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Capability Maturity Model

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Reflection Have you ever been a part of, or observed, a difficult software development effort? How did the difficulty surface? What made it difficult? How was the difficulty addressed? Was the difficulty addressed?

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The Typical Development Problem The system is Late Over cost Lacking full functionality Doesnt meet specifications

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Characteristics of Immature Development No general understanding of the process or how a specific activity fits Not documented Not disseminated No faith in the process I have to take care of everything No measurement of efficiency or effectiveness No way to judge success No way to address problems No way to clearly identify needs e.g., infrastructure for development

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Characteristics of Immature Development Grab the FIRE HOSE Reactionary A lack of control

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Control Required Elements: A well-defined goal state A correct picture of the current state An ability to compare the two states An ability to draw a valid conclusion based upon the comparison An ability to design appropriate change An ability to implement the change Absence of any one element restricts control

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Characteristics of Mature Development Processes are known Responsibilities are clear Players have confidence in the process framework They are disciplined

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From Whence CMM Came? Carnegie Mellon University chosen by US government to head effort to improve software and systems development Note: CMM seeks to improve the development PROCESS not the product of the process

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Software Engineering Institute Established by the US government (DoD) Housed at Carnegie Mellon University See http://www.sei.cmu.edu/http://www.sei.cmu.edu/ Its core purpose is to help organizations improve their software engineering capabilities and develop or acquire the right software, defect free, within budget and on time, every time.

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CMMI Institute Oversight of CMMI transferred to the CMMI Institute Still housed at CMU For more information, see http://cmmiinstitute.com/http://cmmiinstitute.com/

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From Whence It Came? Watts Humphrey, formerly of IBM, at the forefront Demings Total Quality Management

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TQM The application of quantitative methods and human resources to improve the materials and services provided as inputs to an organization and to improve all of the processes within the organization

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Where Does the Customer Fit? CMM sees the client in a contractual relationship, a part of the process User satisfaction is not THE direct, stated goal of CMM IS that expectation reasonable?

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Pillars of the CMM Model Based on actual practices Reflects the best state of the practices Reflects needs of individuals performing software process improvement and software process appraisals Documented Publicly available

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Some Definitions Process Sequence of steps to accomplish a given purpose Software process Set of activities, methods, practices and transformations used to develop and maintain software

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Some Definitions Software process capability Range of anticipated results from the process Software process performance Actual results achieved through applying the process Software process maturity Degree to which the process is Defined Managed Measured Controlled Effective

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CMM Addresses... Processes How they exist and are changed People Attitudes toward and involvement in the process and its structure Technology Why and how technology is introduced to support the process Measurement How data about the process and product are obtained and used

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CMM Models Continuous Model Focuses on individual process areas Reflected in capability levels Useful for internal improvement Staged Model Focuses on the entire model Reflected in maturity levels Applicable with external appraisals

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Maturity Levels A specified stage in moving toward a mature software process An indicator of maturity, an organizations capability to produce software in an organized and predictable manner allowing for improvements to the development process A status symbol?

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The CMM for Software (SW-CMM) The Five Maturity Levels Initial Repeatable Defined Managed Optimizing

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The CMM for Software (SW-CMM) From The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process

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Initial Level One Software process is Ad hoc Chaotic Undefined Tied to individual standards

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The CMM for Software (SW-CMM) From The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process

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Repeatable Level Two Processes track cost, schedule and functionality Can repeat the process on a like development project

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The CMM for Software (SW-CMM) From The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process

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Defined Level Three Processes for engineering AND management are Documented Standardized Integrated ALL processes follow the standard, that has been tailored to the organization, for development and maintenance

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The CMM for Software (SW-CMM) From The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process

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Managed Level Four Detailed measures are collected for The development/maintenance process The quality of the software product Process and product control is based on quantitative analysis of measurement results For a survey of software assurance measurement, see http://resources.sei.cmu.edu/asset_files/TechnicalNote/2 013_004_001_72891.pdf http://resources.sei.cmu.edu/asset_files/TechnicalNote/2 013_004_001_72891.pdf

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The CMM for Software (SW-CMM) From The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process

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Optimizing Level Five Improvement is continuous through ongoing feedback and modification of the process New ideas and technologies are explored and evaluated through measurements

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Management View Improves From The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process

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Progress Through Levels Progress through levels should be linear Skipping a level is difficult e.g., it is difficult to measure and compare against a standard (level 4) unless the standards have been identified (level 3) Specific exploratory use of a higher level may give insight into the migration path through the levels, but it will be difficult without a firm underlying foundation

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The Structure of CMM Maturity Levels Indicate process capability Contain Key Process Areas Achieve Goals Organized by Common Features Address implementation or institutionalization Contain Key Practices Describe activities of infrastructure

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From Capability Maturity Model for Software, Version 1.1 Fig 3.3 An example of the structure of CMM

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Expected Results of CMM Improved predictability Time, cost, people, Improved control Improved effectiveness (quality)

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Expected Results of CMM From The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process

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CMMI(ntegrated) CMM, as a foundation, is now applied to different organizational processes: CMMI-Software Engineering (SW) Developing software systems Systems Engineering (SE) Systems which may or may not involve software

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CMMI(ntegrated) CMM, as a foundation, is now applied to different organizational processes: Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD) An extension of other selected approach(es) with emphasis on integration with other processes Supplier Sourcing (SS) When project development incorporates suppliers into the project

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CMMI(ntegrated) These areas are now placed in three categories: CMMI-DEV engineering and development processes in an organization that develops products CMMI-SVC management and service delivery processes CMMI-ACQ supplier management processes

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CMMI As different CMM models were developed for these areas, CMMI integrates the models into one common structure CMMI varies from CMM

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Comparison of Levels CMM Initial Repeatable Defined Managed Optimizing CMMI Initial Managed Defined Quantitatively managed Optimizing

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CMM / CMMI An extensive mapping of components between the models is availableextensive mapping

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Assessing Your Level SCAMPI Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement Assessments may be done internally or by an external SCAMPI Lead Appraiser SEI provides training to become a Lead Appraiser

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Where Do Organizations Stand? See annual profiles of organizations seeking SCAMPI appraisals at http://cmmiinstitute.com/resource/process- maturity-profiles/ http://cmmiinstitute.com/resource/process- maturity-profiles/

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Criticisms of CMM/CMMI CMM is not comprehensive enough Does not address reuse Does not completely describe the real development world High cost to progress through CMM There is a risk of failure (no ROI) May lead to bureaucratic rigidity Capable and Mature? By Gary H. Anthes, ComputerWorld, Dec 15, 1997

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Support for CMM Establishes a common framework for addressing the software development process Provides an object assessment method of an organizations development process Is based upon substantial experiences by a variety of organizations

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The Complete Picture For the complete description of CMMI- DEV, see http://cmmiinstitute.com/assets/reports /10tr033.pdf http://cmmiinstitute.com/assets/reports /10tr033.pdf

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