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A Study in Canine A Study in Canine Health Health Hope Turner April 2010

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An investigation via a survey taken across 3 continents, into the health effects of what we put in our animals.

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Page 1: Canine health 03

A Study in Canine Health A Study in Canine Health

Hope TurnerApril 2010

Page 2: Canine health 03

AbstractAbstract

Achieving a consensus of Achieving a consensus of canine health from an canine health from an online survey, taking into online survey, taking into account all aspects of account all aspects of canine life. Concluding that canine life. Concluding that dogs fed raw food as dogs fed raw food as opposed to cooked food opposed to cooked food and either vaccinated once and either vaccinated once or not at all are healthier.or not at all are healthier.

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InspirationInspiration My pet cat died of renal failure aged 16 My pet cat died of renal failure aged 16 (most common reason for pet death)(most common reason for pet death)

My pet dog died of cancer aged 5,My pet dog died of cancer aged 5,as did her relation from the same kennelsas did her relation from the same kennels

Bought a Bengal kitten raised on raw Bought a Bengal kitten raised on raw – he was extremely healthy, his litter he was extremely healthy, his litter brother (fed cooked wet food) lost brother (fed cooked wet food) lost most of his teethmost of his teeth

My 5 month old pups’ broken leg healed My 5 month old pups’ broken leg healed in half the time expected by the vet, this pup in half the time expected by the vet, this pup was fed raw foodwas fed raw food

Dr. Ian Billinghurst - BARFDr. Ian Billinghurst - BARF

Catherine O’DriscollCatherine O’Driscoll– survey concluded that raw feeding survey concluded that raw feeding reduced vet visits by 85%reduced vet visits by 85%

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IntroductionIntroduction The premise of this survey is to find out what The premise of this survey is to find out what

factors effect the health of a dog, and which are the factors effect the health of a dog, and which are the best practices for Canine Healthbest practices for Canine Health

It took 2.5 million years for the organ humans originally had to It took 2.5 million years for the organ humans originally had to digest raw meat to become an appendix, (due to eating digest raw meat to become an appendix, (due to eating cooked meat) i.e. approx 100,000 human generationscooked meat) i.e. approx 100,000 human generations

Pre-packaged cooked dog food has been in the UK since the 1930’s (80 years) Pre-packaged cooked dog food has been in the UK since the 1930’s (80 years) i.e. approx 40 canine generationsi.e. approx 40 canine generations

What makes us think that 40 as opposed to 100,000 generations is enough What makes us think that 40 as opposed to 100,000 generations is enough time for our pet carnivores to adjust their digestive systems to cope with time for our pet carnivores to adjust their digestive systems to cope with cooked food?cooked food?

= 99.8%(Wayne, 1993)

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HypothesisHypothesis

What we put in our carnivores does not What we put in our carnivores does not make a difference as to health and longevitymake a difference as to health and longevity

What we put in our carnivores does make a What we put in our carnivores does make a difference as to health and longevitydifference as to health and longevity

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MethodMethod An in depth survey was hosted on the An in depth survey was hosted on the

internet (www.tiamaat.co.cc) and completed internet (www.tiamaat.co.cc) and completed by dog owners across 3 continentsby dog owners across 3 continents

This data was automatically collected in This data was automatically collected in a .csv file online and extracted into an excel a .csv file online and extracted into an excel databasedatabase

All costs were converted to pounds sterlingAll costs were converted to pounds sterling

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ResultsResultsFood & Veterinary Costs and VisitsFood & Veterinary Costs and Visits

Table1

Food & Veterinary Costs and Veterinary Visits per Dog

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47

Dogs - first 34 Raw fed, rest Cooked fed

Cost

/Vet

Vis

its

food cost pcm

lifetime vet cost

lifetime vet visits

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Veterinary Visits per regularly vaccinated/non or once Veterinary Visits per regularly vaccinated/non or once vaccinated dogvaccinated dog

