capteurs (et actionneurs) pour l’optimisation de la ... · capteurs (et actionneurs) pour...

Capteurs (et actionneurs) pour

l’optimisation de la consommation

d’énergieSébastien Dauvé

Responsable du Laboratoire Electronique, Energie pour le Transport et

l’habitat

CEA Leti

© CEA. All rights reserved

S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 2

Leti Within CEA

DefenseDefense

Technologicalresearch

Technologicalresearch

Nuclearenergy

Fundamentalresearch

CEA: French Atomic Energy Commission

•15 000 researchers

• Budget : 3 billion €

Micro-nanotechnologies& systems integration

Software & intensive systems

New energy technologies & nanomaterials

Technologies for information and

health

Non-greenhouse gas emitting energy

Defense and global security

LE2TH a lab from Leti


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 3

Leti at a Glance

Figures 2008Founded 1967 as part of CEACEO Dr. Laurent MalierStaff 1600 Budget 210 M€Capex 30 M€Industrial Partners 300Joint Labs 30

Value Creation⇒1500 Patent portfolio (258 in 2008)

40% Under license

⇒35 Startups created; 5 within the last 2 years

⇒750 Published papers in 2008


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 4

Key Accomplishments

DNA detection

2 Leti technologies used for flu detection (Avian flu, H1N1 flu)

IR Camera

2008 : 1st TSV transferred

in production for CMOS Image

Sensor

SmartCut™ technology invented by Leti in 1991, has enabled

Soitec to be the world leader in SOI

2004 : Leti accelerometer for automotive market


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 5

Leti Technologies: a 2-Axis Driver

Diversification More than Moore

More Moore

Min

iatu

riza

tio

n

65nm

45nm

32nm

22nm

16nmLithography

Advanced materials

FDSOI

Characterization

Advanced substrates

3D integration

Packaging

Design

Ultimate MOS

Highly selective

Extensive


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 6

Les enjeux de l’habitat…

� Grenelle de l’environnement

� Enjeux européens pour 2020 :

� 20% de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de

serre

� 20% de hausse de la part des énergies alternatives

� 20% de réduction des la consommation des énergies

primaires

Households consume 25.4 % of

EU energy

Chiffres clefs (en France)- 32 millions de logements -1,8 millions d’emplois - 1,1 tep/an/habitant en 2009- 1% de renouvellement par an

Vers l’habitat durable- Secteur où les économies d’énergie sont les plus accessibles- Réduction des consommations des bâtiments imposée par le Grenelle de l’environnement


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 7

Elements de contexte


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 8

Les capteurs ont un rôle prépondérant à

jouer dans l’habitat pour :

� Optimiser la consommation d’énergie

� Augmenter le confort

� Assurer l’hygiène (air, eau..)

� Assurer des fonctions de sécurité des biens et des personnes

Avec des enjeux sur :

� Les performances (courant, flux..)…voire de nouveaux types de

capteurs

� L’autonomie

� La standardisation (communications notamment…)

� Le recyclage

� La facilité d’installation

� Le coût !


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 9

Electronique pour la sécurisation

et nouvelles architectures de

panneaux PV

Capteurs de gaz sans fil

auto alimentés

(durée de vie > 10 ans)

Eclairage « intelligent » à

base de LEDs, en interaction

avec les usage(s)

Prises intelligentes

performantes et bas coût

(basées sur de nouveaux

capteurs de courant)

Ouvrants autonomes et

Optimisant les apports

passifs d’énergies

Quelques exemples

Filtrage des ondes e.m

Par des procédés bas coût


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 10

Exemple d’un capteur autonome

Zonal Controller

Multi-Sensors

Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) based on sensors networks

Each node includes :

� CO2, light intensity, temperature and humidity sensors

� A PV cell with specific rechargeable battery

� A communication block

Average sensor node consumption < 10µW

=> A specific ultra low power IC is currently designed :

PV battery charger + wake-up oscillator for the µcontroller

P²ICASSO V1 ASIC [0°C-60°C ; 2.6V-3.6V]Isupply < 50nA, 180nm CMOS

First prototype of multi-sensor system

=> ultra-low power wireless transmission for over 10 years autonomy & compliance with

home automation communication standards : Zigbee green power


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 11

Capteurs de courant : développements en cours…

Typical specifications• Current range [-300A; 300A]• Accuracy < 0,5%• Galvanic isolation ~ a few kV• Low cost !

