cape town, feb 2012 biopama - cbd · cape town, feb 2012 the digital observatory for protected...
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Cape Town, Feb 2012
BIOPAMA
Biodiversity and Protected Areas ManagementManagement
Philippe.Mayaux, Grégoire.Dubois, Andreas.Brink
@jrc.ec.europa.euInstitute for Environment & Sustainability
Joint Research Centre
Cape Town, Feb 2012
The Joint Research Centre
The Institute for Environment and Sustainability
Activities related to tropical ecosystems
The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas
Assessment of African Protected Areas
Evolution with new aid-decision tools
Structure of the presentation
Evolution with new aid-decision tools
The BIOPAMA project
Partners, main objectives
Thematic activities
Example of thematic activities
Earth Observation & threats to protected areas
Conclusions
Cape Town, Feb 2012
The Joint Research Centre of the EC
Where does the JRC fitin the European Commission?
President Barroso 27 Commission Members
Commissioner Geoghegan-Quinn
Research, Innovation and Science
Joint Research Centre (JRC) Research DG (RTD)
Cape Town, Feb 2012
The Joint Research Centre of the EC
JRC – Robust science for policy making
As a Directorate-General of the European Commission, the JRC provides customer-driven scientific and technical support to Community
policy making
Supporting citizen’s security, research on
energy, environment, transport, climate
change, safety of food and consumer products,
crisis management, nuclear security
Cape Town, Feb 2012
The Joint Research Centre of the EC
Our Structure: 7 Institutes in 5 Member States
IRMM – Geel, BelgiumInstitute for Reference Materials and Measurements
ITU – Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Transuranium Elements
IE – Petten, The Netherlands and Ispra, ItalyInstitute for Energy
IPSC – Ispra, ItalyIPSC – Ispra, ItalyInstitute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
IES – Ispra, ItalyInstitute for Environment and Sustainability
IHCP – Ispra, ItalyInstitute for Health and Consumer Protection
IPTS – Seville, SpainInstitute for Prospective Technological Studies
~ 2750 staff
~ 345 M€/y institutional budget (+ 60 M€/y earned in come)
Cape Town, Feb 2012
JRC Activities in ACP countries
ACP countriesAfrican Union
ACP SecretariatRegional centers
Countries
EU servicesDEV, AIDCO, ENV, ECHO
RELEX, Delegations
Member States
D, GB, B, PT, FNL, DK…
Land degradation and desertification
Food security &
Climate Change Water resources
Soil resources
InternationalUnited NationsCBD, UNFCCC, UNCCD, GEO
NGOs
ScienceUniversities
NetworksCGIAR, IIASA
Space agencies
Food security & Rural development
Marine resources& Fisheries
RenewableEnergies
Biodiversity protection
Crisis responseHumanitarian Aid
Natural RisksReduction
Conflict prevention& Early warning
Forest resources
Soil resources
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Example of a product of GEM for technical and scientific
support to European policy: The Global Landcover 2000
(coordination and implementation)
Examples of products and projects
Cape Town, Feb 2012
OFAC under the control and at the benefit of COMIFAC
Strong support from EU (6.3 M EUR for 2007-2014 )
Achieved by a consortium of scientific institutions
Observatoire des Forets d’Afrique Centrale
Regional centre in Kinshasa and in Yaoundé (6 scientific staff) with contact points in the 10 Central African countriesCongo Basin countries
Involvement of many national, regional and international partners: forest and wildlife services, NGOs, logging companies, UN bodies
Cape Town, Feb 2012
4 thematic monitoring systems
Forest cover & change
Forest carbon
Forest management
Forest biodiversity
OFAC Monitoring Systems
REDD+
FLEGT
Biodiversity
Data collection and analysis
Geographic level
National and management units (logging concession, protected area,
transformation unit, game area, ecological, landscape…)
Quantitative indicators in the formal sector
specific studies in the informal market
Cape Town, Feb 2012
The State of the Forests
Collective work of more than 100 authorsFocus on ecosystem services Coordinated by OFAC
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Main sources of data over Central Africa
Web site with exhaustive information
http://www.observatoire-comifac.net
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Deforestation and management
Cape Town, Feb 2012
EC and protected areas in ACP countries
1) European Union is the main donor for biodiversity conservation in ACP countries
2) Need of information systems based on scientific evidence for setting up funding priorities,
3) Information to be collected cover biodiversity3) Information to be collected cover biodiversityvalue (animal, vegetal, habitat) and threats to biodiversity
4) Environmental issues are multi-scale from local scale (livelihood) to national, regional and global (species extinction…) and there is a need for multi-scale reference data and information systems
