Carbon compounds

A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only the elements __hydrogen__________ and ____carbon__________.

The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon may be ________________, _____________________ or ____________________________.

A __Chemical _or molecular____________ formula includes the chemical Symbols of the elements in each molecule of a compound, as wellas the number of ____________ of each element.

H2O

atoms

NaCl

A ______structural__________ formula shows the kind, number and Arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different Structures are called ___isomers_____________.

C5H12 C5H12

In a substituted hydrocarbon, atoms of other elements replace, or Substitute for, one or more _hydrogen______ atoms in a hydrocarbonChain.

Substituted hydrocarbons include halogen-containing compounds,_alcohols_________ and____________________.

The group –OH is made of an ___oxygen________ atom andA ___hydrogen___________ atom. It is called a hydroxyl group.

An organic acid is a substituted hydrocarbon with one or more of the followingGroup of atoms: -COOH.

Each –COOH is called a ___carboxyl_____________Citric acid is an organic acid found in oranges and lemons.

If an alcohol and an organic acid are chemically combined, the resulting compound is called an ____ester________.Many of them have pleasant fruity smells.

A very large molecule made of a chain of many smaller Molecules bonded together is called a _ polymer_____.

The smaller molecules,That make up the chainAre called __monomer________.

Other polymers, are manufacture. They are called __synthetic______________ polymers.

Some polymers are made naturally by living things.

Four Basic Types of Organic Molecule

Nutrients – provide energy & raw materials for growth, repair and function

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Nucleic acids

Proteins

• Structure: muscles, keratin in hair, collagen in skin,, crystallin in eye & fingernails.

• The body uses proteins to build and repair body parts

• Hormones• Immune system

Proteins are made of Amino AcidsProteins are polymers made of smaller molecules called amino acids.There are 20 kinds of amino acids found in living things.Different proteins are made with different sequences ofAmino acids.

HUGE VARIETY!

sources of protein

beefpoultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, seeds, and legumes like black beans and lentils.

Carbohydrates

• An energy rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

2 types of carbohydrates

• Simple Carbohydrates – The simplest is sugar, which we call glucose

C6H12O6

• Complex Carbohydrate - Plants or food products from plants – Made of long chains of simple carbohydrates

- starch – bread, cereal, pasta

- cellulose – fruits, vegetables, nuts & whole grains

Lipids• Fats, Oils, Waxes &

Cholesterol• Energy-rich

compounds made of carbon, oxygen & hydrogen

• Release more energy in your body than carbohydrates

Fats and Oils•Fats are solid at room temperature

•Oils are liquid at room temperature

•Fats and oils are made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

waxesWaxes are used to coat and protect things in nature.

Bees make wax.

Your ears make wax.

Plant leaves even have wax on the outside of their leaves.

What is cholesterol?

What is cholesterol?

* Cholesterol is a fatty substance (lipid), which is essential to healthy life.

* It is found in the brain, nervous tissue, skin and adrenal glands.

Cholesterol is manufactured mainly in the liver but it is also present in saturated fat found in meat and dairy products and many processed foods.

Excess saturated fat in the diet increases blood cholesterol.

● Extremely complex molecules produced by living cells and viruses.

● Nucleic acids have at least two functions: 1. to pass on hereditary characteristics from one

generation to the next, 2. to trigger the manufacture of specific proteins.

●The nucleic acids are the fundamental substances of living things,

Nucleic Acids