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1880

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Temperatureanomaly(C)

Year

Annual mean5-year mean

Global temperature(meteorological stations)

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1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

380

360

340

320

300

280

260

CO

2

concentration(ppmbyvolume)

Year

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1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

CO

2

(ppm)

380

370

360

350

340

330

320

310

Year

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100

Altitude(km)

200 300 500 1000 20001000

10010

0

1101

103

105

106

107

300

200

100

Temperature (K)

Pressure(millilbars)Ionosphere

(504000 km)

Thermosphere(85500 km) Auroras

ice clouds

Meteors burnO3formed

Mesosphere (5085 km)

Mesopause

Stratopause

TropopauseStratosphere

Troposphere (Weather)

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Equator

S

N

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Polar easterlies

Polar easterlies

60N

30N

30S

60SS

N

Equator

Prevailing westerlies

Prevailing westerlies

Horse latitudes

Horse latitudes

Northeast trade winds

Southeast trade winds

Doldrums

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60N

30N

N

Equator

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(I) symmetric(= 0.341 rad s1)

(II) steady waves(= 1.19 rad s1)

(III) irregular(= 5.02 rad s1)

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