12 01082550 1428 5999988 0 60000000 58 39999998

TA9BM 72 9 14166666 5 67484565 658 1999995 o 40000000 26 79999995 -~--~bull~----- ---------- -~- --------

13AP 72 020000000 0 24321786 14 4000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

COR 72 0 58055556 0 39B81475 418000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

130 72 0 75000000 0 85B26553 540000000 o 10000000 5 10000000 1middot

PI3F 72 239 69152778 177 68068817 17257 7900000 17 00000000 950 00000000 I

13RF 72 44 50416667 34 50425341 3204 3000000 600000000 18400000000


ZNF 72 24 71250000 1920486248 17793000000 300000000 123 00000000 I FEF 72 12533472222 101 30239095 9024 1000000 1200000000 45000000000


CLF 72 288 53888889 527 75181308 207748000000 12 00000000 305000000000

NIF 72 7 79722222 883981027 561 4000000 200000000 4800000000

SF 72 1794 80000000 1319 22627505 1292256000000 442 00000000 7640 00000000 -- -----

N03 71 7 59577465 4 67578676 5392999998 3 00000000 24 50000000

co 54 1 09999985 0 46702578 59 3999917 0 19999999 2 79999924

NO 63 1 79047593 1 46702605 112 7999833 0 6 39999962 1 N02 69 2 59420248 1 27543350 178 9999712 o 09999996 629999924 I~

~ 03 69 l 99565192 1 45535861 137 6999827 0 5 89999962

802 69 0 36811586 0 75078232 25 3999946 0 4 29999924 I middotbull

1 I1 r-






BRF ---- ---------


ZNF FEF SIF


CLF NIF I a

I J1

TA98P 1 00000 0 0000

72

094186 0 0)01

72

0 45133 0 0001

72

0 54114 0 0001

72

060456 0 0001

72

0 27814 00180

72

039989 0 0005

72

0 26186 00263

middot 72

0 11718 03270

middot- 72

008699 0 4675

72

-001756 -026919 -009966 08836 00222 o 4049


ibull 16

I middotbull

TA98M 0 94186 l 00000 0 48788 043885 0 59108 0 24562 037749 021840 0 12304 o 12537 001425 -022215 -007457 11

0 0001 0 0000 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00376 00011 00653 0 3032 02940 09054 00607 0 5336 1-i

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 1


0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 0011 o 0001 0 5144 00099 0 1959 09493 0 5435 0 5636 09072 03282 I B

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 19

(

COR 0 54114 0 0001

72

0 43885 0 0001

72

037608 0 0011

72

1 00000 00000

72middotmiddot

0 55756 0 70548 073679 0 5B534 0 26894 0 0001 00001 00001 00001 00224


028486 00153

72

0 13409 -o 14507 -020329 02615 02240 0 0868


jI

i bullmiddot

BO 0 60456 0 59108 092099 0 55756 1 00000 0 19453 0431366 0 25566 008036 -005102 -008937 -0 05174 -o 11664 I~ Fgt

1n fl

Imiddotmiddotbull I

fBF

0 0001 72

0 27814 00180

72

0 0001 72

o 2462 00376

72

0 0001 72

o oeHt 0 5144

72

00001 00000 0 1015 00001 0 0302 middot 0 5022 middot 06704 0 4553 0 6660 03292 1-9

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 I o


If

middot BRF 0 39989

0 0005 72

0 37749 0 0011

72

030205 0 0)99

72

0 73679 0 0001

72-

043866 o 0001

72

0 90353 0 0001

72

1 0IJ000 0 82557 0 42057 00000 00001 0 0002

12-- -- 72--middot- 72

060402 0 0001

72

0 40616 -0 01936 0 14256 00004 08718 02322


Hbull

1 middot-middot i

~bull

KF 0 26186 021840 0 15420 0 58534 025566 083143 082557 1 00000 0 43057 o 69375 0 56748 000848 020696 00263 00653 0 1959 00001 00302 00001 00001 00000 00002 00001 0 0001 09437 00811

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

ZNF 011718 0 3270

72

0 12304 -0 00763 0 3032 09493

72 72

0 26894 0 0224

72


72

0 49237 0 0001

72

0middot42557-00002

72


72 72

0 51 986 0 0001

72

03036B 00095

72

middotO 07131--0 5516

72

030021 0 0104

72

middot-- ---f

- i

FEF 0 08699 0 12537 -007278 0 28486 -005102 0 73638 060402 069375 0 51986 1 00000 0 87518 -0 13744 044345 0 4675 0 2940 0 5435 00153 0 6704 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0001 00000 00001 0 2496 00001

I


SIF -001756 001425 -006918 0 13409 -008937 0 52051 0 40616 0 56748 03036B 0 87518 1 00000 -o 10739 0 37160 0 8836 0 9054 0 5636 02615 0 4553 0 0001 00004 00001 00095 0 0001 00000 0 3692 00013

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 i 103


0 0222 0 0607 09072 02240 06660 02149 08718 0 9437 0 5516 0 2496 03692 00000 0 4785 middotbull~

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

NIF -o 09966 0 4049

72

-o 07457 0 5336

72

-0 11687 0 3282

72

-o 20329 0 0868

72

-o 11664 03292

72

0 18383 0 1222

72

0 14256 02322

72

0 20696 0 0811

72

0 30021 0 0104

72

0 44345 0 0001

72

0 37160 -0 08486 0 0013 0 4785

72 72

1 00000 00000

72middot middot ---

11

-middot ~

middotc




SF 0 21728 0 23319 0 27653 0 03011 0 36289 0 03302 0 24073 0 14947 0 14618 -0 07158 -0 03584 -o 03273 0 21207 li 0 0667 0 0487 0 0187 0 8017 0 0017 0 7830 0 0417 02101 02205 0 5502 0 7650 0 7849 0 0737 bull

12 12 12 12- 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 I middot --j

ND3 0 49496 0 51066 0 32107 0 14935 0 47658 -0 03134 0 16413 0 16149 0 22443 -0 08395 -0 07644 -0 01536 0 04641

00001 71

00001 71

00063 71

02138 71

00001 71

07953 71

01714 71

01785 71

00599 71

04864 71

05264 71

08989 71

07007 71

1t Ii

CQ 0 54527 0 0001

0 51478 0 0001

0 22569 0 1008

0 71090 0 0001

0 36294 o 0070

0 63471 0 0001


0 33739 - 0 0126

0 40650 0 0023

0 20033 0 1464

-0 05903 0 6716-

0 25321 0 0647 middot- -middot -

I

-1 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54

gt ND 0 51037 0 44927 033604 049429 044249 0 48813 064595 0 37869 0 12802 027377 0 19516 -0 15416 0 14321 middot11

0 0001 0 0002 0 0071 00001 00003 00001 0 0001 0 0022 03174 0 0299 0 1253 0 2277 0 2628 bull


ND2 0 32113 031262 0 10563 060602 0 17894 082420 069757 0 60710 043082 063826 047300 -0 12231 024964 i~ 0 0071

69 0 0089

69 0 3877

69 0 0001

69 0 1413

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 -0 0002

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 0 3167

69 0 0386

69

- 1 t J

I 03 -0 27144 -0 35349 -0 40103 -O 1~963 -0 43105 -0 00401 -0 21271 0 04710 0 11161 0 18520 0 1901 -0 05802 0 07773 11


802 0 04063 0 05412 -o 02478 -0 27496 -0 02399 -o 08152 0 06775 0 01647 0 04868 0 06690 0 12398 -0 03378- 0 33455 ---1 0 7403

69 0 6587

69 0 8398

69 0 0222

69 o 8449

69 0 5055

69 0 5802

69 0 8932

69 0 6912

69 0 5850

69 0 3101

69 0 7B29 0 0050 fi


SF N03 CO ND N02 03 S02

TA98P 0 21728 049496 0 54527 0 51037 032113 -027144 004063 0 0667

72 0 0001

71 0 0001

54 0 0001

63 0 0071

69 0 0241

69 0 7403

- 69-- -------- - - - - ---1

llltI--- - -- _lI


00487 00001 00001 00002 00089 00029 ~6587 -~ 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 I

3AP 0 27653

o 0101 0 32107

o 0063 0 22569

o 1000 0 33604 -

o 0011 010563 -0 40103 -0 02478-


1I 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 j

COR 0 03011 0 14935 0 71090 0 49429 0 60602 -0 12963 -0 27496 I- 1


BO O 36289 0 47658 0 36294 0 44249 0 17894 -0 43105 -0 02399 bullf1~1

0 0017 0 0001 0 0070 0 0003 0 1413 0 0002 0 8449 middot~ 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 i

bull

P3F O 03302 0 7830

-0 03134 0 7953

0 63471 00001

0 48813 0 0001

082420 0 0001

-0 00401 0 9739

-009152 0 5055

- ~1bull

- 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 c I

bull bull



SF N03 co NO N02 03 S02

BRF 024073 o 16413 0 66256 06495 069757 -021271 006770 00417 0 1714 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00793 0 5902


bull

bull bullQ

KF 0 14947 0 16149 0 49970 037669 060710 0 04710 001647 Ij1102101 0 1785 00001 00022 00001 0 7007 08932 72 71 54 63 69 69 69

I ZNF 0 14618 o 22443 033739 o 12802 043082 0 11161 0 04868


72 71 54 63 69 69 69 ill

~middot ibull

FEF -o 011e -o 0039 040600 0 27377 063826 0 1020 o 0660 0 5502 04864 0 0023 00299 0 0001 0 1276 0 5850


zSIF -o 03584 -o 07644 020033 0 1916 047300 0 19001 0 12398 0 7650 0 5264 0 1464 0 1253 00001 0 1083 03101 1



lbull

3 72 71 54 63 69 69 69

I

NIF

SF

0 21207 0 0737

72

1 00000

0 04641 0 7007

71

0 46209

0 25321 0 0647

54

009243

0 14321 024964 0 07773 02628 00386 0 5255

63 69 69

0 12183 -002183 -026197

0 3345 0 0050

69


13

1 i4 I 4

00000 0 0001 0 5062 03415 08587 0 0297 00122 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 i~


middot1-J

71 71 53 62 68 68 68 15middot

co 0 09243 0 22485 100000 0 67991 0 55757 -o 07620 0 12504

0 5062 54

o 1055 53

00000 54

00001 54

00001 54

0 5839 54

o 3676 54

51r ND 0 12183

03415 0 16421

02022 0 67991

o 0001 1 00000 00000

041523 00007

-o 27091 00317

037215 00027

5bull i

63 62 54 63 63 63 63 1111

jfJ

N02 -0 02183 o 8587

-0 03172 o 7973 middot

0 55757 00001

041523 0 0007

100000 00000

-o 08986 04628


I61 timiddot

69 68 54 63 69 69 69 101 on

03 -o 26197 -029535 -0 07620 -o 27091 -008986 100000 -o 18398 0 0297 0 0145 0 5939 00317 04628 00000 0 1302

69 68 54 63 69 69 69 7

imiddot



SF N03 ca NO N02 03 802

802 0 30023 0 0122

69

0 38607 0 0011

68

0 12504 0 3676

54

0 37215 00027

63

-002262 08536

69

-o 18398 0 1302

69

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TA98M 0 91598 1 00000 0 74963 0 56550 0 71316 0 41446 0 54966 0 40132 0 30860 0 40986 0 18496 -O 15585 064087 00001 0 0000 0 0003 0 0145 0 0009 0 0873 00181 0 0988 02128 00912 0 4625 0 5369 00042 -


COR 0 63507 0 56550 082866 100000 084966 082039 087254 0 75878 037503 049121 0 12672 -021349 O 57042 00046 0 0145 0 0001 00000 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0003 0 1252 0 0384 0 6163 - 0 3950 middot00134

BO 0 70777 0 71316 084923 084966 100000 0 54649 068519 0 55828 034814 0 17373 -021593 -005853 0 55791 0 0010 0 0009 0 0001----0 0001 0 0000 0 0189 - 0 0017 -- 00160~-01568--middot---04906 middot---0-3895--- 09176--00161----_------



3

KF 0 48713 040132 049209 075878 0 55828 0 82598 087204 1 00000 028700 0 63164 041478 -0 13133 0 59330 a

0 0403 0 0988 0 0380 0 0003 o 0160 0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 2482 0 0049 0 0870 0 6035 middot- 0 0094 --


bullI

FEF 035988 040986 040720 049121 0 17373 0 74449 0 69153 0 63164 026191 100000 082141 -0 35441 0 51473 0 1424 0 0912 00935 0 0384 0 4906 00004 00015 0 0049 02938 0 0000 00001 0 1490 00288 -


CLF -031142 -O 15585 -007288 -021349 -005853 -022037 -0 14037 -0 13133 -0 12697 -035441 -033167 1 00000 -025158 0 2084 0 5369 0 7736 0 3950 0 8176 0 3796 0 5785 0 6035 0 6156 0 1490 0 1788 middot 0 0000 0 3139 -


middot SF 0 28894 0 31765 0 24930 0 18004 0 30830 0 16776 0 21522 0 16711 0 63384 -0 12749 -0 23080 -0 17360 0 21072 0 2449 0 1990 0 3185 0 4747 0 2132 0 5058 0 3911 0 5075 00047 06142 03568 0 4909 0 4013

N03 0 55567 0 0167

0 61048 0 0071

0 27834 0 2634

020313 0 4188

0 52764 0 0244

-0 12527 0 6204

0 03163 0 9008

0 03703 0 8840 middot

0 10979 middotO 6645

-0 26820 0 2819

-0 26761 0 2830

0 09971 033508 0 6938 ---middotO 1741-----~ middotf

co 0 70534 0 0011

0 70511 0 0011

0 72011 0 0008

0 77904 0 0001

065976 0 0029

0 77245 0 0002

0 81431 0 0001

0 68611 0 0017

0 69558 00013

0 59428 0 0093

0 27833 -021896 02634 0 3827

0 69202 00015

ND 0 58992 0 0100

0 50579 0 0322

0 55139 0 0177

0 56017 0 0156

042220 o 0809

0 68843 0 0016

0 70372 0 0011

0 67002 0 0028

037301 0 1274

062731 o 0053

034285 0 1637

-0 40289 0 0974

0 58109 0 0114--- -- - ~

--- ------ --





03 -033221 -049548 -038254 -0 12175 -045888 -000093 -0 13765 0 12685 -o 18999 023454 045794 -020550 -006538 0 1780 00365 0 1172 06303 00554 09971 0 5860 06160 0 4502 03489 00560 04133 0 7966

S02 -025143 -025953 -032437 -026536 -050654 -001752 -o 13897 -o 03603 0 10613 0 28547 048439 -021512 -020854 03142 0 2983 0 1891 02872 0 0319 0 9450 0 5823 08871 06751 02508 00416 03913 0 4063

-- middot~- ------ -----~-~F N03 co NO N02 03 802

TA98P 0 28894 0 55567 0 70534 0 58992 025001 -o 33221 -025143 0 2449 00167 0 0011 00100 03170 0 1780 03142


TA98M 031765 061048 0 70511 0 50579 022673 -049548 -025953 1 0 1990 0 0071 0 0011 00322 0 3656 00365 02983


03185 02634 00008 0 0177 0 0104 0 1172 0 1891 i - -- --------

COR 0 18004 020313 0 77904 0 56017 0 74041 -0 12175 -026536 0 4747 04188 00001 00156 o 0004 06303 02872

I 1-middotmiddot

I 130 0 30830 0 52764 0 65976 0 42220 049444 -o 45888 -o 50654 0 2132 0 0244 0 0029 0 0809 o 0370 00554 00319


PBF 0 16776 -0 12527 0 77245 068843 083711 -000093 -001752 0 5058 06204 00002 00016 00001 09971 09450

13RF 021522 0 03163 081431 0 70372 0 76285 -o 13765 -0 13897 0 3911 0 9008 00001 00011 00002 0 5860 05823

--- -- ---------- ----middot- - ----- - -- --- middot- --~---- -- --- - - --- --- - ---

KF 0 16711 003703 068611 067002 045880 0 12685 -003603 0 5075 08840 00017 00023 00555 06160 0 8871

i ZNF 0 63384 0 10979 069558 037301 042236 -0 18999 0 10613I 00047 06645 00013 0 1274 o 0808 0 4502 06751


i FEF -0 12749 -026820 0 59428 062731 0 53119 023454 0 28547 06142 02819 0 0093 00053 00233 03489 02508 - - t

SIF -0 23080 -026761 0 27833 034285 006999 0 45794 0 48439 0 3568 0 2830 0 2634 0 1637 o 7826 00560 00416middot


CLF -0 17360 009971 -021896 -0 40289 -020935 -0 20550 -021512 le

0 4909 06938 0 3827 0 0974 o 4044 04133 03913

NIF 0 21072 0 33508 0 69202 0 58109 0 50099 -o 06538 -o 20854 170 4013 0 1741 00015 0 0114 00342 0 7966 0 4063

I



I


SF 1 00000 0 46453 0 37823 0 07208 006238 -031989 0 0000 0 0521 0 1217 0 7762 0 8058 0 19561middot

ND3 0 46453 1 00000 0 24259 -0 18670 -0 14874 -~ 45076 00521 0 0000 0 3321 0 4582 0 5558 0 0605

co 0 37823 0 24259 1 00000 0 71631 0 54136 -0 14710 0 1217 03321 00000 00008 00203 0 5602

NO 007208 -0 18670 0 71631 1 00000 034371 0 02900 0 7762 0 4582 00008 0 0000 0 1626 09091

ND2 0 06238 -0 14874 0 54136 0 34371 1 00000 -0 07769 0 8058 0 5558 00203 0 1626 0 0000 0 7593


03 -o 31989 -045076 -o 14710 002900 -007769 1 00000 o 1956 00605 o 5602 0 9091 o 7593 0 0000


802

001000 09686


-0 36811 0 1328

o 010s 0 9418

- - -- ~middot-----

0 04331 0 8645 middot

-o 12657 06167



middot- 802 001000 -o 36811 001855 0 04331 -0 12657 0 50537 1 00000 0 9686 0 1328 0 9418 0 8645 06167 0 0324 0 00001bullI



VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

middotmiddot MEAN

15 53333332

STD DEV

1160724924


279 59999980


1 70000000

f1Aft

3800000000

2

3

4

0

7

TAJBM

BAP

16

18

0 2222222

0 18888889

470526100

0 17111705

124 -99P5

3 40000000


o 10000000


JI0 70000000 12

COR 18 060555556 038267206 1089999999 o 10000000 1 60000000


PBF 18 191 83333333 142 44844269 345300000000 4900000000 57600000000


u

ZNF 18 23 16666667 2935432627 41700000000 3 00000000 123 00000000 I 2E

FEF 18 77 33333333 76 15309657 139200000000 1200000000 29000000000 12


3~ ~l~ 3gt

CLF 18 55633333333 921 65918162 1001400000000 1200000000 NIF 18 633333333 5 58358940 114 00000000 2 00000000 2000000000


N03 17 720588235 409946194 122 49999993 350000000 1629999995

co 18 1 15555547 036817857 20 79999846 o 50000000 209999943


N02 18 2 21111060 1 12453320 39 79999083 069999999 5 29999924 gt


((

01

6


6 omiddot 6(


6 7(

7

7 middot-----7

7 7(




18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

TA98M 0 92786 l 00000 0 72027 0 55831 0 82658 0 36347 0 72067 0 30814 0 19909 0 183B1 0 27021 -o 24485 0 16441 00001 0 0000 0 0007 0 0160 00001 0 1382 0 0007 02135 0 4284 o 4653 02782 03275 0 5145

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 middot~ _ ~

IMP 0 694~9 0 72027 100000 026151 0 90959 0 02019 0 41595 0 08606 -003357 -0 09269 o 06630 -o 11526 -o 03899 0 0014 00007 0 0000 0 2945 o 0001 09366 00860 0 7342 08948 0 7145 0 7938 06488 0 0779

18 18 18 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

COR 0 74542 0 55831 026151 l 00000 0 55119 080568 0 79948 0 64018 0 55552 0 63819 0 71161 -0 17908 020556 0 0004 00160 0 29-45 -- 0 0000 0 0177 00001 00001 0 0042-- 00167 0 0044 - 0-0009-middot 0-4771 ---0 4132----~

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

BO 087202 082658 0 90959 0 55119 1 00000 030154 0 63241 0 29046 0 14882 0 16657 0 29835 -o 22686 middot 0 12310 --i 0 0001 0 0001 0 0001 0 0177 0 0000 0 240 00049 02423 0 5556 0 5089 02292 03653 0 6265


0 0127 0 1382 0 9366 0 0001 o 2240 0 0000 00001 0 0001 00010 0 0001 00001 0 6660 0 0110 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

KF 0 51850 0 30814 008606 064018 029046 0 87240 0 72937 1 00000 0 70005 087520 0 85297 0 12863 0 58343 0 0275 0 2135 0 7342 0 0042 0 2423 00001 0 0006 00000 00012 0 0001 00001 0 6110 0 0110

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -middotmiddot-----~-- --

ZNF 030529 0 19909 -003357 0 55552 0 14882 0 70828 0 59161 0 70005 1 00000 087145 0 54483 0 11953 0 54444 0 2180 0 4284 08948 0 0167 0 5556 00010 00097 00012 00000 0 0001 00194 0 6366 0 0195

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

FEF 0 38214 0 18381 -0 09269 063819 0 16657 083543 0 60433 0 87520 0 87145 100000 0 78481 -0 00453 0 61174 0 1176 0 4653 0 7145- 0 0044 0 5089 00001 00079 0 0001-- --0 0001 -0 0000 -- 0-0001 -- 0 9858----- 0 00-10----- ----1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18i1middotmiddot

SIF 0 52537 027021 0 06630 0 71161 029835 0 79259 0 58652 0 85297 0 5~483 0 78481 1 00000 -007886 0 51571 0 0252 0 2782 0 7938 0 0009 0 2292 00001 0 0105 00001 00194 0 0001 0 0000 0 7558 00285


CLF -0 28647 -o 24485 -o 11526 -0 17908 -022686 -o 10927 0 07669 0 12863 0 11953 -000453 -o 07886 1 00000 -0 20751 0 2491 03275 0 6488 0 4771 0 3653 06660 0 7623 06110 06366 0 9858 0 7558 0 0000 04087

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 29335 0 16441 -003899 0 20556 0 12310 0 58337 034274 0 58343 0 54444 0 61174 0 51571 -o 20751 1 00000 02374 0 5145 0 8779 0 4132 06265 0 0110 0 1638 0 0110 0 0195 o 0070 0 0285 04087 0 0000 -- --- -- ---

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




SF 0 71313 083969 0 71558 0 22603 o 72637 0 09862 0 44639 0 10128 -005963 -005255 0 12180 -030267 022105 00009 0 0001 00008 03671 0 0006 06970 00633 06892 0 8142 0 8359 06302 02222 03781


ND3 0 70324 0 68520 0 57713 037124 069133 0 40748 0 55993 0 54401 0 50399 0 50803 0 47233 -o 14438 061873 00016 00024 00153 0 1423 0 0021 0 1045 00194 00240 00391 0 0373 00556 0 5B04 0 0081

17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


2N02 0 59259 039963 0 16270 067239 035817 089205 078246 0 92474 074285 087231 080553 005950 064767 -2


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 3


3502 0 75127 0 67523 073330 0 52519 0 78480 0 37019 0 57116 0 50172 044426 0 49609 0 55138 -o 08942 029820 30 0003 00021 00005 0 0252 00001 0 1305 00133 00339 0 0647 00363 00177 0 7242 02294


SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 I~

TA98P 0 71313 o 70324 066396 083251 059259 -037864 075127 middot - --- - ----- -- -- - --- -- ------- -f

bull1


middotTA98M 083969 0 68520 0 50083 0 77972 039963 -o 46393 067523

Cl 00001 00024 00343 00001 o 1004 00525 00021


00008 0 0153 03691 00023 o 5189 00024 00005 (

1B 17 18 18 18 18 18 6bull



i 18 17 18 18 18 18 18 o

130 0 72637 0 69133 0 43936 0 77128 035817 -o 54332 middoto 784Bo 00006 0 0021 00681 0 0002 o 1444 00198 0 0001

18 17 18 18 18 18 18 -------- lr

7

middot 7lt

17

- --- ---



SF N03

PBF 0 09862 0 40748 0 6970 0 1045

18 17

DRF 0 44639 0 55993 0 0633 0 0194

18 17

KF 0 10128 0 54401 0 6892 00240

18 17

ZNF -005963 0 50399 0 8142 0 0391

18 17

FEF -005205 0 50803 0 8359 0 0373

I 18 17 bull 1



02222 0 5804 18 17

NIF 0 22103 061873 0 3781 00081

18 17

i SF l 00000 0 64435 I 00000 00052

18 17 I


111 co 0 15196 0 31686Imiddot

0 5472 02153 18 17

NO 0 48753 0 43096 o 0401 0 0842

18 17

ND2 0 14107 0 59138 b 5766 0 0124

18 17

2

co

0 76253

NO

0 57718

N02

089205

03

o 18401

802


3


18 0 0121

18 0 0001

18 0 4648

18 0 1305


-middot - bull 10

0 78881 0 0001

18

0 72386

087660 0 0001

18

045750

0 78246 -026944 0 0001 0 2796

18 18

092474 024139

0 57116 00133

18



00007 18

0 0563 18

0 0001 18

03346 18

00339 18

IA

060760 037468 074285 030709 o 44426 00075

-- 18 0 1255

---- 18 0 0004

18--0 2151

18 0 0647




3018 18 18 18 18


0 0012 0 1217 0 0001 0 3555 0 0177 4 18 18 18 18 18 30


41

4

0 11923 0 02979 064767 0 25318 0 29820 06375 0 9066 00037 03107 0 2294

4018 18 18 18 18 4


0 5472 00401 0 5766 00646 00134 18 18 18 18 18 -Imiddot

5bull1031686 0 43096 0 59138 -0 15354 0 78859 0 2153 00842 00124 0 5563 0 0002



18 18 18 18 18 lo=bull 1r1


18 18 18 18 18 ltP

j1~1

bull1110 70880 0 55764 1 00000 0 05266 0 59471 I 0 0010 0 0162 0 0000 0 8356 00092 71i


_




03 -o 44444 -o 15354 -001013 -0 53711 005266 1 00000 -0 32031 bi 0 0646 0 5563 09682 00215 o 8356 00000 0 1950

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

b

802 0 57071 0 78859 o ~1216 061918 0 ~9471 -o 32031 1 00000 00134 00002- middot 00218 00061 00092 0 1950 00000

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

i 1111

1 ~

ilt1i -

i)

I middot


TA98P

TA9811

BAP

CDR

N MEAN

18 27 34444442

18 12 22222221

18 o 32222222

18 0 87222222



I

6 1gt9245012 219 99999975 3 40000000 2b 79999995 1~1 -

0 42086124 5 79999999 o 10000000 160000000 11

036267885 1569999999 030000000 160000000 H BO

PBF

BRF

18 1 11gt111111

18 28700000000

18 52 00000000

130435420 20 89999999 o 10000000 5 10000000 1 111 14902348808 516600000000 8600000000 667 00000000 I J ~

I ~ middot1 I

1-middot11

3438B78066 93600000000 600000000 125 00000000

KF 18 13083333333

99 97249622 35500000000 3600000000 406-00000000 1middot1

ZNF

FEF

18 20 22222222

18 9322222222

middot bullbull 1


40 25030659 1678 00000000 2000000000 18000000000 -

SIF

CLF

NIF

SF

16 20amp50000000


18 266666667


--


i1

218 211H369 2277 00000000 1800000000 971 00000000 1


tbullmiddot 1111


ND3 18 704444444 -- - -----


co 18 1 19999973 0 39704784 a 59999514 o 19999999 189999962



03 18 1 62222203 1 55433184 29 19999653 0 4 59999943

602 18 o 03888888 I bullbullI

008498365 019999987 0 0 29999995- I I


--




TA98P 1 00000 0 95880 0 33769 030796 045622 -o 14393 008990 0 05364 -o 13524 0 00460 -o 06952 002155 -001755 00000 0 0001 0 1705 0 2138 00570 0 5688 07228 08326 0 5926 09855 o 7840 09324 09449

TA98H 0 95880 1 00000 041939 0 16604 049250 -026445 -004611 -0 08562 -0 17367 -0 11225 -0 16946 0 01194 -o 13945 00001 0 0000 00932 0 5102 00379 02889 08558 07355 04907 06574 0 5014 09625 0 5810 middot

BAP 0 33769 0 41939 1 00000 0 18156 095321 -o 26383 0 15729 0 13137 -0 03319 -0 35950 -0 12397 0 54944 0 18677 0 1705 o 0832 00000 0 4709 00001 02901 0 5331 06033 08960 0 1429 06241 00182 04580