Table 2

Veterinary Visits Per Year for Regularly Vaccinated and Non or Once Vaccinated dogs

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47

Dogs

Vete

rinar

y Vi

sits

Annual Vaccination

Never Vaccinated or only once

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Descriptive StatisticsDescriptive Statistics

Table 3

Descriptive Statistics

80.61764706 42 0 103.4513592

1164.333333

400 400

2490.225798

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Ave RAW MedianRAW

Mode RAW STD DEVRAW

Ave Cooked MedianCooked

ModeCooked

STD DEVCooked

Statistics

Cost

s/Ve

terin

ary

Visi

ts food cost pcm

lifetime vet cost

lifetime vet visits

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Other data of interestOther data of interest 85% of non stressed dogs were non/once vaccinated85% of non stressed dogs were non/once vaccinated 73% of regularly vaccinated dogs were stressed73% of regularly vaccinated dogs were stressed All regularly vaccinated, raw fed dogs were stressedAll regularly vaccinated, raw fed dogs were stressed No non/once vaccinated, cooked fed dogs were stressedNo non/once vaccinated, cooked fed dogs were stressed 85% of non stressed non/once vaccinated dogs were raw fed85% of non stressed non/once vaccinated dogs were raw fed

56% of raw fed dogs had never or only once seen a vet 56% of raw fed dogs had never or only once seen a vet (with median visits 1)(with median visits 1) All cooked fed dogs had seen a vet at least twice All cooked fed dogs had seen a vet at least twice (with median visits 10)(with median visits 10)

Earliest onset of Arthritis was 3 yrs old in a cooked fed dog, there were no Earliest onset of Arthritis was 3 yrs old in a cooked fed dog, there were no occurrences of arthritis in raw fed dogsoccurrences of arthritis in raw fed dogs

Of the diseases caught:Of the diseases caught:– ParvoParvo

The dog had either not been vaccinated for 6 years or never been vaccinatedThe dog had either not been vaccinated for 6 years or never been vaccinated– Kennel Cough Kennel Cough

Dogs (4) had never been vaccinatedDogs (4) had never been vaccinated– all dogs survivedall dogs survived

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DiscussionDiscussion As observed in Tables 1 & 3 the cost of feeding As observed in Tables 1 & 3 the cost of feeding

cooked food was on average higher than that of cooked food was on average higher than that of feeding raw foodfeeding raw food

Also the veterinary costs and visits were Also the veterinary costs and visits were significantly higher in those feed cooked dietssignificantly higher in those feed cooked diets

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Nutrition is KeyNutrition is Key

Research/experiments performed by Price Research/experiments performed by Price (1939) & Pottenger (1932-1942), show that (1939) & Pottenger (1932-1942), show that the health of an animal is dependent on its the health of an animal is dependent on its nutrition, and the nutritional health down the nutrition, and the nutritional health down the genetic linegenetic line

Whilst pet food manufacturers promote Whilst pet food manufacturers promote cooked food for optimum health, carnivorous cooked food for optimum health, carnivorous wild and zoo animals (genetically related to wild and zoo animals (genetically related to our pets) don’t cookour pets) don’t cook

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Pet Food Production ProcessPet Food Production Process Pre-packaged food:Pre-packaged food:

– Dry Food Dry Food pre-cooked ingredientspre-cooked ingredients extrusion cooked (under steam/pressure)extrusion cooked (under steam/pressure) formed and baked – then coated in oilformed and baked – then coated in oil

– Canned Food Canned Food Pre-cooked ingredientsPre-cooked ingredients Heat CookedHeat Cooked Sterilised (Sterilised (Pedigree Pet Foods, 1993Pedigree Pet Foods, 1993))

Meat & animal derivatives are usually between 4% & 30% of the Meat & animal derivatives are usually between 4% & 30% of the content (most of the rest is grain)content (most of the rest is grain)

Dogs do not have the structure for lateral jaw movement nor the Dogs do not have the structure for lateral jaw movement nor the dentition necessary to masticate plant matterdentition necessary to masticate plant matter

