carbohydrates, fats, & proteins chapter 7section 1 page 154-160
TRANSCRIPT
CARBOHYDRATES, FATS, & PROTEINS
Chapter 7Section 1 Page 154-160
Something to think about! Poor eating habits and inactivity can
harm young people now, & eventually your long term health!
What does the saying “You are what you eat” mean to you?
6 Classes of Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates2. Fats3. Proteins4. Vitamins5. Minerals6. Water
Nutrient:Substance in food
that provides energy & helps
form body tissues & is necessary for life
& growthCarbs, fats, &
proteins are nutrients that
provide energy!
Important Definitions
Metabolism: The sum of the
chemical processes that takes place in your body to keep you alive & active
Calories: The measurement
of energy in food The # of calories
depends on the amount of carbohydrates, fat, & protein it contains
CARBOHYDRATES
1 GRAM = 4 CALORIES
Main fuel of the bodyMain fuel of the body…it keeps your brain and muscles functioning!
Carbohydrates are broken downbroken down into the bloodstream as GLUCOSEas GLUCOSE (blood sugar)
2 types of Carbs
SIMPLE Quick energy Table sugar Candy Pop Fruit Milk
COMPLEX Starches Must be broken
down during digestion to provide body with energy
Cereal Bread Rice and Pasta
Simple Carbohydrates
Glucose Sugar that
circulates in blood Most important
b/c provides energy to body’s cells
Fructose Fruit sugar Naturally in fruit Added to drinks
Lactose Milk sugar Found in dairy
products Sucrose
Table sugar Refined sugar
How much sugar should you have in a day?
If you consume 2,000 calories a day No more than 10 teaspoons a day
20 oz. Soda contains 16 teaspoons Diets high in added sugar have been
linked to obesity, heart disease, osteoporosis
Complex Carbohydrates
Glycogen Eating more carbs
than your body needs
Body’s quick energy reserve
Fiber Provides little energy Cannot be digested by
humans Keeps intestines healthy Prevents constipation May help prevent colon
cancer and heart disease Soluble-dissolve in water;
hold water in intestines Insoluble-does not
dissolve in water; add bulk to waste
Carbohydrates in your diet
45-65% of diet should be from carbohydrates
50% should be COMPLEX10% should be SIMPLE
TOO MUCH CARBOHYDRATES WILL TURN INTO FAT!
FATS
1 GRAM = 9 CALORIES Fat on our bodies:
Provides insulation to keep us warm Protects our internal organs A source of stored energy
Fat in our diet: Provides flavor to food Gives us a sense of fullness Helps carry vitamins around in the bloodstream
2 types of Fats
UnsaturatedUnsaturated Liquid or soft at room Liquid or soft at room
temperaturetemperature Monounsaturated:
Olive oil, avocados Lower risk of heart
disease Polyunsaturated:
Vegetable oils Omega-3: fish & seafood Extra protection against
heart disease
Transfat: veg oils formed into hard margarines Increase risk of heart
disease
SaturatedSaturated Solid at room Solid at room
temperaturetemperature Fatty meats Skin on poultry High-fat dairy
products Obesity, Obesity,
+cholesterol, risk +cholesterol, risk for heart diseasefor heart disease
Cholesterol
A fatty substance found in animal & A fatty substance found in animal & human tissueshuman tissues
Your body makes cholesterol Foods such as, meat, eggs, & dairy
products
2 types of Cholesterol
HDLHigh Density Lipoprotein
Carries back to liver where it is removed
from blood High levels reduce risk for heart disease
GOOD cholesterolGOOD cholesterol
LDLLow Density Lipoprotein
Brings to body cells Plaque forms when
levels too high
BAD cholesterolBAD cholesterol
Fats in your diet
Total fat intake for teens should be 25-35% of total caloric intake
10% should be SATURATED20% should be UNSATURATED
If you are eating a 2100 calorie diet no more than 700 calories (78 grams) should
come from fat
PROTEINS
1 GRAM = 4 CALORIES All parts of our body depend on protein
for SURVIVAL Build muscle, important for bones, Build muscle, important for bones,
cartilage, blood & skincartilage, blood & skin An energy source
2 types of Proteins
Complete Animal foods Meat Fish Poultry Eggs, cheese,
milk Soy & Tofu
Incomplete Rice, wheat, corn Nuts Plant sources These do not
contain all the essential amino acids your body needs
Proteins in your diet
10-35% of diet should be from proteinsMYTH:
Eating extra protein is important if you want to build bigger muscles
FACT:Muscles grow in response to strength training, not
to an increase in protein intake
If you eat too much protein, the extra amount will be stored as FAT!
Food Label Math
You are to choose one of the following food labels and list the Calories: Calories from Fat Calories from
Protein Calories from
Carbohydrates