carbon ion fragmentation study for medical applications protons (hadrons in general) especially...
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![Page 1: Carbon ion fragmentation study for medical applications Protons (hadrons in general) especially suitable for deep-sited tumors (brain, neck base, prostate)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649d2a5503460f949fe4d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Carbon ion fragmentation study for medical applications
Protons (hadrons in general)especially suitable for deep-sited
tumors (brain, neck base, prostate)and fat people
G. De LellisNapoli University
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Dose modulation
From the overlap of close peaks (close energies) , conformational
Profile is obtained
The patient is rotated so to avoid a long exposure time of the
healthy tissues
Size of the sick part
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Carbon beam
Same energy deposit profile as protons but with larger energy loss per unit length
one ionization every ~ 10nm
(DNA helix ~ 2nm)
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Charge and mass measurement
• Density of energy along the track path Z2
• Multiple scattering or magnetic field provides either p or p
• From the combined measurement, we can get p and the mass A,Z
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Exposure of an ECC to 400 Mev/u Carbon ions
ECC structure: 219 OPERA-like emulsions and 219 Lexan sheets ( = 1.15 g/cm3) 1 mm thick (73 consecutive “cells”)
exposed to 400 Mev/u Carbon ions
Cell structure
LE
XA
N
LE
XA
N
LE
XA
N
R0 R1 R2
R0: sheet normally developed after the exposure
R1: sheet refreshed after the exposure (3 days, 300C, 98% R.H.)
R2: sheet refreshed after the exposure (3 days, 380C, 98% R.H.)
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Carbon exposure at HIMAC (NIRS-Chiba)
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C ions angular spectrum
Slope X
Slo
pe
Y
slope X
(3 )
slope Y
(3 )
P1-0.150 ±0.004
-0.003 ±0.005
P2-0.017 ±0.004
-0.002 ±0.005
P3 0.134 ±0.004
-0.001 ±0.005
3.4 cm2 scanning in each sheet (all sheets scanned)
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Track volume: sum of the areas of the clusters belonging to the track
BG, mip
Z > 1
p
Upstream sheet
Downstream sheet(about 5 cm)
p Z > 2
one sheet – R0 type one sheet – R1 type
Downstream sheet(about 5 cm)
Upstream sheet
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R0 vs R1 and R1 vs R2 scatter plot
H
He
He
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R1 versus R2
HeLi
Be
B
C
20 to 30 sheets5 to 10 sheets
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Charge identification
Z = 2
Z = 3
Z = 4
5 R1 VS 5 R2 (2 cm) 10 R1 VS 10 R2 (4 cm)
15 R1 VS 15 R2 (6 cm)
20 R1 VS 20 R2 (8 cm)
Z = 4
Z = 3
Z = 2
Z = 5
Z = 6
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Charge separation
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Charge separation versus the number of segments
Helium-Lithium Lithium-Beryllium
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Charge separation versus the number of segments
Boron-CarbonBeryllium-Boron
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Charge identification efficiency
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One vertex
C
3 cm
Vertex analysis
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Impact parameter distribution
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Track multiplicity at interaction vertex
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Charge distribution of secondary particlescharge reconstruction efficiency
Inefficiency Charge = 0Charge efficiency = (2848-27)/2848 =
99.1±0.2%
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Sum of the charge at the interaction vertex
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Carbon interactions
Bragg peak
Contamination at the percent level
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Angular distribution of secondary particles
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Particle ranges for different charges
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Ranges and interaction lengths for stopping and interacting particles
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Elastic scattering angle
~ 6% Contamination
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Conclusions• The charge identification works well up to the Carbon• The charge separation capability is about 5 sigma for
protons and helium already with less than 10 plates where other detectors fail
• The separation between boron and carbon requires 30 plates to reach 2.5 sigma
• The vertex reconstruction works with impact parameters of 10 µm or less
• Elastic and anelastic scattering are well separated
Outlooks•Improve the identification capability for short tracks
•Measure the momentum for isotope discrimination