BO 0 45622 0 49250 095321 035446 100000 -0 14965 028353 0 20042 0 04606 -0 30491 -0 11295 0 51501 022571 - 1

00570 00379 0 0001 0 1490 0 0000 0 5534 02542 04252 08560middot 02186 06554 00287 0 3678 1 Ibull

i iPBF -0 14393 -0 26445 -o 26383 070265 -0 14965 100000 0 84410 0 73014 0 17409 084866 0 75510 -o 11898 063813


I


JbullII


111


middot1 FEF 0 00460 -0 11225 -03~950 0 60364 -030491 084866 065601 0 70146 001902 100000 090712 -023023 060387


0 7840 05014 06241 00066 06554 00003 00009 00001 0 7926 00001 00000 08816 00003 i i iI

CLF 002155 001194 o 54944 -006136 0 51501 -0 11898 0 30259 o 22757 044606 -023023 003781 100000 001395 09324 0 9625 -middot- 0 0182 -08089 00287 06382 - o 2223 03638 00635 03580 08816 00000 - o-1562 - I


09449 0 5B10 0 4580 00002 0367B 00044 00010 00001middot 0 7607 00080 00003 09562 00000 NIF -0 01755 -o 13945 0 18677 0 77235 022571 063813 0 70691 0 91863 -0 07721 060387 0 74978 001395 1 00000

I SF

ND3

-0 00948 09702

0 57359 00128

-0 06773 0 7895

0 54898 00183

041263 00888-

0 70681 00010

001B84 09409-

037109 0 1295

045817 00559

0 62110 0 0001

004542 08580

-0 12277 0 6274

042099 00819

023617 03454

o 31931 0 1965-

0 19639 04348

0 61671 -0 15333 00064 0 5436

006757 -022576 0 7899 0 3677

005262 0 8357

-008816 0 7280

091598 00001

026757 02831

006616 0 7942

022764 03636

iCbull

i i

co 0 55631 0 0165

0 52842 00242

004224 08678

0 49836 00353

0 14993 0 5526

038285 0 1169

035844 0 1441

o 20851 0 4064

-o 20481 0 4149

030973 0 2110

0 18727 0 4568

-0 27334 0 2724

023756 03425

NO 0 32544 0 1876

0 25876 02998

021495 03917

0 75467 00003

035989 0 1424

0 62866 00052

0 69713 00013

0 50726 00317

-0 07765 0 7594

0 38188 0 1179

0 33233 -002472 0 1779 09224

0 51261 00296


l

N02

TA98P

0 04264 0 8666

TA98M

004085 0 8721

CORRELATION

BAP COR

-o 26388 049516 02900 0 0367



-024236 0 59937 036052 0 42562 -005869 0 64556 03325 00086 0 1416 00782 0 8171 00038

SIF

0 51792 00277

CLF

-0 37459 0 1256

NJF

045314 0 0590

--pmiddot1 _ ___ l-1 I I ~ i

i -

03 -o 08513 0 7370

-o 10636 0 6744

-o 40365 00967

-o 10841 06685

-039356 o 1061

0 16868 0 5034

-004380 o 8630

0 03076 0 9036

036536 0 1360

0 29733 02308

02893 -o 24712 02501 03228

000644 0 9798

))

S02 0 37814 0 40175 0 40203 -0 07740 031162 -o 11333 0 17914 0 13582 o 16193 0 00068 0 12285 0 68627 -o 08408 0 1218 0 0984 00982 0 7602 0 2081 06543 0 4769 0 5910 0 5209 09979 0 6272 00017 0 7401 middot

I


i I j

TA98P -o 00948 0 57359 0 55631 032544 004264 -008513 037814 11


TA98M -006773 0 54898 0 52842 025876 004085 -o 10636 04017 0 7895 0 0183 00242 0 2998 08721 06744 0 0984


IMP 0 41263 0 70681 0 04224 0 21495 -026388 -o 40365 040203 1middotr 0 0888 0 0010 08678 0 3917 02900 00967 0 0982 I


COR 0 01884 0 9409

0 37109 0 1295

0 49836 0 0353

0 75467 00003

049516 00367

-o 10841 06685

-o 07740 0 7602



00559 00001 0 5526 0 1424 03325 0 1061 02081 I 11

I 4 I

PBF 0 04542 0 8580

-0 12277 06274

0 38285 0 1169

0 62866 00052

0 59937 o 0086

0 16868 0 5034

-o 11333 06543 i I


KF

00819

0 31931

03454

0 19639

0 1441

020851

00013

0 50726

o 1416

042562

08630

0 03076

0 4769

0 13582

1ilvl

0 1965 0 4348 04064 00317 00782 09036 0 5910 bull I

--- --- -1middot ti

ZNF 0 61671 0 06757 -o 20481 -o 07765 -005869 o 36536 0 16193 )

00064 0 7899 0 4149 0 7594 08171 0 1360 0 5209 I

FEF -o 15333 -o 22576 0 30973 088188 064556 0 29733 000068 I 0 5436 0 3677 02110 0 1179 0 0038 02308 0 9979

i

6IF 0 05262 -008816 0 18727 033233 0 51792 0 28593 0 12285 1middot 11- I

08357 0 7280 0 4568 0 1779 o 0277 0 2501 06272 bull middot1

CLF 0 91 598 026757 -o 27334 -o 02472 -037459 -0 24712 068627 0 0001 0 2831 o 2724 0 9224 o 1256 03228 0 0017

NIF 0 06616 022764 0 23756 0 51261 045314 0 00644 -008408 0 7942 0 3636 03425 0 0296 0 0590 0 9798 0 7401

I -

--1



SF 1 00000 033200 -029567 -000496 -03B569 -0 14233 049893 1middot

ND3

co

NO

N02

03

502

0 0000

0 33200 0 1783

-0 29567 0 2336

-000496 0 9844

-0 3B569 0 1139

-o 14233 0 5732

0 49893 00351

0 1783

1 00000 00000

027495 02695

0 25388 03094

-0 34866 0 1562

001501 0 9529

0 12659 06167

0 2336

027495 0 2695

1 00000 00000

071100 00009

0 46975 00492

o 10103 0 6900

000000 1 0000

09844

0 2538B 03094

0 71100 0 0009

1 00000 00000

0 44577 00637

-o 15038 0 5514

001706 0 9464

0 1139 0 5732 00351

-034866 0 01501 0 12659 0 1562 0 9529 06167

0 46975 0 10103 000000 0 0492 06900 1 0000

044577 -0 15038 0 01706 00637 0 5514 09464

1 00000 000732 -o 11744 o 0000 0 9770 06426

000732 100000 -o 16279 09770 00000 0 5187

- -

-o 11744 -o 16279 100000 06426 0 5187 00000

-- --~-- ---------- - - ---middot


11middot I bull


11 4

----- -~- ---------i ~

II-1lt1

41

-1middot_I j

_

) I

1bull bullI I

[

~-- J

-i I I

_

_

i _

i i

I I -_

SAS STATION=7996


VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

MEAN

1407777777

STD DEV

8 17554139

SUM

25339999978

MINIMUM

o 60000000

MAXIMUM

28 39999998

Imiddot1 I


BAP

CDR

18

18

18

707222222

0 13888889

032222222

426391225

006978023

025565500

12729999995

2 50000000

580000000

040000000

o 10000000

o 10000000

t4 20000000

0 30000000

090000000

I

middot1

BO

PBF

BRF

KF

ZNF

FEF

SIF


18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

o 48333333

22826611111

44 46111111

139 52777778

24 73888889

17422777778

450951555556

26421111111

031482955

20203637gt56

3533125826

115 77552218

15 52118624

125 44174090

33441987385

21783477519

B 70000000

4108 79000000

BOO 30000000

2511 50000000

44530000000 ~---middotmiddot--

3136 10000000


4755 80000000

--

o 10000000

1700000000

700000000

3700000000

400000000

1700000000

7900000000

1900000000

1 20000000 I 11

77100000000 middot1 1-li

13000000000 middot- 11


i-11 7400000000 middot-I



Ibull

89300000000 i~I middot-------middot- - -------- -------- (

NIF 18 1685555555 1260598468 303 39999998 200000000 48 00000000 1

SF

N03

ND

18

18

9

1968 4222222


2 71111094

115393953280

565174506

1 72224005

35431 60000000 middot

140 59999998

24 39999843

54100000000

300000000

029999995

5790c 00000000

24 50000000

6 39999962

bulliI _t

I I

I

ND2 16 269999966 149092499 4049999332 l 19999981 b 19999981

03 15 1 77333314 1 20621393 26 59999704 middot-middot - -

0 3 19999981

S02 15 1 35333300 1 14633970 2029999506 029999995 4 29999924


i middotj

bull-li


--




TA98P 1 00000 o 92935 0 28825 -o 01129 048961 0 13388 033461 0 18025 0 13720 -002539 -0 16409 -o 32350 0 10007 00000 00001 02461 09645 00392 05964 0 1747 0 4742 05872 09204 o 0153 0 1904 06928 i

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 1d

TA98M 092935 1 00000 032610 0 15817 046062 033824 0 47603 034902 033729 0 16881 0 01959 -026313 0 12028 rmiddot ii 00001 00000 0 1866 0 5308 00544 0 1698 00458 0 1557 0 1711 0 0031 09385 02914 06345

I18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

1


I02461 0 1866 00000 00010 00001 00126 00006 00165 0 1587 00717 0 1419 03167 03501 18 18 10- 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 - i

I(



00392 00544 00001 0 0048 00000 00571 00022 00494 03512 02678 03858 03432 0 1697 JIbull


0 1747 o 0458 - 0 0006 - 00001 00022 00001 00000 - 0 0001 00017 00002 00085 06294 0 7840 18 18 1B 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 ) 1)

ZNF 0 1370 03379 034666 0 54174 023343 074960 068574 065671 1 00000 0 72305 0 54970 -o 18941 049618 I li0 5872 o 1711 0 1587 00202 03512 00003 00017 00031 00000 00007 00181 04516 00362


~ i bull FEF -0 02539 0 16881 0 43439 0 76834 027588 090022 0 76972 0 80442 0 72305 1 00000 090809 -0 118f4 033937

I 0 9204 0 5031 00717 00002 02678 0 0001 00002 0 0001 00007 00000 00001 06406 0 1683 middotmiddotI

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18



CLF -0 32350 -0 26315 -0 25018 -001103 -023724 -005122 -0 12210 0 00024 -0 18941 -o 11814 0 15372 100000 -027728 1

0 1904 02914 03167 0 9653 03432 08400 06294 09993 0 4516 06406 0 5425 o 0000 02653 -18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 10007 0 12028 -o 23398 -0 19023 -0 33828 0 18641 0 06953 0 09793 0 49618 0 33937 0 14030 -0 27728 100000 0 6928 06345 03501 0 4496 o 1697 04589 o 7840 06991 0 0362 o 1683 0 5787 02653 00000 1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




N03 0 63242 0 56885 0 15694 -000873 0 46691 -0 10536 0 10681 0 06973 006362 -0 26846 -023405 0 06398 -023346 II

I-0 0049 0 0138 0 5340 0 9726 0 0508 0 6773 0 6731 0 7834 0 B020 02814 03499 08009 0 3512 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

11bull ii(


NO 0 55212 0 48690 082799 051547 0 73964 036537 o 5~405 0 17045 0 43112 0 13157 -o 01367 -o 31045 -o 14897 1 0 1232 0 1838 0 0058 0 1555 0 0227 0 3336 0 1217 0 6611 0 2466 0 7358 0 9722 0 4162 0 7021


llt

I 3


I 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

rj 00767 00389 00666 0 1729 00134 03732 00908 03811 02595 09573 08808 0 5762 03102 l

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 3i ~802 0 73863 0 58663 041270 -001688 0 52023 -o 14223 0 14874 -o 06508 -004904 -o 32131 -031231 0 15680 -022241 n0 0017 00215 0 1263 0 9524 00468 06131 0 5968 0 8177 08622 02429 02571 0 5768 04256

16 16 15- ---- - 15 15 15 15 15-- - 15 -- 15 -- --15 --15------ --- -15------ -- middot

middot I



18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1 iIll


bulls_18 18 0 9 15 15 15i -- ----------[


t1

COR -o 02761 -0 00873 0 51547 074490 -0 37138 -001688 04


BO 0 18682 0 46691 0 73964 033341 -062129 0 52023 lti 0 4579 0 0508 0 0227 02246 00134 0046B 1(l

7118 18 0 9 15 15 15 --- - -middot ~



3 2

SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 3

4

bull PBF 0 15363 -0 10536 036537 093532 -0 24779 -0 14223 bull


BRF 0 231B4 0 106B1 0 55405 083513 -045195 0 14874 I

0 3546 0 6731 0 1217 00001 00908 0 596B 18 18 0 9 15 15 15

Imiddot

KF 0 33801 0 0673 0 17045 085814 -024388 -006508 - -- - --- - - middot- 0 1701 0 7834 0 6611 o 0001 03B11 08177

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1I

ZNF 0 36622 006362 0 43112 0 74557 -0 310B0 -004904 1 0 1350 08020 02466 0 0014 02595 08622

2 18 18 0 15 - 15 15 ---------- -1_

FEF 001413 -026846 0 13157 093257 -001512 -032131 2


0956 0 2814 0 735B 00001 0 9573 0242 3

3




NIF 0 23057 -023346 -o 14897 032692 028110 -0 22241 0 3573 03512 0 7021 02343 03102 0 4256

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 SF l 00000 066667 --- ----- middot-00573b - 0 1724~ -041658 052203

00000 00025 08835 0 5389 0 1224 00459 I 18 18 0 9 15 15 151middot I 1 N03 0 66667 1 00000 022436 -009255 -o 58411 079808


I I co

fi


0 8835 0 5617 00000 06093 0 4302 00973 bullmiddot 9 9 0 9 9 9 9

N02 0 17244 -o 09255 0 19817 100000 -009374 -0 16884 0 5389 0 7429 06093 00000 0 7397 0 5475

15 15 0 9 15 15 15 7

7



SF N03 co NO N02 03 S 2

03 -o 41658 -o 58411 -o 30163 -009374 1 00000 -o 56403 0 1224 0 0222 04302 o 7397 00000 00285


S02 0 52203 0 79808 0 58598 -0 16884 -0 56403 1 00000 0 0459 0 0004 0 0973 0 5475 00285 00000

15 15 0 9 15 15 15

i I fbull





--

bullbull






e 6 7430 813 73 0 19 0 0 6 3 4 4 0 1 O l 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 1 3 2 2 2 0 9 bull 1 7430 821 58 035 57 94 59 03 05 18 09 13 132 97 80 32


18



23 16 7433 801 64 0 57 9 1 9 2 56 03 03 2 7 1 5 0 5 12 3 6 B 69 33


26

27 5 4 0 3 0 3 2 5 l 4 0 7 12 1 6 B 3 6 7 0


SI a --~- 823 4lt 020 65 29 35 01 01 11 12 01 33 126 26 06(__137

25 7433 831 51 0 32 7 0 52 58 06 09 48 3 5 17 14 7 66 7B 34 lJ



Ul3B 30



44 31 _ 7440 801 73 069 77 112 107 06 13 41 19 33 48 12 77 24


36 7440 813 52 0 27 6 1 6 1 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 3 0 2 7 4 4 2 3 4 1 2 ~ 37 7440 821 61 050 44 83 107 06 15 40 18 29 55 35 30 17

88 7440- -- - 822 43 0 24 4 b 4 7 2 6 middot 0 1 -0 1 0 7 0 4 0 2 6 6 4 7 8 0 3 2 39 7440 823 39 0 24 4 9 4 4 2 9 0 1 ~- 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 17 1 5 4 6 1 7 M 40 7440 831 56 J42 41 69 106 10 c3 75 48 45 148 52 106 30


_ tor

----------------------------------------------- ---------------

__




1tl1-

1-1) i ~ I





i lili


I middot1middot1

~ i -

------------------------- I bull

Imiddot I

ii middot

II

j I

I iI


APPENDIX V







Annual -004 0001 Annual 009 050





TSP Winter -7 010

Spring -2 042

Summer -3 034

Annual -4 012

so4 Winter -09 016

Spring 005 063

Summer -06 024

Annual -05 011


Spring aa 099

Summer -04 021

Annual -02 042

BAP Winter 5 014

Spring aa 056

Summer aa 100

Annual 004 012


11111i~~li~~IIII 07488






















(Union)










-vi-





-vii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract iii



List of Tables xvii







-viii-





A Summary 11

B Introduction 12



E Conclusions 21





A Introduction 22



-ix-

26

CHAPTER IV

REFERENCES





0 Conclusions 44




A Introduction 46



0 Conclusions 54

56

-x-

62 APPENDICES












-xi-

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


















-xii-

LIST OF FIGURES



County California


3d



















out 59 (c) 19b




-xiii-





March-June) 50a





March-June) 50b










March-June) 50d





March-June) 50e








-xiv-


































-xv-














-xvi-

LIST OF TABLES






Identification 3c












Six

29a



Three

29b



Six

32a



Six

32b

-xvii-






Samples 1982-1984 32d



Samples 1982-1984 32e












Density (+S9) 34b



Density (+S9) 34c

-xviii-





Benzanthrone 36b



Richmond

38a



Martinez

38b



Concord

38c





at Richmond 40a



at Martinez 40b



at Concord 40c

-xix-



at Pittsburg 40d



















-xx-



June 1984

at

48a



1979-June 1984 48b









-xxi-

D-IAPTER I

PROJECT SUMMARY











and investigation



















-1-




~ 0



-la-































-2-









Tables I-1 and 2



















-3-

TABLE 1-1


TSP

so= 4

NO -3

ORG

BAP

BKF

BGP

COR

BZO

PBF

BRF

FEF

SIF

KF

ZNF

SF

CLF

M39BPS9

M398MS9

M398NRM

NR98M3

ORG98PS9

ORG98MS9

03 co NO

N02

so2


Sulfate Mass

Nitrate Mass


Benzo(a)pyrene


Benzo(ghi)perylene

Coronene


Fine fraction Lead


Fine fraction Iron



Fine fraction Zinc







Ozone

Carbon Monoxide

Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Sulfur dioxide


3ngm

3ngm

3ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3

ngm 3

ngm 3


revmicrog

rev microg

pphm

ppm

pphm

pphm

pphm

-3a-

TABLE 1-2




TSP

so -4

N03

ORG

PAH

Mutagens

Trace elements

so2

Pb only














Gravimetric

Turbidimetric

Colorimetric

Benzene extraction

HPLC - fluorescence

Standard Ames test


X-ray fluorescence

II ii


Chemiluminescence

Infrared absorption

Fluorescence

-3b-

TABLE 1-3







Mutagenicity PAH


Agency Performing

Analysis


AIHL AIHL

DHS-LBL

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD



Collect Gas Data

NO X

co



6 pm 6 am

Analytical Method


Ames HPLC






-3c-




FIGURE I-2

-3d-

































-4-

I + PJ I




by GC-MS HPLC

(AIHL)

Analyzed for Pb by


To BAAOMD

i ----


(BAAOMD)

FILTERS


(AIHL)

Ar------ -----

Igt

_J_

frac14dt ~--

I

(Supple t ment)



middot

bull

bullbull

TSP Gravimetrically

(BAAOMD)

~

I


(AIHL)

DATA BANK (AIHL)



each 4 months








of 10 were observed




factor



aerosol mutagens









(21)

-5-











wide








Angeles












-6-


































-7-



3 -











(28)



trends





tion







-8-




responsible










3 -





3

Gas phase HNO3













-9-
























-10-

CHAPTER II




A Summary























-11-

B Introduction






















mutagens










-12-


l Chemicals


























Berkeley California

-13-

















50 litersmin

















-14-













used throughout



















-15-










1 Chemical Mutagens






















-16-

TABLE 11-1



Chemical Plate


Suspension







experiment

-16a-
































-17-

TABLE 11-2







(revnmol)

Composite Berkeley


(revm3)


-17a-


1000

(a)+ S9

UJ E-lt -l 0

800


600E-z lt E-0 UJ gt

400

Ul 0

00

deg 200lt E-

0 ----~P----------------~------ 0 10 20 30 40 50



(f)


deg lt E-

300

200

100

Microsuspension

0

Plate Incorporation

0 _________________ ______

0 10 20 30 40 50


-17b-

00
































-18-

I I- oi Pl I

200 ---------------------------------

-

150 -

100 -


~f~t~fWW

50 lI



TIME OF DAY


M e ()


r IJJ z

6am



























at the site





-19-


E


deg lt f-

EshyuJ z

800 ---------------------------------~

-

600 -

-

400 -

-

200 -


1------1

10am 2pm


6pm

TIME OF DAY

Cl C

E

C

E (J

10pm 2am 6am6am

800 -------------------------------


E

600 -(JJ

Eshyz

-lt EshyC tJJ

400 -gt tJJ c

deg 00

lt -

E-

EshytJJ z

11111111111111111

l


TIME OF DAY

-19a-

6am


1200

1000 E

_ ltJ)


00 c

400ltC 1--

1--UJ z 200

0



TIME OF DAY

1200 --------------------------------


degE _ ltJ)

1-- 800 z ltC 1--c ~ 600 UJ 0

00

~ 400 I-I--UJ z 200

0


TIME OF DAY

200 ---------------------------------


150 (I)

1-shyz ltC 1--0 UJ

100gt UJ 0

00 c ltC 1--

1-shy so UJ z

0


TIMEOF DAY

-19b-
























sampling sites






-20-

TABLE 11-3




+59 -59


1920-705

(113-11482)

710-1915

(11482)

2020-705

(114-11582)

572 723 223 238

304 236 101 86

624 727 238 296




-20a-

bull bull

1200

M 1000

I _


bull middot-

er uJ 600 1 gt uJ

N I er

0 cr I I00

OI bull400

~ -

-uJ z 200

bull bullI

0 0 05 1 15 2

LEAD (microgm3)









E Conclusions










-21-

CHAPTER ill




A Introduction













approach












-22-



















diurnal differences














-23-






3 Chemical Analysis










(2831)















-24-


















Welfare Data System











-25-











Episode I








Episode II









-26-

Episode III








Episode IV









end of the period

Episode V







Episode VI





-27-




Episode Summary



























-28-



D + d 2 + N














Summary Statistics











-29-

TABLE III-1



M398PS9 3revm 24 21 11 3 44

M398MS9 3revm 24 9 5 l 21



M398NRM 3revm 16 4 l 2 7

NR98M3 16 036 014 015 068

BAP 3ngm 24 02 02 01 08

BKF 3ngm 24 01 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 24 09 06 02 26

COR 3ngm 24 06 04 01 15

BZO 3ngm 24 08 07 01 32

ORG microgm3 23 35 2-4 1-5 8-4

TSP 3microgm 23 64 21 24 124

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

23

23

24

79

86

45

40

44

29

32

50

9

182

223

117

PBF 3ngm 24 242 153 52 605

BRFPBF 24 020 008 013 041

ZNF ngm3 24 26 13 9 68

KF 3ngm 24 142 103 50 429

FEF 3ngm 24 128 88 26 357

SIF 3ngm 24 291 235 56 952

CLF ngm3 24 260 426 27 2173

NIF 3ngm 24 7 6 2 27

SF 3ngm 24 1797 1195 516 6473

co ppm 18 11 04 05 17

NO pphm 21 19 12 03 43

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 09 49

03 pphm 23 22 11 01 41

502 pphm 23 04 07 00 34


-29a-

TABLE ID-2



M398PS9 3revm 12 12 6 6 21

M398MS9 3revm 12 7 2 3 10




NR98M3 12 043 016 018 071

BAP 3ngm 12 06 06 01 16

BKF 3ngm 12 03 02 01 07

BGP 3ngm 12 14 11 04 34

COR 3ngm 12 08 05 02 19

BZO 3ngm 12 21 20 03 58

ORG 3ngm 12 75 35 20 107

TSP 3microgm 12 90 22 52 126

NO3 so4 BRF

3microgm

3microgm

3ngm

12

12

11

115

149

69

46

57

48

41

53

16

185

252

172

PBF 3ngm 11 262 162 82 671

BRFPBF 11 025 007 015 040

ZNF 3ngm 11 37 13 12 55

KF 3ngm NA

FEF 3ngm 11 102 39 42 155

SIF 3ngm NA

CLF 3ngm NA

NIF 3ngm 11 25 14 7 51

SF 3ngm NA

co ppm 9 12 05 06 19

NO pphm 9 28 22 07 63

NO2 pphm 9 36 15 10 61

03 pphm 9 16 14 01 40

so2 pphm 9 04 03 0 09

NA = Not analyzed

-29b-
















aerosols
















-30-





=




=



























(gt8) (44)

-31-




























-32-

TABLE ID-3




3M398PS9 revm 24 24 14 6 58

M398M59 revm3 24 10 6 2 27



NR98M3 16 035 022 012 110

BAP ngm3 24 02 01 01 04

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 24 11 07 02 24

COR ngm3 24 07 04 01 16

BZO ngm3 24 08 06 01 20

ORG microgm 3 23 36 27 15 92

TSP microgm 3 23 76 25 34 139

NO microgm 3 23 86 34 32 1583

so= microgm 3 23 84 44 51 2144

BRF microgm 3 24 50 31 8 114

PBF microgm 3 24 266 157 49 638

BRFPBF 24 019 007 010 042

ZNF ngm3 24 31 24 9 123

KF ngm3 24 157 129 38 491

FEF ngm3 24 144 98 28 371

SIF ngm3 24 326 284 24 1220

CLF ngm3 24 174 282 19 1450

NIF ngm3 24 8 8 2 33

SF ngm3 24 1810 1384 442 7640

co ppm 18 13 04 06 21

NO pphm 21 22 15 05 64

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 12 53

pphm 23 29 15 aa 5903

502 pphm 23 04 09 oo 43

-32a-

TABLE ill- 4




M398PS9 revm3 24 17 10 ltl 37

M398MS9 revm3 24 9 5 ltl 18



M398NRM revm3 16 4 2 l 6

NR98M3 16 036 013 018 070

BAP ngm3 24 02 03 01 15

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 05

BGP ngm3 24 08 07 02 28

COR ngm3 24 05 03 01 15

BZO ngm3 24 07 10 01 44

ORG microgm 3 24 33 23 11 88


so= 3

microgm 3 24 86 44 50 2314 3BRF ngm 24 41 30 7 133

PBF ngm3 24 218 168 38 714

BRFPBF 24 021 010 011 041

ZNF ngm3 24 20 11 3 52

KF ngm3 24 127 82 54 377 3FEF ngm 24 112 90 24 353

SIF ngm3 24 256 205 87 787

CLF ngm3 24 346 582 31 2895

NIF ngm3 24 7 7 2 30

SF ngm3 24 1785 1094 590 5305

co ppm 18 10 04 02 17

NO pphm 21 15 13 01 50

NO2 pphm 23 25 12 06 51

03 pphm 23 15 09 01 35

502 pphm 23 03 06 00 25

-32b-

TABLE ill- 5




TA98+S9 100 094 045 054 060

TA98-S9 094 100 049 044 059

BAP 045 049 100 038 092

COR middot054 044 037 100 056

BZO 060 059 092 056 100

PBF 028 025 008 071 019

BRF 040 038 030 074 044

KF 026 022 015 058 008

ZNF 012 012 -001 027 026

FEF 009 013 -007 028 -005

SIF -012 001 -007 013 -009

CLF -027 -022 001 -015 -005

NIF -010 -007 -012 -020 -012

SF 022 023 028 003 036

NO3 049 051 032 015 047

co 054 051 023 071 036

NO 051 045 034 049 044

NO2 032 031 011 061 018

03 -027 -035 -041 -013 -043

SO2 004 005 -002 -027 -002



-32c-




TA98+S9 100 095 051 050 065

TA98-S9 095 100 057 038 059

BAP 053 057 100 051 077

COR 050 038 051 JI 100 076

BZO 067 059 077 076 100

PBF 019 007 028 070 046

BRF 038 030 059 074 071

KF 024 010 039 066 048

ZNF -014 -019 -019 015 -001

FEF -012 -018 004 019 003

SIF -012 -016 014 015 005

CLF -020 -012 -008 -012 -006

NIF -033 -039 -019 -033 -024

SF 023 028 054 020 045

NO -3 056 057 066 045 064

co 053 042 032 065 054

NO 049 049 046 012 045

NO2 024 012 019 051 026

03 -030 -036 -063 -003 -048

SO2 -003 001 023 -033 000



-32d-

TABLE ID- 7




TA98+S9 100 095 056 055 066

TA98-S9 095 100 056 050 063

BAP 056 056 100 046 096

COR 055 050 046 100 054

BZO 066 063 096 054 100

PBF 033 035 006 073 013

BRF 043 043 028 077 037

KF 027 033 014 053 018

ZNF 034 047 010 028 015

FEF 021 032 -009 033 -008

SIF 005 016 -012 009 -015

CLF -031 -028 000 -015 -005

NIF 010 019 -012 -013 -007

SF 022 020 026 -008 035

NO3 049 051 030 000 044

co 055 058 028 072 034

NO 051 042 038 071 047

NO2 040 043 010 070 016

03 -050 -047 -041 -050 -053

so2 001 009 -009 -027 -004



-32e-

Factor Analysis











-4





data
















-33-

TABLE ill-8


Factor I Factor 2

PBF (095) NIF (088)

