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Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Cape Cod
Wastewater Forum
Background – NCS Wastewater Solutions, a division of
Northwest Cascade Inc., Puyallup, WA designs, builds and
operates water and wastewater infrastructure for small
communities and commercial development across the
country.
• Focus is on systems in the 10,000 to 500,000 gallons per day range
• Experience with many/most wastewater technologies now available
• Collection
• Treatment
• Dispersal
• We also now operate as a private utility in Virginia and Georgia
• Sustainability is our overriding design criteria
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Cape Cod
Wastewater Forum
Key Questions:
1. Can Decentralized Systems Achieve Advanced
Nitrogen Reduction TMDL Targets?
2. Are Decentralized Systems Affordable?
- Capital Costs
- Life Cycle Costs
3. What Do Decentralized Systems Look Like
and are they Acceptable to the Community?
4. How Can We Assure Performance?
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Wastewater
Infrastructure Choices
• Home Based (e.g., Well & Septic)
• Subdivision/Sub-Watershed Based
• Community/Watershed Based
• Municipal/Centralized
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Wastewater
Infrastructure Choices
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Treatment Levels
Treatment Performance Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
BOD 30 10 10 5
TSS 30 10 10 5
Total Nitrogen N/A 15 - 20 < 8 < 5
Total Phosphorus N/A N/A N/A < 1
Fecal N/A N/A 200 2.3
Turbidity N/A N/A N/A < 1
Groundwater Standards
Fecal N/A ND ND ND
Nitrate N/A < 5 Anti-Degrade Anti-De
Typical Performance Requirements
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Technology Choice
Puzzle
Collection Technology Choices
Vacuum Sewer
Low Pressure Sewer
Grinder Pumps
STEP
Gravity
Treatment Performance
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
Typical Treatment Technologies
Aerobic Treatment Units (ATU) X X
Packed Bed Recirc Filter (Recirc) X X
Trickling Filter (TF) X X
ATU + Anoxic Reactor X X
Recirc + Anoxic Reactor X X
TF + Anoxic Reactor X X
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) X X
Membrane BioReactor (MBR) X X
Dispersal Technology Choices
Drip
Spray
Low Pressure Trench
Groundwater Injection Well
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Typical Level 2 Treatment
Systems
Fox Glen
Fluvanna County
Virginia
25 Homes
Gravity Collection
< 15 TN
Total Capital Budget
$15,750/EDU
$45/Month
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Typical Level 2 Treatment
Systems
Gilfield CommunityCharles City County VA
Indoor Plumbing Rehab
25 Homes
Low Pressure Sewer w/
Grinder Pumps
Total Capital Budget =
$14,340/EDU
$30/month
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Typical Level 2 Treatment
Systems
Georgia Tech ClubCherokee County GA
235 Single Family Residences
STEP Collection
< 15 TN
Total Capital Budget = $12,125 / EDU
$50/month
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Typical Level 2 Treatment
Systems
Stillwater Coves
384 Homes 116,000 GPD
STEP Collection 18.8 Acre Drip Fields
Total Capital Budget $12,812/ EDU
$45/month
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Is Central Sewer the
Only Way to Level 4?
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Is Central Sewer the
Only Way to Level 4?
Conclusion:
Decentralized
Sewer is a Valid
Option
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Decentralized Installations
< 100,000 GPD
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Decentralized Installations
< 100,000 GPD
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Anne Arundel County MD
Study Conclusions
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Is Decentralized
Level 4 Affordable?
400 Home WatershedTreatment Level 4 Example
• 400 Home Onsite Systems
• 5 – 80 Home Clusters (20,000 gpd each)
• 1 – 400 Home Community Sewer
(100,000 gpd)
• Pump to Municipal Sewer
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Is Decentralized
Level 4 Affordable?
Treatment Level 4 Example
Note: Budget numbers based on actual NCS projects in Virginia and Maryland.
Comparisons will vary considerably from site to site.