Dogs do not produce enough of the enzyme necessary (amylase) to Dogs do not produce enough of the enzyme necessary (amylase) to digest carbohydrates (the main ingredient in commercial pet food) – digest carbohydrates (the main ingredient in commercial pet food) – the resulting difference can be observed in their scatthe resulting difference can be observed in their scat

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Pet Food IngredientsPet Food Ingredients In order to retain a hold on this £2 billion a year UK industry, (PFMA, 2010) Pet In order to retain a hold on this £2 billion a year UK industry, (PFMA, 2010) Pet

Food Manufacturers invest heavily in research of how to include all relevant Food Manufacturers invest heavily in research of how to include all relevant nutrients and improve the health of the consumer (nutrients and improve the health of the consumer (Pedigree Pet Foods, 1993Pedigree Pet Foods, 1993), ), even so far as identifying a way to estimate the DNA damage of day to day even so far as identifying a way to estimate the DNA damage of day to day living. (Waltham, 2010)living. (Waltham, 2010)

The ingredients (waste from the human food industry) have to be cooked due The ingredients (waste from the human food industry) have to be cooked due to the large quantities of bacteria they hold (i.e. salmonella) and how badly they to the large quantities of bacteria they hold (i.e. salmonella) and how badly they have gone off.have gone off.

The meat is often rancid, and has to be sterilised, this is done by spraying with The meat is often rancid, and has to be sterilised, this is done by spraying with citronella (a known carcinogen).citronella (a known carcinogen).

Animal derivatives are of little to no nutritional value / indigestible (feathers, Animal derivatives are of little to no nutritional value / indigestible (feathers, horns, hooves etc.) but add to protein levels.horns, hooves etc.) but add to protein levels.

Vitamins and minerals are added because the cooking process has to continue Vitamins and minerals are added because the cooking process has to continue for so long, that almost no nutrients are left in the initial ingredients, for so long, that almost no nutrients are left in the initial ingredients, unfortunately these levels are often toxic.unfortunately these levels are often toxic.

Anti-oxidents are added to combat the rancid materials. (O’Driscoll, 2005)Anti-oxidents are added to combat the rancid materials. (O’Driscoll, 2005)

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Pottenger’s CatsPottenger’s CatsA Study in NutritionA Study in Nutrition

900 cats over 10 years900 cats over 10 years– Fed 2/3 meat to 1/3 milk and cod liver oilFed 2/3 meat to 1/3 milk and cod liver oil– 1 Group raw1 Group raw– 1 Group cooked1 Group cooked

((This is the only published study comparing a cooked and raw diet, all This is the only published study comparing a cooked and raw diet, all others compare cooked with cooked.)others compare cooked with cooked.)

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Pottenger’s ResultsPottenger’s Results Raw diet produced:Raw diet produced:

– optimal healthoptimal health– good bone structure and densitygood bone structure and density– wide palates with plenty of space for teeth wide palates with plenty of space for teeth – shiny furshiny fur– no parasites or disease no parasites or disease – reproductive easereproductive ease– gentlenessgentleness

Cooked diet produced: Cooked diet produced: – heterogeneous reproductionheterogeneous reproduction– physical degeneration, increasing with each generationphysical degeneration, increasing with each generation– vermin and parasites aboundedvermin and parasites abounded– skin diseases and allergies increased from 5% to over 90%skin diseases and allergies increased from 5% to over 90%– bones became soft and pliable. bones became soft and pliable. – suffered from:suffered from:

adverse personality changesadverse personality changes hypothyroidismhypothyroidism most of the degenerative diseases encountered in human medicinemost of the degenerative diseases encountered in human medicine

– They became totally sterile by the fourth generation. (Pottenger, 1983)They became totally sterile by the fourth generation. (Pottenger, 1983)

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Cooked fed kittens varied in size, many of which mutated

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Evidence of mutation in dogsEvidence of mutation in dogs