BRF (093) SIF (063)

KF (090) FEF (061)

FEF (0 71) ZNF (042)

SIF (053)

ZNF (048)




Factor 3

SF (084)

N0 - (083)3

ZNF (025)

Factor 4

CLF (096)

ZNF (030)

12

Secondary Aerosols

factors

10

Sea Salt

Sum 81


-33a-

TABLE ill- 9




Interpretation

KF (092)

PBF (090)

FEF (083)

BRF (081)

SIF (080)

NO (028)3

40


Nitrate found

CLF (094) NIF (087)

ZNF (090) SIF (038)

No - (036) FEF (037)3

18 17


and (some) Soil

in three factors

SF (096)

BRF (038)

NO - (031)3

10 Sum 85

Secondary so=

4Aerosols


-33b-

TABLE ill- 10



BRF (095) NIF (081)

PBF (093) SIF (080)

KF (089) FEF (066)

ZNF (0 72) ZNF (034)

FEF (067) KF (027)

SIF (040)



Soil


SF (087)

NO - (087)3

NIF (034)

ZNF (028)

CLF (099)

11

Secondary Aerosols

9

Sea Salt

Sum 86


-33c-








during the day NO3




-








i Mutagenic Density











-34-

TABLE ID-11



PBF (094) NIF (084) NO - (082)3

CLF (094) SF (090)

BRF (093) FEF (060) ZNF (052) ZNF (030) NO - (035)3

KF (090) SIF (060) SF (026) NIF (027)

FEF (0 72) ZNF (050)

SIF (056)

ZNF (037)




Refining and Soil

(NOtdeg-) and me

Salt (SO -)4


-34a-

TABLE m-12



PBF (095) CLF (095) NO - (087)3

NIF (086) SF (096)

KF (092) ZNF (091) BRF (031) SIF (053) BRF (030)

BRF (084) NO - (026)3

FEF (052

FEF (075)

SIF (0 71)




Sea Salt and Zinc

Secondary (NO -)

3

Oil Refining

and

Secondary(so =)

4

Soil


-34b-

TABLE ID- 13



BRF (094) NO - (088)3

PBF (092) SF (085)

KF (089) NIF (032)

ZNF (073) ZNF (028)

FEF (071)

SIF (047)

NIF (081)

SIF (072)

FEF (060)

ZNF (031)

KF (025)

CLF (091)




Soil


Sea Salt


-34c-













-




-















-35-




as well






present study








not clear

ii Coronene










-36-

TABLE ID- 14



BRF (091) NIF (081) SF (084) CLF (097)

PBF (090) FEF (0 78) NO - (083)3

ZNF (030)

KF (082) SIF (0 77) ZNF (026)

ZNF (041) ZNF (046)

SIF (035) KF (037)

PBF (032)

Coronene (089) (-024) (005) (-012)




-36a-

TABLE ill-15



PBF (095) NO - (082)3

NIF (086) CLF (096)

BRF (091) SF (080) SIF (052) ZNF (032)

KF (090) BRF (027) FEF (051)

FEF (079) ZNF (042)

SIF (062)

ZNF (049)

Benzan throne (028) (069) (-041) (-010)



Soil


-36b-













iii Benzanthrone




















-37-

iv Summary




soil (FEF SIF)


surface soil








Summary Statistics










-38-

TABLE ill-16


1982-1984


M398PS9 revm3 18 17 u 4 34

M398MS9 revm3 18 7 5 3 16



M398NRM revm3 12 4 1 3 5

NR98M3 12 045 017 033 069

BAP ngm3 18 02 02 01 05

BKF ngm3 18 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 18 10 06 04 18

COR ngm3 18 07 03 03 10

BZO ngm3 18 08 07 02 21

ORG microgm 3 17 35 25 16 73

TSP microgm3 17 57 19 24 70

NO microgm 3 17 78 35 40 118 so=

3 microgm 3 17 108 66 57 222

BRF 4

ngm3 18 42 24 9 66

PBF ngm3 18 209 125 52 407

BRFPBF 18 021 009 013 037

ZNF ngm3 18 28 23 9 68

KF ngm3 18 125 75 50 247

FEF ngm3 18 88 66 26 188

SIF ngm3 18 155 121 56 393

CLF ngm3 18 497 825 44 2172

NIF ngm3 18 7 5 2 15

SF ngm3 18 2506 2032 1074 6473

co ppm 18 12 02 09 14

NO pphm 18 15 10 03 30


-38a-

TABLE ill-17


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 14 8 3 25

M398MS9 3revm 18 7 4 1 12



M398NRM 3revm 12 3 1 2 4

NR98M3 12 032 010 Ol8 043

BAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 02

BKF 3ngm 18 01 0 01 01

BGP 3ngm 18 06 03 02 10

COR 3ngm 18 03 02 01 07

BZO 3ngm 18 05 03 02 09

ORG microgm 3 18 33 25 16 70

TSP 3microgm 18 77 29 35 124

No -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

18

18

18

79

107

45

51

52

28

32

68

12

178

204

101

PBF 3ngm 18 229 193 85 599

BRFPBF 18 023 011 016 041

ZNF 3ngm 18 24 8 16 40

KF ngm3 18 143 123 64 386

FEF 3ngm 18 177 121 38 357

SIF ngm3 18 463 354 120 952

CLF 3ngm 18 235 133 61 449

NIF 3ngm 18 15 7 6 27

SF 3ngm 18 1883 741 846 2915

co ppm

NO pphm 9 31 11 24 43

NO2 pphm 15 26 14 15 49

03 pphm 15 18 11 01 27

so2 pphm 15 14 11 05 34

-38b-

TABLE m-18


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 29 13 10 44

M398MS9 3revm 18 13 6 4 21



M398NRM 3revm 12 5 2 3 7

NR98M3 12 034 018 015 058

BAP 3ngm 18 03 03 01 08

BKF 3ngm 18 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 18 14 09 05 26

COR 3ngm 18 09 04 05 15

BZO 3ngm 18 11 11 02 32

ORG 3microgm 17 39 28 15 84

TSP 3microgm 18 54 12 38 74

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

73

61

53

28

14

31

47

50

25

126

89

108

PBF 3ngm 18 287 132 202 542

BRFPBF 18 018 008 013 034

ZNF 3ngm 18 20 9 9 31

KF 3ngm 18 137 102 76 339

FEF 3ngm 18 95 41 58 169

SIF 3ngm 18 209 95 134 387

CLF 3ngm 18 120 135 27 380

NIF 3ngm 18 3 2 2 6

SF 3ngm 18 1364 721 641 2614

co ppm 18 12 04 05 17

NO pphm 18 23 13 03 42

NO 2 pphm 18 31 09 20 45

03 pphm 18 19 09 03 28

so2 pphm 18 00 01 00 01

-38c-

TABLE ill- 19


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 23 9 ll 32

M398MS9 3revm 18 10 5 4 17



M398NRM 3revm 12 4 2 2 5

NR98M3 12 031 01 OlB 039

SAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 03

SKF 3ngm 18 01 aa 01 02

BGP 3ngm 18 08 05 03 17

COR 3ngm 18 06 04 02 12

BZO 3ngm 18 07 06 01 14

ORG microgm3 18 33 25 15 68

TSP 3microgm 18 67 18 52 101

NO3

so=4

BRF

3microgm 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

84

70

42

50

13

37

45

54

22

182

86

117

PSF 3ngm 18 244 182 109 605

SRFPBF 18 017 006 013 027

ZNF 3ngm 18 30 7 20 37

KF 3ngm 18 162 132 86 429

FEF 3ngm 18 153 88 48 256

SIF 3ngm 18 337 197 150 610

CLF 3ngm 18 188 141 59 393

NIF 3ngm 18 5 2 3 9

SF 3ngm 18 1437 613 516 2145

co ppm 18 09 04 06 17

NO pphm 18 13 10 04 28

NO2 pphm 18 22 10 09 37

03 pphm 18 25 13 01 41

SO2 pphm 18 01 01 00 02

-38d-



periods of sampling



















sites

-39-

2





stations











sources of COR













-40-

TABLE ill- 20


AT RICHMOND


TA98+59 100 093 069 o75 087

TA98-S9 093 100 072 056 083

BAP 065 072 100 026 091

COR o75 056 026 100 055

BZO 087 083 091 055 100

PBF 057 036 002 081 030

BRF 080 072 042 080 063

KF 052 031 009 064 015

ZNF 031 020 -003 056 030

FEF 038 018 -009 064 017

SIF 053 027 007 071 030

CLF -029 -024 -011 -018 -023

NIF 029 016 -004 021 012

SF 071 084 072 023 073

NO3 070 069 058 037 069

co 066 050 023 087 044

NO 083 078 067 076 077

NO2 059 040 016 067 036

03 -038 -046 -067 000 -054

502 075 067 0 73 053 078



-40a-

TABLE ID-21


AT MARTINEZ


TA98+S9 100 093 029 -001 049

TA98-S9 093 100 033 016 046

BAP 029 033 100 071 083

COR -001 016 071 100 063

BZO 049 046 083 063 100

PBF 013 033 057 084 046

BRF 033 048 073 085 067

KF 018 035 056 079 047

ZNF 014 034 035 054 023

FEF -003 017 043 077 028

SIF -016 002 036 073 022

CLF -032 -026 -025 -001 -024

NIF 010 012 -023 -019 -034

SF 051 051 004 -003 019

NO~- 063 057 016 -001 047

co NO 055 049 083 052 074

N02 029 051 042 074 033

03 -047 -054 -049 -037 -062

so2

074 059 041 -002 052



tco not measured

-40b-

TABLE ID-22


AT CONCORD


TA98+59 100 096 034 031 046

TA98-S9 096 100 042 017 049

BAP 034 042 100 018 095

COR 0o3l 017 018 100 035

BZO 046 049 095 035 100

PBF -014 -026 -027 070 -015

BRF 009 -005 016 o79 028

KF 005 -009 013 074 020

ZNF -013 -017 -003 -004 005

FEF ooo -011 -036 060 -030

SIF -007 -017 -012 062 -011

CLF -002 001 055 -006 052

NIF -002 -014 019 o77 023

SF -001 -007 041 002 0o46

NO -3

057 055 071 037 082

co 056 053 004 050 015

NO 033 026 021 075 036

NO2 004 004 -026 050 -024

03 -009 -011 -040 -011 -039

502 038 040 040 -008 031



-40c-

TABLE m-23


AT PITTSBURG


TA98+59 100 092 068 063 071

TA98-S9 092 100 075 057 071

BAP 068 075 100 083 085

COR 063 057 083 100 085

BZO 071 071 085 085 100

PBF 046 041 064 082 055

BRF 056 055 073 087 069

KF 049 040 050 076 056

ZNF 020 031 041 038 035

FEF 036 041 041 049 017

SIF 017 018 001 013 -021

CLF -031 -016 -007 -021 -006

NIF 073 064 049 057 056

SF 029 032 025 018 031

NO3 056 061 028 020 053

co 0 71 o 71 072 078 066

NO 059 051 055 056 042

NO2 025 023 059 074 049

03 -033 -050 -039 -012 -046

502 -025 -026 -032 -026 -051



-40lt3-











receptor area






be made

Summary Statistics








in Episode IV

-41-

TABLE ill-24



M398PS9 revm3 4 7 4 3 11




M398NRM revm3

NR98M3

BAP ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BKF ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BGP ngm3 4 04 01 02 05

COR ngm3 4 04 02 02 05

BZO ngm3 4 03 01 02 04

ORG microgm3 4 58 07 48 64

TSP microgm 3 4 37 11 24 52


PBF ngm3 4 148 58 85 202

BRFPBF 4 014 001 013 016

ZNF ngm3 4 24 12 9 37

KF ngm3 4 71 17 50 86

FEF ngm3 4 66 21 39 91

SIF ngm3 4 154 56 91 227

CLF ngm3 4 179 49 132 245

NIF ngm 3 4 6 8 2 18

SF ngm3 4 1671 316 1228 1955

co ppm 3 06 02 05 09

NO pphm 3 05 01 03 06

pphm 4 19 07 10 26NO2 03 pphm 4 25 02 22 27

pphm 4 02 02 00 05SOz

-41a-

TABLE ill- 25



M398PS9 3revm 4 24 7 16 32

M398MS9 3revm 4 10 2 8 13



M398NRM 3revm 4 4 l 3 5

NR98M3 4 043 010 036 058

SAP 3ngm 4 02 01 02 03

SKF ngm3 4 01 oo 01 01

SGP 3ngm 4 15 06 09 22

COR ngm3 4 11 03 07 15

SZO 3ngm 4 11 03 08 14

ORG microgm 3 4 74 07 68 84

TSP 3microgm 4 92 26 69 124

NO3 3microgm 4 85 14 75 106

so=4

SRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

67

95

11

27

58

56

79

117

PSF 3ngm 4 538 92 407 605

SRFPSF 4 017 003 013 020

ZNF ngm3 4 34 11 18 44

KF 3ngm 4 350 78 247 429

FEF ngm3 4 243 85 169 357

SIF 3ngm 4 512 221 387 843

CLF 3ngm 4 101 96 44 244

NIF 3ngm 4 12 5 6 17

SF ngm3 4 2025 713 1225 2773

co ppm 3 15 01 14 17

NO pphm 3 28 14 14 42

NO2 pphm 4 43 06 37 49

03 pphm 4 24 09 15 35

so2 pphm 4 03 04 00 09

-41b-

TABLE ID-26



M398PS9 revm3 4 13 6 7 19

M398MS9 3revm 4 6 2 4 9



M398NRM 3revm

NR98M3

BAP 3ngm 4 01 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 01

BGP 3ngm 4 07 02 05 09

COR 3ngm 4 06 01 05 07

BZO 3ngm 4 03 02 01 05

ORG microgm 3 4 17 02 15 20

TSP microgm 3 4 68 18 47 91

NO3 microgm 3 4 67 10 57 80

so -4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

71

43

14

9

53

32

83

53

PBF ngm3 4 254 16 236 274

BRFPBF 4 017 005 014 024

ZNF ngm3 4 31 26 9 68

KF 3ngm 4 132 41 76 171

FEF ngm3 4 192 81 101 277

SIF 3ngm 4 486 369 147 952

CLF ngm3 4 698 998 62 2173

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1040 254 746 1360

co ppm 3 10 04 06 13

NO pphm 3 11 06 04 14

NO2 pphm 3 28 02 25 30

03 pphm 3 32 07 28 41

SO2 pphm 3 01 01 00 02

-4ic-

TABLE ill- 27



M398PS9 revm 4 25 15 9 44

M398MS9 revm 4 12 7 4 21



M398NRM revm 4 2 1 2 3

NR98M3 4 030 026 015 069

BAP ngm 4 01 01 01 02

BKF ngm 4 01 00 01 01

BGP ngm 4 05 04 03 11

COR ngm 4 03 03 01 07

BZO ngm 4 03 03 01 07

ORG microgm3 3 16 01 15 17

TSP microgm 3 3 62 13 54 77

NO3- microgm3 3 57 01 57 58

so=4

microgm3 3 63 18 50 84

BRF ngm 4 23 11 9 32

PBF ngm 4 146 67 52 207

BRFPBF 4 016 002 014 018

ZNF ngm 4 18 9 9 28

KF ngm 4 94 29 55 124

FEF ngm 4 124 76 26 188

SIF ngm 4 292 203 56 487

CLF ngm 4 93 90 27 227

NIF ngm 4 10 12 2 27

SF ngm 4 1414 561 641 1902

co ppm 3 11 02 09 13

NO pphm 4 18 10 03 25

NO2 pphm 4 20 12 09 33

03 pphm 4 23 05 16 28

so2 pphm 4 04 06 oo 12

-41d-

TABLE ffi- 28




M398MS9 3revm 4 9 4 6 15




NR98M3 4 036 006 029 043

BAP 3ngm 4 02 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 02

BGP 3ngm 4 10 04 05 15

COR ngm3 4 06 03 03 09

BZO 3ngm 4 08 02 05 10

ORG microgm3 4 18 02 16 19


NO3 so -

4 BRF

3microgm

microgm 3

3ngm

4

4

4

65

92

41

14

32

11

47

54

28

77

130

52

PBF ngm3 4 218 79 137 310

BRFPBF 4 021 008 015 033

ZNF ngm3 4 23 5 16 27

KF ngm3 4 91 23 64 120

FEF ngm3 4 97 25 73 120

SIF 3ngm 4 162 46 112 202

CLF ngm 3 4 171 153 43 393

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1097 536 516 1753

co ppm 3 13 05 07 17

NO pphm 4 22 08 11 30

NO2 pphm 4 26 06 22 35

03 pphm 4 26 01 24 27

so2 pphm 4 03 06 aa 11

-41e-

TABLE ill-29



M398PS9 revm3 4 33 8 25 43

M398MS9 3revm 4 16 3 12 19



M398NRM 3revm 4 5 l 4 7

NR98M3 4 033 001 032 035

BAP 3ngm 4 04 03 02 08

BKF ngm3 4 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 4 15 09 06 26

COR 3ngm 4 07 03 03 11

BZO 3ngm 4 18 11 09 32

ORG microgm 3 4 22 09 16 35


NO3 3microgm 4 150 34 118 18l

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

150

52

73

18

85

31

222

67

PBF ngm3 4 150 49 108 202

BRFPBF 4 035 006 028 041

ZNF ngm3 4 23 6 17 31

KF 3ngm 4 114 22 94 145

FEF ngm3 4 47 8 38 58

SIF 3ngm 4 139 17 120 154

CLF ngm3 4 319 45 282 380

NIF 3ngm 4 5 l 3 6

SF ngm3 4 3537 1983 2145 6473

co ppm 3 12 02 10 13

NO pphm 4 27 15 07 43

NO2 pphm 4 19 03 15 23

03 pphm 4 02 01 01 04

so2 pphm 4 10 16 oo 34

-41pound-













prevailed













proportion




VI)

-42-

--- --- -------





should be limited
























-43-

TABLE III-30


0600 August 23-1800 August 24 1982


TA98+S9 100 090 000 052 033

TA98-S9 090 100 000 066 033

BAP 000 000 000 -aa 000

COR 052 066 000 100 059

BZO 032 033 000 059 100

PBF 097 088 000 056 040

BRF 087 082 000 059 068

KF 029 026 000 -041 -017

ZNF 083 061 000 018 004

FEF 032 003 000 -026 006

SIF 020 -003 000 -037 -010

CLF -032 -043 000 -049 003

NIF -026 -046 000 -049 -029

SF 029 006 000 -053 -038

NO -3 085 085 000 055 017

co 028 017 000 044 001

NO 037 017 OD 055 023

NO2 089 075 000 000 014

03 048 038 000 019 -013

so2 -014 -044 000 -056 -045




-43a-




TA98+S9 100 o71-H- 059 080 084

TA98-S9 071 100 078 053 068

BAP 059 078 100 071 082

COR 080 053 071 100 091

BZO 084 068 082 091 100

PBF 064 085 077 066 o73

BRF 067 084 084 073 080

KF 059 058 062 057 069

ZNF 050 070 037 031 040

FEF 039 075 057 027 043

SIF 013 032 028 015 023

CLF -032 005 -016 -039 -035

NIF -019 016 -024 -046 -040

SF -036 -007 -038 -061 -051

NO -3 050 025 010 020 026

co 082 086 081 080 092

NO 052 046 056 083 070

NO2 039 068 066 053 052

03 -007 -053 -056 -032 -033

so2 -022 -007 -005 -024 -013



-43b-

TABLE ID-32


1800 May 17-0600 May 19 1983


TA98+S9 100 098 -037 046 -024

TA98-S9 098 100 -033 049 -017

BAP -037 -033 100 021 072

COR 046 049 021 100 056

BZO -024 -017 072 056 100

PBF 044 047 028 081 067

BRF 006 004 028 066 058

KF -038 -032 041 004 047

ZNF -003 002 016 041 055

FEF -001 007 062 009 057

SIF -022 -018 070 -017 045

CLF -066 -073 -017 -033 -017

NIF -041 -030 049 010 079

SF -040 -033 070 003 068

NO -3 015 026 040 049 061

co -003 -006 000 070 063

NO 003 006 000 083 070

NO2 040 045 000 073 078

03 019 025 000 -018 -011

so2 034 038 000 020 043



-43c-

TABLE ill-33



TA98+59 10 097 061 068 070

TA98-S9 097 100 062 065 074

BAP 061 062 100 086 089

COR 068 065 086 100 080

BZO 070 074 089 BO 100

PBF 068 070 063 041 063

BRF 051 056 048 026 0-52

KF 040 048 006 001 006

ZNF 028 029 -021 -031 -024

FEF 037 041 -006 -019 -002

SIF 025 029 -019 -033 -017

CLF -031 -025 021 -015 -009

NIF -012 -009 -039 -053 -010

SF -054 -048 -056 -0 70 -049

NO -3 033 038 -015 003 014

co 052 054 035 058 045

NO 047 039 000 006 009

NO2 057 060 058 047 082

03 010 013 -045 -030 -035

502 002 006 -029 -042 -002



-43d-

TABLE ill- 34



TA98+S9 100 096-H- 062 079-H- 083-H-

TA98-S9 096-H- 100 051 064 070

BAP 062 051 100 061 062

COR 079 064 061 100 094

BZO 083-H- 070 062 094-ll- 100

PBF 050 041 030 062 066

BRF 027 018 025 OSi 056

KF 013 003 016 050 048

ZNF 061 055 021 065 081

FEF -002 -004 006 003 024

SIF -004 -002 009 -002 022

CLF -050 -039 -031 -045 -047

NIF -025 -029 013 -014 004

SF 014 003 009 053 040

NO -3 029 030 -007 005 014

co 081 070 051 083 071

NO 061 054 024 057 065

NO2 o79-H- 081 068 045 054

03 004 006 -040 011 012

so2 -051 -049 -023 -053 -043



-43e-

TABLE ill- 35




TA98+S9 100 091 031 085 048

TA98-S9 091-lE- 100 039 081-lE- 050

BAP 031 039 100 D54 096

COR 085-lE- 081 054 100 067

BZO 048 050 096 067 100

PBF 053 040 018 060 025

BRF 036 024 031 046 033

KF 010 -003 022 015 020

ZNF -031 -026 -023 -026 -030

FEF 027 013 -010 026 001

SIF -003 -005 004 003 -001

CLF -034 -048 027 -017 018

NIF -006 -010 -027 -041 -024

SF 004 -000 -006 005 -004

NO -3 -014 -007 -040 -056 -040

co 044 051 021 060 024

NO 003 -001 027 008 020

NO2 040 029 052 050 057

03 053 051 -013 045 001

so2 -032 038 -029 -058 -041



-43pound-

D Conclusions






-









by HNO3







with NO3










-44-










-45-

CHAPTER IV




A Introduction





















I-2)




-46-










Costa County (618)


















-47-







decribed (18)


















= at



fossil fuels is so2




=

Seasonal Variations



-48-

I

TABLE IV-1



Station


TA98P 3revm 15 11 (7) 11 (7) 10 (7)

TA98M 3revm 15 6 (3) 6 (3) 6 (4)

TA98NRP 3revm 15 5 (3) 6 (3) 5 (3)

TA98NRM 3revm 15 3 (2) 2 (1) 2 (1)

TA98NRMTA98M 15 042 (022) 040 (030) 043 (034)

SAP 3ngm 15 03 (03) 06 (08) 02 (02)

SKF 3 ng 1m 15 02 (02) 03 (03) 02 (02)

SGP 3ngm 15 15 (13) 21 (21) 11 (10)

COR 3

ngm 15 10 (09) 12 (12) 07 (06)

BZO 3ngm 15 05 (06) 11 (15) 06 (08)

ORG 3microgm 15 37 (15) 51 (39) 34 (16)

MASS (TSP) 3microgm 15 57 (9) 51 (15) 64 (13)


NO -3

3microgm 14 48 (24) 60 (25) 66 (29)

so -4

3microgm 14 74 (17) 52 (13) 66 (15)



-48a-

TABLE IV-2



Station


Mean SD March-June

Mean so July-Oct

Mean SD

- I

TA98P

TA98M

TA98NRP

TA98NRM

TA98NRMTA98M

BAP

SKF

BGP

COR

BZO

ORG

MASS (TSP)

LEAD (Hi Vol)

N03

so=4

3revm

3revm

3revm

3revm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3microgm

3microgm

microgm 3

microgm3

3microgm

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

14

7

8

3

053

09

05

35

18

19

69

64

042

86

68

(8)

(4)

(2)

(1)

(033)

(06)

(02)

(15)

(10)

(11)

(25)

(13)

(015)

(22)

(22)

8

5

3

2

039

01

01

06

05

01

24

50

019

36

57

(6)

(3)

(2)

(1)

(027)

(002)

(004)

(03)

(03)

(01)

(09)

(10)

(004)

(08)

(11)

11

5

5

2

033

01

01

07

05)

02

28

58

022

50

68

(5)

(2)

(2)

(1)

(014)

(003)

(003)

(02)

(03)

(01)

(10)

(13)

(10)

(12)

(13)



-48b-


4 -














studies

















-49-






Trends








=















-50-


CI)

~

LI I ()

0 Pl J I

D lt w _J

1 0

09

08

01

o 6

o 5

o 4

o 3

02

o 1

o 0

lt I I-


COMPOSITE PERIOD



12 0

Figure IV-2

10 0

cw 8 0

~

L) I )

Ul 0 tr I w 6 0

I-lta I-1--4

z 4 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


oven

1-f

lt I

N

Q) --0 rO

-shy rO gt rO

+J 0 z


90 __


80

70

60 CI)

~

~ ~ so w~~~~~~~ W~4w I~ U1 40 ()

lt ~

30

20

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

ro micro 0 z


120r-------------------------


1--lt


Cl) 8 0 E

- I J ltu-- I

0 p


QJ --0 ro --



COMPOSITE PERIOD


120-------------------------

10 0

Cl)

~ 80

L)

I l5 0

middot~(1)

601 ~ I


~ ~ I fU1 u z lt L) Ck 4 0 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


5 0





CL 3 0 lt

I CDu- _0 Hi w lt

II 2 5 0)z w 0 gt- 2 0 CL lt -J 1 50

z w CD

N

ldegr o 5 -



COMPOSITE PERIOD

~

L) z

I l5l 0

LO I w z

w z a a u


50 I



35

3 0 I--lt

lt I

---J2 5

2 0

15

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

05


50 _______________________


4 5




3 0 I D u 0) lt 1 0

~ I CXlw 25

z D n J 2 0 1-z lt 1 5 N z w 0)

1 0

o 5



COMPOSITE PERIOD



m E -


were

gt w 10 0 ~

I lJ1 0 I-middot I

-_ 0) U)

I--lt

lt I

lD

I CD 01 lt I- lt I-

50

J ~


r lt r lt pound

JUL L r pound

NOV lt L r -lt




NOV MAR L lt r lt

JUL lt lt

NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD


300-------------------------

25 0


m ~



gt w 200 0

I 1--1 Ul 0 u

I

r- 0) () 15 0

lt I

0

+ CD 0) lt I- lt 10 0 I-J E

5 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


250 cq

gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=5 a=-79199920 s=2885 1608I gt-


f--w A D MUTAC-S9)


A A A e_11=2 7078 r=0 7944

~ 50

00a--bull----------------------------------1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=S a=-7781 7600 a=1492 4784middot I-lt


l

I (J) 150z

LlJ D MUTAC-S9)


LlJ n=5 lt ~ a=-38422800 e=981 2984

b=l9410 e11=0 4951I-) e_=1 5657 r-=09147E

-

5 0


1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




(lJ

gt e MUTA(+S9)


n=5 1---ia=-39846460 e=1541 0467I gt-




bull

bull bull



00-------------------------------------

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

bullbull


1 0


~



MAR-JUN

I V1 0

~

00 0) lt f--~ z 00 0) ltf-

o 9

o 8

07

o 6 r-

o 5

o 4

o 3

o 2

o 1

o 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

lt I

--- ~

TABLE IV-3





Pittsburg 36 (22) 52 (35) 101 (49) 114 (34) 195 (93)

Richmond 66 (50) 114 (84) 69 (41) 136 (20) 187 (82)

Concord 45 (31) 81 (60) 97 (64) 145 (34) 188 (140)

3-Station Average 49 (34) 82 (61) 89 (48) 131 (29) 190 (65)


TABLE IV-4










-Sop-

TABLE IV-5



TA98 + 59 Versus


bull Pittsburg

bull Richmond

092

069

38

26

36

7

0009

008

bull Concord 098 35 134 0001






093 33 41 0008

-50q-






= 3























-51-































-52-


































-53-













D Conclusions




Pb NO3




measured








mutageni city

-54-





conditions









-55-

REFERENCES



351-359








Res 76143-164






Office








12233-232

-56-





Res 31 347-364






755






1984











-57-



























-58-



172565-2573



027a














Sci (USA) 72979-983







Res 114217-267

-59-










Mut 4531-541








Environ (in press)