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Assessing Protected Areas in Africa
JRC has developed a tool to assess and prioritize
Protected Areas in Africa according to biodiversity values and
threats, using objective, continent-wide datasets
Indicators on anthropogenic pressure and
species irreplaceability
Biodiversity
Pre
ssur
e
Cape Town, Feb 2012
2. Data Management and
Quality Assurance
3. Data integration and analysis
1. Observations and Data Collection
Data collection, management & integration
4. Decision-supportV.1.0
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Assessing Protected Areas in Africa
Analysed:
– 741 protected areas – across 50 countries
Used:
Results of the Assessment of African Protected Areas
– information on 280 mammal, 381 bird and 930 amphibian species
– wide range of climatic, environmental and socioeconomic information
Produced:
– Biodiversity indicators
– Index for habitat irreplaceability
– Indicator for anthropogenic pressure
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Assessment Tool for Protected Areas
DEMO: the Assessment of African Protected Areas
http://bioval.jrc.ec.europa.eu/APAAT/ No Internet
Cape Town, Feb 2012
- Updates/changes are difficult- Maintenance cost very high- Little is automated (no
repeated assessment possible)- Mandate?- …
- Information difficult to reuse- More information exist- Feedback (validation!) is uneasy- How to assess impact of new
parks or loss of parks?- …
User’s perspective? Developer’s perspective?
Assessment Tool for Protected Areas
- …- …
Cape Town, Feb 2012
The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas
a a Digital Observatory for Protected Areas,
http://dopa.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Cape Town, Feb 2012
The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas
1) Environmental issues are Global and there is a need for global reference data and information systems
2) We need to go beyond the boundaries of Protected Areas (connectivity, fragmentation are major issues)Areas (connectivity, fragmentation are major issues)
3) Increase reusability of data, models and IT infrastructure for improved communication and exchange
4) Capture ecological information from the ground as well as from space
5) Automate data exchange and modelling for ensuring repeated assessments
Cape Town, Feb 2012
- Better sharing of data and models- Easy customization of tools- Possible machine to machine communication = integration in more
complex system
Towards web services & Service Oriented Architectures
The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas
Cape Town, Feb 2012
One tool or one set of tools ?
The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas
- Small independent components developed by experts
- Reusable
- Recyclable
Cape Town, Feb 2012
The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas
a a Digital Observatory for Protected Areas,
a LEGO toolbox for biodiversity
http://dopa.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Cape Town, Feb 2012
The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas
DOPA is based on a set
of
Web Services
to Assess,
Monitor, and Forecast
Biodiversity
at the Global Scale
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Examples of Scientific Support: eHabitat
Input thematic maps:
• % tree cover
• % herbaceous cover
• % barren cover
• Elevation
• Slope
• Aridity index
• % water bodies
• NDVI
• NDWI
Habitatmodelling
Mahalanobis Distances,Maximum
Entropy
Climate Change
Agriculture
Deforestation
• OTHERS
eStation Other sources
eHabitat: the climate change scenariohttp://ehabitat.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ehabitat/
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Example 1: Climate shifts in Protected Areas
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Assessing climate shifts in Protected Areas
2010
Cape Town, Feb 2012
2020
Assessing climate shifts in Protected Areas
Cape Town, Feb 2012
2050
Assessing climate shifts in Protected Areas
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Example 2: Exploring climate corridors
Cape Town, Feb 2012
2010
Exploring climate corridors
Cape Town, Feb 2012
2050
Exploring climate corridors
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Example 3: Species list in Protected Areas
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Species list in Protected Areas
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Species list in Protected Areas
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Species list in Protected Areas
Cape Town, Feb 2012
DOPA allows integrated assessments using
independent components
Example of mixing serviceshttp://ehabitat-wps.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dopasimple
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Is this only about technology?
