By: Jason E EvittInstructor: Elizabeth O’Connell, PhD.

Sustainability Studies CapstoneMay 1, 2015

Jason E EvittEmail: gofro@live.com

Contact1. Barnes, Matt. Livestock Management for Coexistence with Large Carnivores, Healthy Land and Productive Ranches : A Viewpoint.

USA: N.p., 2014. Film.2. Beschta, Robert L., and William J. Ripple. “Large Predators and Trophic Cascades in Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Western United

States.” Biological Conservation 142.11 (2009): 2401–2414. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.3. Brandt, Rhonda, and Nancy Hussey. Wyoming Agricultural Statistics-2014. Cheyenne: N.p., 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.4. Carroll, Carlos, Richard J Fredrickson, and Robert C Lacy. “Developing Metapopulation Connectivity Criteria from Genetic and

Habitat Data to Recover the Endangered Mexican Wolf.” Conservation biology 28.1 (2014): 76–86. Web. 28 Feb. 2015.5. Colorado Parks & Wildlife. Statewide Fact Sheet. Denver: N.p., 2015. Web. 8 Mar. 2015.6. Dalawa. “Wolf Howling.” Clker. N.p., 2010. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.7. Disney. “Kermit-the-Frog Picture.” Disney Pictures Gallery. N.p., 2009. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.8. Dutcher, Jim, and Jamie Dutcher. “A Gray Wolf, Canis Lupus, In Silhouette.” FineArtAmerica.com. N.p., 2011. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.9. Dutcher, Jim, and Jamie Dutcher. “Eine Gruppe Grauer Wölfe Auf Einer Wiese.” PosterLounge.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.10. Dutcher, Jim, and Jamie Dutcher. The Hidden Life of Wolves. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2013. Web. 7 Mar.

2015.11. Edward, Rob. A Vision for Wolves in the Southern Rocky Mountains. Louisville: N.p., 2009. Web. 5 Apr. 2015.12. Free All HD Wallpapers Download. “Cute And Sweet Disney Mickey Mouse And Minnie Mouse Image Download.” Blogspot. N.p.,

2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

13. Freer, Luanne. “The Wolves of Yellowstone.” Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 13 (2002): 174–174. Web.14. Ismail, A, and Patricia Losch. “Petition: Stop Killing Wolves to Their Extinction.” Care2. N.p., 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.15. Kartoon Korrall. “Road Runner with Knife & Fork.” Roadrunner in All His Glory. N.p., 2000. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.16. Keefover, Wendy. “Northern Rocky Mountain Wolves: A Public Policy Process Failure.” WildEarthGuadians.org. N.p., 2012. Web.

12 Mar. 2015.17. Linnell, JDC, and R Andersen. “The Fear of Wolves: A Review of Wolf Attacks on People.” NINA Oppdragsmelding … 731 (2002):

65. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.18. McCollum, Kate. “Trust.” 2015: Image. Print.19. MilesTailsProwerFan. “Tweety Bird at Scratchpad.” Scratchpad. N.p., 2012. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.20. Morell, Virginia. “Lessons from the Wild Lab-Yellowstone Park Is a Real-World Laboratory of Predator-Prey Relations.” Science

347.6228 (2015): 1302–7. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.21. Mueller, Marion. “Wiley Coyote.” El precio del oro y el momento Minsky. N.p., 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.22. Mulhall, Marjorie, and Steve Jurvetson. “Five Reasons the U.S. Should Not Abandon Gray Wolves.” Earthjustice Blog. N.p., 2014.

Web. 13 Apr. 2015.23. WAFWA Mule Deer Working Group. Mule Deer: Changing Landscapes, Changing Perspectives. Oregon: N.p., 2003. Web. 2 Mar.

2015.24. Yellowstone Park Foundation. Yellowstone Wolves and the Regional Economy. Bozeman: N.p., 2007. Web. 9 Mar. 2015.

References

THROUGH A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF WOLVES, THEIR FAMILY STRUCTURE, THEIR ROLE IN AN ECOSYSTEM, AND EVALUATION OF ACCUSATIONS TOWARD THEM, THE NEED TO RESTORE WOLVES TO COLORADO AND THE BENEFITS THEY WILL BRING IS EVIDENT.

Thesis Statement

Wolves Kill Few Of The Total Livestock Inventory.Proven Strategies Often Reduce Depredations To Zero.

Ecology/Ecosystem Decline

The Social Structure of Wolf Packs is Extremely Important

Biology/Predator Control

Tourism brought $35.5 million to the Greater Yellowstone region in 2007 by people specifically there for wolves.

Economics-Wolves are Bringing Big $$$

The gray wolf is a Colorado native. Colorado has the available terrain, prey base, public support, and ecological need for wolves to be restored to their rightful and historic range within its boundaries. The importance of reestablishing wolves in Colorado is underscored by the importance of metapopulations to facilitate dispersal and consequent genetic viability. By utilizing the best science available, improved management practices of livestock production, and by recognizing and acknowledging the ulterior and paradoxical effects lethal control has on wolf populations, the benefits of having wolves in Colorado’s biome would outweigh any perceived negative tradeoffs.

Conclusions

Wolves Initiate Cascades of Effects in Ecosystems

Coexistence/Livestock

REPLACE THIS BOX WITH YOUR

ORGANIZATION’SHIGH RESOLUTION

LOGO

Colorado has Great Habitat and Connectivity for Wolves

Connectivity/Metapopulations

$100 Million per YearOn Predator Control

Wolves Rarely Attack Humans

Wolf

Carrion

Cutthroat Trout

Bears

Moose

Potential Connectivity BetweenNorthern & Southern Rocky

Mountain Wolf Packs

“To look into the eyes of a wolf is to see your own soul.”Native American Proverb

Wildlife Watching-$2.28 Billion

Hunting-$919 Million $-

$500,000,000.00

$1,000,000,000.00

$1,500,000,000.00

$2,000,000,000.00

$2,500,000,000.00

Total Economic Effect - 2014Colorado

SRM Wolf Habitat and Core Areas of Potential Restoration

Cattle and Calves Depredations by Wolves

Sheep and Lambs Depredations by Wolves

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

Wyoming Livestock Inventory & Wolf Depredations

2010-26CT, 33SH 2011-35CT, 30SH2012-44CT, 112SH 2013-40CT, 33SH

North America-0 Deaths

Europe-4 Deaths Russia-4 Deaths0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

60,000

15,000

40,000

0 4 4

Wolf Population/Human Deaths from Wolf Attacks

1952 - 2002Wolf Population Wolf Caused Human Deaths