Environ 18205-213







-60-



Toxicol 32 688-692





-61-

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

APPENDIX IV

APPENDIX V



(1982-1984)






Nov 1979-0ct 1984



-62-

APPENDIX I



DATE 82382


0300 285

0400 285

0500 285

0600 270

0700 270

0800 285

0900 285

1000 285

1100 285

1200 285

1300 300

1400 270

1500 270

1600 270

1700 270

1800 270

1900 255

2000 255

2100 285

2200 285

2300 270

2400 255

12

11

10

8

7

10

12

14

12

12

12

12

12

12

10

9

8

7

6

8

9

9

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400


82482

DRCTN SPEED(m[h)

255 9

240 7

240 8

240 8

240 7

240 8

240 7

255 7

270 11

270 13

270 14

285 13

285 13

285 12

270 11

255 10

255 9

270 10

270 9

240 7

210 3

270 6

240 2

60 1


DATE 101282 101382 101482


0100 195 2 0100 225 2

0200 195 2 0200 225 2

0300 240 3 0300 270 4

0400 255 3 0400 270 4

0500 240 3 0500 285 4

0600 VRBL 1 0600 285 6

0700 VRBL 1 0700 285 8

0800 VRBL 1 0800 285 9

0900 VRBL 1 0900 285 10

1000 60 5 1000 285 10

1100 45 6 1100 285 10

1200 30 4 1200 285 10

1300 30 6 1300 285 9

1400 30 8

1500 30 10 1500 45 5

1600 45 8 1600 45 3

1700 45 6 1700 345 2

1800 60 2 1800 255 1

1900 VRBL 1 1900 225 3

2000 210 1 2000 270 3

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 285 3

2300 210 1 2300 255 3

2400 VRBL 1 2400 240 1


DATE 51783 51883 51983


0100 255 4 0100 VRBL 1

0200 255 4 02JO 210 1

0300 255 3 0300 150 1

0400 240 2 0400 195 2

0500 195 1 0500 VRBL 1

0600 VRBL 1 0600 210 2

0700 240 2 0700 VRBl 1

0800 240 3 0800 VRBL 1

0900 270 5 0900 VRBL 1

1000 300 5 1000 VRBL 2

1100 300 4 1100 030 8

1200 315 5 1200 030 9

1300 300 3 1300 030 10

1400 300 5 1400 030 10

1500 300 5 1500 030 8

1600 360 5 1600 300 6 1600 030 6

1700 300 7 1700 300 6 1700 030 6

1800 285 8 1800 285 4 1800 330 2

1900 285 7 1900 285 5 1900 300 5

2000 270 3 2000 285 6 2000 285 6

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6 2100 285 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 5 2200 225 3

2300 VRBL 1 2300 270 3 2300 210 1

2400 255 4 2400 VRBL 1 2400 VRBL 1


DATE 91283 91383 91483


0100 240 2 0100 270 5

0200 VRBL 1 0200 270 6

0300 VRBL ltl 0300 270 6

0400 255 1 0400 270 5

0500 270 2 0500 270 7

0600 VRBL 1 0600 270 7

0700 VRBL ltl 0700 270 7

0800 300 3 0800 270 7

0900 285 7

1000 285 8

1100 300 9

1200 300 9

1300 300 10

1400 300 10

1500 285 10

1600 285 9

1700 360 4 1700 270 9

1800 360 4 1800 270 9

1900 300 3 1900 8285

2000 VRBL 1 2000 270 8

2100 300 2 2100 270 8

2200 300 4 2200 285 4

2300 285 4 2300 270 3

2400 300 2 2400 270 7


DATE 10483 10583 10683


0100 VRBL 1 0100 255 7

0200 225 2 0200 240 8

0300 150 2 0300 240 5

0400 195 2 0400 255 5

0500 255 1 0500 255 6

0600 240 2 0600 210 2

0700 210 1 0700 255 5

0800 240 3 0800 270 7

0900 300 4 0900 240 5

1000 300 5 1000 315 5

1100 270 9 1100 315 4

1200 270 9 1200 315 3

1300 240 10 1300 345 4

1400 240 8 1400 360 3

1500 240 7 1500 360 4

1600 225 8 1600 345 3

1700 285 5 1700 225 9

1800 270 2 1800 240 5

1900 270 5 1900 225 8

2000 270 6 2000 255 8

2100 270 3 2100 255 4

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 7

2300 MISSING 2300 270 7

2400 MISSING 2400 255 7


DATE 1484 1584 1684


0100 060 6 0100 045 7

0200 060 7 0200 045 8

0300 060 5 0300 045 8

0400 060 6 0400 045 8

0500 045 6 0500 045 8

0600 045 6 0700 060 7

0700 045 middot 6 0800 045 6

0800 045 6

0900 045 5

1000 045 6

1100 060 6

1200 045 7

1300 045 6

1400 060 7

1500 030 6

1600 015 5

1700 015 4 1700 030 6

1800 015 4 1800 030 5

1900 015 4 1900 030 6

2000 030 4 2000 030 5

2100 030 5 2100 045 6

2200 030 5 2200 045 7

2300 030 6 2300 045 5

2400 030 6 2400 045 6














Oct 1982 T 12 96 27 15 76 84 86 265 288 265 LVI 12 18 9 W 13 10 9 23 17 76 87 88 265 270 275 LVI

Th 14 151 23 1 7 62 74 75 202 222 215 WI NWI 12 15 9

May 1983 T 17 78 32 31 82 88 86 460 516 500 NI W2 15 13 6 W 18 12 1 29 34 76 87 90 433 492 485 SEI NWI 14 15 8

TH 19 66 30 34 88 92 90 469 528 490 LVI NES 10 8 2


Oct 1983 w 5 83 49 30 74 78 86 282 351 306 SI W3 10 15 15

TH 6 94 28 22 78 80 82 274 336 227 NW2 Wl 6 13 13

Jan 1984 w 4 79 81 1 0 58 54 62 141 144 125 EI NE2 8 11 9

TH 5 82 67 1 4 54 51 57 142 72 110 NEI SE2 14 15 10 F 6 80 76 1 0 54 49 56 160 81 85 EI NW2 19 20 14




TA98P 72 1984166665 12 01082550 1428 5999988 0 60000000 58 39999998

TA9BM 72 9 14166666 5 67484565 658 1999995 o 40000000 26 79999995 -~--~bull~----- ---------- -~- --------

13AP 72 020000000 0 24321786 14 4000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

COR 72 0 58055556 0 39B81475 418000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

130 72 0 75000000 0 85B26553 540000000 o 10000000 5 10000000 1middot

PI3F 72 239 69152778 177 68068817 17257 7900000 17 00000000 950 00000000 I

13RF 72 44 50416667 34 50425341 3204 3000000 600000000 18400000000


ZNF 72 24 71250000 1920486248 17793000000 300000000 123 00000000 I FEF 72 12533472222 101 30239095 9024 1000000 1200000000 45000000000


CLF 72 288 53888889 527 75181308 207748000000 12 00000000 305000000000

NIF 72 7 79722222 883981027 561 4000000 200000000 4800000000

SF 72 1794 80000000 1319 22627505 1292256000000 442 00000000 7640 00000000 -- -----

N03 71 7 59577465 4 67578676 5392999998 3 00000000 24 50000000

co 54 1 09999985 0 46702578 59 3999917 0 19999999 2 79999924

NO 63 1 79047593 1 46702605 112 7999833 0 6 39999962 1 N02 69 2 59420248 1 27543350 178 9999712 o 09999996 629999924 I~

~ 03 69 l 99565192 1 45535861 137 6999827 0 5 89999962

802 69 0 36811586 0 75078232 25 3999946 0 4 29999924 I middotbull

1 I1 r-






BRF ---- ---------


ZNF FEF SIF


CLF NIF I a

I J1

TA98P 1 00000 0 0000

72

094186 0 0)01

72

0 45133 0 0001

72

0 54114 0 0001

72

060456 0 0001

72

0 27814 00180

72

039989 0 0005

72

0 26186 00263

middot 72

0 11718 03270

middot- 72

008699 0 4675

72

-001756 -026919 -009966 08836 00222 o 4049


ibull 16

I middotbull

TA98M 0 94186 l 00000 0 48788 043885 0 59108 0 24562 037749 021840 0 12304 o 12537 001425 -022215 -007457 11

0 0001 0 0000 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00376 00011 00653 0 3032 02940 09054 00607 0 5336 1-i

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 1


0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 0011 o 0001 0 5144 00099 0 1959 09493 0 5435 0 5636 09072 03282 I B

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 19

(

COR 0 54114 0 0001

72

0 43885 0 0001

72

037608 0 0011

72

1 00000 00000

72middotmiddot

0 55756 0 70548 073679 0 5B534 0 26894 0 0001 00001 00001 00001 00224


028486 00153

72

0 13409 -o 14507 -020329 02615 02240 0 0868


jI

i bullmiddot

BO 0 60456 0 59108 092099 0 55756 1 00000 0 19453 0431366 0 25566 008036 -005102 -008937 -0 05174 -o 11664 I~ Fgt

1n fl

Imiddotmiddotbull I

fBF

0 0001 72

0 27814 00180

72

0 0001 72

o 2462 00376

72

0 0001 72

o oeHt 0 5144

72

00001 00000 0 1015 00001 0 0302 middot 0 5022 middot 06704 0 4553 0 6660 03292 1-9

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 I o


If

middot BRF 0 39989

0 0005 72

0 37749 0 0011

72

030205 0 0)99

72

0 73679 0 0001

72-

043866 o 0001

72

0 90353 0 0001

72

1 0IJ000 0 82557 0 42057 00000 00001 0 0002

12-- -- 72--middot- 72

060402 0 0001

72

0 40616 -0 01936 0 14256 00004 08718 02322


Hbull

1 middot-middot i

~bull

KF 0 26186 021840 0 15420 0 58534 025566 083143 082557 1 00000 0 43057 o 69375 0 56748 000848 020696 00263 00653 0 1959 00001 00302 00001 00001 00000 00002 00001 0 0001 09437 00811

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

ZNF 011718 0 3270

72

0 12304 -0 00763 0 3032 09493

72 72

0 26894 0 0224

72


72

0 49237 0 0001

72

0middot42557-00002

72


72 72

0 51 986 0 0001

72

03036B 00095

72

middotO 07131--0 5516

72

030021 0 0104

72

middot-- ---f

- i

FEF 0 08699 0 12537 -007278 0 28486 -005102 0 73638 060402 069375 0 51986 1 00000 0 87518 -0 13744 044345 0 4675 0 2940 0 5435 00153 0 6704 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0001 00000 00001 0 2496 00001

I


SIF -001756 001425 -006918 0 13409 -008937 0 52051 0 40616 0 56748 03036B 0 87518 1 00000 -o 10739 0 37160 0 8836 0 9054 0 5636 02615 0 4553 0 0001 00004 00001 00095 0 0001 00000 0 3692 00013

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 i 103


0 0222 0 0607 09072 02240 06660 02149 08718 0 9437 0 5516 0 2496 03692 00000 0 4785 middotbull~

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

NIF -o 09966 0 4049

72

-o 07457 0 5336

72

-0 11687 0 3282

72

-o 20329 0 0868

72

-o 11664 03292

72

0 18383 0 1222

72

0 14256 02322

72

0 20696 0 0811

72

0 30021 0 0104

72

0 44345 0 0001

72

0 37160 -0 08486 0 0013 0 4785

72 72

1 00000 00000

72middot middot ---

11

-middot ~

middotc




SF 0 21728 0 23319 0 27653 0 03011 0 36289 0 03302 0 24073 0 14947 0 14618 -0 07158 -0 03584 -o 03273 0 21207 li 0 0667 0 0487 0 0187 0 8017 0 0017 0 7830 0 0417 02101 02205 0 5502 0 7650 0 7849 0 0737 bull

12 12 12 12- 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 I middot --j

ND3 0 49496 0 51066 0 32107 0 14935 0 47658 -0 03134 0 16413 0 16149 0 22443 -0 08395 -0 07644 -0 01536 0 04641

00001 71

00001 71

00063 71

02138 71

00001 71

07953 71

01714 71

01785 71

00599 71

04864 71

05264 71

08989 71

07007 71

1t Ii

CQ 0 54527 0 0001

0 51478 0 0001

0 22569 0 1008

0 71090 0 0001

0 36294 o 0070

0 63471 0 0001


0 33739 - 0 0126

0 40650 0 0023

0 20033 0 1464

-0 05903 0 6716-

0 25321 0 0647 middot- -middot -

I

-1 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54

gt ND 0 51037 0 44927 033604 049429 044249 0 48813 064595 0 37869 0 12802 027377 0 19516 -0 15416 0 14321 middot11

0 0001 0 0002 0 0071 00001 00003 00001 0 0001 0 0022 03174 0 0299 0 1253 0 2277 0 2628 bull


ND2 0 32113 031262 0 10563 060602 0 17894 082420 069757 0 60710 043082 063826 047300 -0 12231 024964 i~ 0 0071

69 0 0089

69 0 3877

69 0 0001

69 0 1413

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 -0 0002

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 0 3167

69 0 0386

69

- 1 t J

I 03 -0 27144 -0 35349 -0 40103 -O 1~963 -0 43105 -0 00401 -0 21271 0 04710 0 11161 0 18520 0 1901 -0 05802 0 07773 11


802 0 04063 0 05412 -o 02478 -0 27496 -0 02399 -o 08152 0 06775 0 01647 0 04868 0 06690 0 12398 -0 03378- 0 33455 ---1 0 7403

69 0 6587

69 0 8398

69 0 0222

69 o 8449

69 0 5055

69 0 5802

69 0 8932

69 0 6912

69 0 5850

69 0 3101

69 0 7B29 0 0050 fi


SF N03 CO ND N02 03 S02

TA98P 0 21728 049496 0 54527 0 51037 032113 -027144 004063 0 0667

72 0 0001

71 0 0001

54 0 0001

63 0 0071

69 0 0241

69 0 7403

- 69-- -------- - - - - ---1

llltI--- - -- _lI


00487 00001 00001 00002 00089 00029 ~6587 -~ 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 I

3AP 0 27653

o 0101 0 32107

o 0063 0 22569

o 1000 0 33604 -

o 0011 010563 -0 40103 -0 02478-


1I 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 j

COR 0 03011 0 14935 0 71090 0 49429 0 60602 -0 12963 -0 27496 I- 1


BO O 36289 0 47658 0 36294 0 44249 0 17894 -0 43105 -0 02399 bullf1~1

0 0017 0 0001 0 0070 0 0003 0 1413 0 0002 0 8449 middot~ 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 i

bull

P3F O 03302 0 7830

-0 03134 0 7953

0 63471 00001

0 48813 0 0001

082420 0 0001

-0 00401 0 9739

-009152 0 5055

- ~1bull

- 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 c I

bull bull



SF N03 co NO N02 03 S02

BRF 024073 o 16413 0 66256 06495 069757 -021271 006770 00417 0 1714 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00793 0 5902


bull

bull bullQ

KF 0 14947 0 16149 0 49970 037669 060710 0 04710 001647 Ij1102101 0 1785 00001 00022 00001 0 7007 08932 72 71 54 63 69 69 69

I ZNF 0 14618 o 22443 033739 o 12802 043082 0 11161 0 04868


72 71 54 63 69 69 69 ill

~middot ibull

FEF -o 011e -o 0039 040600 0 27377 063826 0 1020 o 0660 0 5502 04864 0 0023 00299 0 0001 0 1276 0 5850


zSIF -o 03584 -o 07644 020033 0 1916 047300 0 19001 0 12398 0 7650 0 5264 0 1464 0 1253 00001 0 1083 03101 1



lbull

3 72 71 54 63 69 69 69

I

NIF

SF

0 21207 0 0737

72

1 00000

0 04641 0 7007

71

0 46209

0 25321 0 0647

54

009243

0 14321 024964 0 07773 02628 00386 0 5255

63 69 69

0 12183 -002183 -026197

0 3345 0 0050

69


13

1 i4 I 4

00000 0 0001 0 5062 03415 08587 0 0297 00122 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 i~


middot1-J

71 71 53 62 68 68 68 15middot

co 0 09243 0 22485 100000 0 67991 0 55757 -o 07620 0 12504

0 5062 54

o 1055 53

00000 54

00001 54

00001 54

0 5839 54

o 3676 54

51r ND 0 12183

03415 0 16421

02022 0 67991

o 0001 1 00000 00000

041523 00007

-o 27091 00317

037215 00027

5bull i

63 62 54 63 63 63 63 1111

jfJ

N02 -0 02183 o 8587

-0 03172 o 7973 middot

0 55757 00001

041523 0 0007

100000 00000

-o 08986 04628


I61 timiddot

69 68 54 63 69 69 69 101 on

03 -o 26197 -029535 -0 07620 -o 27091 -008986 100000 -o 18398 0 0297 0 0145 0 5939 00317 04628 00000 0 1302

69 68 54 63 69 69 69 7

imiddot



SF N03 ca NO N02 03 802

802 0 30023 0 0122

69

0 38607 0 0011

68

0 12504 0 3676

54

0 37215 00027

63

-002262 08536

69

-o 18398 0 1302

69

t 00000 00000

69

I - --- - i1

I I middot(1

1middotmiddot 1


(I

12 ~-- -- --- --------

I

M

IS

1(

I 11


I(

-1 bullbull~

middot n ~-I

l1

1middotbull

1 1f4

_-1~ f

~

_

fI



bull middot-- _4

TA98P 28 2202499999 1365803589 61669999959 440000000 5839999998


BAP 28 0 16785714 0 09449112 4 70000000 o 10000000 0 40000000 1~ I

COR 28 0 70357143 041229452 1969999999 0 10000000 1 60000000 I


PBF 28 2562607143 14883820421 7174 33000000 49 oooooooo 63800000000


louZNF 28 31 75714286 22 74413931 88920000000 900000000 12300000000 -middot - - --


31M

CLF 28 17468928571 261 58089088 489130000000 19 00000000 1450 00000000 13n

- 1_-

NIF 28 8 08928571 9 72973066 226 50000000 200000000 48 00000000 I )bullI


co 21 1 21428562 0 39406297 2549999797 o 59999996 209999943

- l-~n I

NO 24 204166641 1 45659409 middot------- - 48 ~19392 - 0 50000000 - - 6-59999962-4

jbulll

IN02 27 2 58148094 105138633 6969998550 1 19999981 5 29999924 ilt

5103 27 2 88888863 1 38933659 7799999291 0 589999962


I I I~


I

-~-~----middot-i1

r


TA98P

TA98P

1 00000



094822 0 52984 0 50242 064686 0 19471


BRF KF WF FEF SIF

037528 0 24386 -0 14260 -0 11611 -0 11611

CLF

-o 19705

NIF

-o 32613


g~

middot-

(I l - 1~bullbull


TA98M

28

0 94822 00001

28

1 00000 0 0000

28

0 57477 00014

28

0 37739 0 0477

28

0 59157 0 0009

28

0 06759 0 7326

213

029613 0 1260

28

0 09965 0 6139

28

-o 19311 0 3248

28

-o 18015 0 3590

28 28 28

-0 16029 -0 12647 -0 39751 0 4152 0 5213 00416

(I

I

[ 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Ibullbull


0 0037 0 57477

0 0014 1 00000 00000

0 50692 0 0059

0 76753 0 0001

0 27670 0 1540

0 58768 0 0010

o 39484 00376

-o 18851 0 3367

0 04107 0 8356

o 14089 0 4745

-008588 06639

-o 19215 0 3273

~ I l

I

28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 2B 28 28 28 middot~r 2

COR 0 50242 00064

037739 00477

0 50692 1 00000 00059- 00000

0 76463 o 0001

0 69824 00001

0 74394 0 0001 middot


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--- ------ --





03 -033221 -049548 -038254 -0 12175 -045888 -000093 -0 13765 0 12685 -o 18999 023454 045794 -020550 -006538 0 1780 00365 0 1172 06303 00554 09971 0 5860 06160 0 4502 03489 00560 04133 0 7966

S02 -025143 -025953 -032437 -026536 -050654 -001752 -o 13897 -o 03603 0 10613 0 28547 048439 -021512 -020854 03142 0 2983 0 1891 02872 0 0319 0 9450 0 5823 08871 06751 02508 00416 03913 0 4063

-- middot~- ------ -----~-~F N03 co NO N02 03 802

TA98P 0 28894 0 55567 0 70534 0 58992 025001 -o 33221 -025143 0 2449 00167 0 0011 00100 03170 0 1780 03142


TA98M 031765 061048 0 70511 0 50579 022673 -049548 -025953 1 0 1990 0 0071 0 0011 00322 0 3656 00365 02983


03185 02634 00008 0 0177 0 0104 0 1172 0 1891 i - -- --------

COR 0 18004 020313 0 77904 0 56017 0 74041 -0 12175 -026536 0 4747 04188 00001 00156 o 0004 06303 02872

I 1-middotmiddot

I 130 0 30830 0 52764 0 65976 0 42220 049444 -o 45888 -o 50654 0 2132 0 0244 0 0029 0 0809 o 0370 00554 00319


PBF 0 16776 -0 12527 0 77245 068843 083711 -000093 -001752 0 5058 06204 00002 00016 00001 09971 09450

13RF 021522 0 03163 081431 0 70372 0 76285 -o 13765 -0 13897 0 3911 0 9008 00001 00011 00002 0 5860 05823

--- -- ---------- ----middot- - ----- - -- --- middot- --~---- -- --- - - --- --- - ---

KF 0 16711 003703 068611 067002 045880 0 12685 -003603 0 5075 08840 00017 00023 00555 06160 0 8871

i ZNF 0 63384 0 10979 069558 037301 042236 -0 18999 0 10613I 00047 06645 00013 0 1274 o 0808 0 4502 06751


i FEF -0 12749 -026820 0 59428 062731 0 53119 023454 0 28547 06142 02819 0 0093 00053 00233 03489 02508 - - t

SIF -0 23080 -026761 0 27833 034285 006999 0 45794 0 48439 0 3568 0 2830 0 2634 0 1637 o 7826 00560 00416middot


CLF -0 17360 009971 -021896 -0 40289 -020935 -0 20550 -021512 le

0 4909 06938 0 3827 0 0974 o 4044 04133 03913

NIF 0 21072 0 33508 0 69202 0 58109 0 50099 -o 06538 -o 20854 170 4013 0 1741 00015 0 0114 00342 0 7966 0 4063

I



I


SF 1 00000 0 46453 0 37823 0 07208 006238 -031989 0 0000 0 0521 0 1217 0 7762 0 8058 0 19561middot

ND3 0 46453 1 00000 0 24259 -0 18670 -0 14874 -~ 45076 00521 0 0000 0 3321 0 4582 0 5558 0 0605

co 0 37823 0 24259 1 00000 0 71631 0 54136 -0 14710 0 1217 03321 00000 00008 00203 0 5602

NO 007208 -0 18670 0 71631 1 00000 034371 0 02900 0 7762 0 4582 00008 0 0000 0 1626 09091

ND2 0 06238 -0 14874 0 54136 0 34371 1 00000 -0 07769 0 8058 0 5558 00203 0 1626 0 0000 0 7593


03 -o 31989 -045076 -o 14710 002900 -007769 1 00000 o 1956 00605 o 5602 0 9091 o 7593 0 0000


802

001000 09686


-0 36811 0 1328

o 010s 0 9418

- - -- ~middot-----

0 04331 0 8645 middot

-o 12657 06167



middot- 802 001000 -o 36811 001855 0 04331 -0 12657 0 50537 1 00000 0 9686 0 1328 0 9418 0 8645 06167 0 0324 0 00001bullI



VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

middotmiddot MEAN

15 53333332

STD DEV

1160724924


279 59999980


1 70000000

f1Aft

3800000000

2

3

4

0

7

TAJBM

BAP

16

18

0 2222222

0 18888889

470526100

0 17111705

124 -99P5

3 40000000


o 10000000


JI0 70000000 12

COR 18 060555556 038267206 1089999999 o 10000000 1 60000000


PBF 18 191 83333333 142 44844269 345300000000 4900000000 57600000000


u

ZNF 18 23 16666667 2935432627 41700000000 3 00000000 123 00000000 I 2E

FEF 18 77 33333333 76 15309657 139200000000 1200000000 29000000000 12


3~ ~l~ 3gt

CLF 18 55633333333 921 65918162 1001400000000 1200000000 NIF 18 633333333 5 58358940 114 00000000 2 00000000 2000000000


N03 17 720588235 409946194 122 49999993 350000000 1629999995

co 18 1 15555547 036817857 20 79999846 o 50000000 209999943


N02 18 2 21111060 1 12453320 39 79999083 069999999 5 29999924 gt


((

01

6


6 omiddot 6(


6 7(

7

7 middot-----7

7 7(




18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

TA98M 0 92786 l 00000 0 72027 0 55831 0 82658 0 36347 0 72067 0 30814 0 19909 0 183B1 0 27021 -o 24485 0 16441 00001 0 0000 0 0007 0 0160 00001 0 1382 0 0007 02135 0 4284 o 4653 02782 03275 0 5145

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 middot~ _ ~

IMP 0 694~9 0 72027 100000 026151 0 90959 0 02019 0 41595 0 08606 -003357 -0 09269 o 06630 -o 11526 -o 03899 0 0014 00007 0 0000 0 2945 o 0001 09366 00860 0 7342 08948 0 7145 0 7938 06488 0 0779

18 18 18 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

COR 0 74542 0 55831 026151 l 00000 0 55119 080568 0 79948 0 64018 0 55552 0 63819 0 71161 -0 17908 020556 0 0004 00160 0 29-45 -- 0 0000 0 0177 00001 00001 0 0042-- 00167 0 0044 - 0-0009-middot 0-4771 ---0 4132----~

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

BO 087202 082658 0 90959 0 55119 1 00000 030154 0 63241 0 29046 0 14882 0 16657 0 29835 -o 22686 middot 0 12310 --i 0 0001 0 0001 0 0001 0 0177 0 0000 0 240 00049 02423 0 5556 0 5089 02292 03653 0 6265


0 0127 0 1382 0 9366 0 0001 o 2240 0 0000 00001 0 0001 00010 0 0001 00001 0 6660 0 0110 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

KF 0 51850 0 30814 008606 064018 029046 0 87240 0 72937 1 00000 0 70005 087520 0 85297 0 12863 0 58343 0 0275 0 2135 0 7342 0 0042 0 2423 00001 0 0006 00000 00012 0 0001 00001 0 6110 0 0110

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -middotmiddot-----~-- --

ZNF 030529 0 19909 -003357 0 55552 0 14882 0 70828 0 59161 0 70005 1 00000 087145 0 54483 0 11953 0 54444 0 2180 0 4284 08948 0 0167 0 5556 00010 00097 00012 00000 0 0001 00194 0 6366 0 0195

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

FEF 0 38214 0 18381 -0 09269 063819 0 16657 083543 0 60433 0 87520 0 87145 100000 0 78481 -0 00453 0 61174 0 1176 0 4653 0 7145- 0 0044 0 5089 00001 00079 0 0001-- --0 0001 -0 0000 -- 0-0001 -- 0 9858----- 0 00-10----- ----1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18i1middotmiddot

SIF 0 52537 027021 0 06630 0 71161 029835 0 79259 0 58652 0 85297 0 5~483 0 78481 1 00000 -007886 0 51571 0 0252 0 2782 0 7938 0 0009 0 2292 00001 0 0105 00001 00194 0 0001 0 0000 0 7558 00285


CLF -0 28647 -o 24485 -o 11526 -0 17908 -022686 -o 10927 0 07669 0 12863 0 11953 -000453 -o 07886 1 00000 -0 20751 0 2491 03275 0 6488 0 4771 0 3653 06660 0 7623 06110 06366 0 9858 0 7558 0 0000 04087

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 29335 0 16441 -003899 0 20556 0 12310 0 58337 034274 0 58343 0 54444 0 61174 0 51571 -o 20751 1 00000 02374 0 5145 0 8779 0 4132 06265 0 0110 0 1638 0 0110 0 0195 o 0070 0 0285 04087 0 0000 -- --- -- ---

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




SF 0 71313 083969 0 71558 0 22603 o 72637 0 09862 0 44639 0 10128 -005963 -005255 0 12180 -030267 022105 00009 0 0001 00008 03671 0 0006 06970 00633 06892 0 8142 0 8359 06302 02222 03781


ND3 0 70324 0 68520 0 57713 037124 069133 0 40748 0 55993 0 54401 0 50399 0 50803 0 47233 -o 14438 061873 00016 00024 00153 0 1423 0 0021 0 1045 00194 00240 00391 0 0373 00556 0 5B04 0 0081

