Cesar Chavez speaks to Canadian Press:

Teamsters lash food drive

Canadians shareBoycott Weekendwith Cesar Chavez

Vol. VI No. 22November 16, 1973

of the Archdiocese of Toron­to, an ardent supporter ofLa Causa, hosted the servicewhere leaders from majorreligious denominations re-affirmed their active commit­ment . to II the movement ofjustice for farm workers.n

The day before the march,Cesar Chavez began UBoycottWeekend" with interviews ontwo radio and two televisionprograms. "Most Canadiansare greatly concerned aboutthe social condition ofhuman­ity". hI'! .. told the Canadian

. - ../\ '.

people~ lilt. is to this greatconcern that we are appeal­ing.H

Chavez also spoke at a lun­cheon with the leading laborrepresentatives and later, theToronto City. Council called ameeting between the Union,Church leaders and executivesof two major chain stores.

That evening, 1800 personscame to bear Chavez speak.There the Union was presentedwith a substantial donationfrom the Catholic Youth CorpsWhich sponsored the event.

In preparation for BoycottWeekend, Toronto boycotters,comprised of 28 strikers, 3staff, led by Union NationalExecutive Board memberMarshall Ganz and Union org­anizer, Jessica Govea, organ­ized over 200 meetings withunions, riding associations,student and church groups,They conducted.a human bill­board campaign and passed out

(Continued, Page 2)

Toronto,Canada -- More than2,000 persons from all walksof life joined United FarmWorkers of America, presid­ent Cesar Chavez- November3- in one of the largest march­es ever held in the city ofTo-

ronto to celebrate It BoycottDay!'

Chanting and singing, theUnion supporters marched amile through downtown Toron­to with Huelga nags ·and ban­ners waving to St. Michael'sCathedral for an EcumenicalService and boycott rally.

Ar~hbishop Philip Pocock

T~amst~rs renege .onsI~nmg peace pactWith farm workers

LA PAZ, California-- Cesar msters would "live out -II theirChavez, President of the Un- contracts with the growersited Farm Workers of Ame- was not a surprisetotheUFWArica, promised tt more strikes uWe expected this," saidnext spring, summer and fall fl Chavez, "This is the fifth timein a press conference Novem- . the teamsters pull this gimm­ber 7, after the Teamsters ick. We never trusted them,Union reneged on signing a but we wanted to prove to thepeace pact it worked out with AFL-CIO that they were ne­the AFL-CIO. The pact have gotiating in bad .faith:"provided for a pull -out from He said the only reasonthe fields by the Teamsters. the teamsters ever negotiated

Chavez said Teamsters Un- with The AFL-CIO . was be­ion President Frank Fitzsim-mons'statement that the Tea- (Continued, Page 2)

during the busy planting andharvesting-seasons just past

"During this time our work­ers and their families suffermany hardships," Mrs :F'loressaid' .

Bart Curto, head of the ag-ricultrual division of the

lTeamsters in Santa Maria at­tacked the food' drive by an­nouncing that local farm work­ers have unemployment bene­fits through Teamster unioncontracts '(There are no UFWcontracts in the Santa Mariaarea)'

What Curto did not pointout is that the maximumamount that can be receivedfrom unemployment is basedon income' Most farmworkers

(Continued, Page 2).

<\NTA MARIA, CA.-- Theeamsters Union in Santa:arfa lashed out at a food~ive' sponsored by the Na­Dnal Farm Workers Serviceenter in Santa Maria Valleyt October 31. .The Service Center,' headed', Margarita Flores, began aree week, door-to-door food'ive in late october with aerne of "Share your food,tare your heart,., which re­~cts a quote from Cesar:'llfvez, head of the Unitedurn Workers of America:The person who shares hisod with you, spires hislart!' .The food drive comes at the!ginning of the season whenere is much less agricul­ral work in the area than

',To~ Delano City Council: "Unanimously neutral" (Bottom} City Manager tells farmworkers to" observe the same' decorum as you would in your own living rooms.II

Farm workers confront De,lanocity council on Safeway arrests

Ca na da lcont.)

Many supporters had stoppedhelping, he said, because theythOUght the Teamsters wereno longer fighting the UFVVA.

Now, Chavez added, "VVewill have an opportunity torealize tully our-potential.'It will now be a lot easierto get boycotters where weneed them. And there willbe more strikes next spring,summer and fall."(Next edition ofEL MALCiUA-DO; history of the struggleagainst the Teamsters.)

Migrant workers annual in­come is estimated at an $1800average" _Curto shows himself as an.uncaring-· despicable person.To deny 'the real needs of thefarm workers, while he ridesaround in a l~~ry :car sellingout the people to the growerswith sweetheart contracts,such as ,we have here in San­ta Maria, is a filthy 00­scenity:~ Mrs" Flores said

A check with the<state far{Illabor office in Santa Maria onthe day of Curto's attackshowed no more than six farmlabor jobs available , com­pared to an average of 50jobs on most days during thepeak seasoll. The six jobs

orepresent one-sixth of fullagricultural: employment.

As further indication ofneed, the country welfare of­fice in Santa Marra recordsa dOUbling in cases of fami­ly assistance to heads ofhouseholds in the wintermonths, according to Mrs.VVilson, who heads the intakesection of the welfare office.

'4Perhaps Curto's shocking'lack of care for people isone reason our food drive,is being very successful'-Peo­pIe have met us with openhearts, and we ask God'sblessing on their generosi­ty," Mrs 1'lores said'

bie, the Canadian national of­.fices of the United-Auto VVork­

more than 275,000 leaflets in ers, and the UnitedSteelwqrk-12 days. ers of America.

During their first month in The United Church of Can-Toronto, thus far, they have ada, the Canadian Council ofwon the wholehearted end- Churches, the Toronto Senateorsement of the Canadian of Priests and many more or­Labor Council of Metropolitan ganizations have also end­Toronto, Mayor David Crom- orsed the boycott.

(Continued from Page 1)

,Food drive (cont.)(Continued from PaE~ 1)

do not 0 qualify for maximumunemployment benefits of $75a week because their incomeis tob low. U. S. Departmentof Labor statistics show the

average annual income offarm workers to be $2400

,members._City mana~er Peel, said it

would be improper for "the c'ttycouncil to take sides in theUnion's dispute with the grow­ers.

Murgura noted that none ofthe council members had saidanything during the exchange,and asked Mayor Frank Her­rera, " as a fellow-Mexican"to take a stand. 0

Herrera responded that, asusual, the City Council wouldremain 'unanimously neutral'cut short discussion with an"VVe appreciated- your- com­ing- here- tonight" and dis missed the spectators.

The City Council then, wenton to spend mote than a half

hour deciding whether or not totake responsibility for a golfcourse.

Next issue of El Malcriado:interviews with some of the"Delano 29".

R,efuse peace pact. (con't.)

(Continued from Pall'e ncause ofpressure from Clergythe press,. other unions andthe public in general.

"They were only buyingtime," he ~ald, " and theydid succed in' achieving thisshort- range goal. They slowedus down a bit, but they arelooking very bad in the publiceye.- -

Chavez said he was gladthe air finally been cleared

_ and the confusion ended

otton of the injunction and saidthe injunction limits the num-

ber of pickets that can be in aSafeway parking lot to seven,but does not restrict the num­ber .of persons who can be onthe sidewalk.

They also asked why the in­junction was not read to theentL~ group in Sparish, as'w~u. as in English. ' ..

Delano City AttorneyJamesMerrigan replied, "I don~

know the facts about what youare talking about. But I do 0

know the guy carrying out thearrests, knows Spanish. I amsure he made himself under­stood."

VVhen Murguia asked the citycouncil to pass a resolutionlnsupport of the Union's boycotthe was met with a sarcasticlaughter on the part of thecouncil members and othergrower oriented community

~ger James Peel, reprimand­ed them saying, "Before weget into any serious disagree­ments, I am asking you to ob­serve 't e same properdeco-.:­rum that you would maintainin your own livin~ room."

Peel explained the city'sposition on the matter as be­ing one of an impartial en­forcement of the law, and thatthe arrests were made at Safe­way's formal request.

liThe Safeway Corporationhas obtained an injunction inLos Angeles which has valid­ity throughout the state of

California limiting the numberof pickets in fr ont of its stores.If that injunction, which wasread to you (at the time of thearrests), is violated, then, itwill be enforced," he said.

Murgura and Castro chal­lenged, 0 the city's interpreta-

November 16, 19732 EL MALCRIADO

Delano, California -- SixtyUnion members and volunte­ers went to the regular meet­ing of the Delano City Coun­cil November 5, to protestthe recent jailings of 29 boy­cotters for allegedly violat­ing a court order that restrictspicket line activity in front of'Safeway stores.

Jose Guadalupe Murgura,Delano boycott director" and

_Daniel Castro.a.Il Agbayiuii 0

Village volunteer, bOth among­thosearrested~-asked the Citycouncil Why me Delano CityPolice Department was beingput at the service of Safe­way and the growers._ "Never in the twenty yearsI've lived in the San JoaquinValley,'" said Murgura, " haveI ever seen such a blatantabuse of constitutional rights,'

VVhen the crowd respondedto Murgura"s remarks with a'huelga' claD. Delano city ma-

W.ltSOllVil fe. Cia

Liquors 8. Gracery Store

120 tla i n St.

* Beer and Tequi la Imported F,-omMexico

* cor Your rartles

*6AII-2PM

• (408) 724-agg8

Christian Brothersworkers helpLa Causa

Ramon ViveroChrisitan Brothers Ranch

SL SE PUEDE!!VIVA LA CAUSA!VIVA CHAVEZ!!!

With this letter I wouldlike to greet all of you whowork for the Union and atthe same time send you acheck made out to the amountof $100..00 to' help pay the rentof the Selma office"

This check comes from theworkers at Christian Brothers'

We hope to double this a­mount in a few more daysand will continue to helpout.

suppOrt "the struggle for self­determination and unioniza­tion of agricultural workers."