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VaccinationsVaccinations As observed in Table 2, the average veterinary visits significantly increased As observed in Table 2, the average veterinary visits significantly increased

with annual vaccinationwith annual vaccination

Of the diseases caught, all dogs bounced back without having had a vaccine Of the diseases caught, all dogs bounced back without having had a vaccine within 12 months of the infection, backing the premise that annual vaccination within 12 months of the infection, backing the premise that annual vaccination is un-necessaryis un-necessary

In 1997 Canine Health Concern performed a survey of 3,800 dogs, finding that In 1997 Canine Health Concern performed a survey of 3,800 dogs, finding that of illnesses reported:of illnesses reported:– 66% occurred within 3 months of vaccination66% occurred within 3 months of vaccination– 49% within 30 days of vaccination49% within 30 days of vaccination– 29% within 7 days of vaccination29% within 7 days of vaccination

A study at Purdue University, shows that A study at Purdue University, shows that annual vaccination causes a range of annual vaccination causes a range of Immune-mediated diseases including:Immune-mediated diseases including:

– Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Addison’s Disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Addison’s Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus, Erythamatosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus, Erythamatosus, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura, Haemolytic anaemia, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura, Haemolytic anaemia, Chronic active hepatitis, Diabetes mellitus, Hypofonadism, Chronic active hepatitis, Diabetes mellitus, Hypofonadism, Myasthenia gravis, Pemhigus vitiligo, Glomerulonephritis, Myasthenia gravis, Pemhigus vitiligo, Glomerulonephritis, Alopecia, Grave’s disease, Hypoparathyroidism, Seizures Alopecia, Grave’s disease, Hypoparathyroidism, Seizures & Uveitis& Uveitis (O’Driscoll, 2005)(O’Driscoll, 2005)

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Personal LearningPersonal Learning Canine Health Concern Canine Health Concern

– Foundation in Canine Health CareFoundation in Canine Health Care

Parvo Virus exposure–Parvo Virus exposure–33rdrd generation raw fed pups generation raw fed pups showed no signs of contraction, showed no signs of contraction, 22ndnd generation raw fed dogs & pups generation raw fed dogs & pupshomoeopathically vaccinated got homoeopathically vaccinated got over it in 3 days or did not contract,over it in 3 days or did not contract,11stst generation raw fed, chemically generation raw fed, chemically vaccinated adults almost diedvaccinated adults almost died

My current 4th generation raw fed/non chemically vaccinated dogs, have never My current 4th generation raw fed/non chemically vaccinated dogs, have never been illbeen ill

Oral surveys on raw feedingOral surveys on raw feeding– People were interested but intimidated by the thought of the responsibility of creating People were interested but intimidated by the thought of the responsibility of creating

a balanced diet for their pet, (while they don’t question their ability to do so for a balanced diet for their pet, (while they don’t question their ability to do so for themselves)themselves)

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The Rise of Veterinary CostsThe Rise of Veterinary Costs Since 2000 UK consumers have increasingly switched from wet to dry dog Since 2000 UK consumers have increasingly switched from wet to dry dog

food, resulting in an increase of 71% of the market share (PFMA, 2010)food, resulting in an increase of 71% of the market share (PFMA, 2010)

2000 the average UK Veterinary visit cost £62.01 (Bruce, 2001)2000 the average UK Veterinary visit cost £62.01 (Bruce, 2001) 2009 the average UK Veterinary visit cost £254 (Petwise, 2009)2009 the average UK Veterinary visit cost £254 (Petwise, 2009)

Veterinary costs on average have risen Veterinary costs on average have risen 410%410% over the last 9 years over the last 9 years

The cost of veterinary supplies in this time has risen 154% (Marshall, 2010)The cost of veterinary supplies in this time has risen 154% (Marshall, 2010) The starting salary for a vet has not changed in 5 years (SPVS, 2010)The starting salary for a vet has not changed in 5 years (SPVS, 2010) Inflation since 2000 has risen 28%Inflation since 2000 has risen 28% Corporate profits in the services industry are down 18% (ONS, 2010)Corporate profits in the services industry are down 18% (ONS, 2010) Therefore this cost increase cannot be all down to the rise in running costsTherefore this cost increase cannot be all down to the rise in running costs