17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


2N02 0 59259 039963 0 16270 067239 035817 089205 078246 0 92474 074285 087231 080553 005950 064767 -2


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 3


3502 0 75127 0 67523 073330 0 52519 0 78480 0 37019 0 57116 0 50172 044426 0 49609 0 55138 -o 08942 029820 30 0003 00021 00005 0 0252 00001 0 1305 00133 00339 0 0647 00363 00177 0 7242 02294


SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 I~

TA98P 0 71313 o 70324 066396 083251 059259 -037864 075127 middot - --- - ----- -- -- - --- -- ------- -f

bull1


middotTA98M 083969 0 68520 0 50083 0 77972 039963 -o 46393 067523

Cl 00001 00024 00343 00001 o 1004 00525 00021


00008 0 0153 03691 00023 o 5189 00024 00005 (

1B 17 18 18 18 18 18 6bull



i 18 17 18 18 18 18 18 o

130 0 72637 0 69133 0 43936 0 77128 035817 -o 54332 middoto 784Bo 00006 0 0021 00681 0 0002 o 1444 00198 0 0001

18 17 18 18 18 18 18 -------- lr

7

middot 7lt

17

- --- ---



SF N03

PBF 0 09862 0 40748 0 6970 0 1045

18 17

DRF 0 44639 0 55993 0 0633 0 0194

18 17

KF 0 10128 0 54401 0 6892 00240

18 17

ZNF -005963 0 50399 0 8142 0 0391

18 17

FEF -005205 0 50803 0 8359 0 0373

I 18 17 bull 1



02222 0 5804 18 17

NIF 0 22103 061873 0 3781 00081

18 17

i SF l 00000 0 64435 I 00000 00052

18 17 I


111 co 0 15196 0 31686Imiddot

0 5472 02153 18 17

NO 0 48753 0 43096 o 0401 0 0842

18 17

ND2 0 14107 0 59138 b 5766 0 0124

18 17

2

co

0 76253

NO

0 57718

N02

089205

03

o 18401

802


3


18 0 0121

18 0 0001

18 0 4648

18 0 1305


-middot - bull 10

0 78881 0 0001

18

0 72386

087660 0 0001

18

045750

0 78246 -026944 0 0001 0 2796

18 18

092474 024139

0 57116 00133

18



00007 18

0 0563 18

0 0001 18

03346 18

00339 18

IA

060760 037468 074285 030709 o 44426 00075

-- 18 0 1255

---- 18 0 0004

18--0 2151

18 0 0647




3018 18 18 18 18


0 0012 0 1217 0 0001 0 3555 0 0177 4 18 18 18 18 18 30


41

4

0 11923 0 02979 064767 0 25318 0 29820 06375 0 9066 00037 03107 0 2294

4018 18 18 18 18 4


0 5472 00401 0 5766 00646 00134 18 18 18 18 18 -Imiddot

5bull1031686 0 43096 0 59138 -0 15354 0 78859 0 2153 00842 00124 0 5563 0 0002



18 18 18 18 18 lo=bull 1r1


18 18 18 18 18 ltP

j1~1

bull1110 70880 0 55764 1 00000 0 05266 0 59471 I 0 0010 0 0162 0 0000 0 8356 00092 71i


_




03 -o 44444 -o 15354 -001013 -0 53711 005266 1 00000 -0 32031 bi 0 0646 0 5563 09682 00215 o 8356 00000 0 1950

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

b

802 0 57071 0 78859 o ~1216 061918 0 ~9471 -o 32031 1 00000 00134 00002- middot 00218 00061 00092 0 1950 00000

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

i 1111

1 ~

ilt1i -

i)

I middot


TA98P

TA9811

BAP

CDR

N MEAN

18 27 34444442

18 12 22222221

18 o 32222222

18 0 87222222



I

6 1gt9245012 219 99999975 3 40000000 2b 79999995 1~1 -

0 42086124 5 79999999 o 10000000 160000000 11

036267885 1569999999 030000000 160000000 H BO

PBF

BRF

18 1 11gt111111

18 28700000000

18 52 00000000

130435420 20 89999999 o 10000000 5 10000000 1 111 14902348808 516600000000 8600000000 667 00000000 I J ~

I ~ middot1 I

1-middot11

3438B78066 93600000000 600000000 125 00000000

KF 18 13083333333

99 97249622 35500000000 3600000000 406-00000000 1middot1

ZNF

FEF

18 20 22222222

18 9322222222

middot bullbull 1


40 25030659 1678 00000000 2000000000 18000000000 -

SIF

CLF

NIF

SF

16 20amp50000000


18 266666667


--


i1

218 211H369 2277 00000000 1800000000 971 00000000 1


tbullmiddot 1111


ND3 18 704444444 -- - -----


co 18 1 19999973 0 39704784 a 59999514 o 19999999 189999962



03 18 1 62222203 1 55433184 29 19999653 0 4 59999943

602 18 o 03888888 I bullbullI

008498365 019999987 0 0 29999995- I I


--




TA98P 1 00000 0 95880 0 33769 030796 045622 -o 14393 008990 0 05364 -o 13524 0 00460 -o 06952 002155 -001755 00000 0 0001 0 1705 0 2138 00570 0 5688 07228 08326 0 5926 09855 o 7840 09324 09449

TA98H 0 95880 1 00000 041939 0 16604 049250 -026445 -004611 -0 08562 -0 17367 -0 11225 -0 16946 0 01194 -o 13945 00001 0 0000 00932 0 5102 00379 02889 08558 07355 04907 06574 0 5014 09625 0 5810 middot

BAP 0 33769 0 41939 1 00000 0 18156 095321 -o 26383 0 15729 0 13137 -0 03319 -0 35950 -0 12397 0 54944 0 18677 0 1705 o 0832 00000 0 4709 00001 02901 0 5331 06033 08960 0 1429 06241 00182 04580


BO 0 45622 0 49250 095321 035446 100000 -0 14965 028353 0 20042 0 04606 -0 30491 -0 11295 0 51501 022571 - 1

00570 00379 0 0001 0 1490 0 0000 0 5534 02542 04252 08560middot 02186 06554 00287 0 3678 1 Ibull

i iPBF -0 14393 -0 26445 -o 26383 070265 -0 14965 100000 0 84410 0 73014 0 17409 084866 0 75510 -o 11898 063813


I


JbullII


111


middot1 FEF 0 00460 -0 11225 -03~950 0 60364 -030491 084866 065601 0 70146 001902 100000 090712 -023023 060387


0 7840 05014 06241 00066 06554 00003 00009 00001 0 7926 00001 00000 08816 00003 i i iI

CLF 002155 001194 o 54944 -006136 0 51501 -0 11898 0 30259 o 22757 044606 -023023 003781 100000 001395 09324 0 9625 -middot- 0 0182 -08089 00287 06382 - o 2223 03638 00635 03580 08816 00000 - o-1562 - I


09449 0 5B10 0 4580 00002 0367B 00044 00010 00001middot 0 7607 00080 00003 09562 00000 NIF -0 01755 -o 13945 0 18677 0 77235 022571 063813 0 70691 0 91863 -0 07721 060387 0 74978 001395 1 00000

I SF

ND3

-0 00948 09702

0 57359 00128

-0 06773 0 7895

0 54898 00183

041263 00888-

0 70681 00010

001B84 09409-

037109 0 1295

045817 00559

0 62110 0 0001

004542 08580

-0 12277 0 6274

042099 00819

023617 03454

o 31931 0 1965-

0 19639 04348

0 61671 -0 15333 00064 0 5436

006757 -022576 0 7899 0 3677

005262 0 8357

-008816 0 7280

091598 00001

026757 02831

006616 0 7942

022764 03636

iCbull

i i

co 0 55631 0 0165

0 52842 00242

004224 08678

0 49836 00353

0 14993 0 5526

038285 0 1169

035844 0 1441

o 20851 0 4064

-o 20481 0 4149

030973 0 2110

0 18727 0 4568

-0 27334 0 2724

023756 03425

NO 0 32544 0 1876

0 25876 02998

021495 03917

0 75467 00003

035989 0 1424

0 62866 00052

0 69713 00013

0 50726 00317

-0 07765 0 7594

0 38188 0 1179

0 33233 -002472 0 1779 09224

0 51261 00296


l

N02

TA98P

0 04264 0 8666

TA98M

004085 0 8721

CORRELATION

BAP COR

-o 26388 049516 02900 0 0367



-024236 0 59937 036052 0 42562 -005869 0 64556 03325 00086 0 1416 00782 0 8171 00038

SIF

0 51792 00277

CLF

-0 37459 0 1256

NJF

045314 0 0590

--pmiddot1 _ ___ l-1 I I ~ i

i -

03 -o 08513 0 7370

-o 10636 0 6744

-o 40365 00967

-o 10841 06685

-039356 o 1061

0 16868 0 5034

-004380 o 8630

0 03076 0 9036

036536 0 1360

0 29733 02308

02893 -o 24712 02501 03228

000644 0 9798

))

S02 0 37814 0 40175 0 40203 -0 07740 031162 -o 11333 0 17914 0 13582 o 16193 0 00068 0 12285 0 68627 -o 08408 0 1218 0 0984 00982 0 7602 0 2081 06543 0 4769 0 5910 0 5209 09979 0 6272 00017 0 7401 middot

I


i I j

TA98P -o 00948 0 57359 0 55631 032544 004264 -008513 037814 11


TA98M -006773 0 54898 0 52842 025876 004085 -o 10636 04017 0 7895 0 0183 00242 0 2998 08721 06744 0 0984


IMP 0 41263 0 70681 0 04224 0 21495 -026388 -o 40365 040203 1middotr 0 0888 0 0010 08678 0 3917 02900 00967 0 0982 I


COR 0 01884 0 9409

0 37109 0 1295

0 49836 0 0353

0 75467 00003

049516 00367

-o 10841 06685

-o 07740 0 7602



00559 00001 0 5526 0 1424 03325 0 1061 02081 I 11

I 4 I

PBF 0 04542 0 8580

-0 12277 06274

0 38285 0 1169

0 62866 00052

0 59937 o 0086

0 16868 0 5034

-o 11333 06543 i I


KF

00819

0 31931

03454

0 19639

0 1441

020851

00013

0 50726

o 1416

042562

08630

0 03076

0 4769

0 13582

1ilvl

0 1965 0 4348 04064 00317 00782 09036 0 5910 bull I

--- --- -1middot ti

ZNF 0 61671 0 06757 -o 20481 -o 07765 -005869 o 36536 0 16193 )

00064 0 7899 0 4149 0 7594 08171 0 1360 0 5209 I

FEF -o 15333 -o 22576 0 30973 088188 064556 0 29733 000068 I 0 5436 0 3677 02110 0 1179 0 0038 02308 0 9979

i

6IF 0 05262 -008816 0 18727 033233 0 51792 0 28593 0 12285 1middot 11- I

08357 0 7280 0 4568 0 1779 o 0277 0 2501 06272 bull middot1

CLF 0 91 598 026757 -o 27334 -o 02472 -037459 -0 24712 068627 0 0001 0 2831 o 2724 0 9224 o 1256 03228 0 0017

NIF 0 06616 022764 0 23756 0 51261 045314 0 00644 -008408 0 7942 0 3636 03425 0 0296 0 0590 0 9798 0 7401

I -

--1



SF 1 00000 033200 -029567 -000496 -03B569 -0 14233 049893 1middot

ND3

co

NO

N02

03

502

0 0000

0 33200 0 1783

-0 29567 0 2336

-000496 0 9844

-0 3B569 0 1139

-o 14233 0 5732

0 49893 00351

0 1783

1 00000 00000

027495 02695

0 25388 03094

-0 34866 0 1562

001501 0 9529

0 12659 06167

0 2336

027495 0 2695

1 00000 00000

071100 00009

0 46975 00492

o 10103 0 6900

000000 1 0000

09844

0 2538B 03094

0 71100 0 0009

1 00000 00000

0 44577 00637

-o 15038 0 5514

001706 0 9464

0 1139 0 5732 00351

-034866 0 01501 0 12659 0 1562 0 9529 06167

0 46975 0 10103 000000 0 0492 06900 1 0000

044577 -0 15038 0 01706 00637 0 5514 09464

1 00000 000732 -o 11744 o 0000 0 9770 06426

000732 100000 -o 16279 09770 00000 0 5187

- -

-o 11744 -o 16279 100000 06426 0 5187 00000

-- --~-- ---------- - - ---middot


11middot I bull


11 4

----- -~- ---------i ~

II-1lt1

41

-1middot_I j

_

) I

1bull bullI I

[

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-i I I

_

_

i _

i i

I I -_

SAS STATION=7996


VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

MEAN

1407777777

STD DEV

8 17554139

SUM

25339999978

MINIMUM

o 60000000

MAXIMUM

28 39999998

Imiddot1 I


BAP

CDR

18

18

18

707222222

0 13888889

032222222

426391225

006978023

025565500

12729999995

2 50000000

580000000

040000000

o 10000000

o 10000000

t4 20000000

0 30000000

090000000

I

middot1

BO

PBF

BRF

KF

ZNF

FEF

SIF


18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

o 48333333

22826611111

44 46111111

139 52777778

24 73888889

17422777778

450951555556

26421111111

031482955

20203637gt56

3533125826

115 77552218

15 52118624

125 44174090

33441987385

21783477519

B 70000000

4108 79000000

BOO 30000000

2511 50000000

44530000000 ~---middotmiddot--

3136 10000000


4755 80000000

--

o 10000000

1700000000

700000000

3700000000

400000000

1700000000

7900000000

1900000000

1 20000000 I 11

77100000000 middot1 1-li

13000000000 middot- 11


i-11 7400000000 middot-I



Ibull

89300000000 i~I middot-------middot- - -------- -------- (

NIF 18 1685555555 1260598468 303 39999998 200000000 48 00000000 1

SF

N03

ND

18

18

9

1968 4222222


2 71111094

115393953280

565174506

1 72224005

35431 60000000 middot

140 59999998

24 39999843

54100000000

300000000

029999995

5790c 00000000

24 50000000

6 39999962

bulliI _t

I I

I

ND2 16 269999966 149092499 4049999332 l 19999981 b 19999981

03 15 1 77333314 1 20621393 26 59999704 middot-middot - -

0 3 19999981

S02 15 1 35333300 1 14633970 2029999506 029999995 4 29999924


i middotj

bull-li


--




TA98P 1 00000 o 92935 0 28825 -o 01129 048961 0 13388 033461 0 18025 0 13720 -002539 -0 16409 -o 32350 0 10007 00000 00001 02461 09645 00392 05964 0 1747 0 4742 05872 09204 o 0153 0 1904 06928 i

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 1d

TA98M 092935 1 00000 032610 0 15817 046062 033824 0 47603 034902 033729 0 16881 0 01959 -026313 0 12028 rmiddot ii 00001 00000 0 1866 0 5308 00544 0 1698 00458 0 1557 0 1711 0 0031 09385 02914 06345

I18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

1


I02461 0 1866 00000 00010 00001 00126 00006 00165 0 1587 00717 0 1419 03167 03501 18 18 10- 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 - i

I(



00392 00544 00001 0 0048 00000 00571 00022 00494 03512 02678 03858 03432 0 1697 JIbull


0 1747 o 0458 - 0 0006 - 00001 00022 00001 00000 - 0 0001 00017 00002 00085 06294 0 7840 18 18 1B 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 ) 1)

ZNF 0 1370 03379 034666 0 54174 023343 074960 068574 065671 1 00000 0 72305 0 54970 -o 18941 049618 I li0 5872 o 1711 0 1587 00202 03512 00003 00017 00031 00000 00007 00181 04516 00362


~ i bull FEF -0 02539 0 16881 0 43439 0 76834 027588 090022 0 76972 0 80442 0 72305 1 00000 090809 -0 118f4 033937

I 0 9204 0 5031 00717 00002 02678 0 0001 00002 0 0001 00007 00000 00001 06406 0 1683 middotmiddotI

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18



CLF -0 32350 -0 26315 -0 25018 -001103 -023724 -005122 -0 12210 0 00024 -0 18941 -o 11814 0 15372 100000 -027728 1

0 1904 02914 03167 0 9653 03432 08400 06294 09993 0 4516 06406 0 5425 o 0000 02653 -18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 10007 0 12028 -o 23398 -0 19023 -0 33828 0 18641 0 06953 0 09793 0 49618 0 33937 0 14030 -0 27728 100000 0 6928 06345 03501 0 4496 o 1697 04589 o 7840 06991 0 0362 o 1683 0 5787 02653 00000 1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




N03 0 63242 0 56885 0 15694 -000873 0 46691 -0 10536 0 10681 0 06973 006362 -0 26846 -023405 0 06398 -023346 II

I-0 0049 0 0138 0 5340 0 9726 0 0508 0 6773 0 6731 0 7834 0 B020 02814 03499 08009 0 3512 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

11bull ii(


NO 0 55212 0 48690 082799 051547 0 73964 036537 o 5~405 0 17045 0 43112 0 13157 -o 01367 -o 31045 -o 14897 1 0 1232 0 1838 0 0058 0 1555 0 0227 0 3336 0 1217 0 6611 0 2466 0 7358 0 9722 0 4162 0 7021


llt

I 3


I 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

rj 00767 00389 00666 0 1729 00134 03732 00908 03811 02595 09573 08808 0 5762 03102 l

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 3i ~802 0 73863 0 58663 041270 -001688 0 52023 -o 14223 0 14874 -o 06508 -004904 -o 32131 -031231 0 15680 -022241 n0 0017 00215 0 1263 0 9524 00468 06131 0 5968 0 8177 08622 02429 02571 0 5768 04256

16 16 15- ---- - 15 15 15 15 15-- - 15 -- 15 -- --15 --15------ --- -15------ -- middot

middot I



18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1 iIll


bulls_18 18 0 9 15 15 15i -- ----------[


t1

COR -o 02761 -0 00873 0 51547 074490 -0 37138 -001688 04


BO 0 18682 0 46691 0 73964 033341 -062129 0 52023 lti 0 4579 0 0508 0 0227 02246 00134 0046B 1(l

7118 18 0 9 15 15 15 --- - -middot ~



3 2

SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 3

4

bull PBF 0 15363 -0 10536 036537 093532 -0 24779 -0 14223 bull


BRF 0 231B4 0 106B1 0 55405 083513 -045195 0 14874 I

0 3546 0 6731 0 1217 00001 00908 0 596B 18 18 0 9 15 15 15

Imiddot

KF 0 33801 0 0673 0 17045 085814 -024388 -006508 - -- - --- - - middot- 0 1701 0 7834 0 6611 o 0001 03B11 08177

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1I

ZNF 0 36622 006362 0 43112 0 74557 -0 310B0 -004904 1 0 1350 08020 02466 0 0014 02595 08622

2 18 18 0 15 - 15 15 ---------- -1_

FEF 001413 -026846 0 13157 093257 -001512 -032131 2


0956 0 2814 0 735B 00001 0 9573 0242 3

3




NIF 0 23057 -023346 -o 14897 032692 028110 -0 22241 0 3573 03512 0 7021 02343 03102 0 4256

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 SF l 00000 066667 --- ----- middot-00573b - 0 1724~ -041658 052203

00000 00025 08835 0 5389 0 1224 00459 I 18 18 0 9 15 15 151middot I 1 N03 0 66667 1 00000 022436 -009255 -o 58411 079808


I I co

fi


0 8835 0 5617 00000 06093 0 4302 00973 bullmiddot 9 9 0 9 9 9 9

N02 0 17244 -o 09255 0 19817 100000 -009374 -0 16884 0 5389 0 7429 06093 00000 0 7397 0 5475

15 15 0 9 15 15 15 7

7



SF N03 co NO N02 03 S 2

03 -o 41658 -o 58411 -o 30163 -009374 1 00000 -o 56403 0 1224 0 0222 04302 o 7397 00000 00285


S02 0 52203 0 79808 0 58598 -0 16884 -0 56403 1 00000 0 0459 0 0004 0 0973 0 5475 00285 00000

15 15 0 9 15 15 15

i I fbull





--

bullbull






e 6 7430 813 73 0 19 0 0 6 3 4 4 0 1 O l 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 1 3 2 2 2 0 9 bull 1 7430 821 58 035 57 94 59 03 05 18 09 13 132 97 80 32


18



23 16 7433 801 64 0 57 9 1 9 2 56 03 03 2 7 1 5 0 5 12 3 6 B 69 33


26

27 5 4 0 3 0 3 2 5 l 4 0 7 12 1 6 B 3 6 7 0


SI a --~- 823 4lt 020 65 29 35 01 01 11 12 01 33 126 26 06(__137

25 7433 831 51 0 32 7 0 52 58 06 09 48 3 5 17 14 7 66 7B 34 lJ



Ul3B 30



44 31 _ 7440 801 73 069 77 112 107 06 13 41 19 33 48 12 77 24


36 7440 813 52 0 27 6 1 6 1 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 3 0 2 7 4 4 2 3 4 1 2 ~ 37 7440 821 61 050 44 83 107 06 15 40 18 29 55 35 30 17

88 7440- -- - 822 43 0 24 4 b 4 7 2 6 middot 0 1 -0 1 0 7 0 4 0 2 6 6 4 7 8 0 3 2 39 7440 823 39 0 24 4 9 4 4 2 9 0 1 ~- 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 17 1 5 4 6 1 7 M 40 7440 831 56 J42 41 69 106 10 c3 75 48 45 148 52 106 30


_ tor

----------------------------------------------- ---------------

__




1tl1-

1-1) i ~ I





i lili


I middot1middot1

~ i -

------------------------- I bull

Imiddot I

ii middot

II

j I

I iI


APPENDIX V







Annual -004 0001 Annual 009 050





TSP Winter -7 010

Spring -2 042

Summer -3 034

Annual -4 012

so4 Winter -09 016

Spring 005 063

Summer -06 024

Annual -05 011


Spring aa 099

Summer -04 021

Annual -02 042

BAP Winter 5 014

Spring aa 056

Summer aa 100

Annual 004 012


11111i~~li~~IIII 07488





-vii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract iii



List of Tables xvii







-viii-





A Summary 11

B Introduction 12



E Conclusions 21





A Introduction 22



-ix-

26

CHAPTER IV

REFERENCES





0 Conclusions 44




A Introduction 46



0 Conclusions 54

56

-x-

62 APPENDICES












-xi-

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


















-xii-

LIST OF FIGURES



County California


3d



















out 59 (c) 19b




-xiii-





March-June) 50a





March-June) 50b










March-June) 50d





March-June) 50e








-xiv-


































-xv-














-xvi-

LIST OF TABLES






Identification 3c












Six

29a



Three

29b



Six

32a



Six

32b

-xvii-






Samples 1982-1984 32d



Samples 1982-1984 32e












Density (+S9) 34b



Density (+S9) 34c

-xviii-





Benzanthrone 36b



Richmond

38a



Martinez

38b



Concord

38c





at Richmond 40a



at Martinez 40b



at Concord 40c

-xix-



at Pittsburg 40d



















-xx-



June 1984

at

48a



1979-June 1984 48b









-xxi-

D-IAPTER I

PROJECT SUMMARY











and investigation



















-1-




~ 0



-la-































-2-









Tables I-1 and 2



















-3-

TABLE 1-1


TSP

so= 4

NO -3

ORG

BAP

BKF

BGP

COR

BZO

PBF

BRF

FEF

SIF

KF

ZNF

SF

CLF

M39BPS9

M398MS9

M398NRM

NR98M3

ORG98PS9

ORG98MS9

03 co NO

N02

so2


Sulfate Mass

Nitrate Mass


Benzo(a)pyrene


Benzo(ghi)perylene

Coronene


Fine fraction Lead


Fine fraction Iron



Fine fraction Zinc







Ozone

Carbon Monoxide

Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Sulfur dioxide


3ngm

3ngm

3ngm 3ngm 3ngm 3

ngm 3

ngm 3


revmicrog

rev microg

pphm

ppm

pphm

pphm

pphm

-3a-

TABLE 1-2




TSP

so -4

N03

ORG

PAH

Mutagens

Trace elements

so2

Pb only














Gravimetric

Turbidimetric

Colorimetric

Benzene extraction

HPLC - fluorescence

Standard Ames test


X-ray fluorescence

II ii


Chemiluminescence

Infrared absorption

Fluorescence

-3b-

TABLE 1-3







Mutagenicity PAH


Agency Performing

Analysis


AIHL AIHL

DHS-LBL

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD

BAAQMD



Collect Gas Data

NO X

co



6 pm 6 am

Analytical Method


Ames HPLC






-3c-




FIGURE I-2

-3d-

































-4-

I + PJ I




by GC-MS HPLC

(AIHL)

Analyzed for Pb by


To BAAOMD

i ----


(BAAOMD)

FILTERS


(AIHL)

Ar------ -----

Igt

_J_

frac14dt ~--

I

(Supple t ment)



middot

bull

bullbull

TSP Gravimetrically

(BAAOMD)

~

I


(AIHL)

DATA BANK (AIHL)



each 4 months








of 10 were observed




factor



aerosol mutagens









(21)

-5-











wide








Angeles












-6-


































-7-



3 -











(28)



trends





tion







-8-




responsible










3 -





3

Gas phase HNO3













-9-
























-10-

CHAPTER II




A Summary























-11-

B Introduction






















mutagens










-12-


l Chemicals


























Berkeley California

-13-

















50 litersmin

















-14-













used throughout



















-15-










1 Chemical Mutagens






















-16-

TABLE 11-1



Chemical Plate


Suspension







experiment

-16a-
































-17-

TABLE 11-2







(revnmol)

Composite Berkeley


(revm3)


-17a-


1000

(a)+ S9

UJ E-lt -l 0

800


600E-z lt E-0 UJ gt

400

Ul 0

00

deg 200lt E-

0 ----~P----------------~------ 0 10 20 30 40 50



(f)


deg lt E-

300

200

100

Microsuspension

0

Plate Incorporation

0 _________________ ______

0 10 20 30 40 50


-17b-

00
































-18-

I I- oi Pl I

200 ---------------------------------

-

150 -

100 -


~f~t~fWW

50 lI



TIME OF DAY


M e ()


r IJJ z

6am



























at the site





-19-


E


deg lt f-

EshyuJ z

800 ---------------------------------~

-

600 -

-

400 -

-

200 -


1------1

10am 2pm


6pm

TIME OF DAY

Cl C

E

C

E (J

10pm 2am 6am6am

800 -------------------------------


E

600 -(JJ

Eshyz

-lt EshyC tJJ

400 -gt tJJ c

deg 00

lt -

E-

EshytJJ z

11111111111111111

l


TIME OF DAY

-19a-

6am


1200

1000 E

_ ltJ)


00 c

400ltC 1--

1--UJ z 200

0



TIME OF DAY

1200 --------------------------------


degE _ ltJ)

1-- 800 z ltC 1--c ~ 600 UJ 0

00

~ 400 I-I--UJ z 200

0


TIME OF DAY

200 ---------------------------------


150 (I)

1-shyz ltC 1--0 UJ

100gt UJ 0

00 c ltC 1--

1-shy so UJ z

0


TIMEOF DAY

-19b-
























sampling sites






-20-

TABLE 11-3




+59 -59


1920-705

(113-11482)

710-1915

(11482)

2020-705

(114-11582)

572 723 223 238

304 236 101 86

624 727 238 296




-20a-

bull bull

1200

M 1000

I _


bull middot-

er uJ 600 1 gt uJ

N I er

0 cr I I00

OI bull400

~ -

-uJ z 200

bull bullI

0 0 05 1 15 2

LEAD (microgm3)









E Conclusions










-21-

CHAPTER ill




A Introduction













approach












-22-



















diurnal differences














-23-






3 Chemical Analysis










(2831)















-24-


















Welfare Data System











-25-











Episode I








Episode II









-26-

Episode III








Episode IV









end of the period

Episode V







Episode VI





-27-




Episode Summary



























-28-



D + d 2 + N














Summary Statistics











-29-

TABLE III-1



M398PS9 3revm 24 21 11 3 44

M398MS9 3revm 24 9 5 l 21



M398NRM 3revm 16 4 l 2 7

NR98M3 16 036 014 015 068

BAP 3ngm 24 02 02 01 08

BKF 3ngm 24 01 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 24 09 06 02 26