Members of the group'sSteering Committee are,:Fr. Frank Wilks, ,- O.P.; Dr.'Norman D. Pott, Msgr"'ED­mund J. Murnane, MarionPhelan. Irving H. _Flet~her.

Theodore R' KUlongski, and. Jose Romero.

Groceri esMexican productsN9wspapers andmagazines in Spanish

Notary PublicOwner: Carlos F. Rico

La Flor Del Valle100 Union ~t.

vlat;;of)'Y i I Ie, lea I •

Mrs. Marion Phelan, amember ofthe support group'sSteering Committee, said that$3,800 is still to be paid onthe van.

She said the van would beused to transport farm work­ers and their families from thefields or their homes to theclincis for medical attention.

The Interfaith Committeewas formed last spring to

'The Interfaith Committeeannounced its campaign to,raise money for the $4,50012-passenger van will startwith a fundraising dinner andauction November 3. Theysaid that the Second ExecutiveVice President of the UnitedFarm WOrkers of America,Philip Vera. Cruz, will beguest of honor.

Support group buys- "

van for clinics

DOioners meeting the spokeman _for tlie Ft. Pierce GrowersAssociation said the influx,.of @O @migrant would &rot tmrHne -local unemployed labor forcebecause N. these people are .taught by' the federal govern­ment that they shouldn't workwith their hands."

The spokeman assertedthis was the reason pickersmust be imported to thisarea.

UFWAmembers charged.'that if growers paid" decentUnion contrac~ wages., --IOU'

would have no difficulty in­recruiting'American workers19 harves! yout citr~._

H Since you choose to EUGENE, ORE..-- A group ofimport foreign workers, you farm worker supporters basedare obviously trying to cir- in Eugene, Oregon, hope tocumvent requirements for deliver a van to La Causa'soffering competitive wages c:lnics in California.and decent housing to Ame- . '(he group, the Interfaithricans, by importing , green Committee to Aid Farm Work­carders' who are still foreign --ers will pr-esenfthe van towor.kers, but not covered by the' National Farm Workersthe same regulations that - Health Group at their meetinggovern the importation of Ja- in La Paz on November 12,maicans!' according to Elizabeth Max-

The union members are well, Acting Director for therefering to U. S. Justice lleath Group._department regulations that .require a grower to demos­trade that he is offeringcompetitive wages and is stillunable to find domestic work­ers.

This require is appliedto Jamaican worker oftenimported for work in the sugarcane fields, but does not applyto Mexican " green carders."

rector, the liquor dealers arebeing organized by MarioRi~­

ci, northern California dis­tributor for Gallo wines.

Harrassment by the policehas followed Ricci's activitiessaid Ross.

The union is scheduled tobe heard in court November14, at which time it will chal­lenge the arrests on consti­tutional grounds ofinsufficient

. evidence.

ARTICHOKE INNResta'urant and BarA good place to eat

Newly remodeled -. now open() J"~r: 1'1 Cil n;u ;.'. ~,lnchez

18 Porter Drive. Watsonville. California 724-972

Mack Lyons

from Dolores Park.Duril)g the morning, the

pickets were warned by thepolice about' obstructing tra­ffic and harassing customers.

The police returned in theafternoon and without warningbegan arresting the picketswho were Gallo strikers andSan Francisco supporters ofthe UFWA boycott.

According to Fred Ross,Jr., San Francisco hoycott-di-

Pickets arrested in San Francisco

The picketing at Judell'sLiquor Store, 21st and Mis­sion, was part of a '''CleanSweep of Mission Street N

campaign against Gallo winesand the liquor stores that con­tinued ~ to defy the boycott~

The picketing at Judell'sbegan following a morningmarch down Mission street

Avon Park, Florida -- UnitedFarm Workers of America,Black, White, Puerto Rican,and Chicano members, sent aletter to the Fort Pierce Gro­.wers Ass'ociation protesting apublic display of racism bythe.wwers~

Local citrus growers areasking for a zoning amend­ment which would allow themto put up two "mini-camps"to house migrant fruit pickers

A growers association re­presentative told the commis­sion that growers are goingto need more migrant workersin the coming harvest seasonand said that unless adequate According. to Mack Lyons,housing can be provided the member of the executive boardworkers may not come. Thiswould seriously handicap the of the United Farm Workerslocal citrus industry, he said. of America 'and:dlrector of

. The association spokesman the Union, in" 'Florida:, thesaid the association is con- Union Is .. not against buil­,tracting with a Texas firm to ding housing.;provide about 50 experienced But, we feel the growers"pickers with. legal visas to al- should build family housinglow them to come into this which is badly needed by thecountry from Mexico. workeers to put local people

"The Mexican workers are out of jobs.. very clannish and like to stick H Local people needtogetber,-the growers spoke- housing, and jobs, and theysman said. to be organized."

The Union members cha- Union members fear therged that ·the growers in an gl-owers will attempt to userged that the growers are try- their projected racism as aing to project their own ra- :>asis for refusing housing tocism onto the farm workers \merican workers seekingin an attempt to keep' farm lobs, according to a statementworkers from organazing into issued by the Union.a union. At the coun1y commiss-

San Francisco -- Nineteenpickets were arrested at aMission District liquor storeon November 3.

The arrested pickets, in­cluding a 14 year ·old boy,were released on their ownrecognizance late Saturdaynight.

F'lorid'a farm workers protesttracist' grower-proposed housing

EL MALeR I ADO November 16, 1973 3

CommemoratIve MedallIonof the H,sto"c

F,Tst ConstItutIonal ConventIon

IL a"el.'"

•

•

.., LaP_ P.a:'''62~. c.au.naa 93Ul

~~rwo~..."·~""IIfdw:

lftl'mD FARM WOlUC!RSAFL.-ciO'

~~ (II'IIIIn-..cl8...... IIf 50 pNpasd ClIIJy $5.00

P......tty ,s,u&all.~"" .

llilS !£AI/'( BRASS /'EIlI\Il.ICJl CJl' A HIGHIJJAlJTY RED SATIN RIBIDlIS SlJ'ETHINi 'tI1J

WILL 1RfASlIlE, IT RECAU.S A GREAT EVENTIN TI£ LI FE a' (Ul IJHCJl 0

:¥'!-.!i~~~O. Please send me medal I fons. I enclose

$2.00 ,for 9'l"hPius 10% for shippIng.Nome ~ _

st....t _

City stot9__ Zlp__

Pedro Sanchez Gas Station'a Mechanic S~ Courtesy P~o",ptnessU

(403·722·6700)

175 [lain St. • Watsonville, Ca. \h\nl'r:

'49 Main St.

Watsonvil1e,

Ca 1Hornia

FRESNO, Ca.--The leader of the California State Grangeurged cooperation among farm organizations and criticiZedthe Farm Bureau for its opposition to Grange proposalsto benefit the small farmer as well as the farm worker.

Chester Deaver told 2000 delegates gathered here for thelOlst Annual Grange convention in mid OCtober that two·problems facing small farmers include the move towardslarger but fewer farms and strife on the farm labor front.

Deaver ,said the Grange proposals to estabiish a farmbase unit ,concept which would halt a freeze-mit of efficientbut small farmers and Grange-backed measures to provideunemployment insurance for farm workers have been opposedby the Farm Bureau. He also said unemployment insurancefor farm workers would help farm communities as it hashelped other industries 'by promoting permanent residencyand bringing money into the local economy during months

. when agriculture cannot provide full employment.'

Deaver said the Grange also supports the guaranteed rightof farm workers to select representatives for bargainingpurposes in free elections.

Grange' attacks Farm BureauSupports farm workers'

"This petition is unneces­sary,·' one worker was toldby a member of the manage­

,ment. "The company safetyprogram is more than ade-

;(EUGENE, Orgegon)--Team- workers should bring theirster Union officials in Eugene quate. The real problem is complaints tothe union office.looked the other, way when employees not obeying com- "In effect, he announceda Teamster, worker had her pany safety regulations. Be- that all, the provisions of the'hand cut off in a corn husk- sides, the accident was' petition w,ere going to be car­ing machine until the workers Nancy's fault; she hadn't ried out," one ~orker said.signed a petition demanding obeyed rules and wasn't paying Since the ,announcement,an investigation of safety con- attention." flexible plastic guards anaditions in the packing plant;. "You're forCing us to auto- large danger signs have been

- After Nancy Whitfield lost, mate. We couldn't make the installed on husking machines.her hand at the Agripac;work- plant accident proof. If ,we IfAs for the announced in­ers drew up a petition list- did, w.e'd have to shut down spection and safet.y campaign,ing such hazards as e'unsafe because we~:d~ havenocap- , management seems to havecutters and huskers,slick; ital left. I turned it Into another tacticfloors, unsafe steps and un-' Before the petition drive - of abuse and harassment ofrepaired lift-trucks, and de- the response from the Team~ workers, ftthe worker said.mande.d impro~~ wor~ing sters Union was negative. As the Agripac's claims ofconditions immedlateir. However, the day -after the Nancy Whitfield's negligence

Although nothing I? their petition drive began, a Team- in the accident, a state safety, contract forbids the circula- ster official fromSalem Ore- inspection revealed there

tion of petitions, the Agripac gon carne to the plant to talk were no exclusion guards onworke,rs had hardly begun to , abo~t safety. the side-mounted butt knivespass It around before seve~al He announced that an in- on the husker machine.of them were .th~eatened WIth vestigation of Nancy Whit- This is a violation ofthe loss of their lobs. field's accident was in the Oregon State Employment

progress and a state in- Act and Agripac was finedspectiQn would be initiated as $200 for negligence.well. _

The Salem Teamster of-ficial said the petition wasunnecessary and that the

·Teamster me'mbers demandprobe of packing house safety

Racist seniority system

'failed and refused to recruit,hire, transfer and promote(Chicanos, Puerto Ricans andBlacks) to pigher paid, moredesirable jobs such as- roaddriver on an equal basis withwhite Anglo persons."