Conclusion :Conclusion : Feeding dried food has increased,Feeding dried food has increased,

average veterinary costs have risen, average veterinary costs have risen, and average pet health has declinedand average pet health has declined

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QuotesQuotes Dr. R. L. WysongDr. R. L. Wysong

– ‘‘‘‘100% complete and balanced’ food may … be literally 100% complete and balanced’ food may … be literally poisoning the animal with the blessings of the entire poisoning the animal with the blessings of the entire academic, professional, scientific, governmental and academic, professional, scientific, governmental and industrial pet food establishment.’industrial pet food establishment.’

Dr. D. S. KronfeldDr. D. S. Kronfeld – 'Have you ever seen a dog attack a wheat field?''Have you ever seen a dog attack a wheat field?'

Hope TurnerHope Turner– ””Have you ever seen a wolf with a kettle?”Have you ever seen a wolf with a kettle?”

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ConclusionConclusion Feeding cooked food costs twice that of feeding raw food Feeding cooked food costs twice that of feeding raw food

(average saving £240 per year)(average saving £240 per year)

Veterinary costs and visits are 10 times higher for cooked Veterinary costs and visits are 10 times higher for cooked fed dogs than raw fed dogs (average saving £1100)fed dogs than raw fed dogs (average saving £1100)

Regularly vaccinated dogs require 14 times the number of Regularly vaccinated dogs require 14 times the number of veterinary visits veterinary visits per yearper year, and are 6 times more likely to be , and are 6 times more likely to be stressed, than non/once vaccinated dogsstressed, than non/once vaccinated dogs

The healthiest, least stressed dogs on the whole, were fed The healthiest, least stressed dogs on the whole, were fed raw and non/once vaccinated raw and non/once vaccinated

It costs 7 times less to have a healthier, happier dogIt costs 7 times less to have a healthier, happier dog

Therefore the hypothesis Therefore the hypothesis “What we put in our carnivores “What we put in our carnivores does make a difference as to health and longevity” does make a difference as to health and longevity” is validis valid

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References/BibliographyReferences/Bibliography Billinghurst, I., 2001, Billinghurst, I., 2001, The BARF DietThe BARF Diet, Ian Billinghurst, Australia, Ian Billinghurst, Australia Bruce, K., 2001, Bruce, K., 2001, Dog Owners Voice Concern Over High Vet FeesDog Owners Voice Concern Over High Vet Fees, K9 Online, K9 Media Solutions Ltd, Notts, , K9 Online, K9 Media Solutions Ltd, Notts,

from: from: http://www.pressbox.co.uk/detailed/International/Dog_Owners_Voice_Concern_Over_High_Vet_Fees_1064.hhttp://www.pressbox.co.uk/detailed/International/Dog_Owners_Voice_Concern_Over_High_Vet_Fees_1064.html (accessed 07/04/2010)tml (accessed 07/04/2010)

Case, L. P., Carey, D. P., Hirakawa, D. A. & Daristotle, L., 2000, Case, L. P., Carey, D. P., Hirakawa, D. A. & Daristotle, L., 2000, Canine & Feline NutritionCanine & Feline Nutrition, Moseby Inc, , Moseby Inc, MissouriMissouri

Gough, A. & Thomas, A., 2004, Gough, A. & Thomas, A., 2004, Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and CatsBreed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, , Blackwell Publishing Ltd, OxfordOxford

Kay, W. J., 1990, Kay, W. J., 1990, The Complete Book of Dog HealthThe Complete Book of Dog Health, Howell Book House, New York, Howell Book House, New York Kelly, N. & Wills, J., 1996, Kelly, N. & Wills, J., 1996, Manual of Comparison Animal Nutrition & FeedingManual of Comparison Animal Nutrition & Feeding, British Small Animal Veterinary , British Small Animal Veterinary