COR 3ngm 24 06 04 01 15

BZO 3ngm 24 08 07 01 32

ORG microgm3 23 35 2-4 1-5 8-4

TSP 3microgm 23 64 21 24 124

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

23

23

24

79

86

45

40

44

29

32

50

9

182

223

117

PBF 3ngm 24 242 153 52 605

BRFPBF 24 020 008 013 041

ZNF ngm3 24 26 13 9 68

KF 3ngm 24 142 103 50 429

FEF 3ngm 24 128 88 26 357

SIF 3ngm 24 291 235 56 952

CLF ngm3 24 260 426 27 2173

NIF 3ngm 24 7 6 2 27

SF 3ngm 24 1797 1195 516 6473

co ppm 18 11 04 05 17

NO pphm 21 19 12 03 43

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 09 49

03 pphm 23 22 11 01 41

502 pphm 23 04 07 00 34


-29a-

TABLE ID-2



M398PS9 3revm 12 12 6 6 21

M398MS9 3revm 12 7 2 3 10




NR98M3 12 043 016 018 071

BAP 3ngm 12 06 06 01 16

BKF 3ngm 12 03 02 01 07

BGP 3ngm 12 14 11 04 34

COR 3ngm 12 08 05 02 19

BZO 3ngm 12 21 20 03 58

ORG 3ngm 12 75 35 20 107

TSP 3microgm 12 90 22 52 126

NO3 so4 BRF

3microgm

3microgm

3ngm

12

12

11

115

149

69

46

57

48

41

53

16

185

252

172

PBF 3ngm 11 262 162 82 671

BRFPBF 11 025 007 015 040

ZNF 3ngm 11 37 13 12 55

KF 3ngm NA

FEF 3ngm 11 102 39 42 155

SIF 3ngm NA

CLF 3ngm NA

NIF 3ngm 11 25 14 7 51

SF 3ngm NA

co ppm 9 12 05 06 19

NO pphm 9 28 22 07 63

NO2 pphm 9 36 15 10 61

03 pphm 9 16 14 01 40

so2 pphm 9 04 03 0 09

NA = Not analyzed

-29b-
















aerosols
















-30-





=




=



























(gt8) (44)

-31-




























-32-

TABLE ID-3




3M398PS9 revm 24 24 14 6 58

M398M59 revm3 24 10 6 2 27



NR98M3 16 035 022 012 110

BAP ngm3 24 02 01 01 04

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 24 11 07 02 24

COR ngm3 24 07 04 01 16

BZO ngm3 24 08 06 01 20

ORG microgm 3 23 36 27 15 92

TSP microgm 3 23 76 25 34 139

NO microgm 3 23 86 34 32 1583

so= microgm 3 23 84 44 51 2144

BRF microgm 3 24 50 31 8 114

PBF microgm 3 24 266 157 49 638

BRFPBF 24 019 007 010 042

ZNF ngm3 24 31 24 9 123

KF ngm3 24 157 129 38 491

FEF ngm3 24 144 98 28 371

SIF ngm3 24 326 284 24 1220

CLF ngm3 24 174 282 19 1450

NIF ngm3 24 8 8 2 33

SF ngm3 24 1810 1384 442 7640

co ppm 18 13 04 06 21

NO pphm 21 22 15 05 64

NO2 pphm 23 26 11 12 53

pphm 23 29 15 aa 5903

502 pphm 23 04 09 oo 43

-32a-

TABLE ill- 4




M398PS9 revm3 24 17 10 ltl 37

M398MS9 revm3 24 9 5 ltl 18



M398NRM revm3 16 4 2 l 6

NR98M3 16 036 013 018 070

BAP ngm3 24 02 03 01 15

BKF ngm3 24 01 01 01 05

BGP ngm3 24 08 07 02 28

COR ngm3 24 05 03 01 15

BZO ngm3 24 07 10 01 44

ORG microgm 3 24 33 23 11 88


so= 3

microgm 3 24 86 44 50 2314 3BRF ngm 24 41 30 7 133

PBF ngm3 24 218 168 38 714

BRFPBF 24 021 010 011 041

ZNF ngm3 24 20 11 3 52

KF ngm3 24 127 82 54 377 3FEF ngm 24 112 90 24 353

SIF ngm3 24 256 205 87 787

CLF ngm3 24 346 582 31 2895

NIF ngm3 24 7 7 2 30

SF ngm3 24 1785 1094 590 5305

co ppm 18 10 04 02 17

NO pphm 21 15 13 01 50

NO2 pphm 23 25 12 06 51

03 pphm 23 15 09 01 35

502 pphm 23 03 06 00 25

-32b-

TABLE ill- 5




TA98+S9 100 094 045 054 060

TA98-S9 094 100 049 044 059

BAP 045 049 100 038 092

COR middot054 044 037 100 056

BZO 060 059 092 056 100

PBF 028 025 008 071 019

BRF 040 038 030 074 044

KF 026 022 015 058 008

ZNF 012 012 -001 027 026

FEF 009 013 -007 028 -005

SIF -012 001 -007 013 -009

CLF -027 -022 001 -015 -005

NIF -010 -007 -012 -020 -012

SF 022 023 028 003 036

NO3 049 051 032 015 047

co 054 051 023 071 036

NO 051 045 034 049 044

NO2 032 031 011 061 018

03 -027 -035 -041 -013 -043

SO2 004 005 -002 -027 -002



-32c-




TA98+S9 100 095 051 050 065

TA98-S9 095 100 057 038 059

BAP 053 057 100 051 077

COR 050 038 051 JI 100 076

BZO 067 059 077 076 100

PBF 019 007 028 070 046

BRF 038 030 059 074 071

KF 024 010 039 066 048

ZNF -014 -019 -019 015 -001

FEF -012 -018 004 019 003

SIF -012 -016 014 015 005

CLF -020 -012 -008 -012 -006

NIF -033 -039 -019 -033 -024

SF 023 028 054 020 045

NO -3 056 057 066 045 064

co 053 042 032 065 054

NO 049 049 046 012 045

NO2 024 012 019 051 026

03 -030 -036 -063 -003 -048

SO2 -003 001 023 -033 000



-32d-

TABLE ID- 7




TA98+S9 100 095 056 055 066

TA98-S9 095 100 056 050 063

BAP 056 056 100 046 096

COR 055 050 046 100 054

BZO 066 063 096 054 100

PBF 033 035 006 073 013

BRF 043 043 028 077 037

KF 027 033 014 053 018

ZNF 034 047 010 028 015

FEF 021 032 -009 033 -008

SIF 005 016 -012 009 -015

CLF -031 -028 000 -015 -005

NIF 010 019 -012 -013 -007

SF 022 020 026 -008 035

NO3 049 051 030 000 044

co 055 058 028 072 034

NO 051 042 038 071 047

NO2 040 043 010 070 016

03 -050 -047 -041 -050 -053

so2 001 009 -009 -027 -004



-32e-

Factor Analysis











-4





data
















-33-

TABLE ill-8


Factor I Factor 2

PBF (095) NIF (088)

BRF (093) SIF (063)

KF (090) FEF (061)

FEF (0 71) ZNF (042)

SIF (053)

ZNF (048)




Factor 3

SF (084)

N0 - (083)3

ZNF (025)

Factor 4

CLF (096)

ZNF (030)

12

Secondary Aerosols

factors

10

Sea Salt

Sum 81


-33a-

TABLE ill- 9




Interpretation

KF (092)

PBF (090)

FEF (083)

BRF (081)

SIF (080)

NO (028)3

40


Nitrate found

CLF (094) NIF (087)

ZNF (090) SIF (038)

No - (036) FEF (037)3

18 17


and (some) Soil

in three factors

SF (096)

BRF (038)

NO - (031)3

10 Sum 85

Secondary so=

4Aerosols


-33b-

TABLE ill- 10



BRF (095) NIF (081)

PBF (093) SIF (080)

KF (089) FEF (066)

ZNF (0 72) ZNF (034)

FEF (067) KF (027)

SIF (040)



Soil


SF (087)

NO - (087)3

NIF (034)

ZNF (028)

CLF (099)

11

Secondary Aerosols

9

Sea Salt

Sum 86


-33c-








during the day NO3




-








i Mutagenic Density











-34-

TABLE ID-11



PBF (094) NIF (084) NO - (082)3

CLF (094) SF (090)

BRF (093) FEF (060) ZNF (052) ZNF (030) NO - (035)3

KF (090) SIF (060) SF (026) NIF (027)

FEF (0 72) ZNF (050)

SIF (056)

ZNF (037)




Refining and Soil

(NOtdeg-) and me

Salt (SO -)4


-34a-

TABLE m-12



PBF (095) CLF (095) NO - (087)3

NIF (086) SF (096)

KF (092) ZNF (091) BRF (031) SIF (053) BRF (030)

BRF (084) NO - (026)3

FEF (052

FEF (075)

SIF (0 71)




Sea Salt and Zinc

Secondary (NO -)

3

Oil Refining

and

Secondary(so =)

4

Soil


-34b-

TABLE ID- 13



BRF (094) NO - (088)3

PBF (092) SF (085)

KF (089) NIF (032)

ZNF (073) ZNF (028)

FEF (071)

SIF (047)

NIF (081)

SIF (072)

FEF (060)

ZNF (031)

KF (025)

CLF (091)




Soil


Sea Salt


-34c-













-




-















-35-




as well






present study








not clear

ii Coronene










-36-

TABLE ID- 14



BRF (091) NIF (081) SF (084) CLF (097)

PBF (090) FEF (0 78) NO - (083)3

ZNF (030)

KF (082) SIF (0 77) ZNF (026)

ZNF (041) ZNF (046)

SIF (035) KF (037)

PBF (032)

Coronene (089) (-024) (005) (-012)




-36a-

TABLE ill-15



PBF (095) NO - (082)3

NIF (086) CLF (096)

BRF (091) SF (080) SIF (052) ZNF (032)

KF (090) BRF (027) FEF (051)

FEF (079) ZNF (042)

SIF (062)

ZNF (049)

Benzan throne (028) (069) (-041) (-010)



Soil


-36b-













iii Benzanthrone




















-37-

iv Summary




soil (FEF SIF)


surface soil








Summary Statistics










-38-

TABLE ill-16


1982-1984


M398PS9 revm3 18 17 u 4 34

M398MS9 revm3 18 7 5 3 16



M398NRM revm3 12 4 1 3 5

NR98M3 12 045 017 033 069

BAP ngm3 18 02 02 01 05

BKF ngm3 18 01 01 01 03

BGP ngm3 18 10 06 04 18

COR ngm3 18 07 03 03 10

BZO ngm3 18 08 07 02 21

ORG microgm 3 17 35 25 16 73

TSP microgm3 17 57 19 24 70

NO microgm 3 17 78 35 40 118 so=

3 microgm 3 17 108 66 57 222

BRF 4

ngm3 18 42 24 9 66

PBF ngm3 18 209 125 52 407

BRFPBF 18 021 009 013 037

ZNF ngm3 18 28 23 9 68

KF ngm3 18 125 75 50 247

FEF ngm3 18 88 66 26 188

SIF ngm3 18 155 121 56 393

CLF ngm3 18 497 825 44 2172

NIF ngm3 18 7 5 2 15

SF ngm3 18 2506 2032 1074 6473

co ppm 18 12 02 09 14

NO pphm 18 15 10 03 30


-38a-

TABLE ill-17


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 14 8 3 25

M398MS9 3revm 18 7 4 1 12



M398NRM 3revm 12 3 1 2 4

NR98M3 12 032 010 Ol8 043

BAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 02

BKF 3ngm 18 01 0 01 01

BGP 3ngm 18 06 03 02 10

COR 3ngm 18 03 02 01 07

BZO 3ngm 18 05 03 02 09

ORG microgm 3 18 33 25 16 70

TSP 3microgm 18 77 29 35 124

No -3

so=4

BRF

microgm 3

microgm 3

3ngm

18

18

18

79

107

45

51

52

28

32

68

12

178

204

101

PBF 3ngm 18 229 193 85 599

BRFPBF 18 023 011 016 041

ZNF 3ngm 18 24 8 16 40

KF ngm3 18 143 123 64 386

FEF 3ngm 18 177 121 38 357

SIF ngm3 18 463 354 120 952

CLF 3ngm 18 235 133 61 449

NIF 3ngm 18 15 7 6 27

SF 3ngm 18 1883 741 846 2915

co ppm

NO pphm 9 31 11 24 43

NO2 pphm 15 26 14 15 49

03 pphm 15 18 11 01 27

so2 pphm 15 14 11 05 34

-38b-

TABLE m-18


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 29 13 10 44

M398MS9 3revm 18 13 6 4 21



M398NRM 3revm 12 5 2 3 7

NR98M3 12 034 018 015 058

BAP 3ngm 18 03 03 01 08

BKF 3ngm 18 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 18 14 09 05 26

COR 3ngm 18 09 04 05 15

BZO 3ngm 18 11 11 02 32

ORG 3microgm 17 39 28 15 84

TSP 3microgm 18 54 12 38 74

NO -3

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

73

61

53

28

14

31

47

50

25

126

89

108

PBF 3ngm 18 287 132 202 542

BRFPBF 18 018 008 013 034

ZNF 3ngm 18 20 9 9 31

KF 3ngm 18 137 102 76 339

FEF 3ngm 18 95 41 58 169

SIF 3ngm 18 209 95 134 387

CLF 3ngm 18 120 135 27 380

NIF 3ngm 18 3 2 2 6

SF 3ngm 18 1364 721 641 2614

co ppm 18 12 04 05 17

NO pphm 18 23 13 03 42

NO 2 pphm 18 31 09 20 45

03 pphm 18 19 09 03 28

so2 pphm 18 00 01 00 01

-38c-

TABLE ill- 19


1982-1984


M398PS9 3revm 18 23 9 ll 32

M398MS9 3revm 18 10 5 4 17



M398NRM 3revm 12 4 2 2 5

NR98M3 12 031 01 OlB 039

SAP 3ngm 18 02 01 01 03

SKF 3ngm 18 01 aa 01 02

BGP 3ngm 18 08 05 03 17

COR 3ngm 18 06 04 02 12

BZO 3ngm 18 07 06 01 14

ORG microgm3 18 33 25 15 68

TSP 3microgm 18 67 18 52 101

NO3

so=4

BRF

3microgm 3microgm

3ngm

18

18

18

84

70

42

50

13

37

45

54

22

182

86

117

PSF 3ngm 18 244 182 109 605

SRFPBF 18 017 006 013 027

ZNF 3ngm 18 30 7 20 37

KF 3ngm 18 162 132 86 429

FEF 3ngm 18 153 88 48 256

SIF 3ngm 18 337 197 150 610

CLF 3ngm 18 188 141 59 393

NIF 3ngm 18 5 2 3 9

SF 3ngm 18 1437 613 516 2145

co ppm 18 09 04 06 17

NO pphm 18 13 10 04 28

NO2 pphm 18 22 10 09 37

03 pphm 18 25 13 01 41

SO2 pphm 18 01 01 00 02

-38d-



periods of sampling



















sites

-39-

2





stations











sources of COR













-40-

TABLE ill- 20


AT RICHMOND


TA98+59 100 093 069 o75 087

TA98-S9 093 100 072 056 083

BAP 065 072 100 026 091

COR o75 056 026 100 055

BZO 087 083 091 055 100

PBF 057 036 002 081 030

BRF 080 072 042 080 063

KF 052 031 009 064 015

ZNF 031 020 -003 056 030

FEF 038 018 -009 064 017

SIF 053 027 007 071 030

CLF -029 -024 -011 -018 -023

NIF 029 016 -004 021 012

SF 071 084 072 023 073

NO3 070 069 058 037 069

co 066 050 023 087 044

NO 083 078 067 076 077

NO2 059 040 016 067 036

03 -038 -046 -067 000 -054

502 075 067 0 73 053 078



-40a-

TABLE ID-21


AT MARTINEZ


TA98+S9 100 093 029 -001 049

TA98-S9 093 100 033 016 046

BAP 029 033 100 071 083

COR -001 016 071 100 063

BZO 049 046 083 063 100

PBF 013 033 057 084 046

BRF 033 048 073 085 067

KF 018 035 056 079 047

ZNF 014 034 035 054 023

FEF -003 017 043 077 028

SIF -016 002 036 073 022

CLF -032 -026 -025 -001 -024

NIF 010 012 -023 -019 -034

SF 051 051 004 -003 019

NO~- 063 057 016 -001 047

co NO 055 049 083 052 074

N02 029 051 042 074 033

03 -047 -054 -049 -037 -062

so2

074 059 041 -002 052



tco not measured

-40b-

TABLE ID-22


AT CONCORD


TA98+59 100 096 034 031 046

TA98-S9 096 100 042 017 049

BAP 034 042 100 018 095

COR 0o3l 017 018 100 035

BZO 046 049 095 035 100

PBF -014 -026 -027 070 -015

BRF 009 -005 016 o79 028

KF 005 -009 013 074 020

ZNF -013 -017 -003 -004 005

FEF ooo -011 -036 060 -030

SIF -007 -017 -012 062 -011

CLF -002 001 055 -006 052

NIF -002 -014 019 o77 023

SF -001 -007 041 002 0o46

NO -3

057 055 071 037 082

co 056 053 004 050 015

NO 033 026 021 075 036

NO2 004 004 -026 050 -024

03 -009 -011 -040 -011 -039

502 038 040 040 -008 031



-40c-

TABLE m-23


AT PITTSBURG


TA98+59 100 092 068 063 071

TA98-S9 092 100 075 057 071

BAP 068 075 100 083 085

COR 063 057 083 100 085

BZO 071 071 085 085 100

PBF 046 041 064 082 055

BRF 056 055 073 087 069

KF 049 040 050 076 056

ZNF 020 031 041 038 035

FEF 036 041 041 049 017

SIF 017 018 001 013 -021

CLF -031 -016 -007 -021 -006

NIF 073 064 049 057 056

SF 029 032 025 018 031

NO3 056 061 028 020 053

co 0 71 o 71 072 078 066

NO 059 051 055 056 042

NO2 025 023 059 074 049

03 -033 -050 -039 -012 -046

502 -025 -026 -032 -026 -051



-40lt3-











receptor area






be made

Summary Statistics








in Episode IV

-41-

TABLE ill-24



M398PS9 revm3 4 7 4 3 11




M398NRM revm3

NR98M3

BAP ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BKF ngm3 4 01 0 01 01

BGP ngm3 4 04 01 02 05

COR ngm3 4 04 02 02 05

BZO ngm3 4 03 01 02 04

ORG microgm3 4 58 07 48 64

TSP microgm 3 4 37 11 24 52


PBF ngm3 4 148 58 85 202

BRFPBF 4 014 001 013 016

ZNF ngm3 4 24 12 9 37

KF ngm3 4 71 17 50 86

FEF ngm3 4 66 21 39 91

SIF ngm3 4 154 56 91 227

CLF ngm3 4 179 49 132 245

NIF ngm 3 4 6 8 2 18

SF ngm3 4 1671 316 1228 1955

co ppm 3 06 02 05 09

NO pphm 3 05 01 03 06

pphm 4 19 07 10 26NO2 03 pphm 4 25 02 22 27

pphm 4 02 02 00 05SOz

-41a-

TABLE ill- 25



M398PS9 3revm 4 24 7 16 32

M398MS9 3revm 4 10 2 8 13



M398NRM 3revm 4 4 l 3 5

NR98M3 4 043 010 036 058

SAP 3ngm 4 02 01 02 03

SKF ngm3 4 01 oo 01 01

SGP 3ngm 4 15 06 09 22

COR ngm3 4 11 03 07 15

SZO 3ngm 4 11 03 08 14

ORG microgm 3 4 74 07 68 84

TSP 3microgm 4 92 26 69 124

NO3 3microgm 4 85 14 75 106

so=4

SRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

67

95

11

27

58

56

79

117

PSF 3ngm 4 538 92 407 605

SRFPSF 4 017 003 013 020

ZNF ngm3 4 34 11 18 44

KF 3ngm 4 350 78 247 429

FEF ngm3 4 243 85 169 357

SIF 3ngm 4 512 221 387 843

CLF 3ngm 4 101 96 44 244

NIF 3ngm 4 12 5 6 17

SF ngm3 4 2025 713 1225 2773

co ppm 3 15 01 14 17

NO pphm 3 28 14 14 42

NO2 pphm 4 43 06 37 49

03 pphm 4 24 09 15 35

so2 pphm 4 03 04 00 09

-41b-

TABLE ID-26



M398PS9 revm3 4 13 6 7 19

M398MS9 3revm 4 6 2 4 9



M398NRM 3revm

NR98M3

BAP 3ngm 4 01 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 01

BGP 3ngm 4 07 02 05 09

COR 3ngm 4 06 01 05 07

BZO 3ngm 4 03 02 01 05

ORG microgm 3 4 17 02 15 20

TSP microgm 3 4 68 18 47 91

NO3 microgm 3 4 67 10 57 80

so -4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

71

43

14

9

53

32

83

53

PBF ngm3 4 254 16 236 274

BRFPBF 4 017 005 014 024

ZNF ngm3 4 31 26 9 68

KF 3ngm 4 132 41 76 171

FEF ngm3 4 192 81 101 277

SIF 3ngm 4 486 369 147 952

CLF ngm3 4 698 998 62 2173

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1040 254 746 1360

co ppm 3 10 04 06 13

NO pphm 3 11 06 04 14

NO2 pphm 3 28 02 25 30

03 pphm 3 32 07 28 41

SO2 pphm 3 01 01 00 02

-4ic-

TABLE ill- 27



M398PS9 revm 4 25 15 9 44

M398MS9 revm 4 12 7 4 21



M398NRM revm 4 2 1 2 3

NR98M3 4 030 026 015 069

BAP ngm 4 01 01 01 02

BKF ngm 4 01 00 01 01

BGP ngm 4 05 04 03 11

COR ngm 4 03 03 01 07

BZO ngm 4 03 03 01 07

ORG microgm3 3 16 01 15 17

TSP microgm 3 3 62 13 54 77

NO3- microgm3 3 57 01 57 58

so=4

microgm3 3 63 18 50 84

BRF ngm 4 23 11 9 32

PBF ngm 4 146 67 52 207

BRFPBF 4 016 002 014 018

ZNF ngm 4 18 9 9 28

KF ngm 4 94 29 55 124

FEF ngm 4 124 76 26 188

SIF ngm 4 292 203 56 487

CLF ngm 4 93 90 27 227

NIF ngm 4 10 12 2 27

SF ngm 4 1414 561 641 1902

co ppm 3 11 02 09 13

NO pphm 4 18 10 03 25

NO2 pphm 4 20 12 09 33

03 pphm 4 23 05 16 28

so2 pphm 4 04 06 oo 12

-41d-

TABLE ffi- 28




M398MS9 3revm 4 9 4 6 15




NR98M3 4 036 006 029 043

BAP 3ngm 4 02 00 01 02

BKF ngm3 4 01 00 01 02

BGP 3ngm 4 10 04 05 15

COR ngm3 4 06 03 03 09

BZO 3ngm 4 08 02 05 10

ORG microgm3 4 18 02 16 19


NO3 so -

4 BRF

3microgm

microgm 3

3ngm

4

4

4

65

92

41

14

32

11

47

54

28

77

130

52

PBF ngm3 4 218 79 137 310

BRFPBF 4 021 008 015 033

ZNF ngm3 4 23 5 16 27

KF ngm3 4 91 23 64 120

FEF ngm3 4 97 25 73 120

SIF 3ngm 4 162 46 112 202

CLF ngm 3 4 171 153 43 393

NIF 3ngm 4 6 4 2 12

SF ngm3 4 1097 536 516 1753

co ppm 3 13 05 07 17

NO pphm 4 22 08 11 30

NO2 pphm 4 26 06 22 35

03 pphm 4 26 01 24 27

so2 pphm 4 03 06 aa 11

-41e-

TABLE ill-29



M398PS9 revm3 4 33 8 25 43

M398MS9 3revm 4 16 3 12 19



M398NRM 3revm 4 5 l 4 7

NR98M3 4 033 001 032 035

BAP 3ngm 4 04 03 02 08

BKF ngm3 4 02 01 01 04

BGP 3ngm 4 15 09 06 26

COR 3ngm 4 07 03 03 11

BZO 3ngm 4 18 11 09 32

ORG microgm 3 4 22 09 16 35


NO3 3microgm 4 150 34 118 18l

so=4

BRF

microgm3 3ngm

4

4

150

52

73

18

85

31

222

67

PBF ngm3 4 150 49 108 202

BRFPBF 4 035 006 028 041

ZNF ngm3 4 23 6 17 31

KF 3ngm 4 114 22 94 145

FEF ngm3 4 47 8 38 58

SIF 3ngm 4 139 17 120 154

CLF ngm3 4 319 45 282 380

NIF 3ngm 4 5 l 3 6

SF ngm3 4 3537 1983 2145 6473

co ppm 3 12 02 10 13

NO pphm 4 27 15 07 43

NO2 pphm 4 19 03 15 23

03 pphm 4 02 01 01 04

so2 pphm 4 10 16 oo 34

-41pound-













prevailed













proportion




VI)

-42-

--- --- -------





should be limited
























-43-

TABLE III-30


0600 August 23-1800 August 24 1982


TA98+S9 100 090 000 052 033

TA98-S9 090 100 000 066 033

BAP 000 000 000 -aa 000

COR 052 066 000 100 059

BZO 032 033 000 059 100

PBF 097 088 000 056 040

BRF 087 082 000 059 068

KF 029 026 000 -041 -017

ZNF 083 061 000 018 004

FEF 032 003 000 -026 006

SIF 020 -003 000 -037 -010

CLF -032 -043 000 -049 003

NIF -026 -046 000 -049 -029

SF 029 006 000 -053 -038

NO -3 085 085 000 055 017

co 028 017 000 044 001

NO 037 017 OD 055 023

NO2 089 075 000 000 014

03 048 038 000 019 -013

so2 -014 -044 000 -056 -045




-43a-




TA98+S9 100 o71-H- 059 080 084

TA98-S9 071 100 078 053 068

BAP 059 078 100 071 082

COR 080 053 071 100 091

BZO 084 068 082 091 100

PBF 064 085 077 066 o73

BRF 067 084 084 073 080

KF 059 058 062 057 069

ZNF 050 070 037 031 040

FEF 039 075 057 027 043

SIF 013 032 028 015 023

CLF -032 005 -016 -039 -035

NIF -019 016 -024 -046 -040

SF -036 -007 -038 -061 -051

NO -3 050 025 010 020 026

co 082 086 081 080 092

NO 052 046 056 083 070

NO2 039 068 066 053 052

03 -007 -053 -056 -032 -033

so2 -022 -007 -005 -024 -013



-43b-

TABLE ID-32


1800 May 17-0600 May 19 1983


TA98+S9 100 098 -037 046 -024

TA98-S9 098 100 -033 049 -017

BAP -037 -033 100 021 072

COR 046 049 021 100 056

BZO -024 -017 072 056 100

PBF 044 047 028 081 067

BRF 006 004 028 066 058

KF -038 -032 041 004 047

ZNF -003 002 016 041 055

FEF -001 007 062 009 057

SIF -022 -018 070 -017 045

CLF -066 -073 -017 -033 -017

NIF -041 -030 049 010 079

SF -040 -033 070 003 068

NO -3 015 026 040 049 061

co -003 -006 000 070 063

NO 003 006 000 083 070

NO2 040 045 000 073 078

03 019 025 000 -018 -011

so2 034 038 000 020 043



-43c-

TABLE ill-33



TA98+59 10 097 061 068 070

TA98-S9 097 100 062 065 074

BAP 061 062 100 086 089

COR 068 065 086 100 080

BZO 070 074 089 BO 100

PBF 068 070 063 041 063

BRF 051 056 048 026 0-52

KF 040 048 006 001 006

ZNF 028 029 -021 -031 -024

FEF 037 041 -006 -019 -002

SIF 025 029 -019 -033 -017

CLF -031 -025 021 -015 -009

NIF -012 -009 -039 -053 -010

SF -054 -048 -056 -0 70 -049

NO -3 033 038 -015 003 014

co 052 054 035 058 045

NO 047 039 000 006 009

NO2 057 060 058 047 082

03 010 013 -045 -030 -035

502 002 006 -029 -042 -002



-43d-

TABLE ill- 34



TA98+S9 100 096-H- 062 079-H- 083-H-

TA98-S9 096-H- 100 051 064 070

BAP 062 051 100 061 062

COR 079 064 061 100 094

BZO 083-H- 070 062 094-ll- 100

PBF 050 041 030 062 066

BRF 027 018 025 OSi 056

KF 013 003 016 050 048

ZNF 061 055 021 065 081

FEF -002 -004 006 003 024

SIF -004 -002 009 -002 022

CLF -050 -039 -031 -045 -047

NIF -025 -029 013 -014 004

SF 014 003 009 053 040

NO -3 029 030 -007 005 014

co 081 070 051 083 071

NO 061 054 024 057 065

NO2 o79-H- 081 068 045 054

03 004 006 -040 011 012

so2 -051 -049 -023 -053 -043



-43e-

TABLE ill- 35




TA98+S9 100 091 031 085 048

TA98-S9 091-lE- 100 039 081-lE- 050

BAP 031 039 100 D54 096

COR 085-lE- 081 054 100 067

BZO 048 050 096 067 100

PBF 053 040 018 060 025

BRF 036 024 031 046 033

KF 010 -003 022 015 020

ZNF -031 -026 -023 -026 -030

FEF 027 013 -010 026 001

SIF -003 -005 004 003 -001

CLF -034 -048 027 -017 018

NIF -006 -010 -027 -041 -024

SF 004 -000 -006 005 -004

NO -3 -014 -007 -040 -056 -040

co 044 051 021 060 024

NO 003 -001 027 008 020

NO2 040 029 052 050 057

03 053 051 -013 045 001

so2 -032 038 -029 -058 -041



-43pound-

D Conclusions






-









by HNO3







with NO3










-44-










-45-

CHAPTER IV




A Introduction





















I-2)