. 'The minority groups haveusually been'assigned to suchjobs as janitor and dockman,he said.

4

30 days to reply.

~ WASHINGTON, D.C. )--Al­leged ,discrimination againstChicanos, Puerto Ric;ms and

Blacks' by the Teamsters Unionbrought threats of a civilrights suit by the Justice De­partment, Assistant AttorneyGeneral J. stanley Pottingerannounced OCtober 31.

Pottinger told the union ina letter that a lawsuit wascontemplated if the union andtrucking companies con~uedto resist proposals to!ncl'easethe percentage of Chicanos,Puerto Ricans and Blacks.

Similar letters were 'sentto 514 trucking companies andto Trucking Employers, Inc.,which represents the com­panies in collective bargain-

'mg.

Justice Dept. may sue,Teamsters for biasin: seniority system,

Moreover, Pottinger said,the seniority system writteninto the Teamsters contract

,with thp employeFs per­petuates the discrimination bydiscouraging Chicanos. Puer­to Ricans and blacks fromaccepting promotions even ifoffered.

The seniority system re­quires, for example, that ajanitor whould lose all sen-

A department spokesman iority with the company if hesaid the union and the compan- should accept promotion toies were given 30 days to a driver, he said.reply and 'fthen what we con- He again invited the union

'templated is a suit involving arid the companies to acceptthe union. the employers' or- two government proposals:ganization, and five or six --Changing the seniority sys­individual companies as re- tern "so that qualified incum-

• presentatives of the class of bent blacks and Spanish-sur- 'defendants." named Americans may trans-

In his letter, Pottinger said fer to future vacancies in jobsthe civil rights division's in- from which they have beenvestigation h~d gathered evid- excluded in the past withoutence of U'a pattern and prac- loss of seniority for biddingtice discriminatory employ- and layoff purposes."ment practices" in the truck- --Adopting "an affirmativeing industry. program fo!, recruitment and

He said employers "have (Continued on Pa!!e 5)

EL MALCRIADO November 16, 1973

•J

Anna'Puharich, fund raiser extraordinary, is responsiblefor $2 million in donations to UFWA..

farmworkers; Fred Rosslong-time supporter of fa:mworkers Anna ?uharich, sec­retary; Frank Dennison, trea­surer; and Rev 'Wayne (Chris)Hartmire.

The different branches inthe structure of the NFWSCare comprised of the following~

.Administrative Director,Anna Puharich;

.Legal matters, Tony Gaen­sle~, attorney.

.The Campesirio' Centers,'Ann McGregor. training andPat Halloran,' administration.

The purpose of the Centersis to aid farm workers withtheir social, -medical and legalneeds in their own area.

The-re are presently -tenCenters in operation,. Longrange goals are for 20 Cam­pesino Centers including Ari­zona. Florida, and Texas. orwhere the need is greatest.

• The La Paz Center--LindaLegerette is responsible formaintaining the facilities at,L~ Paz. This involves ar­ranging the set-up for edu-_cational,conferences, the foodand lodging, which is chargedto each individual departmentrequesting the facilities.

The Credit Union, the Ag­bayani Village, the Clinicsthe Day Care Center, and th~':print; Shop are ongoing oper- .ations that were launched bythe National Farmworkers

.S ervice Center, Inc~_

charitable organization alldonations and -gifts ar~ tax­deductible, and the Center iselegible to receive grantsfrom foundations.

The NFWSC, Inc. is go­verned by a Board ofDirectorswho serve without pay. Thepresent board includes: CesarChavez, pres-ident; JeromeLackner, MD., who providesvolunteer m~dical services to

C~sar'~d H~len Chavez celebrate 25 years' of mUried UfewIth. Umon volunteers at La PaZ;

. EL~ALCRIADO • November 16, 19i3:: 5

(Cont.)Director of the Western Con'::ference ofTeamsters, is quot­ed as saying that farm workerswould not be permitted to haveunion meetings for at leasttwo years under the contractsthe Teamsters Union has sign­ed with the growers.

"Maybe," said Mohn. "asagriculture . becomes moresophisticated and more me­?hanized, with fewer trans­~~nts, fewer carders, and asJobs become more attractiveto Whites, then we can builda union that can have struc­ture and that can negotiatefrom strength aM have mem­bership participation,.It

When asked about what will .happen to the workers dis­placed by mechanizationWhich is permitted by Team~ster contracts. He repliedthat the contracts woold notprotect them.. IfAfter all•you can't expect whites to stepaside and let Mexican-Amer­icans and Negroes have the(machine) jobs they have hadfor : years,'" he said

At the service of farm workers"Listen, Encourage, Ana­

IY~e and Make Time." Thisis the motto under which theNational Farm Workers Ser­vice Center, Inc. (NFWSC,Inc) operates as it providesneeded social, medical andlegal services to farm work-ers. NFWSC, Inc. founded .in 1966, is a California non­certified to do business inArizona!' Tex~.t: • 1111nois, andNew York. Since it -is a

Teamster' bias(Continued from Pa~e 4)

hiring,N including establish­. ing goals for'hiring minoritiesfor better paying jobs.

Trucking industryemploy­ment now is about 7 or 8percent Black and 2.5 percentSpanish- surnamed, the de­partment said..

Commenting on the newsof the possible civil rightssuit against the TeamstersUnion, Tony Gaenslen, formerTeamster Associate HouseCounsel, who has first-handknowledge of the Teamster'spractices, said: "In my. op­inion, the Teamsters have be':haved shamefully on the' raceissue.. The seniority pro­visions of. their contracts havehad the effect oflocking Blacksand Chicanos into lower-pay­ing, less desirable jobs.II

Gaenslen, who in 1964 didvoter registration work forthe Student Non-violent Co­ordinating ComIqtttee in Mis­sissippi and now an attorneyfor the United Farm Workersof America, said, "TheTeamsters have consistentlyrefused to ~eriously considerany modification of the sen­iority system to allow minor­ities to make up for past'discrimination."Farm workers: second-classrole

"Einar Moho's statementsin the Kiely Report relegating'Chicano and Mexican fieldworkers to a role of second­class membership in theTeamster Union is consistentwith the Teamster position onrace." -

The Kiely Report was aSafewa:y-sponsored research

, progect into the dispute be­. tween the United' Farm Work­ers of America andth~Team..sters Union in the lettuceindustry. '

In the r~port. Einar Mohn.

From that 'non-verbal padto the pr~sent, Anna has beeninstrumental in raising closeto $2 million for the supportof farmworkers.. She likes tothink of herseJf· as a "peoplebroker" and brings peopletogether--"people who thinkthey have Dothingin common,"urging them to help others..

Raising money for farmworkers Is difficult, saysAnna, because farm' workersare "politicallytoo hot. Foun­dations fear the heat.. Farmworkers are threatening thechanges. . Conservative fac­tions know that these changesmean that the farm workersare not in the business tocollect money, and do nothingwith it. Poor people are notsupposed to have power!'

Anna enjoys communicatingwith the top echelon: "I'mcomfortable with the rich, butI'in at home with the poor!'

Many of the "Haves" thatshe has met have indicatedtheir interest in helping thefarm workers, but no one .has.approached them.. So Annahas prompted them by saying, ."Just call them and tell them,'I want·to help'..".· .

Servi'ce CenterDirector: why shelikes to help

AnnaPuharich has been ac­tively helping the farm work­ers officially s1B.ce 1968.. Un­officially, AJlIlJ. was moved bythe "just horrib12" existenceof farm wG1'kers at the age of12.

Brooklyn-bon Ms. Puha­rich went to visit a farm inNew Jersey where she tooka sudden interest 1B. the 'chi­cken coops;.. She was trau­matically impressed by thediscovery that these chickencoops were the living quar­ters of the farm'. employees..

From tha.t day on, AnnacUpped aRd filed any articlesregarding farm workers"without any specific goal inmind..~' In later life herinterest in helping the poorbrought her to do much morethan "bringing basketS of foodto Harlem.."

She met Cesar Chavez theday after Robert Kennedy wasassassina~ed.. She was .helpingwith the Poor Peoples Mal'chin Resur:rection'City, and sheoffered her home to the visit­ing UFW staff. "Cesar neverasked me and I never offered,~ut there was some kind ofnon-v~rbal agreement that Iwas. going. to ,W9rk 'with the

. UFW fI"she save;:.. . , J~

• ' ..~ '_0., i.

Santa Maria boycott Echaverria set free

Doctor reports onrecruiting drive

In a case describing sim­ilar circumstances of a "vol­unteer" agreement to openmail a San Diego federal jUdgeruled such "voluntary" re­quitements illegal~

I was told I would get no mail,'"Echavarria said.

He signed the form. and re­ceived all mail sent to himexcept some union boycottleaflets.

uThe people at the jail toldme I didn't need all thoseleaflets," he said.

Carder appeared beforeJudge Kirkpatrick October 29to ask that Echavarria's jailsentence be terminated in lightof more grievous crimes on tilenational level -where thepunishment leveled did notseem equal to that sufferedby Echavarria.

Ortiz and Gonzales both,farm workers, had alreadyserved 10 and 5 days res­pectively but each still owesfines.

. Carder also asked for dis­missal of further probationall the defendants who werefound quiltv.

Kirkpat'rick ordet..ed pro­?ation reports on all personsmvolved and ordered Echa­varria brought to Santa Mariaon October 31 for a probationinterview.

Instead of an interviewEcharria was brought directly

.!o court where Kirkpatrickasked the probation depart­ment for its renort.

After a hasty consultationwith Echavarria; Which in­cluded the probation officerasking if "UFWOC (sic) isgoing to cause any more trou­ble, "Kirkpatrick signed a re­lease for Echavarria and or­dered the case continued toNovember 13 when he will ruleon the pending fines and pro­bation matters. -

In his chambers on October29, Kirkpatrick told Carderthat he "did not understand'"the tactics involved in a uniondemonstration outside Kirk­patrick's court on the daythe three men were jailed.

