carbohydrates!
DESCRIPTION
Carbohydrates!. Structure. Structure C, H, O/ 1:2:1 C 6 H 12 O 6 (CH 2 O)x many isomers Function ENERGY!!! Cell signaling Structural material. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. Types of Carbs. Monosaccharides - single monomer many isomers - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Carbohydrates!
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Structure Structure
C, H, O/ 1:2:1 C6H12O6 (CH2O)x many isomers
Function ENERGY!!! Cell signaling Structural material
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Types of Carbs1. Monosaccharides -
single monomermany isomers
2. Disaccharides – 2 monosaccharides
**3-10 = oligosaccharides**
3. Polysaccharide –100’s1,000’s monosaccharides
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
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Classifying sugar Most names end in -ose Classified by # carbons
6C = hexose (glucose) 5C = pentose (ribose) 3C = triose (glyceraldehyde)
OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
HOH
O
Glucose
H
OH
HO
O H
HHO
H
Ribose
CH2OH
Glyceraldehyde
H
H
HH
OH
OH
OC
C
C6 5
3
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Func
tiona
l gr
oups
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Structure determines function!!!!
5C & 6C sugars form rings in solution
What is the medium that makes up most cells?
What do you notice abouteach carbon in the ring?
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Numbering!
C
CC
C
CC
1'
2'3'
4'
5'6'
Oenergy stored in C-C bonds
harvested in
cellular respirat
ion
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Saccharide Synthesis dehydration synthesis builds
polymers
glycosidic linkage (C-O-C)
|glucose
|glucose
|maltose
H2O
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Polysaccharides Classified by composition &
function
homopolysaccharides – same monomer
Ex: starch, glycogen (glucose)
Heterosaccharides – different monomers
Ex: hyaluronic acid (D-glucuronic acid & D-N-acetylglucosamine) found in connective tissue
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And by function…1. cell identity - glycoproteins
have carb tail identifying each cell
2. Energy storage – can be hydrolyzed to form ATP1. Starch (plants)2. Glycogen (animals)
3. Structure – chains bind for support1. Cellulose (cell walls)2. Chitin (exoskeleton, fungi)
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Role of Shape
starch
glycogen
energystorage
slow release
fast release
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Starch vs. Cellulosestarc
heasy to
digest
enzyme
enzyme
cellulose
hard to
digestonly bacteria
can digest
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Fight for Fiber!
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Providing StructureChitin
Peptidoglycan