-46-










Costa County (618)


















-47-







decribed (18)


















= at



fossil fuels is so2




=

Seasonal Variations



-48-

I

TABLE IV-1



Station


TA98P 3revm 15 11 (7) 11 (7) 10 (7)

TA98M 3revm 15 6 (3) 6 (3) 6 (4)

TA98NRP 3revm 15 5 (3) 6 (3) 5 (3)

TA98NRM 3revm 15 3 (2) 2 (1) 2 (1)

TA98NRMTA98M 15 042 (022) 040 (030) 043 (034)

SAP 3ngm 15 03 (03) 06 (08) 02 (02)

SKF 3 ng 1m 15 02 (02) 03 (03) 02 (02)

SGP 3ngm 15 15 (13) 21 (21) 11 (10)

COR 3

ngm 15 10 (09) 12 (12) 07 (06)

BZO 3ngm 15 05 (06) 11 (15) 06 (08)

ORG 3microgm 15 37 (15) 51 (39) 34 (16)

MASS (TSP) 3microgm 15 57 (9) 51 (15) 64 (13)


NO -3

3microgm 14 48 (24) 60 (25) 66 (29)

so -4

3microgm 14 74 (17) 52 (13) 66 (15)



-48a-

TABLE IV-2



Station


Mean SD March-June

Mean so July-Oct

Mean SD

- I

TA98P

TA98M

TA98NRP

TA98NRM

TA98NRMTA98M

BAP

SKF

BGP

COR

BZO

ORG

MASS (TSP)

LEAD (Hi Vol)

N03

so=4

3revm

3revm

3revm

3revm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3ngm

3microgm

3microgm

microgm 3

microgm3

3microgm

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

14

7

8

3

053

09

05

35

18

19

69

64

042

86

68

(8)

(4)

(2)

(1)

(033)

(06)

(02)

(15)

(10)

(11)

(25)

(13)

(015)

(22)

(22)

8

5

3

2

039

01

01

06

05

01

24

50

019

36

57

(6)

(3)

(2)

(1)

(027)

(002)

(004)

(03)

(03)

(01)

(09)

(10)

(004)

(08)

(11)

11

5

5

2

033

01

01

07

05)

02

28

58

022

50

68

(5)

(2)

(2)

(1)

(014)

(003)

(003)

(02)

(03)

(01)

(10)

(13)

(10)

(12)

(13)



-48b-


4 -














studies

















-49-






Trends








=















-50-


CI)

~

LI I ()

0 Pl J I

D lt w _J

1 0

09

08

01

o 6

o 5

o 4

o 3

02

o 1

o 0

lt I I-


COMPOSITE PERIOD



12 0

Figure IV-2

10 0

cw 8 0

~

L) I )

Ul 0 tr I w 6 0

I-lta I-1--4

z 4 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


oven

1-f

lt I

N

Q) --0 rO

-shy rO gt rO

+J 0 z


90 __


80

70

60 CI)

~

~ ~ so w~~~~~~~ W~4w I~ U1 40 ()

lt ~

30

20

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

ro micro 0 z


120r-------------------------


1--lt


Cl) 8 0 E

- I J ltu-- I

0 p


QJ --0 ro --



COMPOSITE PERIOD


120-------------------------

10 0

Cl)

~ 80

L)

I l5 0

middot~(1)

601 ~ I


~ ~ I fU1 u z lt L) Ck 4 0 0

2 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


5 0





CL 3 0 lt

I CDu- _0 Hi w lt

II 2 5 0)z w 0 gt- 2 0 CL lt -J 1 50

z w CD

N

ldegr o 5 -



COMPOSITE PERIOD

~

L) z

I l5l 0

LO I w z

w z a a u


50 I



35

3 0 I--lt

lt I

---J2 5

2 0

15

10



COMPOSITE PERIOD

05


50 _______________________


4 5




3 0 I D u 0) lt 1 0

~ I CXlw 25

z D n J 2 0 1-z lt 1 5 N z w 0)

1 0

o 5



COMPOSITE PERIOD



m E -


were

gt w 10 0 ~

I lJ1 0 I-middot I

-_ 0) U)

I--lt

lt I

lD

I CD 01 lt I- lt I-

50

J ~


r lt r lt pound

JUL L r pound

NOV lt L r -lt




NOV MAR L lt r lt

JUL lt lt

NOV 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84

COMPOSITE PERIOD


300-------------------------

25 0


m ~



gt w 200 0

I 1--1 Ul 0 u

I

r- 0) () 15 0

lt I

0

+ CD 0) lt I- lt 10 0 I-J E

5 0



COMPOSITE PERIOD


250 cq

gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=5 a=-79199920 s=2885 1608I gt-


f--w A D MUTAC-S9)


A A A e_11=2 7078 r=0 7944

~ 50

00a--bull----------------------------------1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




gt E MUTAC+S9)


n=S a=-7781 7600 a=1492 4784middot I-lt


l

I (J) 150z

LlJ D MUTAC-S9)


LlJ n=5 lt ~ a=-38422800 e=981 2984

b=l9410 e11=0 4951I-) e_=1 5657 r-=09147E

-

5 0


1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR




(lJ

gt e MUTA(+S9)


n=5 1---ia=-39846460 e=1541 0467I gt-




bull

bull bull



00-------------------------------------

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

bullbull


1 0


~



MAR-JUN

I V1 0

~

00 0) lt f--~ z 00 0) ltf-

o 9

o 8

07

o 6 r-

o 5

o 4

o 3

o 2

o 1

o 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

YEAR

lt I

--- ~

TABLE IV-3





Pittsburg 36 (22) 52 (35) 101 (49) 114 (34) 195 (93)

Richmond 66 (50) 114 (84) 69 (41) 136 (20) 187 (82)

Concord 45 (31) 81 (60) 97 (64) 145 (34) 188 (140)

3-Station Average 49 (34) 82 (61) 89 (48) 131 (29) 190 (65)


TABLE IV-4










-Sop-

TABLE IV-5



TA98 + 59 Versus


bull Pittsburg

bull Richmond

092

069

38

26

36

7

0009

008

bull Concord 098 35 134 0001






093 33 41 0008

-50q-






= 3























-51-































-52-


































-53-













D Conclusions




Pb NO3




measured








mutageni city

-54-





conditions









-55-

REFERENCES



351-359








Res 76143-164






Office








12233-232

-56-





Res 31 347-364






755






1984











-57-



























-58-



172565-2573



027a














Sci (USA) 72979-983







Res 114217-267

-59-










Mut 4531-541








Environ (in press)



Environ 18205-213







-60-



Toxicol 32 688-692





-61-

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

APPENDIX IV

APPENDIX V



(1982-1984)






Nov 1979-0ct 1984



-62-

APPENDIX I



DATE 82382


0300 285

0400 285

0500 285

0600 270

0700 270

0800 285

0900 285

1000 285

1100 285

1200 285

1300 300

1400 270

1500 270

1600 270

1700 270

1800 270

1900 255

2000 255

2100 285

2200 285

2300 270

2400 255

12

11

10

8

7

10

12

14

12

12

12

12

12

12

10

9

8

7

6

8

9

9

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400


82482

DRCTN SPEED(m[h)

255 9

240 7

240 8

240 8

240 7

240 8

240 7

255 7

270 11

270 13

270 14

285 13

285 13

285 12

270 11

255 10

255 9

270 10

270 9

240 7

210 3

270 6

240 2

60 1


DATE 101282 101382 101482


0100 195 2 0100 225 2

0200 195 2 0200 225 2

0300 240 3 0300 270 4

0400 255 3 0400 270 4

0500 240 3 0500 285 4

0600 VRBL 1 0600 285 6

0700 VRBL 1 0700 285 8

0800 VRBL 1 0800 285 9

0900 VRBL 1 0900 285 10

1000 60 5 1000 285 10

1100 45 6 1100 285 10

1200 30 4 1200 285 10

1300 30 6 1300 285 9

1400 30 8

1500 30 10 1500 45 5

1600 45 8 1600 45 3

1700 45 6 1700 345 2

1800 60 2 1800 255 1

1900 VRBL 1 1900 225 3

2000 210 1 2000 270 3

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 285 3

2300 210 1 2300 255 3

2400 VRBL 1 2400 240 1


DATE 51783 51883 51983


0100 255 4 0100 VRBL 1

0200 255 4 02JO 210 1

0300 255 3 0300 150 1

0400 240 2 0400 195 2

0500 195 1 0500 VRBL 1

0600 VRBL 1 0600 210 2

0700 240 2 0700 VRBl 1

0800 240 3 0800 VRBL 1

0900 270 5 0900 VRBL 1

1000 300 5 1000 VRBL 2

1100 300 4 1100 030 8

1200 315 5 1200 030 9

1300 300 3 1300 030 10

1400 300 5 1400 030 10

1500 300 5 1500 030 8

1600 360 5 1600 300 6 1600 030 6

1700 300 7 1700 300 6 1700 030 6

1800 285 8 1800 285 4 1800 330 2

1900 285 7 1900 285 5 1900 300 5

2000 270 3 2000 285 6 2000 285 6

2100 VRBL 1 2100 270 6 2100 285 6

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 5 2200 225 3

2300 VRBL 1 2300 270 3 2300 210 1

2400 255 4 2400 VRBL 1 2400 VRBL 1


DATE 91283 91383 91483


0100 240 2 0100 270 5

0200 VRBL 1 0200 270 6

0300 VRBL ltl 0300 270 6

0400 255 1 0400 270 5

0500 270 2 0500 270 7

0600 VRBL 1 0600 270 7

0700 VRBL ltl 0700 270 7

0800 300 3 0800 270 7

0900 285 7

1000 285 8

1100 300 9

1200 300 9

1300 300 10

1400 300 10

1500 285 10

1600 285 9

1700 360 4 1700 270 9

1800 360 4 1800 270 9

1900 300 3 1900 8285

2000 VRBL 1 2000 270 8

2100 300 2 2100 270 8

2200 300 4 2200 285 4

2300 285 4 2300 270 3

2400 300 2 2400 270 7


DATE 10483 10583 10683


0100 VRBL 1 0100 255 7

0200 225 2 0200 240 8

0300 150 2 0300 240 5

0400 195 2 0400 255 5

0500 255 1 0500 255 6

0600 240 2 0600 210 2

0700 210 1 0700 255 5

0800 240 3 0800 270 7

0900 300 4 0900 240 5

1000 300 5 1000 315 5

1100 270 9 1100 315 4

1200 270 9 1200 315 3

1300 240 10 1300 345 4

1400 240 8 1400 360 3

1500 240 7 1500 360 4

1600 225 8 1600 345 3

1700 285 5 1700 225 9

1800 270 2 1800 240 5

1900 270 5 1900 225 8

2000 270 6 2000 255 8

2100 270 3 2100 255 4

2200 VRBL 1 2200 270 7

2300 MISSING 2300 270 7

2400 MISSING 2400 255 7


DATE 1484 1584 1684


0100 060 6 0100 045 7

0200 060 7 0200 045 8

0300 060 5 0300 045 8

0400 060 6 0400 045 8

0500 045 6 0500 045 8

0600 045 6 0700 060 7

0700 045 middot 6 0800 045 6

0800 045 6

0900 045 5

1000 045 6

1100 060 6

1200 045 7

1300 045 6

1400 060 7

1500 030 6

1600 015 5

1700 015 4 1700 030 6

1800 015 4 1800 030 5

1900 015 4 1900 030 6

2000 030 4 2000 030 5

2100 030 5 2100 045 6

2200 030 5 2200 045 7

2300 030 6 2300 045 5

2400 030 6 2400 045 6














Oct 1982 T 12 96 27 15 76 84 86 265 288 265 LVI 12 18 9 W 13 10 9 23 17 76 87 88 265 270 275 LVI

Th 14 151 23 1 7 62 74 75 202 222 215 WI NWI 12 15 9

May 1983 T 17 78 32 31 82 88 86 460 516 500 NI W2 15 13 6 W 18 12 1 29 34 76 87 90 433 492 485 SEI NWI 14 15 8

TH 19 66 30 34 88 92 90 469 528 490 LVI NES 10 8 2


Oct 1983 w 5 83 49 30 74 78 86 282 351 306 SI W3 10 15 15

TH 6 94 28 22 78 80 82 274 336 227 NW2 Wl 6 13 13

Jan 1984 w 4 79 81 1 0 58 54 62 141 144 125 EI NE2 8 11 9

TH 5 82 67 1 4 54 51 57 142 72 110 NEI SE2 14 15 10 F 6 80 76 1 0 54 49 56 160 81 85 EI NW2 19 20 14




TA98P 72 1984166665 12 01082550 1428 5999988 0 60000000 58 39999998

TA9BM 72 9 14166666 5 67484565 658 1999995 o 40000000 26 79999995 -~--~bull~----- ---------- -~- --------

13AP 72 020000000 0 24321786 14 4000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

COR 72 0 58055556 0 39B81475 418000000 0 10000000 1 60000000

130 72 0 75000000 0 85B26553 540000000 o 10000000 5 10000000 1middot

PI3F 72 239 69152778 177 68068817 17257 7900000 17 00000000 950 00000000 I

13RF 72 44 50416667 34 50425341 3204 3000000 600000000 18400000000


ZNF 72 24 71250000 1920486248 17793000000 300000000 123 00000000 I FEF 72 12533472222 101 30239095 9024 1000000 1200000000 45000000000


CLF 72 288 53888889 527 75181308 207748000000 12 00000000 305000000000

NIF 72 7 79722222 883981027 561 4000000 200000000 4800000000

SF 72 1794 80000000 1319 22627505 1292256000000 442 00000000 7640 00000000 -- -----

N03 71 7 59577465 4 67578676 5392999998 3 00000000 24 50000000

co 54 1 09999985 0 46702578 59 3999917 0 19999999 2 79999924

NO 63 1 79047593 1 46702605 112 7999833 0 6 39999962 1 N02 69 2 59420248 1 27543350 178 9999712 o 09999996 629999924 I~

~ 03 69 l 99565192 1 45535861 137 6999827 0 5 89999962

802 69 0 36811586 0 75078232 25 3999946 0 4 29999924 I middotbull

1 I1 r-






BRF ---- ---------


ZNF FEF SIF


CLF NIF I a

I J1

TA98P 1 00000 0 0000

72

094186 0 0)01

72

0 45133 0 0001

72

0 54114 0 0001

72

060456 0 0001

72

0 27814 00180

72

039989 0 0005

72

0 26186 00263

middot 72

0 11718 03270

middot- 72

008699 0 4675

72

-001756 -026919 -009966 08836 00222 o 4049


ibull 16

I middotbull

TA98M 0 94186 l 00000 0 48788 043885 0 59108 0 24562 037749 021840 0 12304 o 12537 001425 -022215 -007457 11

0 0001 0 0000 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00376 00011 00653 0 3032 02940 09054 00607 0 5336 1-i

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 1


0 0001 0 0001 0 0000 0 0011 o 0001 0 5144 00099 0 1959 09493 0 5435 0 5636 09072 03282 I B

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 19

(

COR 0 54114 0 0001

72

0 43885 0 0001

72

037608 0 0011

72

1 00000 00000

72middotmiddot

0 55756 0 70548 073679 0 5B534 0 26894 0 0001 00001 00001 00001 00224


028486 00153

72

0 13409 -o 14507 -020329 02615 02240 0 0868


jI

i bullmiddot

BO 0 60456 0 59108 092099 0 55756 1 00000 0 19453 0431366 0 25566 008036 -005102 -008937 -0 05174 -o 11664 I~ Fgt

1n fl

Imiddotmiddotbull I

fBF

0 0001 72

0 27814 00180

72

0 0001 72

o 2462 00376

72

0 0001 72

o oeHt 0 5144

72

00001 00000 0 1015 00001 0 0302 middot 0 5022 middot 06704 0 4553 0 6660 03292 1-9

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 I o


If

middot BRF 0 39989

0 0005 72

0 37749 0 0011

72

030205 0 0)99

72

0 73679 0 0001

72-

043866 o 0001

72

0 90353 0 0001

72

1 0IJ000 0 82557 0 42057 00000 00001 0 0002

12-- -- 72--middot- 72

060402 0 0001

72

0 40616 -0 01936 0 14256 00004 08718 02322


Hbull

1 middot-middot i

~bull

KF 0 26186 021840 0 15420 0 58534 025566 083143 082557 1 00000 0 43057 o 69375 0 56748 000848 020696 00263 00653 0 1959 00001 00302 00001 00001 00000 00002 00001 0 0001 09437 00811

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

ZNF 011718 0 3270

72

0 12304 -0 00763 0 3032 09493

72 72

0 26894 0 0224

72


72

0 49237 0 0001

72

0middot42557-00002

72


72 72

0 51 986 0 0001

72

03036B 00095

72

middotO 07131--0 5516

72

030021 0 0104

72

middot-- ---f

- i

FEF 0 08699 0 12537 -007278 0 28486 -005102 0 73638 060402 069375 0 51986 1 00000 0 87518 -0 13744 044345 0 4675 0 2940 0 5435 00153 0 6704 00001 00001 0 0001 0 0001 00000 00001 0 2496 00001

I


SIF -001756 001425 -006918 0 13409 -008937 0 52051 0 40616 0 56748 03036B 0 87518 1 00000 -o 10739 0 37160 0 8836 0 9054 0 5636 02615 0 4553 0 0001 00004 00001 00095 0 0001 00000 0 3692 00013

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 i 103


0 0222 0 0607 09072 02240 06660 02149 08718 0 9437 0 5516 0 2496 03692 00000 0 4785 middotbull~

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

NIF -o 09966 0 4049

72

-o 07457 0 5336

72

-0 11687 0 3282

72

-o 20329 0 0868

72

-o 11664 03292

72

0 18383 0 1222

72

0 14256 02322

72

0 20696 0 0811

72

0 30021 0 0104

72

0 44345 0 0001

72

0 37160 -0 08486 0 0013 0 4785

72 72

1 00000 00000

72middot middot ---

11

-middot ~

middotc




SF 0 21728 0 23319 0 27653 0 03011 0 36289 0 03302 0 24073 0 14947 0 14618 -0 07158 -0 03584 -o 03273 0 21207 li 0 0667 0 0487 0 0187 0 8017 0 0017 0 7830 0 0417 02101 02205 0 5502 0 7650 0 7849 0 0737 bull

12 12 12 12- 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 I middot --j

ND3 0 49496 0 51066 0 32107 0 14935 0 47658 -0 03134 0 16413 0 16149 0 22443 -0 08395 -0 07644 -0 01536 0 04641

00001 71

00001 71

00063 71

02138 71

00001 71

07953 71

01714 71

01785 71

00599 71

04864 71

05264 71

08989 71

07007 71

1t Ii

CQ 0 54527 0 0001

0 51478 0 0001

0 22569 0 1008

0 71090 0 0001

0 36294 o 0070

0 63471 0 0001


0 33739 - 0 0126

0 40650 0 0023

0 20033 0 1464

-0 05903 0 6716-

0 25321 0 0647 middot- -middot -

I

-1 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54

gt ND 0 51037 0 44927 033604 049429 044249 0 48813 064595 0 37869 0 12802 027377 0 19516 -0 15416 0 14321 middot11

0 0001 0 0002 0 0071 00001 00003 00001 0 0001 0 0022 03174 0 0299 0 1253 0 2277 0 2628 bull


ND2 0 32113 031262 0 10563 060602 0 17894 082420 069757 0 60710 043082 063826 047300 -0 12231 024964 i~ 0 0071

69 0 0089

69 0 3877

69 0 0001

69 0 1413

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 -0 0002

69 0 0001

69 0 0001

69 0 3167

69 0 0386

69

- 1 t J

I 03 -0 27144 -0 35349 -0 40103 -O 1~963 -0 43105 -0 00401 -0 21271 0 04710 0 11161 0 18520 0 1901 -0 05802 0 07773 11


802 0 04063 0 05412 -o 02478 -0 27496 -0 02399 -o 08152 0 06775 0 01647 0 04868 0 06690 0 12398 -0 03378- 0 33455 ---1 0 7403

69 0 6587

69 0 8398

69 0 0222

69 o 8449

69 0 5055

69 0 5802

69 0 8932

69 0 6912

69 0 5850

69 0 3101

69 0 7B29 0 0050 fi


SF N03 CO ND N02 03 S02

TA98P 0 21728 049496 0 54527 0 51037 032113 -027144 004063 0 0667

72 0 0001

71 0 0001

54 0 0001

63 0 0071

69 0 0241

69 0 7403

- 69-- -------- - - - - ---1

llltI--- - -- _lI


00487 00001 00001 00002 00089 00029 ~6587 -~ 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 I

3AP 0 27653

o 0101 0 32107

o 0063 0 22569

o 1000 0 33604 -

o 0011 010563 -0 40103 -0 02478-


1I 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 j

COR 0 03011 0 14935 0 71090 0 49429 0 60602 -0 12963 -0 27496 I- 1


BO O 36289 0 47658 0 36294 0 44249 0 17894 -0 43105 -0 02399 bullf1~1

0 0017 0 0001 0 0070 0 0003 0 1413 0 0002 0 8449 middot~ 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 i

bull

P3F O 03302 0 7830

-0 03134 0 7953

0 63471 00001

0 48813 0 0001

082420 0 0001

-0 00401 0 9739

-009152 0 5055

- ~1bull

- 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 c I

bull bull



SF N03 co NO N02 03 S02

BRF 024073 o 16413 0 66256 06495 069757 -021271 006770 00417 0 1714 0 0001 0 0001 00001 00793 0 5902


bull

bull bullQ

KF 0 14947 0 16149 0 49970 037669 060710 0 04710 001647 Ij1102101 0 1785 00001 00022 00001 0 7007 08932 72 71 54 63 69 69 69

I ZNF 0 14618 o 22443 033739 o 12802 043082 0 11161 0 04868


72 71 54 63 69 69 69 ill

~middot ibull

FEF -o 011e -o 0039 040600 0 27377 063826 0 1020 o 0660 0 5502 04864 0 0023 00299 0 0001 0 1276 0 5850


zSIF -o 03584 -o 07644 020033 0 1916 047300 0 19001 0 12398 0 7650 0 5264 0 1464 0 1253 00001 0 1083 03101 1



lbull

3 72 71 54 63 69 69 69

I

NIF

SF

0 21207 0 0737

72

1 00000

0 04641 0 7007

71

0 46209

0 25321 0 0647

54

009243

0 14321 024964 0 07773 02628 00386 0 5255

63 69 69

0 12183 -002183 -026197

0 3345 0 0050

69


13

1 i4 I 4

00000 0 0001 0 5062 03415 08587 0 0297 00122 72 71 54 63 69 69 69 i~


middot1-J

71 71 53 62 68 68 68 15middot

co 0 09243 0 22485 100000 0 67991 0 55757 -o 07620 0 12504

0 5062 54

o 1055 53

00000 54

00001 54

00001 54

0 5839 54

o 3676 54

51r ND 0 12183

03415 0 16421

02022 0 67991

o 0001 1 00000 00000

041523 00007

-o 27091 00317

037215 00027

5bull i

63 62 54 63 63 63 63 1111

jfJ

N02 -0 02183 o 8587

-0 03172 o 7973 middot

0 55757 00001

041523 0 0007

100000 00000

-o 08986 04628


I61 timiddot

69 68 54 63 69 69 69 101 on

03 -o 26197 -029535 -0 07620 -o 27091 -008986 100000 -o 18398 0 0297 0 0145 0 5939 00317 04628 00000 0 1302

69 68 54 63 69 69 69 7

imiddot



SF N03 ca NO N02 03 802

802 0 30023 0 0122

69

0 38607 0 0011

68

0 12504 0 3676

54

0 37215 00027

63

-002262 08536

69

-o 18398 0 1302

69

t 00000 00000

69

I - --- - i1

I I middot(1

1middotmiddot 1


(I

12 ~-- -- --- --------

I

M

IS

1(

I 11


I(

-1 bullbull~

middot n ~-I

l1

1middotbull

1 1f4

_-1~ f

~

_

fI



bull middot-- _4

TA98P 28 2202499999 1365803589 61669999959 440000000 5839999998


BAP 28 0 16785714 0 09449112 4 70000000 o 10000000 0 40000000 1~ I

COR 28 0 70357143 041229452 1969999999 0 10000000 1 60000000 I


PBF 28 2562607143 14883820421 7174 33000000 49 oooooooo 63800000000


louZNF 28 31 75714286 22 74413931 88920000000 900000000 12300000000 -middot - - --


31M

CLF 28 17468928571 261 58089088 489130000000 19 00000000 1450 00000000 13n

- 1_-

NIF 28 8 08928571 9 72973066 226 50000000 200000000 48 00000000 I )bullI


co 21 1 21428562 0 39406297 2549999797 o 59999996 209999943

- l-~n I

NO 24 204166641 1 45659409 middot------- - 48 ~19392 - 0 50000000 - - 6-59999962-4

jbulll

IN02 27 2 58148094 105138633 6969998550 1 19999981 5 29999924 ilt

5103 27 2 88888863 1 38933659 7799999291 0 589999962


I I I~


I

-~-~----middot-i1

r


TA98P

TA98P

1 00000



094822 0 52984 0 50242 064686 0 19471


BRF KF WF FEF SIF

037528 0 24386 -0 14260 -0 11611 -0 11611

CLF

-o 19705

NIF

-o 32613


g~

middot-

(I l - 1~bullbull


TA98M

28

0 94822 00001

28

1 00000 0 0000

28

0 57477 00014

28

0 37739 0 0477

28

0 59157 0 0009

28

0 06759 0 7326

213

029613 0 1260

28

0 09965 0 6139

28

-o 19311 0 3248

28

-o 18015 0 3590

28 28 28

-0 16029 -0 12647 -0 39751 0 4152 0 5213 00416

(I

I

[ 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Ibullbull


0 0037 0 57477

0 0014 1 00000 00000

0 50692 0 0059

0 76753 0 0001

0 27670 0 1540

0 58768 0 0010

o 39484 00376

-o 18851 0 3367

0 04107 0 8356

o 14089 0 4745

-008588 06639

-o 19215 0 3273

~ I l

I

28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 2B 28 28 28 middot~r 2

COR 0 50242 00064

037739 00477

0 50692 1 00000 00059- 00000

0 76463 o 0001

0 69824 00001

0 74394 0 0001 middot


0 15353 -001544 -0 32877 0 4354-- - 0 989--middot 0 0870-- ---

2

i 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

BO 0 64686 0 59157 0 76753 0 76463 1 00000 0 45571 07071 0 48410--0-00991 002665 0 04835middot-0051127--02460 2

00002 0 0009 0 0001 0 0001 00000 00148 0 0001 0 0090 0 9601 0 8929 08070 0 7800 0 2069 3




28 28 ~


28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 - middot- 3

BRF 037528 0 0491

029613 0 1260

0 58768 0middot0010

0 74394 0 0001

0 71071 o 0001

0 86841 0 0001

1 00000 00000

0 86164 00001

0 18923 03348

0 48266 - 0 0093

0 42752 0 08228 middot 0 0232- --0 0772

-0 11217 --0middot 5o99----- -middot--

bull 28 28 28 213 28 28 28 28 28 28 2B 28 28


0 2111 0 6139 0 0376 0 0001 0 0090 0 0001 00001 00000 o 2640 0 0001 00014 0 8295 08041 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

--- ---


0 4691 0 3248 0 3367 0 4410 09601 0 0537 03348 02640 00000 0 0370 0 5670 0 0001 02457 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

r I

FEF -0 11611 0 5563

28

-0 18015 0 3590

28

004107 0 18926 08356 0 3348

28 28

002665 08929

28

064672 00002

28

0 48266 00093

28

0 66486 0 0001-

28

0 39592 0 0370

28

1 00000 - - 0 0000

28

0 91240 0 19875 0 33503 o 0001 - o-a106- ----ooa14---middot

28 28 28

------middot----- r

51

sbull

SIF -o 11611 0 5563

-0 16029 0 4152

0 14089 0 4745

0 15353 0 4354

004835 08070

0 55523 0 0022

0 42752 00232

0 57331 0 0014

0 11300 0 5670

091240 0 0001

1 00000 0 0000

-o 10137 0 6078

0 24003 02186

I

1 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28


0 3149 -0 12647

0 5213 -o 08588

06639 -001544

0 9379 -005527

0 7800 005644

0 7754 0 08228

0 6772 0 04263

08295 0 76033

0 0001 0 19875

0 3106 -o 10137

06078 1 00000

0 0000 0 15942

o 4110 1

I 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 fbull

NIF -o 32613 0 0903

-0 38751 0 0416

-0 19215 03273

-0 32877 0 0876

-024607 o 2069

-0 05948 0 7637

-0 11217 0 5699

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39 39 39 -- -- 39 39 39 -- middot39 - 39 - 39 -- 39- ---- - 39 --- - 39 -- - ---39---~~-t