Carder told Kirkpatrickthat the demonstration was nota "tactic" but a " true de­monstration of. the feelings ofthe ·community.

Dr. Gene Atherton ofLagunaBeach, ,California, is takingDr• Radebaugh 's place at theSanger clinic while he is onhis recruitment tour.

_man Bethune Collective at theDetroit General Hospital, De­troit, Michigan, who are com­mited to bettering the people'smedical care.~The University of Michi­

gan and the Ann Arbour FreeClinic promisP.d to advertiseLa Causa's need for doctorsin their campus newspapersAt the University Radebaugh.met with DR 'Myron Wegman.Dean of the School of PublicHealth, DR. Andrew Hunt, Mi­chigan State UniversitySchool .of Medicine, and a group ofChicano medical students

cause of the geerin~

and booing against him andAfter the meeting was endedEchavarria told the crowd the"meeting is over, go homequietly."

Many of the persons whotestified at the trial pointed toEchavarria as .the "leader"of those on triah

A sheriff's department re­port introduced during thetrial noted the probable af­filiations of the accused. Eachperson was pointed out eitheras a member of the Union orof El Comite Consejero deEducacion de Guadalupe, agroup of parents trying tochange the harsh disciplinarypractices of the school andprovide a better education fortheir children.

The case culminated in thejailing of Echavarria JesusOrtiz and Sammy G~nzalesafter the rejection of appealsby . the California State Su­preme Court.

Other defendants receivedfines, and all received twoyears probation.

When Echavarria enteredjail he was given a form to

sign which said he "vol­untarily" agreed to have mailsent or received by him open­ed by sheriffs deputies.. 'fI asked what would happenIf I did not sign the form. and

(SANTA MARIA)-- A UFWAdemonstration, growing pUblicshock at scandals and crimescombined with a court appear­ance by UFWA lawyer BillCarder ended the 45 day sen­tence for Manuel Echavarria,Santa Maria organizer forUFWA, after 21 days in theSanta Barbara county jail.Echavarria, along with sixothers, was convicted in Aug­ust, 1972, of disturbing thepeace at a Guadalupe SchoolsParent Teacher Club meetingin March" 1972 following theParent Club meeting whereMel <YCampo, a man often em­ployed by growers associationin the southwest, spoke aboutuThe Truth Behind the Chi­cano Movemen4"Tenpersonswere cited to court on chargesof disturbing the peace anddisrupting a public meeting.

Dr. Radebaugh & Cheryl Miller in Detroit.

Dr. John Radebaugh, re­cruiting doctor for the Na­tional Farm Workers Health

Dr. Radebaugh-and Marcos Munoz, Chicago Boycott. Groups, reports on the pre-

•••=:::J sentations he has made and the~ responses he has receivedg so far on his tour:c,senItil -He spoke to about 60 phy-

I'i:: sicians at the Academy of Pe­U diatricians in Chicago. Two

I took applications with them,/2 and Dr 1?aul Shales of the Mon­,g tefiore Hospital in New YorkPi City, has sent in his applica­

tion. Dr.-9..eorge Prieto ofEvanston, Ill., has promisedto come and visit Californiain January, get first handinformation, and do some re­cruiting on his return to Il­linois.

- He talked to doctors andmedical students at the Nor-

slogans.SANTA M~IA, Ca.-- Scolari's has continuously

Picketing by the United Farm refused to observe the boycottWorkers Union in Santa Maria of non-union lettuce, grapes,is costing Scolari's Market and wines.$5000 (five thousand dollars) After half an hour ofpicket­a day, according to a depo- ing, Joe Scolari, head of thesHion included in an injun- market' chain was suddenlyction appeal granted in Santa available for a meeting.Maria Superior Court rec- Scolari told the Union workersently. that he would have to consult

The injunction followed in- with lawyer Dick Weldon, whotensive weekend picketing of represents the store and isthe local market chain which also vice - .president of thehas recently expanded its corporation.store to nine store~ in the A meeting,later in the weekCentral Coast area. with union representatives and

Union pickets made a strong Scolari and Weldon, broughtinitial showing when a union no results as the lawyerbus filled with more than 50 avoided the issues involvedpersons drove into the store and would not allow Scolariparking lot and waited while to speak for himself.union leaders Paulino Pacheco An injunction limiting theand Margarita Flores con- picketing was issued on theferred with the store day following the meeting inmanager. Weldon's office and is sche-

The union workers got the .duled for hearing in Superiorusual response: 'I only work Court in mid-November.here. It's not my respon- Enthusiastic picketing con- During a week long jurysibility. Mr. Scolari is not tinues at the stores within trial in the Santa Maria Mun­in.' the limits of the injunction,' incipal Court ofJudge Richard

At Pacheco's direction, the according to Pacheco. . 'Kirkpatrick~ testimony show-pickets got out of the bUS, ed that evidence againstflags waving,_ s_houting boycott Echavarr'a . 1 d d 11Photo-Howard Brickman 1 me u e a ega-

.~II'lR~-p tions that he directed the act-ivities of others "with hiseyes." ,

Echavarria testified thathis only instructions to the 300

persons attending the meetingcame when Mel O'Campochose to end the meeting be-

6 EL MALCRIADO • November 16, 1973

The report continued thatin April, 1971, it was announcedthat Roberts had bought 92percent control of the line.Investigators of the CaliforniaPublic U.tilities Commissionbranded the deal a fraud andprotested to the CAB, claim­ing that Roberts was given$727,280 by Smith to lend hisname as the airline's osten­sible owner.

According to the PUCSmith , and not Roberts, wa~the real owner because­of $3.6 million he had arrang­ed for the airline to borrowfrom' the US National Bankand $11.9 million owed toGolden West Air Terminalsof Long Beach, an enterpriseoperated bySmith's older bro­ther, J.A. Smith.-. outcome of the 1972 CABhearings were inconclusive.Last February. while awaitingthe CAB~s ruling. Golden Westquietly abandoned its efforts tobuy Los Angeles Airways. ahelicopter taxi service whoseacqUIsition had been the main~ssue before' the" CAB.

"Left unanswered was

Left unanswered waswhether Smith or Robertsowned Golden West.

An SEC pretrial documentsaid Roberts in 1970, atSmith's request. assumed a$12.6 million debt on 8,820acres of California ranch landtodisquise Smith.s real own­ership of property and enableWestgate to claim a $5.3 mil­lion manufactured profit.

The SEC informed theJus~

tice Department that Smithremained in actual control ofland, however, and arrangedfor entire purchase price, bothdirectly and throughan invest­ment trust set up by Smithsome years ago for his grand­son.

On Smith's'recommenda­tion, Roberts was appointedin September, 1968, to a sevenman national campaign groupca~led the Nixon-Agnew Agri-

cultural Advisory Committee.Roberts served as a pre­

sidential advisor during partof Nixon's first term.

Roberts later became oneof several II straw menu usedin coverups of Smith-engin­eered deals that involved ,anairiine and large tracts ofCalifornia land., according tothe SEC.

EL MALCRIADO • November 16, 1973 7

Later in 1970, Smith re­portedly set up three moreWestgate subsidiaries to ac­quire more Kern County ranchland.

The California commis­sioner of corporations andWestgate's independent audit­ors balked at the deal.

State investigators said theSmith-controlled bank had bythen lent more than $12 millionon property worth no morethan $8 million.

Hollis Roberts again cameto Smith's rescue as a "straw­man" in financial maneuversconcerning Golden West air­lines.

In 1969, Smith had been or­dered by the Civil AeronauticsBoard to divest himself ofthe airline.

However, "a CAB staff re­port of August 14, 1972. saidthat despite the purported saleto a loan company after' the

On a similar occasion CAB's 1969 order, GoldenSmith allegedly provided Ro- West " remained under Mr.berts with $727,280 to take' Smith's financial dominationover and pose as the owner and control...."of a near-bankrupt commuterairline, Golden West, intowhich he was pouring money.

Asked why he had paid somuch for an airline that waslosing $5 million or more ayear, Roberts was quoted ashaVing said: "Mr. Smiththought it would be a good'idea."

Smith , after meeting Ro­berts, dealt him in a 5,580acre syndicate. By 1970. withSmith's help, Roberts had130,,000 acres in direct hold­ings, syndicate shares andoperating contracts.. Thefigure is . now somewhat

. smaller.Roberts' emergency as

'a Smith "strawman"" accord­ing to evidence in the handsof the Justice Department,occured in 1970 when 3.280acres of Westagte-ownedranch land made its complesway, into Roberts' nominalcontrol.

(SA~ DIEGO.. Ca..lifornia)--­Hollis Blevins Roberts of Mc­Farland , a. grower who owns100,000 acres in the San J oa­quin Valley, has been iden­tified by governmentprosecu­tors as a " strawman " whohelped San Diego financierC. Arnolt Smith conceal cor­porate and income tax fraudsamounting to millions of dol­lars.

Roberts formerly had acontract with the UnitedFarm Workers of America,but he refused to renew thecontract this year. signed acontract with the TeamstersUnion., and his ranches werestruck by the union.

An attorney for the Sec­urities and Exchange Com­~ission said Ro~erts. 61 wasInvolved in a' series of intri­cate and often obscure dealswith Smith. The attorneysaid Roberts would have been" a critical witness " if SECcharges had gone to trialagainst Smith in a case thatwas settled out of court.

Hollis Roberts ~strawman'for financier.

Federal investigators haveestablished that the loans wereon assets formerly owned by

I •Westagte- CalIfornia, leadingthem to suspect that Robertsmay have served only as a"nominee- with most of theloan proceeds go~ng to Smithor Smith-related interests.

The Justice Departmentand IRS also are pursuing in­quirieS into possible invol­vement of Roberts in a largeScale evasion of federal in­come taxes charged to Smith.."

Agents of the SEC, IRSand FBI are understood to havequestioned Roberts about hisdirect dealings with Smith andabout loans obtained from theSmith-controlled US NationalBank. declared insolvent re­cently by the controller of thecurrency.

