carbohydrates source of energy organicmonosacchardies disacchardies polysaccardies starchy foods;...

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Source of energy Organic Monosacchardies Disacchardies Polysaccardies Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom (CH²O)n

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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Source of energy

OrganicMonosacchardiesDisacchardiesPolysaccardies

Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom

(CH²O)n

Monosaccharides

Simple single sugar molecules.

Souble and sweet.

White, crystaliline soilds

Regarded as a reducing sugar

Page 3: Carbohydrates Source of energy OrganicMonosacchardies Disacchardies Polysaccardies Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom (CH²O)n

Monosaccharides

Trioses C3H6O3 eg. Glyceraldhyde

Pentoses C5H10O5 eg. Ribose

Hexoses C6H12O6

eg.Glucose,fructose, galactoses

Page 4: Carbohydrates Source of energy OrganicMonosacchardies Disacchardies Polysaccardies Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom (CH²O)n

Hexose

Hexose sugars form the main source of energy for a living organism.

Alpha Glucose

Beta Glucose

Page 5: Carbohydrates Source of energy OrganicMonosacchardies Disacchardies Polysaccardies Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom (CH²O)n

Important Roles

A condensationcondensation reaction takes place when two smaller molecules join together to form one larger molecule and release a molecule of water.

A hydrolysishydrolysis reaction occures when a large molecule reacts with water and is split into two smaller ones.

Page 6: Carbohydrates Source of energy OrganicMonosacchardies Disacchardies Polysaccardies Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom (CH²O)n

Disaccharides

Formed when two hexose sugars react by means of a condensation reaction.

C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2O

The bond between these sugars are called a glycosidic bondglycosidic bond.

Page 7: Carbohydrates Source of energy OrganicMonosacchardies Disacchardies Polysaccardies Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom (CH²O)n

Disaccharides

Maltose Lactose

Sucrose

Page 8: Carbohydrates Source of energy OrganicMonosacchardies Disacchardies Polysaccardies Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom (CH²O)n

Disaccharides

All white crystalline soild

Souble and sweet

All Disaccharides sugars have the formula C12H22O11

Owns both reducing and non-reducing sugar properties, depending on arrangement.

Page 9: Carbohydrates Source of energy OrganicMonosacchardies Disacchardies Polysaccardies Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom (CH²O)n

Disaccharides

Maltose two alpha glucose condense

Lactose alpha glucose + galactose

Sucrose alpha glucose + fructose

Page 10: Carbohydrates Source of energy OrganicMonosacchardies Disacchardies Polysaccardies Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom (CH²O)n

Polysaccharides

Most complex of carbohydrates with the largest molecules.

Formed when many monosaccharide sugars condence together to form long chains.

Insouble in water

Not sweet

Most common is starch, glycogen and cellulose.

Polysaccharides

Starch

Polysaccharides

Glycogen

Page 13: Carbohydrates Source of energy OrganicMonosacchardies Disacchardies Polysaccardies Starchy foods; potatoes, pasta, rice C, H, O atom (CH²O)n

Polysaccharides

Cellulose

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