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middot SF 0 28894 0 31765 0 24930 0 18004 0 30830 0 16776 0 21522 0 16711 0 63384 -0 12749 -0 23080 -0 17360 0 21072 0 2449 0 1990 0 3185 0 4747 0 2132 0 5058 0 3911 0 5075 00047 06142 03568 0 4909 0 4013

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-- middot~- ------ -----~-~F N03 co NO N02 03 802

TA98P 0 28894 0 55567 0 70534 0 58992 025001 -o 33221 -025143 0 2449 00167 0 0011 00100 03170 0 1780 03142


TA98M 031765 061048 0 70511 0 50579 022673 -049548 -025953 1 0 1990 0 0071 0 0011 00322 0 3656 00365 02983


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co 0 37823 0 24259 1 00000 0 71631 0 54136 -0 14710 0 1217 03321 00000 00008 00203 0 5602

NO 007208 -0 18670 0 71631 1 00000 034371 0 02900 0 7762 0 4582 00008 0 0000 0 1626 09091

ND2 0 06238 -0 14874 0 54136 0 34371 1 00000 -0 07769 0 8058 0 5558 00203 0 1626 0 0000 0 7593


03 -o 31989 -045076 -o 14710 002900 -007769 1 00000 o 1956 00605 o 5602 0 9091 o 7593 0 0000


802

001000 09686


-0 36811 0 1328

o 010s 0 9418

- - -- ~middot-----

0 04331 0 8645 middot

-o 12657 06167



middot- 802 001000 -o 36811 001855 0 04331 -0 12657 0 50537 1 00000 0 9686 0 1328 0 9418 0 8645 06167 0 0324 0 00001bullI



VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

middotmiddot MEAN

15 53333332

STD DEV

1160724924


279 59999980


1 70000000

f1Aft

3800000000

2

3

4

0

7

TAJBM

BAP

16

18

0 2222222

0 18888889

470526100

0 17111705

124 -99P5

3 40000000


o 10000000


JI0 70000000 12

COR 18 060555556 038267206 1089999999 o 10000000 1 60000000


PBF 18 191 83333333 142 44844269 345300000000 4900000000 57600000000


u

ZNF 18 23 16666667 2935432627 41700000000 3 00000000 123 00000000 I 2E

FEF 18 77 33333333 76 15309657 139200000000 1200000000 29000000000 12


3~ ~l~ 3gt

CLF 18 55633333333 921 65918162 1001400000000 1200000000 NIF 18 633333333 5 58358940 114 00000000 2 00000000 2000000000


N03 17 720588235 409946194 122 49999993 350000000 1629999995

co 18 1 15555547 036817857 20 79999846 o 50000000 209999943


N02 18 2 21111060 1 12453320 39 79999083 069999999 5 29999924 gt


((

01

6


6 omiddot 6(


6 7(

7

7 middot-----7

7 7(




18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

TA98M 0 92786 l 00000 0 72027 0 55831 0 82658 0 36347 0 72067 0 30814 0 19909 0 183B1 0 27021 -o 24485 0 16441 00001 0 0000 0 0007 0 0160 00001 0 1382 0 0007 02135 0 4284 o 4653 02782 03275 0 5145

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 middot~ _ ~

IMP 0 694~9 0 72027 100000 026151 0 90959 0 02019 0 41595 0 08606 -003357 -0 09269 o 06630 -o 11526 -o 03899 0 0014 00007 0 0000 0 2945 o 0001 09366 00860 0 7342 08948 0 7145 0 7938 06488 0 0779

18 18 18 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

COR 0 74542 0 55831 026151 l 00000 0 55119 080568 0 79948 0 64018 0 55552 0 63819 0 71161 -0 17908 020556 0 0004 00160 0 29-45 -- 0 0000 0 0177 00001 00001 0 0042-- 00167 0 0044 - 0-0009-middot 0-4771 ---0 4132----~

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

BO 087202 082658 0 90959 0 55119 1 00000 030154 0 63241 0 29046 0 14882 0 16657 0 29835 -o 22686 middot 0 12310 --i 0 0001 0 0001 0 0001 0 0177 0 0000 0 240 00049 02423 0 5556 0 5089 02292 03653 0 6265


0 0127 0 1382 0 9366 0 0001 o 2240 0 0000 00001 0 0001 00010 0 0001 00001 0 6660 0 0110 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

KF 0 51850 0 30814 008606 064018 029046 0 87240 0 72937 1 00000 0 70005 087520 0 85297 0 12863 0 58343 0 0275 0 2135 0 7342 0 0042 0 2423 00001 0 0006 00000 00012 0 0001 00001 0 6110 0 0110

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 -middotmiddot-----~-- --

ZNF 030529 0 19909 -003357 0 55552 0 14882 0 70828 0 59161 0 70005 1 00000 087145 0 54483 0 11953 0 54444 0 2180 0 4284 08948 0 0167 0 5556 00010 00097 00012 00000 0 0001 00194 0 6366 0 0195

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

FEF 0 38214 0 18381 -0 09269 063819 0 16657 083543 0 60433 0 87520 0 87145 100000 0 78481 -0 00453 0 61174 0 1176 0 4653 0 7145- 0 0044 0 5089 00001 00079 0 0001-- --0 0001 -0 0000 -- 0-0001 -- 0 9858----- 0 00-10----- ----1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18i1middotmiddot

SIF 0 52537 027021 0 06630 0 71161 029835 0 79259 0 58652 0 85297 0 5~483 0 78481 1 00000 -007886 0 51571 0 0252 0 2782 0 7938 0 0009 0 2292 00001 0 0105 00001 00194 0 0001 0 0000 0 7558 00285


CLF -0 28647 -o 24485 -o 11526 -0 17908 -022686 -o 10927 0 07669 0 12863 0 11953 -000453 -o 07886 1 00000 -0 20751 0 2491 03275 0 6488 0 4771 0 3653 06660 0 7623 06110 06366 0 9858 0 7558 0 0000 04087

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 29335 0 16441 -003899 0 20556 0 12310 0 58337 034274 0 58343 0 54444 0 61174 0 51571 -o 20751 1 00000 02374 0 5145 0 8779 0 4132 06265 0 0110 0 1638 0 0110 0 0195 o 0070 0 0285 04087 0 0000 -- --- -- ---

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




SF 0 71313 083969 0 71558 0 22603 o 72637 0 09862 0 44639 0 10128 -005963 -005255 0 12180 -030267 022105 00009 0 0001 00008 03671 0 0006 06970 00633 06892 0 8142 0 8359 06302 02222 03781


ND3 0 70324 0 68520 0 57713 037124 069133 0 40748 0 55993 0 54401 0 50399 0 50803 0 47233 -o 14438 061873 00016 00024 00153 0 1423 0 0021 0 1045 00194 00240 00391 0 0373 00556 0 5B04 0 0081

17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


2N02 0 59259 039963 0 16270 067239 035817 089205 078246 0 92474 074285 087231 080553 005950 064767 -2


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 3


3502 0 75127 0 67523 073330 0 52519 0 78480 0 37019 0 57116 0 50172 044426 0 49609 0 55138 -o 08942 029820 30 0003 00021 00005 0 0252 00001 0 1305 00133 00339 0 0647 00363 00177 0 7242 02294


SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 I~

TA98P 0 71313 o 70324 066396 083251 059259 -037864 075127 middot - --- - ----- -- -- - --- -- ------- -f

bull1


middotTA98M 083969 0 68520 0 50083 0 77972 039963 -o 46393 067523

Cl 00001 00024 00343 00001 o 1004 00525 00021


00008 0 0153 03691 00023 o 5189 00024 00005 (

1B 17 18 18 18 18 18 6bull



i 18 17 18 18 18 18 18 o

130 0 72637 0 69133 0 43936 0 77128 035817 -o 54332 middoto 784Bo 00006 0 0021 00681 0 0002 o 1444 00198 0 0001

18 17 18 18 18 18 18 -------- lr

7

middot 7lt

17

- --- ---



SF N03

PBF 0 09862 0 40748 0 6970 0 1045

18 17

DRF 0 44639 0 55993 0 0633 0 0194

18 17

KF 0 10128 0 54401 0 6892 00240

18 17

ZNF -005963 0 50399 0 8142 0 0391

18 17

FEF -005205 0 50803 0 8359 0 0373

I 18 17 bull 1



02222 0 5804 18 17

NIF 0 22103 061873 0 3781 00081

18 17

i SF l 00000 0 64435 I 00000 00052

18 17 I


111 co 0 15196 0 31686Imiddot

0 5472 02153 18 17

NO 0 48753 0 43096 o 0401 0 0842

18 17

ND2 0 14107 0 59138 b 5766 0 0124

18 17

2

co

0 76253

NO

0 57718

N02

089205

03

o 18401

802


3


18 0 0121

18 0 0001

18 0 4648

18 0 1305


-middot - bull 10

0 78881 0 0001

18

0 72386

087660 0 0001

18

045750

0 78246 -026944 0 0001 0 2796

18 18

092474 024139

0 57116 00133

18



00007 18

0 0563 18

0 0001 18

03346 18

00339 18

IA

060760 037468 074285 030709 o 44426 00075

-- 18 0 1255

---- 18 0 0004

18--0 2151

18 0 0647




3018 18 18 18 18


0 0012 0 1217 0 0001 0 3555 0 0177 4 18 18 18 18 18 30


41

4

0 11923 0 02979 064767 0 25318 0 29820 06375 0 9066 00037 03107 0 2294

4018 18 18 18 18 4


0 5472 00401 0 5766 00646 00134 18 18 18 18 18 -Imiddot

5bull1031686 0 43096 0 59138 -0 15354 0 78859 0 2153 00842 00124 0 5563 0 0002



18 18 18 18 18 lo=bull 1r1


18 18 18 18 18 ltP

j1~1

bull1110 70880 0 55764 1 00000 0 05266 0 59471 I 0 0010 0 0162 0 0000 0 8356 00092 71i


_




03 -o 44444 -o 15354 -001013 -0 53711 005266 1 00000 -0 32031 bi 0 0646 0 5563 09682 00215 o 8356 00000 0 1950

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

b

802 0 57071 0 78859 o ~1216 061918 0 ~9471 -o 32031 1 00000 00134 00002- middot 00218 00061 00092 0 1950 00000

18 17 18 18 18 18 18

i 1111

1 ~

ilt1i -

i)

I middot


TA98P

TA9811

BAP

CDR

N MEAN

18 27 34444442

18 12 22222221

18 o 32222222

18 0 87222222



I

6 1gt9245012 219 99999975 3 40000000 2b 79999995 1~1 -

0 42086124 5 79999999 o 10000000 160000000 11

036267885 1569999999 030000000 160000000 H BO

PBF

BRF

18 1 11gt111111

18 28700000000

18 52 00000000

130435420 20 89999999 o 10000000 5 10000000 1 111 14902348808 516600000000 8600000000 667 00000000 I J ~

I ~ middot1 I

1-middot11

3438B78066 93600000000 600000000 125 00000000

KF 18 13083333333

99 97249622 35500000000 3600000000 406-00000000 1middot1

ZNF

FEF

18 20 22222222

18 9322222222

middot bullbull 1


40 25030659 1678 00000000 2000000000 18000000000 -

SIF

CLF

NIF

SF

16 20amp50000000


18 266666667


--


i1

218 211H369 2277 00000000 1800000000 971 00000000 1


tbullmiddot 1111


ND3 18 704444444 -- - -----


co 18 1 19999973 0 39704784 a 59999514 o 19999999 189999962



03 18 1 62222203 1 55433184 29 19999653 0 4 59999943

602 18 o 03888888 I bullbullI

008498365 019999987 0 0 29999995- I I


--




TA98P 1 00000 0 95880 0 33769 030796 045622 -o 14393 008990 0 05364 -o 13524 0 00460 -o 06952 002155 -001755 00000 0 0001 0 1705 0 2138 00570 0 5688 07228 08326 0 5926 09855 o 7840 09324 09449

TA98H 0 95880 1 00000 041939 0 16604 049250 -026445 -004611 -0 08562 -0 17367 -0 11225 -0 16946 0 01194 -o 13945 00001 0 0000 00932 0 5102 00379 02889 08558 07355 04907 06574 0 5014 09625 0 5810 middot

BAP 0 33769 0 41939 1 00000 0 18156 095321 -o 26383 0 15729 0 13137 -0 03319 -0 35950 -0 12397 0 54944 0 18677 0 1705 o 0832 00000 0 4709 00001 02901 0 5331 06033 08960 0 1429 06241 00182 04580


BO 0 45622 0 49250 095321 035446 100000 -0 14965 028353 0 20042 0 04606 -0 30491 -0 11295 0 51501 022571 - 1

00570 00379 0 0001 0 1490 0 0000 0 5534 02542 04252 08560middot 02186 06554 00287 0 3678 1 Ibull

i iPBF -0 14393 -0 26445 -o 26383 070265 -0 14965 100000 0 84410 0 73014 0 17409 084866 0 75510 -o 11898 063813


I


JbullII


111


middot1 FEF 0 00460 -0 11225 -03~950 0 60364 -030491 084866 065601 0 70146 001902 100000 090712 -023023 060387


0 7840 05014 06241 00066 06554 00003 00009 00001 0 7926 00001 00000 08816 00003 i i iI

CLF 002155 001194 o 54944 -006136 0 51501 -0 11898 0 30259 o 22757 044606 -023023 003781 100000 001395 09324 0 9625 -middot- 0 0182 -08089 00287 06382 - o 2223 03638 00635 03580 08816 00000 - o-1562 - I


09449 0 5B10 0 4580 00002 0367B 00044 00010 00001middot 0 7607 00080 00003 09562 00000 NIF -0 01755 -o 13945 0 18677 0 77235 022571 063813 0 70691 0 91863 -0 07721 060387 0 74978 001395 1 00000

I SF

ND3

-0 00948 09702

0 57359 00128

-0 06773 0 7895

0 54898 00183

041263 00888-

0 70681 00010

001B84 09409-

037109 0 1295

045817 00559

0 62110 0 0001

004542 08580

-0 12277 0 6274

042099 00819

023617 03454

o 31931 0 1965-

0 19639 04348

0 61671 -0 15333 00064 0 5436

006757 -022576 0 7899 0 3677

005262 0 8357

-008816 0 7280

091598 00001

026757 02831

006616 0 7942

022764 03636

iCbull

i i

co 0 55631 0 0165

0 52842 00242

004224 08678

0 49836 00353

0 14993 0 5526

038285 0 1169

035844 0 1441

o 20851 0 4064

-o 20481 0 4149

030973 0 2110

0 18727 0 4568

-0 27334 0 2724

023756 03425

NO 0 32544 0 1876

0 25876 02998

021495 03917

0 75467 00003

035989 0 1424

0 62866 00052

0 69713 00013

0 50726 00317

-0 07765 0 7594

0 38188 0 1179

0 33233 -002472 0 1779 09224

0 51261 00296


l

N02

TA98P

0 04264 0 8666

TA98M

004085 0 8721

CORRELATION

BAP COR

-o 26388 049516 02900 0 0367



-024236 0 59937 036052 0 42562 -005869 0 64556 03325 00086 0 1416 00782 0 8171 00038

SIF

0 51792 00277

CLF

-0 37459 0 1256

NJF

045314 0 0590

--pmiddot1 _ ___ l-1 I I ~ i

i -

03 -o 08513 0 7370

-o 10636 0 6744

-o 40365 00967

-o 10841 06685

-039356 o 1061

0 16868 0 5034

-004380 o 8630

0 03076 0 9036

036536 0 1360

0 29733 02308

02893 -o 24712 02501 03228

000644 0 9798

))

S02 0 37814 0 40175 0 40203 -0 07740 031162 -o 11333 0 17914 0 13582 o 16193 0 00068 0 12285 0 68627 -o 08408 0 1218 0 0984 00982 0 7602 0 2081 06543 0 4769 0 5910 0 5209 09979 0 6272 00017 0 7401 middot

I


i I j

TA98P -o 00948 0 57359 0 55631 032544 004264 -008513 037814 11


TA98M -006773 0 54898 0 52842 025876 004085 -o 10636 04017 0 7895 0 0183 00242 0 2998 08721 06744 0 0984


IMP 0 41263 0 70681 0 04224 0 21495 -026388 -o 40365 040203 1middotr 0 0888 0 0010 08678 0 3917 02900 00967 0 0982 I


COR 0 01884 0 9409

0 37109 0 1295

0 49836 0 0353

0 75467 00003

049516 00367

-o 10841 06685

-o 07740 0 7602



00559 00001 0 5526 0 1424 03325 0 1061 02081 I 11

I 4 I

PBF 0 04542 0 8580

-0 12277 06274

0 38285 0 1169

0 62866 00052

0 59937 o 0086

0 16868 0 5034

-o 11333 06543 i I


KF

00819

0 31931

03454

0 19639

0 1441

020851

00013

0 50726

o 1416

042562

08630

0 03076

0 4769

0 13582

1ilvl

0 1965 0 4348 04064 00317 00782 09036 0 5910 bull I

--- --- -1middot ti

ZNF 0 61671 0 06757 -o 20481 -o 07765 -005869 o 36536 0 16193 )

00064 0 7899 0 4149 0 7594 08171 0 1360 0 5209 I

FEF -o 15333 -o 22576 0 30973 088188 064556 0 29733 000068 I 0 5436 0 3677 02110 0 1179 0 0038 02308 0 9979

i

6IF 0 05262 -008816 0 18727 033233 0 51792 0 28593 0 12285 1middot 11- I

08357 0 7280 0 4568 0 1779 o 0277 0 2501 06272 bull middot1

CLF 0 91 598 026757 -o 27334 -o 02472 -037459 -0 24712 068627 0 0001 0 2831 o 2724 0 9224 o 1256 03228 0 0017

NIF 0 06616 022764 0 23756 0 51261 045314 0 00644 -008408 0 7942 0 3636 03425 0 0296 0 0590 0 9798 0 7401

I -

--1



SF 1 00000 033200 -029567 -000496 -03B569 -0 14233 049893 1middot

ND3

co

NO

N02

03

502

0 0000

0 33200 0 1783

-0 29567 0 2336

-000496 0 9844

-0 3B569 0 1139

-o 14233 0 5732

0 49893 00351

0 1783

1 00000 00000

027495 02695

0 25388 03094

-0 34866 0 1562

001501 0 9529

0 12659 06167

0 2336

027495 0 2695

1 00000 00000

071100 00009

0 46975 00492

o 10103 0 6900

000000 1 0000

09844

0 2538B 03094

0 71100 0 0009

1 00000 00000

0 44577 00637

-o 15038 0 5514

001706 0 9464

0 1139 0 5732 00351

-034866 0 01501 0 12659 0 1562 0 9529 06167

0 46975 0 10103 000000 0 0492 06900 1 0000

044577 -0 15038 0 01706 00637 0 5514 09464

1 00000 000732 -o 11744 o 0000 0 9770 06426

000732 100000 -o 16279 09770 00000 0 5187

- -

-o 11744 -o 16279 100000 06426 0 5187 00000

-- --~-- ---------- - - ---middot


11middot I bull


11 4

----- -~- ---------i ~

II-1lt1

41

-1middot_I j

_

) I

1bull bullI I

[

~-- J

-i I I

_

_

i _

i i

I I -_

SAS STATION=7996


VARIABLE

TA98P

N

18

MEAN

1407777777

STD DEV

8 17554139

SUM

25339999978

MINIMUM

o 60000000

MAXIMUM

28 39999998

Imiddot1 I


BAP

CDR

18

18

18

707222222

0 13888889

032222222

426391225

006978023

025565500

12729999995

2 50000000

580000000

040000000

o 10000000

o 10000000

t4 20000000

0 30000000

090000000

I

middot1

BO

PBF

BRF

KF

ZNF

FEF

SIF


18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

o 48333333

22826611111

44 46111111

139 52777778

24 73888889

17422777778

450951555556

26421111111

031482955

20203637gt56

3533125826

115 77552218

15 52118624

125 44174090

33441987385

21783477519

B 70000000

4108 79000000

BOO 30000000

2511 50000000

44530000000 ~---middotmiddot--

3136 10000000


4755 80000000

--

o 10000000

1700000000

700000000

3700000000

400000000

1700000000

7900000000

1900000000

1 20000000 I 11

77100000000 middot1 1-li

13000000000 middot- 11


i-11 7400000000 middot-I



Ibull

89300000000 i~I middot-------middot- - -------- -------- (

NIF 18 1685555555 1260598468 303 39999998 200000000 48 00000000 1

SF

N03

ND

18

18

9

1968 4222222


2 71111094

115393953280

565174506

1 72224005

35431 60000000 middot

140 59999998

24 39999843

54100000000

300000000

029999995

5790c 00000000

24 50000000

6 39999962

bulliI _t

I I

I

ND2 16 269999966 149092499 4049999332 l 19999981 b 19999981

03 15 1 77333314 1 20621393 26 59999704 middot-middot - -

0 3 19999981

S02 15 1 35333300 1 14633970 2029999506 029999995 4 29999924


i middotj

bull-li


--




TA98P 1 00000 o 92935 0 28825 -o 01129 048961 0 13388 033461 0 18025 0 13720 -002539 -0 16409 -o 32350 0 10007 00000 00001 02461 09645 00392 05964 0 1747 0 4742 05872 09204 o 0153 0 1904 06928 i

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 1d

TA98M 092935 1 00000 032610 0 15817 046062 033824 0 47603 034902 033729 0 16881 0 01959 -026313 0 12028 rmiddot ii 00001 00000 0 1866 0 5308 00544 0 1698 00458 0 1557 0 1711 0 0031 09385 02914 06345

I18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

1


I02461 0 1866 00000 00010 00001 00126 00006 00165 0 1587 00717 0 1419 03167 03501 18 18 10- 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 - i

I(



00392 00544 00001 0 0048 00000 00571 00022 00494 03512 02678 03858 03432 0 1697 JIbull


0 1747 o 0458 - 0 0006 - 00001 00022 00001 00000 - 0 0001 00017 00002 00085 06294 0 7840 18 18 1B 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18


18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 ) 1)

ZNF 0 1370 03379 034666 0 54174 023343 074960 068574 065671 1 00000 0 72305 0 54970 -o 18941 049618 I li0 5872 o 1711 0 1587 00202 03512 00003 00017 00031 00000 00007 00181 04516 00362


~ i bull FEF -0 02539 0 16881 0 43439 0 76834 027588 090022 0 76972 0 80442 0 72305 1 00000 090809 -0 118f4 033937

I 0 9204 0 5031 00717 00002 02678 0 0001 00002 0 0001 00007 00000 00001 06406 0 1683 middotmiddotI

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18



CLF -0 32350 -0 26315 -0 25018 -001103 -023724 -005122 -0 12210 0 00024 -0 18941 -o 11814 0 15372 100000 -027728 1

0 1904 02914 03167 0 9653 03432 08400 06294 09993 0 4516 06406 0 5425 o 0000 02653 -18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

NIF 0 10007 0 12028 -o 23398 -0 19023 -0 33828 0 18641 0 06953 0 09793 0 49618 0 33937 0 14030 -0 27728 100000 0 6928 06345 03501 0 4496 o 1697 04589 o 7840 06991 0 0362 o 1683 0 5787 02653 00000 1

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18




N03 0 63242 0 56885 0 15694 -000873 0 46691 -0 10536 0 10681 0 06973 006362 -0 26846 -023405 0 06398 -023346 II

I-0 0049 0 0138 0 5340 0 9726 0 0508 0 6773 0 6731 0 7834 0 B020 02814 03499 08009 0 3512 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 i

11bull ii(


NO 0 55212 0 48690 082799 051547 0 73964 036537 o 5~405 0 17045 0 43112 0 13157 -o 01367 -o 31045 -o 14897 1 0 1232 0 1838 0 0058 0 1555 0 0227 0 3336 0 1217 0 6611 0 2466 0 7358 0 9722 0 4162 0 7021


llt

I 3


I 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

rj 00767 00389 00666 0 1729 00134 03732 00908 03811 02595 09573 08808 0 5762 03102 l

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 3i ~802 0 73863 0 58663 041270 -001688 0 52023 -o 14223 0 14874 -o 06508 -004904 -o 32131 -031231 0 15680 -022241 n0 0017 00215 0 1263 0 9524 00468 06131 0 5968 0 8177 08622 02429 02571 0 5768 04256

16 16 15- ---- - 15 15 15 15 15-- - 15 -- 15 -- --15 --15------ --- -15------ -- middot

middot I



18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1 iIll


bulls_18 18 0 9 15 15 15i -- ----------[


t1

COR -o 02761 -0 00873 0 51547 074490 -0 37138 -001688 04


BO 0 18682 0 46691 0 73964 033341 -062129 0 52023 lti 0 4579 0 0508 0 0227 02246 00134 0046B 1(l

7118 18 0 9 15 15 15 --- - -middot ~



3 2

SF N03 co NO N02 03 902 3

4

bull PBF 0 15363 -0 10536 036537 093532 -0 24779 -0 14223 bull


BRF 0 231B4 0 106B1 0 55405 083513 -045195 0 14874 I

0 3546 0 6731 0 1217 00001 00908 0 596B 18 18 0 9 15 15 15

Imiddot

KF 0 33801 0 0673 0 17045 085814 -024388 -006508 - -- - --- - - middot- 0 1701 0 7834 0 6611 o 0001 03B11 08177

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 1I

ZNF 0 36622 006362 0 43112 0 74557 -0 310B0 -004904 1 0 1350 08020 02466 0 0014 02595 08622

2 18 18 0 15 - 15 15 ---------- -1_

FEF 001413 -026846 0 13157 093257 -001512 -032131 2


0956 0 2814 0 735B 00001 0 9573 0242 3

3




NIF 0 23057 -023346 -o 14897 032692 028110 -0 22241 0 3573 03512 0 7021 02343 03102 0 4256

18 18 0 9 15 15 15 SF l 00000 066667 --- ----- middot-00573b - 0 1724~ -041658 052203

00000 00025 08835 0 5389 0 1224 00459 I 18 18 0 9 15 15 151middot I 1 N03 0 66667 1 00000 022436 -009255 -o 58411 079808


I I co

fi


0 8835 0 5617 00000 06093 0 4302 00973 bullmiddot 9 9 0 9 9 9 9

N02 0 17244 -o 09255 0 19817 100000 -009374 -0 16884 0 5389 0 7429 06093 00000 0 7397 0 5475

15 15 0 9 15 15 15 7

7



SF N03 co NO N02 03 S 2

03 -o 41658 -o 58411 -o 30163 -009374 1 00000 -o 56403 0 1224 0 0222 04302 o 7397 00000 00285


S02 0 52203 0 79808 0 58598 -0 16884 -0 56403 1 00000 0 0459 0 0004 0 0973 0 5475 00285 00000

15 15 0 9 15 15 15

i I fbull





--

bullbull






e 6 7430 813 73 0 19 0 0 6 3 4 4 0 1 O l 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 1 3 2 2 2 0 9 bull 1 7430 821 58 035 57 94 59 03 05 18 09 13 132 97 80 32


18



23 16 7433 801 64 0 57 9 1 9 2 56 03 03 2 7 1 5 0 5 12 3 6 B 69 33


26

27 5 4 0 3 0 3 2 5 l 4 0 7 12 1 6 B 3 6 7 0


SI a --~- 823 4lt 020 65 29 35 01 01 11 12 01 33 126 26 06(__137

25 7433 831 51 0 32 7 0 52 58 06 09 48 3 5 17 14 7 66 7B 34 lJ



Ul3B 30



44 31 _ 7440 801 73 069 77 112 107 06 13 41 19 33 48 12 77 24


36 7440 813 52 0 27 6 1 6 1 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 3 0 2 7 4 4 2 3 4 1 2 ~ 37 7440 821 61 050 44 83 107 06 15 40 18 29 55 35 30 17

88 7440- -- - 822 43 0 24 4 b 4 7 2 6 middot 0 1 -0 1 0 7 0 4 0 2 6 6 4 7 8 0 3 2 39 7440 823 39 0 24 4 9 4 4 2 9 0 1 ~- 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 17 1 5 4 6 1 7 M 40 7440 831 56 J42 41 69 106 10 c3 75 48 45 148 52 106 30


_ tor

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Imiddot I

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APPENDIX V







Annual -004 0001 Annual 009 050





TSP Winter -7 010

Spring -2 042

Summer -3 034

Annual -4 012

so4 Winter -09 016

Spring 005 063

Summer -06 024

Annual -05 011


Spring aa 099

Summer -04 021

Annual -02 042

BAP Winter 5 014

Spring aa 056

Summer aa 100

Annual 004 012


11111i~~li~~IIII 07488

carcinogens and mutagens in ambient air particulate …

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