The bank's collapse wasattributed largely to unsecur­ed loans authorized by

Smith, either for his own in- .terests or those of closebusiness associates.

Included in a listing of"doubtful" loans was $67.1million to It the Hollis Ro­

'berts group , N authorizedby Smith.

poor, no beds; they had to sit-on the cement floor; the placewas cold and drafty. He statesthe air conditioners wereturned on full blast to maketheir stay that much moreuncomfortable.

Most outstanding in his me­mory was the line of Team­sters armed with pipes andbaseball bats; the day 15 strik­ers were badly beaten on the

; picket line, and the earlymorning ambush on ManuelLooez who had bi~front tppthknocked out; Felix Rodriquez.who received a skull fracture,

'and Salvador OChoa who, wasbadly beaten and his car win­dows completely broken ontheir 'way to the picket line,

The end of the harvest inCoachella was the end of thestrike in that area # It con­tinued in the Arvin-Lamontarea. The violent tactics ofthe oppostion were the same.Lupe was arrested twice, onefor trespassing and the secondtime for "no reason"

Back on the picket line andrecently out of jail, Lupe saysof his bouts with Lady Luck:"Rather than suffer the lowwages, and helping the richas .I was doing. I much pre­fer helping the farmworkerswith the little that I can.I have suffered much humili­ation at the hands of the pa­trones, not only here but alsoin Mexico"

Thus the memory of thosepast humilliations is the cata­lyst that keeps Lupe Murgu(aon, the picket line, willing torisk, getting arrested toprove'his point,

\Lupe Murgufa, Delano Boycott dir.ect?r, ~nows. .picket lines and jails, but keeps hIS fIghtmg spInt.

Past humiliationsgive strength .JOSe Guadalupe Murgufa,

originally from Zapotitlan,Jalisco, has been a memberof UFWA since 1963. In thatspan of time he has beenarrested 10 times for his ac­tivites as a Union organizer..In 1958, he was arr~sted inFresno for the first time forworking in the U. S. withoutproper papers. On OCtober20th he was arrested for the

lOth time for picketing aSafe-way store in Delano.

Lupe is the head of the boy­cott in the Delano area. Heis married to Kathy Lynch,whom he met in 1966, duringthe first grape strike. Theyhave seven children, Ricardo,Marfa, Raymundo, Benito, andLupe's three children by aformer marriage, J oaquID,Anna and Dolores,

His organizing activitieshave taken him into the fieldsand picket lines in Firebaugh.Livingston, Fresno, CoachellaLamont and Delano.

With the reappearanc~ ofthe Teamsters in the fieldsand the loss of contracts inthe Coachella Valley in Juneof 1973, Lupe was placed incharge of one of the picketlines at the Karahadian Ranch..He was arrested 7 times, inone month during this strike, 'for civil disobediance, break­ing the injunction that re­stricted the use of bUllhorns,and· trespassing ~

His longest stay in the IndioCounty jail was 12 hours. Heremembers the first time injail--he and 60 other malestrikers in one cell; the toodwas poor; the treatment was,

9

. No more scab grapes for this store!

Cleveland, Ohio:EL MALCRIADO. November 16, 1973

Safeway security guard tries to discouragepicket.. Tucson, Arizona.

Roberto de Leon from Earlimart onSchnuck picket line in St." I.;ouisI.:--ll

Dolores Sanchez & son Ernesto with Schnuck's official - St. Louis

....U)Ql

~::l....(j)

~QlI=:.....Qo~

>­I.<I.<

~

•o....o

0.. ~

, 0..Pickets ordered to 'stifle' in violation of Bill of Rights- Phoemx. i

lets be -friends?" - Phoenix, Arizona

rJEWALI< OR/NG £07/

ONPA

Im~tE;rmined pickets - Boycott Safeway- Phoenix. Arizona.

Marchers wait outside Red Owl store after 3 mile march.

Safeway Headquarters ~ oakland

>­I.<

madeline Van-Ardell, as well ~as Phoenix boycott leader Da- 0..vid Koehler. il

other unions represented iton the picket line were United ~Steel Workers, American Fe- ,deration of Teachers, Amal- Sgamated Clothing Workers, ,g(including Farah stikers), and 0..

. the Laborers Union.

During the demonstrationtwo Safeway patrons boughtlarge bags of grapes andattempted to provoke thepickets. The community re­lations division of the Phoe-·· 0..nix Police Department asked' 5the two patrons to leave the ·it

Q)parkin~ lot. , . OS

Koehler reports the boy- •cott office has good relations Swith sherIf's department in ,gPhoenix which has appointed 0..

Ron Gomez as public relati­ons officer for the depart­ment.

Mass March, RallyHits Red Owl

BAKERSFIELD, California--Representatives of San JoaquinValley growers have voiced strong opposition to the secondaryboycott, 'saying no new farm legIslation at all would bebetter than a law failing to outlaw supermarket boycotts.

The Assembly Labor Relations Committee heard that unlessthe secondary boycott is banned, there will be no growersupport for legislation aimed at ending agricultural disputes..But Cesar Chavez, president of the United Farm Workersof America, said in a telegram that his union will not giveup the right to use the secondary boycott in its fight to organ­ize workers. Chavez will testify at a later sessi(ll ef thecommittee. •

Grower spokesmen agreed. the secondary boycott, in which Sa union pressures supermarkets and stores not to sell pro- ,gduce grown by a farmer iavolved in a labor dispute, has 0..'been an effective weapon for the union.

Richard Chavez led a mass march and rally in mid-Octoberin downtown Minneapolis to a Red Owl store. The store isthe largest carrier of no~-UFWA grapes and lettuce in theupper midwest

Chanting could be heard several blocks away as the crowdsurrounded the store. Chavez entered the store to talk toa vice-president who refused to remove the grapes and lettucebecause 'our consumers need it.'

A rally in a neighboring park followed the demonstration.Chavez addressed the crowd as did representatives of theUnited Church of Christ, Minnesota Catholic Conference andSister Annabelle Raiche who spent two weeks in the FresnoCounty Farm as a result of a UFWA picket line arrest

The march was endorsed by twenty-five state legislators,a number of prominent citizens including former SenatorEugene McCarthy and Lt. Governor Rudy Perpick, severalunions, and major church and community action organizations.

Gr.owers 'Fear boycott

Safeway Pickets Takeon Arizona Court Order

In addition to the Cooks , thefollowing persons work in theSt. Louis office: Roberto andJulia de Leon from Delano.. White River strikers; Dol­ores Sanchez and her fourchildren from Delano, whoworked on strikes there thisstimm'er; and l<amon Lara,who was on the boycott in1969 and was a striker thissummer.

Store Chain Hires~Goons'

to Harrass PicketsUF\VA for two years and wasin charge of the campaignto recall Governor Jack Wil­liams of Arizona. He and hiswife, Barbara, worked in thefield offices in Phoenix andTucson.

st Louis, Missouri -- Calif­ornia's grower techniqueshave moved to a mid-westsupermarket as Schnuck'sMarkets hired 'e goons " toharass and threaten boycot­ters picketing the stores inthe chain.

According to Richard Cookdirector of the St. Louis boy­cott, pickets will not talk tothe goons unless the 'goons'identify themselves.

Despite a temporary res':'triining order issued in alocal court, picketing has in­creased, Cooke said.

Cooke has been in St. Lo­uis for little more than' amonth. He has been with

8 EL MALCRIADO • November 16, 1973

( Phoenix, Arizona ) -- Masspicketing has marked pro­tests against a court restric­ting the right of UFWA pick­ets to ask people not to shopat Safeway.

The current court orderalso limit pickets to no morethan 15 at one store with nomore than 5in the parking lot;

As part of the protest',. ". . . ~ many pickets wore gags ar-

Baltimore Mayor W·l~m ,0..,~chaf Schaefer presents a pm 0 ound their mouth symbolizing::lamation establi~tlI, -ev.ember 6.1973 as "United Farm 5: the attack by Safeway and the'Workers Day" in Bal~tm6re tQ ~'Ycott organizer Juanita He court on the First Amendmentrrera: The proclamaU$-.: ·ea11s· the Union an onanization of the United states Consti-which has·taken its '''D~~'tQ'theAmerican labor movement" .lution.and J1as ':.. t~str~v~~,~g~.I~tly to improve the quality of life Included among the 15 picketsand to spee:d socW..W jConomic pror:ress for all selZments. most directly in violation ofof our socift:t'~· :~·::,/A~·1-"·;· :. the injuction were state Sena·

Rio ,~.".,:":::;~.-~!.p,, ..:~·.'.~.~~'.:·'-Va liey ~~sA::~:~~;ie~~t~z;'R~;~~.•··M' esentative Danny Pina, Demo-

;.-" -. "8,,0 Y'C.D\ '.t ~dvances ~:~icc~~rr~:ai~~~it:::;~senatorial candidate and past

(Alamo~ Texas)--T;,eRty sto- de, according to Orendain. The Arizona. UNICEF chairwomanres In ttl~';Rlo Grande Valley list includes Rivas, (two sto­have agr'eed to handle no scab' res) and McAllenGroce:ybothCal1for~a :lettuce or grapes in ·McAllen. -...according :to Antonio Orend- In Edinburg, Salazar's'ain, Texas. organizer for the Rivas and Valle~ Mart;, i~UFWA. San Juan, La Tienda Ama-

Three of the biggest stores . 111a and Rodrigues' Market;agreed to the boycott K-Mart. in Rio Grande City ValleyKroger l·amily Center ~d Mart have all agreed to ho-Globe, all in McAllen, agre- nor the boycott.ed to the boycott. Rivas Markets are also

"Victories over these by located in Pharr, Weslaco andpicketing gave us a strong San Benito.tool in negotiating with thf;L other stores agreeing toother stores.'" Orendain said. boycott in Weslaco; Central

Among the other markets Food Market and Robles.there are several that do a Caceres Market in EI-h~avy volume of Chicanos tu- sa also joined the boycott.

