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Exploring Models of Effective Primary and Secondary e-Learning
Michael K. BarbourAssistant Professor
Wayne State University
History of Primary & Secondary Distance Education in North America
History of Primary & SecondaryE-Learning in North America
E-Learning Environment
T = Teacher F = Facilitator/proctor A =Administrator/Guidance
S = Student P = Parent IT = Technology Coordinator
Virtual School Designer: Course Development•design instructional materials•works in team with teachers and a virtual
school to construct the online course, etc.
Virtual School Teacher: Pedagogy & Class Management•presents activities, manages pacing,
rigor, etc.•interacts with students and their
facilitators•undertakes assessment, grading, etc.
Virtual School Site Facilitator: Mentoring & Advocating•local mentor and advocate for student(s)•proctors & records grades, etc.
Davis (2007)
Three Roles of E-Learning Teachers
• Serve as the local “eyes and ears” for the online instructor
• Track student progress
• Communicate with the online instructor, school administration and parents
• Address any concerns to staff and the help desk
• Assign final grade to the student after the percentile score is submitted by the online instructor
• Help student stay on track and successfully progress through the course
Importance of the School-Based Personnel
Teacher Education Goes Into Virtual Schooling (Iowa State University)
http://ctlt.iastate.edu/~tegivs/TEGIVS/homepage.html
Teacher Education Goes Into Virtual Schooling (Iowa State University)
http://ctlt.iastate.edu/~tegivs/TEGIVS/homepage.html
Supporting K-12 Online Learning in Michigan (Wayne State University)
http://itlab2.coe.wayne.edu/it6230/michigan/
E-Learning Environment
Importance of the Learning Coach
• Performs the oversight function
• Assists with student motivation
• Encourages student to seek help
• Regular access with online instructor and to learning management system
E-Learning Environment
• Often use database-driven courses
• Presence of subject matter teachers in lab space
- also perform motivational and oversight role
• Lab space generally open non-traditional hours
• Students have required lab time
- can earn more unsupervised time
Characteristics of Successful e-Learners
• Self-motivated
• Independent learner
• Computer literate
• Time management
• Effective writing skills
• Personal commitment
Educational Success Prediction Instrument
• Access to and expertise with computers
• Organization and self-regulation
• Beliefs about achievement
• Responsibility
• Risk-taking
Roblyer, M. D., Davis, L., Mills, S. C., Marshall, J., & Pape, L. (2008) Toward practical procedures for predicting and promoting success in virtual school students. American Journal of Distance Education, 22(2), 90–109.
WhatElseDoWeKnowfromtheResearch?
DifficultywithPrimaryandSecondaryE‐LearningResearch
OnlineCourseDesign
Barbour(2005;2007)
7principlesofeffec<veonlinecoursecontentforadolescentlearners
Interviewswithteachersandcoursedevelopersatasinglevirtualschool,withnoverifica<onofwhethertheinterviewees’percep<onswereactuallyeffec<veoranystudentinputatallforthatmaHer.
OnlineTeaching
DiPietroetal.(2008)
37bestprac<cesinasynchronousonlineteaching
Interviewswithteachersatasinglevirtualschoolselectedbythevirtualschoolitself.Theirteachers’beliefswerenotvalidatedthroughobserva<onoftheteachingorstudentperformance.
WhatWeDoKnow
TeachersandTeachingMaAer• Providingforma<veevalua<on(d=0.90)
• Microteaching(d=0.88)
• Teacherclarity(d=0.75)
• Providingfeedback(d=0.73)
• Teacher‐studentrela<onships(d=0.72)
• Teachingstrategies(d=0.60)
• Coopera<vevs.individualis<clearning(d=0.59)
• Studyskills(d=0.59)
• Directinstruc<on(d=0.59)
• Masterylearning(d=0.58)
• Workedexamples(d=0.57)
• Conceptmapping(d=0.57)
• Goals(d=0.56)
• Peertutoring(d=0.55)
• Coopera<vevs.compe<<velearning(d=0.54)
Two Key Points• Introducing
technology alone is never enough.
• Big gains in productivity come when new technologies are combined with new ways of doing business.
Two Key Points• Introducing
technology alone is never enough.
• Big gains in education come when new technologies are combined with new ways of teaching.