What about Management & Governance?
What about Socio-Economic indicators and the integration of PAs in the local economy?
Limitations of DOPA
What about larger communities of End-Users?
What about larger communities of Contributors?
What about Capacity Building for potential end-users and contributors?
Cape Town, Feb 2012
BIOPAMA
Going beyond a pure scientific & technical exercise, BIOPAMA links with the communities!
BIOPAMA
BIOPAMA
Biodiversity and
Protected Areas Management
in the ACP regions
15 Mio € , European Development Fund (4 years 2011-2015)
Cape Town, Feb 2012
BIOPAMA objectives
General objective
The general objective of the project is to improve the long-
term conservation of biodiversity in Africa, Caribbean and
Pacific regions and reduce the poverty of populations
surrounding PAs.
Specific objective
Based on the best available science and knowledge, to
enhance existing institutions and networks by building their
capacity to strengthen policy and to implement well informed
decisions on biodiversity conservation and protected areas
management, and access and benefit sharing.
Cape Town, Feb 2012
BIOPAMA activities
1. Build a reliable reference information system of Protected Areas including information on:
- biodiversity value and ecosystems behaviour
- pressures and threats to species and PAs
- ecosystem services provided by PAs to local
population.population.
2. Strengthen institutions and networks by building their capacity to implement well informed decisions on biodiversity conservation
3. Creation of a Regional “Observatory for Protected Areas and Biodiversity” in each of the 3 regions (Africa, Caribbean, Pacific).
Cape Town, Feb 2012
• Collect data on Management & Governance from institutions & local actors
• Further collect feedback from the ground (species observations, threats and pressures, land cover change, management & governance, economics, PAs and local
BIOPAMA
Based on the best available science and knowledge, meaning we will also…
management & governance, economics, PAs and local ecosystem services…)
• Engage with more stakeholders to access larger communities of end-users
• Increase the community of contributors, partners and end-users
• Where necessary, develop the capacity building activities targeting the potential end-users and contributors
Cape Town, Feb 2012
BIOPAMA regional deliverables
Regional Observatories for Protected Areas and Biodiversityin each region involved (Africa, Caribbean, Pacific)
1.Adapting the DOPA to the regional needs and available information
2.2.developing and progressively implementing Capacity Building Programmes,
3.Coordinating the support (experts, infrastructure) to national services and regional organizations,
4.facilitating networking of experts and institutions,
5.developing and implementing a Communication and Awareness Raising Programme.
