cancer 5th sem
TRANSCRIPT
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SILIGURI INSTITUTE OFSILIGURI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Name:-Moina Ersad.
B-Tech ,3rd Year ,5thSemester
Department of BiomedicalEngineering.
Roll No.:-11931061009
Session:-2008-2009Guide Teacher:-SujanK.Samanta
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Topic of Seminar:-Topic of Seminar:-
MODERN DAYS
CANCER
THERAPY
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CANCER:-CANCER:-
Cancer is regarded as a group ofdiseases characterised by:
ii) Abnormal growth of cellsiii) Ability to invade adjacent tissues
iv) Eventual death of the affected
person if the tumour has progressedbeyond that stage where it can besuccessfully removed.
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Overview of cancerous cells.Overview of cancerous cells.
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Microscopic view of the rapidly dividingMicroscopic view of the rapidly dividing
cancer cellscancer cells..
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ITS CAUSES:-ITS CAUSES:-
Prolonged use of cosmetics like black
or dark brown hair dyes.Parental use of pesticides or exposure
to petrochemicals industry at the time
of pregnancy.Eating meat of cattle which have been
injected with high levels of estrogenbefore slaughter.
Industrial carcinogens like poly vinylchloride (PVC), organic compoundsetc.
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Smoking ,Drinking
Locations
Heredity and reproductive history.
Exposure to X-Rays.
Chronic irritation.Various types of body implants.
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ITS TREATMENTITS TREATMENT
OPTIONS:-OPTIONS:-
1. Surgery
2. Radiation therapy
3. Chemotherapy4. Conventional drugs
5. Vaccines
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1.SURGERY:-1.SURGERY:-
Usually the first line of treatment.If detected earlier ,the patient may be
cured surgically.
Its application depends upon the size,location and stage of the disease.
Often used in combination with
chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
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2.RADIATION2.RADIATION
THERAPY:-THERAPY:-
How they work?
High energywaves
Cancerousgrowth
Cause damagewithin cells
Preventaccurate
cell division
Causes cells to die
What types of cancer are treated?About 60% of cancer cases require radiation therapy.For example: Prostrate, skin, head and neck, throat,larynx, breast, brain, lung, bone, leukemia, ovarian,
uterus cancers etc.
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What are the different types of Radiation Therapy?
What are the drawbacks of Radiation Therapy?
Not specific to cancerous cells, may damagehealthy cells as well. Only cells in division state are sensitive to
radiation therapy. It takes a lot of time ,i.e. over a few weeks.
RadiationTherapy
Internal Radiation External Radiation Photon Radiation Particle Radiation
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3.CHEMOTHERAPY:-3.CHEMOTHERAPY:-
How they work?The term chemotherapy or chemo refers to the
wide range of chemicals used to treat cancercells. They generally work by killing dividing
cells by disrupting the normal cell divisionprocedure.
What are the types of cancer treated?
About 80% of all the cancers requirechemotherapy. They include Leukemia,
bladder, breast ,osteogenic ,pancreatic ,colon,stomach ,rectal, liver and skin cancers.
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What are the different types ofchemicals used in Chemotherapy?
Antimetabolites:-Interfere with theformation of key biomolecules like
nucleotides and hence interfere withDNA replication and thereby celldivision.
Genotoxic Drugs:-Damage DNA.Spindle inhibitors:-Interfere with
cytoskeletal components like spindle
fibers that enables cell division.
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What are the different drawbacks ofChemotherapy?
Chemicals like methoxate aretoxic athigh doses.
Hepatotoxicity (damaging effects on
liver) is possible at high or low dosageconcentration of drug
Causes physical side effects like mouth
sores, extreme hair loss, skin rash etc.Normal dividing cells are also affected
sometimes.
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..DRUGS:-DRUGS:-How they work?
They comprise of different drugs in theform of antibodies, hormones etc.which prevent cancer cell growth or
causes the death of the cancer cells inmany different ways.
What are the types of cancer treated?
Cancer detected in its early stages aregenerally treated by conventionaldrugs. They include breast, ovarian andprostrate cancers in their early stages.
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What are thedifferent types
ofConventionaldrugs?
HormonalTreatments
Specific
inhibitorsAntibodies
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5.VACCINES:-5.VACCINES:-
Their purpose is to stimulate the bodys owndefence against cancer. They usually containproteins found or produced by cancer cells.
THE FIRST CANCER PREVENTIONTHE FIRST CANCER PREVENTION
VACCINEVACCINE:-:-The majority of the cervical cancers are believed
to be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). In laboratory it is possible to construct non
infectious virus like particles (VLP). They are similar to infectious viruses but are
free of viral DNA and hence cant reproduce.
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On injecting into body, they generateimmune response quiet strongly.
This vaccine is commercially known asGardasil.
Recently, on 6th October 2008,thediscoverer of this virus(HPV), Dr.Harald Zur Hausen, 72 , of GermanCancer Research Centre was awarded
the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
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STATISTICAL INFORMATION:-STATISTICAL INFORMATION:-
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CONCLUSION:-CONCLUSION:-
Prevention of Cancer is not in our hands.But we can do many things within ourcapacity like avoiding toxic foodsubstances, abstaining from tobacco
and other known carcinogens, usingenvironmental friendly products etc.
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REFERENCES:-REFERENCES:- www.cancerquest.org
www.ezinearticles.com
www.oncolink.com/types
www.heall.com Preventive and Social Medicine ,by
K. Park.
http://www.cancerquest.org/http://www.ezinearticles.com/http://www.oncolink.com/typeshttp://www.heall.com/http://www.heall.com/http://www.oncolink.com/typeshttp://www.ezinearticles.com/http://www.cancerquest.org/ -
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