.' LABOR ANDMOVEMEN_TNEWS

Meany, Kirklandre-elected

BAL HARBOUR, Fla.--Oil companies have, so abused thepublic trust that it is time for the United States to decide ifthe oil industry should be brought under federal regulationsthe AFL-CIO Maritime Trades Dept. declared October 10:"It is time to recognize that the oil industry cannot be trustedto act in our best interest."

. The oil industry this week lias been reporting some of itshighest profits in years, putting in question the necessity ofrecent price increases for petroleum. Some of the Whoppingprofits for the 3.month period ending September 30 include:-Exxon, an 80 per cent profit gain, or $638 million--GUlf, a 91 per cent profit gain, or $231 million_ '

Publ ic mood darker

The mood of the American public is growing more pes­simistic,~according to the latest Gallup Poll. Important fac­tors contributing to the pessimism, revealed the survey in­clude: (1) D,:clining confidence in the way the nation is gove:ned"(2) frustration over. unsolved national problems, and (3) wide­spr~ad lack of faith m.key American institutions, especially bigbusmes.s ~nd la?or UnIons. 43% of the Americans surveyed arenot satisfied With the future facing themselves and their fam­ilies, a figure'll% higher than it was 10 years ago.

Nixon aided ITTRecent disclosures have indicated that Nixon personally .

intervened in a 1971 antitrust case involving International Tel.ephone and Telegraph Corp., the conglomerate which subse­quently gave $100,,000 to the 1972 GOP Convention. Nixonreportedly ordered then Attorney General Kleindienst not toappeal a court ruling favorable to ITT_ Sec. of State of Cali­fornia Edmund G. Brown has renewed his efforts to bringcharges against the huge corporation_

Oil industry abuses

forrights

Fightciv il

Sulphite and Paper Mill Wo~k­ers. He now heads the Pulpand Paper Sections of the In­ternational Federation ofChemical and General Work­ers Unions.

Shanker, 45, is presidentof the United Federation' ofTeachers Local 2, as wellas first vice president of the, HOr:'or,ing Dr~, 1(, ingAFT_ He led strikes in theNew York City schools that B.A~ HARBOUR" -Fia~-- The AFL-CIO has urged that thehad nationwide impact. blr.th.day of Martin Luther King, Jr. should be observed as an'

Stetin, 63, was born in Po. offiCial hollday_ AproposaloftheAFL-CIOconvention endorsedland, now lives in Paterson. ~ffortsof various states to commemorate the civil rights leaderN.J., and was a charter mem~ .ber of Dyers Local 1733. He 'h~lped lead an organizingdrive that formed the TextileWorkers Union of America.and became its president inJune, 1972.

BAL HARBOUR, FLA_--TqeAFL-CIO called on its affi­liates to back up labor's com­mitment to equal employmentopportunity and civil rightsat the bargaining table, inthe union hall, and in thecommunity at large.

The continuing goal, a con- .vention resolution affirmed,is to wipe 'out all vestigesof discrimination in the work­place.

Collective bargaining a­greements and upgrading pro­cedures should be scrutinizedto make sure they uconformto equal employment stan­dards_"

Sound affirmative action andmanpower programs were ci­ted as a means "to help .openthe opportunities {or upward

,mobility for minority youthand workers." ,

The convention called onunion$, central bodies, build­ing trades and industrialunion councils to utilize theservices of the AFL- CIO Hu­man Resources DevelopmentInstitute.

the action will end once andfor all Sears' 'profits be­fore people' approach to la­bor management relations"Johnson said. '

"All California workershave a vital stake In the fightpresently being carried by600 San Francisco Bay AreaTrade unionists," Henningsaid.

"If Sears' corporate ma­nagement, seated in its Chi­cago headquarters, is allowedto scorn the nation's basiclabor laws and dictate termsthat undermine prevailingwage and working conditionpractices in this area, es­pecially during a time of run­away inflation, the wages andworking conditions of all Ca­lifornia workers will be injeopardy," Henning added_

Henning urged California's1-6 million AFL-CIO unionmembers "to encourageSearsmanagement to get down tothe business of bargaining ingood faith by refusing to shopat Sears stores in all coun­ties in which they've beenput on the 'We Don't Patron-. /

Ize' list until a satisfactorycontract is ratified by theworkers.'"

at Sears'

and Sol Stetin, president ofthe Textile Workers Unionof America.

The convention unanimouslyapproved their, names alongwith 30 other council mem­bers, 24 of whom were re­elected and six who were elec­ted by the convention for thefirst time after having beennamed by the council to fillvacancies since the 1971 con­vention_

Tonelli, 67, was born inGrove City, Pa_, and becamean organizer in New YOrkCity for the former Pulo.

November 16, 1973

BAL HARBOUR, FLA_--AFL­CIO President George Meanyand Secretary - TreasurerLaine Kirkland were unani­mously re- elected as the topofficers of the federation forthe next two years along with33 vice-presidents, three ofwhom will sit on the Execu­tive Council for the first time_

The three new council mem­bers, are Joseph P_ Tonelli,president of the United Paper­workers International UnionAlbert SHanker, first vice­president of the AmericanFederation of Teachers (AFT)

10 EL MALeRIADO •

Sears stores have beenplace'd on the "We Don't pa­tronize" list by AFL-CIOCounty Central Labor Coun­cils having jurisdiction in 44of California's 58 counties.the California Labor Federa­tion, AFL-CIO announced to­day.

The action against Sears"the world's largest retailquest of LocalllOO ofthe AFL­CIO Department Store Em-,ployees Union, one of six sallFrancisco Bay Area unionsthat have been attempting invain to negotiate a contractwith Sears for more than twomonths.

"The unions' efforts have,been hamstrung by Sears' in­sistence on dictating termsfrom its Chicago headquar­ters that would undercut pre­vailing wages and workingconditions," Walter Johnson,executive officer of LocalllOOsaid.

"Sears Roebuck must nowanswer to the consumers re­garding their adamant anti-union stand. Sears' restric­tive national policies shouldbe condemned by all fair­minded citizens. Hopefully

'Don't shop

(, ­, ) I j ,

Out with Nixon

Poison paint bill

ment," said a joint statementsigned by 30 House Demo­crats.

other grounds for impeach­ment are weighty. They in­clude:

-The secret, illegal bomb-ing of Cambodia: '

-Illegal surveillance! of ci­tizens (the "Houston Plan»).

- The San Clemente/ KeyBiscayne renovations of $10million tax dollars, under theguise of increasE'd security..

-Secret donations to the 1972Nixon campaign.

-Nixon's intervention in theITT antitrust case.

- The Nixon wheat deal withthe Soviet Union.

- Illegal impoundments byNixon of funds appropriatedby Congress.

How has the President re­sponded to tlie mounting poli­tical crisis? Says Nixon,"The tougher it gets, the cool­er I get."

Consumers pay more for The alleged political con-milk as the result of alleged tributions to Nixon's re-elec­illegal corporate "political tion campaign could run ascontributions" from the na- high as two million dollars.tion's largest dairy coopera- The matter is being inves­tive, according to sworn al- tigated by the Senate Water­legations now in the hands gate committee, the Water­of federal investil;.ltors. gate prosecution force, the

The milk deal which gave FBI, the Internal RevenueSer­producers 27 cents per hun- vice and the General Account­dredweight increase in federal ing Office..supports, was granted by then Rose's allegations are con­Secretary of Agriculture Clif- tained in pretrial testimonyford Hardin on March 25,1973 given in a tangled federal courtreversing a thirteen day old lawsuit in Kansas City,deciSion not to grant price Rose said illegal moneyincreases.. went as legal fees from the

The allegations now under milk coop to Stuart Russell.investigation were made by who secretly converted theJoseph A.. Rose, Jr., a San fees to cash and checks andAntonio, Texas, lawyer who returned them to Robert Lil­was fired from his job with ly," the chief staff officer ofAssociated Milk Producers, the coop's influential politicalInc., in early September. arm.

-El MALeR IADO. November 16, 1973 I I

Sour milk deal

and cries for impeachmenthave rung out from the depths.of "Middle America." Rep.C, J. Moorhead of Glendale"one of California's most con­servative and staunchly Re­publican areas, has also beenbombarded with letters urgingNixon's impeachment. Onesuch letter from a housewiferead: "Voted twice for Nixon..Request your support of im­peachment. Sick, sick, sick."

A record 71,000 telegramspoured into Washington duringthe first 36 hours after thefiring of Cox ~

The "firestorm" did haveits effect. In a surprise re­versal of a Nixon decision,the President agreed to re­linguish the tapes. This didnot difuse the impeachmentcampaign, "however. uThePresident's belated action re­moves orily one of the groundson which we sought impeach-

"::I LIED, CH6RTED, AND COI?RUPrISD"'O 6£T WHER£ :r: AM, AND NO FOOlCfJNGI{ESS IS GOING"'-O -rAK£ I1"AwAY FJrot-1 Me,"

Tax reforms urgedThe AFL-CIO convention proposed a tax reform which

would produce an estimated $20 billion in additional reve­nue" while closing present tax loopholes. The nine reformsinclude: (1) enactment of an excess profits tax, (2) removalof the ceiling on taxatiem of the rich, and (3) eliminationof tax subsidies for 'corporations investing and profitingoverseas.' '

Standing and cheering, the 900 delegates to the recentAFL- CIO national convention in Bal Harbour, Florida approveda resolution asking President Nixon to resign and demandinghis impeachment if he did not. By aclamation, without adissenting voice, the delegates approved a statement bythe Executive Council calling on Nixon to step down "forthe good of the nation."

The statement also asked Congress to hold up consider­ation of Nixon's Vice- Presidential designate, Representa­tive Gerald R. Ford (R- Michigan) because "a Presidentwho has placed himself on the brink of impeachment shouldnot be allowed to name his successor until the charges againsthim have been disposed of satisfactorily."

Nixon's wage vetoThe AFL-CIO convention expressed labor's outrage at

Nixon's veto of the minimum wage bill, charging it wasthe payoff to companies that "sought to buy cheap laborwith their generous--and sometimes illegal--gifts to theNixon political campaign'!