Cape Town, Feb 2012
BIOPAMA: JRC Regional Contact Points
Central Africa Southern Africa Eastern AfricaBurundi Angola Djibouti
Cameroon Botswana EritreaCentral African Republic Comoros Ethiopia
Chad Lesotho KenyaCongo Madagascar Seychelles
Democratic Republic of the Congo Malawi SomaliaEquatorial Guinea Mauritius Sudan
Gabon Mayotte Sudan SouthRwanda Mozambique UgandaRwanda Mozambique Uganda
Sao Tome and Principe Namibia TanzaniaSouth AfricaSwaziland
ZambiaZimbabwe
Philippe Mayaux Gregoire Dubois Andreas Brink
Cape Town, Feb 2012
BIOPAMA: Thematic Structure
Cape Town, Feb 2012
3 examples of research & support activities
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Use of Remote Sensing in BIOPAMA: eStation
African Monitoring of the Environment for
Sustainable Development
eStation
Fires
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Processing Station (PS) Analysis (EMMA) Reporting
eStation: a full processing/analysis/reporting chain
• Format Conversion
• Ad hoc indicators
• GIS tools (MapServer)
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Data received through Eumetcast
SPOT-VGT10 days synthesis
Meteosat SG15 minutes
LandSAF15 minutes
Meteo
Vegetation Dry Matter ProductivityNDVI = vegetation index
Albedo AMV, CDS, CLA, CLAI, CLM, CRM, CSR, CTH, DIV, FIR, FRP, FRE, GII, HPI, IDS, MPE, MSA,
OCA, OLR, SST, TH, TOZ, UTH, VOL
AlbedoAtmospheric fluxes
Land Surface Temperature
Leaf Area IndexFractional Cover
Water
Fires Burned area
Surface Water BodiesNDWI = moisture index
NDVI = vegetation indexLeaf Area IndexFractional Cover
Phenology (start, end…)Vegetation Production Index
Fractional CoverFaPAR
Evapotranspiration
Radiative power
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Fire Monitoring
MODIS products for monitoring fires & assessing pressures
Comoe NP, Ivory Coast
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Environmental Seasonality & Anomalies
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Seasonal monitoring of ecological parameters
Variables to monitor as limiting/driving factors for animal biodiversity
VegetationScarcity of forage at the end of the dry season and beginning of
200
225
250
Closed shrubland with sparse trees/NClosed shrubland/NOpen shrubland with sparse trees/N
Wat
er
Veg
etat
ion
Fire
s
Fire
s
the dry season and beginning of rainy season
WaterScarcity at the end of dry season
FiresEntire dry season
50
75
100
125
150
175
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34
Wat
er
Veg
etat
ion
Fire
s
Fire
s
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Water Bodies
SPOT VGT products for seasonal changes in small water bodies
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Habitat status mapping - Vegetation map
• Land cover mapping for habitat assessment and species distribution and abundance estimation• The Species-Area Relationship
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Habitat status mapping - Territorial integrity
Cape Town, Feb 2012
1984
Habitat change assessment – local scale
Park “W” National Park(Source Landsat TM USGS, analysis JRC)
Cape Town, Feb 2012
2002
AgriculturalIntensification
Habitat change assessment – local scale
AgriculturalIntensification
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Land-cover changes around Park W
51%
17%
14%
18%
Savannah Degraded Savannah
Agriculture - Intensive Agriculture - Mosaic
1975
25%
22%25%
28%
Savannah Degraded Savannah
Agriculture - Intensive Agriculture - Mosaic
2002
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Land cover change – regional scale
Tree cover loss from 1990 till 2000
Tree to other wooded landand other vegetation
(red = deforestationgreen = aforestation)
Loss of wood and shrub land from 1990 till 2000
Other wooded land to other vegetation
(orange = loss of other wooded landgreen = gain of other wooded land)
Assessment of East African vegetation dynamics from the 1990s till 2000A. Brink, C. Bodartin preparation
• Over a period of 10 years, 3.2% of trees have disappeared towards other wooded land and other vegetation cover in about the same proportion
• the average annual net tree loss is 0.3%
• the average annual net wooded land loss is 0.1%
• High dynamic of changes in both directions, positive and negative, occurring in most cases within a same sample site (shifting cultivation, fire-wood extraction)
Cape Town, Feb 2012
BIOPAMA
Setting up the foundations of BIOPAMA
1) Because you are at the same time the potential end-users, contributors and partners, BIOPAMA needs your support
3) Share your information and data, to expose your strengths and weaknesses
4) Share your information and data for quality control and for adding value to your information
5) Share your information and data for reinforcing your mandate
Cape Town, Feb 2012
BIOPAMA
Next daysNext days
Please liaise with your regional JRC contact points!
Cape Town, Feb 2012
Thank you for your attention
The JRC team