Association, CheltenhamAssociation, Cheltenham Lonsdale, T., 2001, Lonsdale, T., 2001, Raw Meaty Bones: Promote HealthRaw Meaty Bones: Promote Health, Rivetco, New South Wales, Rivetco, New South Wales Marshall, B., 2010, Marshall, B., 2010, Telephone Call – 08/04/10Telephone Call – 08/04/10, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey , Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey

(http://www.defra.gov.uk/vla/)(http://www.defra.gov.uk/vla/) Martin, A. N., 2003, Martin, A. N., 2003, Food Pets Die ForFood Pets Die For, NewSage Press, Oregon, NewSage Press, Oregon Mazuri, 1995, Mazuri, 1995, Zoo Foods – The Source of Balanced DietsZoo Foods – The Source of Balanced Diets, Mazuri, Witham Essex, Mazuri, Witham Essex McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D. & Morgan, C. A., 1995, McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D. & Morgan, C. A., 1995, Animal NutritionAnimal Nutrition, Addison Wesley , Addison Wesley

Longman, Harlow, EssexLongman, Harlow, Essex O’Driscoll, C., 2005, O’Driscoll, C., 2005, Shock to the SystemShock to the System, Abbeywood Publishing (Vaccines) Ltd, London, Abbeywood Publishing (Vaccines) Ltd, London ONS, 2010, ONS, 2010, Corporate ProfitabilityCorporate Profitability, Office for National Statistics, from: , Office for National Statistics, from:

http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=196 (accessed 08/04/2010)http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=196 (accessed 08/04/2010) Pedigree Pet Foods, 1993, Pedigree Pet Foods, 1993, Product InformationProduct Information, Waltham, Leicester, Waltham, Leicester Petwise, 2009, Petwise, 2009, Why Insure your Pet?,Why Insure your Pet?, Petwise Health Insurance, from: Petwise Health Insurance, from:

http://www.petwise-insurance.co.uk/pages/whyinsure.asp (accessed 07/04/2010)http://www.petwise-insurance.co.uk/pages/whyinsure.asp (accessed 07/04/2010) PFMA, 2010, Pet Food Manufacturers Association, London (http://www.pfma.org.uk/)PFMA, 2010, Pet Food Manufacturers Association, London (http://www.pfma.org.uk/) Pottenger, F., 1983, Pottenger, F., 1983, Pottenger’s Cats – A Study in NutritionPottenger’s Cats – A Study in Nutrition, Price-Pottenger Foundation Inc, California, Price-Pottenger Foundation Inc, California Price, W. A., 1970, Price, W. A., 1970, Nutrition and Physical DegenerationNutrition and Physical Degeneration, Price-Pottenger Foundation Inc, California, Price-Pottenger Foundation Inc, California SPVS, 2010, Society of Practicing Veterinary Surgeons, Warwick (http://spvs.org.uk)SPVS, 2010, Society of Practicing Veterinary Surgeons, Warwick (http://spvs.org.uk) Waltham, 2010, Waltham, 2010, Research BreakthroughResearch Breakthrough, from: http://www.waltham.com/about4.htm (accessed 20/04/2010), from: http://www.waltham.com/about4.htm (accessed 20/04/2010) Wayne, R. K., 1993, Wayne, R. K., 1993, Molecular Evolution of the Dog FamilyMolecular Evolution of the Dog Family, Trends in Genetics, V-9, I6,(p218-224) 1/6/93, , Trends in Genetics, V-9, I6,(p218-224) 1/6/93,

Elsevier Ltd, OxfordElsevier Ltd, Oxford Wysong, R. L., 1993, Wysong, R. L., 1993, The Truth About Pet FoodsThe Truth About Pet Foods, Wysong Corporation, Michigan, Wysong Corporation, Michigan