Nixon's war powers -On Oct 24 Nixon vetoed a bill which would have limited

the powers ~f the President to engage in military actionsabroad.." The bill would have required the termination with­in 60 days of any military action not approved by Cengress.

twASHINGTON D.C.-- Final congressional approval was givenoct. 24, to a bill aimed at protecting children from poison­'ng by lead-based paint. Many children have died or suf­fered permanent brain damage from eating pealing paint,jprimarily in the nation's ghettos. Breathing dust fromsuch paint is also hazardous, witnesses revealed.

The bill authorizes spending $125 million over a two­~ear period on finding and eliminating sources of the healthhazard: The measure directs the Department of Health,Education and Welfare to prohibit the use of lead paint inhouses that get federal aid and in the manufacture of toysand utensils. The health bill has now been sent to the WhiteHouse for approval.

criesImpeachmenw!~Ch he.l and fury lh.l

First disbelief and confu- "worldwide alert i". Nixon Nixon's Chief of Staff couldsion, then outrage and anger had seriously miscalculated' only liken it toa 'firestorm'." "swept the nation as President- public/tolerance level. As On OCtober 23, eight dif-Nixon refused a court order a San Francisco paper de- ferent resolutions were intro-to surrender Whitehouse tapes scribed it: "Impeachment had duced in _the House of Rep-fired special prosecutor Ar- SUddenly grown from a whis- resentatives calling for 'Nix-chibald Cox, and then ordered per to a roar and the wind on's impeachment. Impeach-U.S. military forces on a swirled across the country ment is basically a call forr. investigation which requires

only a simple majority in theHouse.

Senators and congressmenhave been sharp in their at­tacks on the President. Sen­ator Harrison A.. Williams(Dem-N..J.), said that Nixon'sactions were ua.IT106 remifii­iscent of a beleaguered man ina bunker destroying himself,Itan obvious allusion to AdolfHitler. Ron Dellums and Phil­lip Burton called for impeach­ment at a. rally in Berkeleywhich was attended by rep­resentatives of the UnitedFarm Workers, the Long­shoremen, and other groups.

Labor has been particularlystrong in expressing its out­rage at Nixon's latest ma-"peuvers.. FL-CIO PresidenGeorge Meany stated: "Theevents of the last several daysprove the dangerous emotionalinstability of the President."Leaders of the InternationalLongshoremen, the United Au­to Workers, and the UnitedMine Workers have joined inwith calls for impeachment.

Along with Labor, five Am­erican religious leaders haveissued statements criticizing I

'Nixon and calling on Congressto take some action. Thedeans of 17 law schools signeda petition asking Congress tocreate a committee to "con­sider the necessity" of im­peaching Mr. Nixoii~ Mean­while the president of thepowerful American Bar As­sociation accused Nixon oftrying to "abort the estab­lished processes of justice."

In yet another action, theAmerican Civil Liberties U­nion has launched an impeach­ment campaign which has re­ceived greater response thanany appeal in the organiza­tion's history. After runninga full-page ad in various Ca­lifornia papers, the ACLUwas

:nooded with over l,OOOlett-ersand contributions of some $9thousand for the impeachmentdrive.

Public reaction to Nixon'santics has been tremendous,

Nation~

Huge corporations that havecome onto the Navajo reser­vation to exploit reserves ofoil, natural gas, coal, anduranium are supposed to givepreference for jobs to Nava­jos. But the majority ofworkers in most ofthese com­panies are non-Navajos.

In the past, Navajos havebeen shortchanged on jobseven in construction projectson the reservation. for ex­ample, the giant Four Corn~rsPower Complex, which feedselectricity using Navajo coalto big Southwestern cities,was built with only 8 per centNavajo construction crews.

Small business exploitationon the reservation is alsorife. About 80% ofthe generalstores on the reservation arecontrolled by outsiders withlittle competition and highprices. . . ..

And so the Navajo nation,like· other struggling nationsof the world, suffer the in­justice and exploitation of asystem dominated by the in~

terests of big business andtheir representatives inWashington. What responsethe findings of the Commissionon Civil Rights will get fromWashington remains to beseen. It is not easy to rec­tify the history of 400 years.

Aweakness of that earliercoalition, she underlined, wasthe black Americans wererarely consulted "on the real

'substantive decisions!' Areconstruct'ed coalition with­full participation is needed­restore American governm~nt

to the people, she said."The coalition will be a

conglomerate of men andwomen, black, brown.. red,.White, rich and poor people:people who are determined.that their home, the UnitedStates of Ameiica, shall behabitable, shall be livable,shall be st~ong and shall be

i free.»

­r'...-,

to build a reservation irri­gation system it approved in1962.

The capita income of Na­vajos 'is less than $1,000 ayear. to terms ofbuying poweran average Malaysian is betteroff.

Half of the Navaj.o popula­tion lives in rented houses ofone or two rooms. Eachho.us~ averages five occu­pants. 60% have no::- elec­tricity. 8 out of 10 have nowater or sewers. The tribeestimates that 19,281 newhouses are needed to meetthe minimum U. S. standards.

Unemployment is stagger­ingly high among the Navajos.While the national unemploy­ment rate last year was 5.6%the percentage of the Nava­jo workforce out of work oremployed only part time was56%.

she warned, "we may seenothing less than the system­.atic dismant11Bg and des­truction of the great socialprograms and the greatprecedents of humanitariangovernment."

"1 dream of an Americawhere people care whether youlive or die,N she told the­conference. To make it real,she urged the reconstructionof the "coalition of minoritygroups, the trade union move­ment and liberalsN that hadmade government under F.D.Roosevelt work on behalf of thepeople.

BAL HARBOUR, Fla.--An el­oquent black woman fromTexas, elected to Congresslast year with labor support,brought convention delegatesto their feet cheering -witha call for a new people'scoalition to turn the Americandream into reality.'

Rep. BarbaraJordan spokebitterly of the Nixon Admin­istration's attempt to abandonthe federal government'scommitment to programs setup to help people.

Unless Congress canassert itself as an effective,equal branch of government.

Navajo poverty revealed

Call for new ~oalition gets ovation

WINDOW ROCK, ARIZONA -­Holding its first hearings on·an Indian reservation, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rightsrecently looked at. the Navajonation, 137,000 strong, as ifit were a separate' country.The commission' found it tobe strikingly comparable toThird World couatries in La­tin America, Africa, and Asia- - impoverished, exploited,and despite natural resources,headed toward bankruptcy~

Some 128,000 Navajos liveon or adjacent to the largestreservation in the U. S. Aboutthe size' of West Virginia, itis noted by tourists for itsnatural beauty, its silver­smiths, and its rug weavers.

But an economic and socialstudy conducted by the Com­mission made public recentlypaints a bleak portrait ofpoverty and despair, jobless­ness and alcnholism, andmost important, neglect andbetrayal by the Federal Go­vernment, on which the Na­vajos, by treaty, were madedependent for survival.. The tribe has rights, for

. example, to Colorado Riverwater which would make thou­sands of fertile acres out ofthe now desert-like reserva­tion lands."But canals and ir­rigation systems are neededto make use of it. And while

surrounding white ranchers andindustries take increasinglympre of that water, Congresswill not grant enough money

and the Bahamas. Then therecame the news that each timethe President travels fromcoast to coast it costs the taxpayer more than $46,000.

Under testimony on OCtober16, a spokesman for the Navyreported tl1at the costs to op.erate a retreat at Camp Davidhave more. than quadrupledsince Nixon took office.

Novembe~ 16, 1973

stepped up their tactics to me­thods right out of the sciencefiction books•••The objectiveof this horror is [~;)- lold. Oneis to destroy the prisoners whorefuse to voluntarily submit todehumanization and the otheris to scare some into submis­sion by the horrors inflictedon others.» .SPRING FIELD,Mo.-The" Si:ie­cffie Tr-eatment andRehabila­tive TraiDtng .m,TART) pro­gram is· one of many suchprograms in the nation~s pri­sons. To carry it out, theprison system has used drugs,beatings, isolation and tortureto correct ffantisocial beha­vior."

START is aimed at mili­tants, radicals and troublemakers.

Opposition is also growingto the proposed new Centerfor the study and Reduction ofViolence at the University ofCalifornia at Los Angeles(UCLA). The resistance wastriggered by announcementsthat the "use ofpsychosurgeryon a selected basisW would bepermitted at the Center in or­der to study how to alter thebehavior of prisoners "withtendencies toward violent be-havior••,

home sec.urityPre$ ident ia I

Prisoners fightdehuman izat ion

"When this unity came, theauthorities began to changetactics to 'pacification'; thegreat number of prisonerswere beaten by the guards orthrown into little 'holes' fortime.

"The pacification of certainprisoners has not worked ef­fectively,

"Now the officials have

With food, medical andhousing costs reaching newheights for most Americans,it's no wonder that Nixon'slife- style' offends many ofthose who foot the bilI.

On August 7the White Housewas pressured to announcethat nearly $10 million hadbeen spent on Nixon's privatehomes in California•. Florida·'12 EL MALeR IADO •

"At one time the old methodof 'divide and conquer' wasused effectively by the officialsin prisons. They would sowracial tensions throughout theprisons to keep the prisonersdivided and fighting them­selves.

"With prisoners in thisstate of mind, ~he authoritieshad no fear of them ever be­coming politically aware, rea­·lizing·· why they were really inprison and wondering why therich were not since they alsobroke laws. They had norea­son to fear the prisoners won­dering Why they got paid' slavewages' for first rate work.

"Then awareness made itsway to the prisoners by way ofmusic and new prisoners fromthe street who had witnessedthe struggle outside or hadeven been pa.rt of it."

lashesmedia

Nixonout at"You won't have me to kick

around anymore," whimperedNixon after he had lost the­California gubernatorial elec­tions in 1962. But that wasmore than a decade ago, far

-from the ornate splendor ofthe East Room and the auraof the Presidency. An arro­gant, icy-cool Nixon confron­ted the media once again inlate October. accusing thepress -and television networksof the most "outrageous, vi­cious, distorted reporting" hehad ever witnessed.