80 home 20,000 GPD 100,000 GPD
Low Pressure Gravity Gravity/Lift
Capital Budget
Collection $560,000 $750,000 $2,502,500
Treatment $375,000 $390,000 $2,250,000
Advanced Nitrogen $140,000 $140,000 $0
Dispersal $73,000 $73,000 $300,000
Design and Permits $25,000 $25,000 $100,000
Total Capital $1,173,000 $1,378,000 $5,152,500
Cost/Home $14,663 $17,225 $12,881
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
• Electricity
• Biosolids
• Management
• Replacement Costs
(Amortization/Reserves)
Life Cycle Costs
What We Need to Measure
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Life Cycle Costs
Operations & Management Hrs/Year $/Hr. # Units $/Year
Treatment Plant 24 $45.00 1 $1,080
Samples (BOD/TSS/TN) $125.00 4 $500
Drainfield Dispersal 24 $45.00 1 $1,080
Grinder Pumps 1 $45.00 10 $450
Lift Stations 8 $45.00 1 $360
Telephone/Vericom Service $60.00 12 $720
Emergency Response 24 $45.00 1 $1,080
VDH Reports $45.00 1 $45
Total $5,315
Electricity Kwh/Yr. $/KwH # Units $/Year
Lift Station 1,474 $0.12 1 $177
Treatment Plant 11,684 $0.12 1 $1,402
Drainfield Dispersal 3,935 $0.12 1 $472
Grinder Pumps 105 $0.12 10 $126
Total $2,177
Gal./Yr. $/Gal. $/Year
Sludge Pumping & Hauling 10,000 $0.10 $1,000
Materials/Equip Replacement Life (Yrs) Unit Cost # Units $/Year
Treatment Plant
Pumps 15 $1,980 2 $264
Control Panel 10 $4,100 1 $410
Drainfield Dispersal
Pumps 15 $1,500 2 $200
Hydrotek Valve 10 $450 2 $90
Control Panel 15 $1,500 1 $100
Sewage Pumps & Controls
Grinder Pumps & Controls 10 $1,009 10 $1,009
Lift Stations & Controls 15 $3,500 2 $467
Total Reserve $2,540
Operating Overhead & Profit $1,655
TOTAL $12,687
$/Mo./Residence $24.59
Example Life
Cycle Cost Analysis
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Life Cycle Costs
Example Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Annual Costs Technology A Technology B
Operations & Management $5,315 $4,595
Electricity $2,177 $9,560
Sludge Pumping & Hauling $1,000 $1,500
Materials & Equipment Replacement $2,540 $3,315
Operating Overhead and Profit $1,655 $2,845
Total Annual Costs $12,687 $21,815
Monthly Cost/Residence $24.59 $42.28
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Performance
Assurance
Our Formula for Performance Assurance:
1. Design/Build/Manage• Public and Private
2. Use our own in-house design team
3. Use our own experienced construction crews• Lots of airplane miles
4. Over design (significant safety factors)• Particularly for nutrient reduction
5. Always flow equalize
6. Where we can, utilize standardized components
7. Life cycle costing
8. Utility Operating Structure• We hold the operating permit and are accountable to the state
• Post performance/maintenance bonds
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Private Utility
Case Study
Coweta Crossroads Sewer LLC
• Formed October 2001 Coweta County GA
• 24,000 GPD permit through Georgia EPD
• 24 Tenants charged monthly rate negotiated
at time of Lease Signing
• Each Tenant allocated lbs./month BOD & FOG
• $154,000 Maintenance Bond
• NCS responsible to EPD for performance
Lightning!
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Financial Security
Stillwater Coves116,000 GPD 18.8 Acre Drip Fields
NCS Maintenance Bond = $230,340
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Utility Structure
Why It Works
• Design/Build/Operate Accountability
• Predictable Monthly Budget for
for Homeowners (no surprises or
discretion)
• Regulatory Oversight of Rates
• Rates include Reserves for Replacement
• Operating Permits through the State
• States are more apt to take Enforcement
Action against a Private Utility
Sustainable Water and
Wastewater Infrastructure… for Today and Tomorrow.
Cape Cod
Wastewater Forum
What Questions?
Web site: www.ncswastewater.com
Email: [email protected]