Spintronic approach

First prototype available

Measurement ASICµcoupler

Current sensor with µcoupler and specific ASIC for

converter and measurements

First prototype available

MICOTI project

• Above IC Technology • GMR sensors laid down directly on the

CMOS reading circuit• - Linearity disparity <1%

over a range of : +-120A • - sensitivity: ~ 300µV/A.


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 12

Low cost gas

sensors

MID term : Low cost Non Dispersive IR detection �� Cost Breakthrough for reaching < 50 $?

Ultra low power multi-gas sensors platform in assoc iation with DCV• CO2 detection range: [ 300 ppm to 5000 ppm] with a 10/100 ppm resolution• Formaldehyde detection range: [ ≈ 1 ppb to 1 ppm] with a 1/10 ppb resolution•…

Long term : collaboration CEA/LETI- Caltech

Nanoscale structures (NEMs) associated with resonant detection

�high performances thanks to a few zg sensibility


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 13

Récupération d’énergie

Energy harvesting

Electronic harvester :

- Impedance adaptation

- Signal conditioning

Storage

or application

Physical to

Electrical conversion

Thermal

Now: 50µW/cm2 @DT=1K

Next: 500µW/cm2 @DT=1K

Solar

Now: 10mW/cm2 outdoor

Next: 30mW/cm2 outdoor

Electromagnetic field

µW/mm3 to mW/cm3

Mechanical

0,2 to 200mW/cm3

Self-adaptive MEMS vibration energy

harvester targets low and variable

frequencies

Silicon oxyde-based

electret

MEMS seismic mass

Electrode glass plate


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 14

Insertion de capteurs dans les matériaux

Le Procédé “Diabolo” •Connexion directe d’un circuit à un fil électrique•Packaging Minimal•Forte cohésion Electrique/Mécanique•Technologie à très faible cout

Adapté à différents process-Lamination-Extrusion-Moulage-Tissage


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 15

Comment prototyper un réseau de capteurs?

Formaldehyde

Sensor

Comfort

sensor

System

Smartphone

Interface Electrochromic

window

Smart Plug

LEDLighting

@home experimental platform zero installation, zero configuration &

zero maintenance


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 16

Un middleware spécifique

Sensor and actuator management middleware

Service management Local & application

specific serviceLocal & application

specific service

self organisation , robust and cooperative system layer

Service de pilotage X

Service de pilotage X

Piloting service X

Repository

Discovery

Mapper

Zigbee driver Proprietary driver … driver

Web Service Layer


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 17

Quelques projets collaboratifs en lien avec l’IoT


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 18

IOT holistic approach

� Sensei in figures:

� FP 7 ICT IP coordinated by L.Hérault, CEA leti

� 19 partners in 12 EU countries, (23 M€ budget)

� 2008-2010

� Sensei Motivation & Goals

� The growing importance of context-awareness

-> need for a greater integration of the physical

with the digital world.

� The lack of an open framework for WS&AN

-> prevent re-use of context information for

new applications and services.

� sensors and actuators will make up the majority

of connected devices

-> strong impact on the design of the Future

Internet


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 19


� SCUBA in figures

� FP 7 ICT project

� 8 partners (2,6 M€ budget)

� 2011-2013

� SCUBA motivation & goals

� SCUBA will create a novel architecture,

services, and engineering methodologies for

robust, adaptive, self-organizing, and

cooperating monitoring and control systems.

� This addresses the current problems of

heterogeneity and interoperability,

installation and commissioning complexity,

and adaptability and robustness in the

building monitoring and control space.


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 20


� SmartSantander in figures:

� FP 7 FIRE project

� 15 partners (9 M€ budget)

� 2010-2012

� Creation of a city scale experimental facility for large

scale experimentation for the Internet of Things

� 20.000 IoT devices deployed Targeting researchers, end

users and service providers

� Support a wide range of IoT experimentation

� Evaluation of key building blocks of the IoT architecture

� Assessment of the impact of the IoT on future networks

� Evaluation of service layer integration technologies

� Distributed data mining solutions and knowledge

engineering for exploitation of real world information

and cross-domain knowledge

� Evaluation of social acceptance of IoT technologies and

services


S. Dauvé | June30, 2011 | 21

Le livre blanc

� White book on sensor

networks & Internet of

things

� Motivation & Goals

� Promote Internet of things

� Structure the application domains

� Building sector

� Aeronautics

� Distribution

� Mobile services

� City infrastructure

� Perspectives : Build ambitious

projects to deliver the enabling

technical bricks identified

through this investigation work

Merci de votre

[email protected]

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