Confronted with difficultquestions about the Mid-East,Watergate, Rebozo. and theceneral mood of the country,Nixon explained that things"do tend to get under theskin of the man who holdsthis office•••but I have learnedto expect it.-I have what ittak~s."

He expressed his confidencein Americans' ability toweather the recent storm, butplaced further blame on· themedia by stating: . "Whenpeople are -pounded night af­ter night with that kind offrantic, hysterical reporting,it naturally shakes their con­fidence."

Smiling coldly at the pressconference, Nixon explained:"Don't get the impression thatyou arouse my anger. Yousee, one can only be angrywith those he respects."

_' The President seems tohave little respect for themedia, a point of growingconcern for many AmericansWho fear possible encroach­ment on the basic rights ofexpression. The latest Ca­lifornia Poll shows that 67%of the pUblic feel the presscoverage of Watergate hasbeen fair .~.

vated by concern that statelaws designed to protect wo­men against exploitation andoppressive working conditionswould be nullified. Many ofthese laws had been passedwith labor support in the early­years of the trade union move­ment before there was a fed­eral wage-hour law or safetyand occupational health stan-dards. '

Making the case for rati­fication of the amendment, theconvention resolution citedcontinued discrimination a­gainst and exploitation of wo-

-men workers. and noted that.their average wage is only60 percent of the average formen.

The AFL- CIa amended itsown constitution at the con­vention to make clear thatthe benefits of unionism shallbe shared by all workers with­out regard to sex.

Danger drug

AFL-CIO ,DEFENDS WOMENS' RIGHTS

AS has been the case withexperimental contraceptives

, 1n Puerto Rico, MeXico andother Third World areas, De­po- Provera has been usedprincipally among low-incomewomen treated by familv plan­ning Clinics and among thementally retarded.

The Center for Law andSo-,cial Policy, a public interestlaw firm, investigated the useof the drug for contraceptionin several places in TennesseWhere they found evidence ofcoercion by welfare workerson some of the women.

A Senate subcommittee onfavorable antitrust ruling health is concerned about thefrom the government. potential dangers of the drug

Rebozo himself, in an inter- and has strongly criticized itsview Nov. I, admitted that if approval. Senator Edwardthe Internal Revenue Service Kennedy chargd that ,..therehad not become interested in is real danger that this deci­the contribution, "the money sion will result in widespread ~~~~~"~~~~""'-lllIIIwould have been used in the use of Depo- Provera in insti- Ed tor see ing or ginal ­'74 congressional campaign!' tu,tions for the mentallyretar-_ stories and poems by Chicano

As well as receiving the ded and in health clinics ser- writers in English or bi-$500,000 contribution, Mr. ving the poor and; uneducated' lingual for anthology ofNixon's friend has been ac- Chicano literature. Allcused of selling over $300,000 royalties donated to Unitedwort~ of stock stolen by the Restaurant Farm Workers. Write:Mafia. Real Colima Dr. Dorothy E- Harth De-

R b . b k 74 Porter uri ve - ,e OZO IS a an er and own Watsonville partment of Modern Lan-the only bank in Key Biscayne I\uthent~~·-~~kinq guages, Onondaga CommunityFlorida. Questions are now from the state of' College, Syracuse, New- Yorkbeing raised why a rival bank Col ima College, Syracuse, Newwas refused a charter to open ..._M_anu_el_c_ah_ero_v_,._o_wn_er__~_--:J York 13215by federal officials. 'I .....---- .....

The Food and Drug Admin­istration has approved for useas birth control a drug origin­ally licensed for other pur­poses. Depo-Provera, an in­jectible medication made bythe Upjohn Co., has been associated with sterility and withb.lnn.rlclots as well as with pro­ducing breast cancer in exper~

iments with dogs.

Nix-on defends Bebe

WASHINGTON-- PreSIdentNixon said Oct. 26 thaLhisclose friend,- C.G. Rebozo,showed"very good jUdge­ment" in holding a $500,000campaign contribution fr.ombillionaire Howard Hughes for3 years before returning it.He called Rebozo a "totallyhonest man."

Nixon maintained that hisclose friend held the moneywithout ever once mentioningit to him, conceding that thismight "sound incredible tomany people.';

One Hughes aide, RichardG• Danner, has testified thatthe funds were contributed ata time Hughes was seeking a

BAL HARBOUR, FLA.--Thecampaign for ratification ofthe Equal Rights Amendment

Congress, about the people. to the Constitution--to pro-They thought they could mani- hibit all forms of sex discri-

pulate-- everybody and they mination--will have the labormanipUlated nobody!' movement's full support.

The national reaction was Delegates to the AFL- CIa'ssuch that Nixon made a histor- lOth Convention were convinedic turnabout and agreed to the as the resolution stated, thatcourt decision to turn over the the proposed constitutional a-9 tapes in question. mendment "has become a sym

But just when it seemed that bol of commitment to equalthe air would be finally clear(>d opportunities for women andanother blow was dealt the -equal status for women."pursuit of justice. The White Three- fourths of the statesHouse reported to the courts must ratify a constitutionalthat regretably the two criti- change and the Equal Rightscal tape conversations (with Amendment is currently eightJ obo Dean and John Mitchem states ~hort of the goal. The

were nof"among'the tapes. fulfill- conve,ntlOn ~all~d on AFL-C;rothe suspicions of some critics central bodIes 10 states that

- . have not yet ratified the a-th~t Nixon had the i~criminatlOg mendment to "urge their le-eVIdence destroyed.: gislatures to act favorably

At present an investigation upon the measure.~·

is attempting to determine how Past conventions had takenand why the tapes are missing. an opposite position -- moti-Testimony by an FBI agent re-lates that all the tapes were"loaned" to Nixon's aide, Hal-derman, some weeks before.

MeanWhile, Nixon has ap­pointed a new prosecutor forthe Watergate investigation,Leon Jaworski of Texas.

Increasingly militant, theCongress is demanding th~t

the new investigator be inde­pendent of both the Presidentand the Congress; someonewhom Nixon can't fire.

Watergate tapestangle Nixon I

The Watergate investigationhas again fiared ,up in Wash­ington, signally an even higherlevel of confrontation betweenPresident Nixon and the Am­erican people. Standing on the­shaky principle of executivepriviledge, Nixon has subvert­ed the will of the courts, hasfailed to surrender needed in­formation, fired the prosecu­tor he himself appoi~t~~·

forced the resignation of At­torney General Richardsonand thumbed his nose at allc~1ticism from the Americanpeople and its press.

The confrontation -centersaround 'the tape recordingsthat Prosecutor Archibald-Coxand Senator Sam Ervin weretrying to acquire as evidencein the Watergate investigation•.Nixon refused to let go of thetapes. Federal district CourtJUdge Sirica ruled that thetapes must be turned over.

Again Nixon refused andwent to a court of appeals. Hedid not receive a favorablethere and proposed a compr~mise to Cox--giving him a se­lected interpretation of thetapes with the important con­dition that Cox give up any fur­ther attempts to solicit WhiteHouse documents._ Cox didn't buy the deal anddetermined to finish the jobfor which he had been appoint­ed. So the President orderedRichardson to fire Mr'tox.Tothe nation's surprise Richard­son refused to do so and in­stead resigned himself.

The buck was passed on tonext-in-Charge William Ruck­elhaus. He too resigned ratherthan be the hatchet man. Fin­ally the No. 3 man, Bork, tookNixon's order and fired Cox.

IfAnd so ended,"wrote aSanFrancisco journalist, "Satur­day, Oct. 20, 1973, in the 197thyear of the Republic. Theworld's oldest democracy nowhad no vice president, no at­torney general, no outsideforce to probe the suspectedsins of its government and noearly promise of surcease."

A man from the Justice De­partment summed it aU qpwhen he said about the WhiteHouse, "They made four ba­sic miscalCUlations, all aboutpeople. About Cox, about Mr.Richardson, about members of

EL MALCRIADO November 16, 1973 13

. -... ,the spy, McKenllan, fourteenMollies were :imprisoned •

Official records show thatnineteen men-- some guiltyand some innocent-- were ex"ecuted. Said Mr 'Cowan: "Thename of Molly 'Maguire being·attached to any mant~ name I , , ' '­

is sufficient to h hi" HariJans are the farmworkers of India with similar problems--ang m little money, many debts.

Nove~berl·6 1973 EL MALCRIADO 14

Peas'aJltBondage .Persi'sts, in India',Like the campesino who is semi-feudalism, in our state 'To buy chile.s....in thevillae:e.

always in debt to the contra- and others, It Professor Pra- to buy gifts for his children:­tista, or the workers caught ,sad said. who range from 4 to 10, Paranin small company towns of an "The poor are still illiter- Paswan must plead for a loanearlier day and who were al-' ate; They see the landlord as from- his landlord.ways in debt to the company a virtual savior who gives Every 'few weeks Paran Pa­store, thE hat:iians ofIndia are them the food they need, the swan is able to find temporaryalways in debt to their land- money they need. The land- work making bricks in the viI-'lords. lord takes their women, he lage. The handful of rupees

The harijans, like the farm beats their children. The poor that he earns goes to the boss.workers of this country, are have accepted it. But slOWly "During the rainy seasonfarmers without land and toil hopefully, it is c~anging~'" there's no work anywhere, inin permanent debt to the rich. According to some obseI'- the fields or in the village,­The debt does not die with the vers, change is happening. he says. "Then I beg for foodman, but is passed on to his "Previously only a frown ' from the landlord.1t

sons, so that the harijan can- ,from a landlord would bring Paswan says he doesn'tnot look to a future of hope for the landless to submission. know much about government, ,his children.- ,Now the landlords have to as- 'Qut several years agoattemp- '

The powerful system 01bon- sault the poor to keep them in ted to vote.dage has no legal basis in law place. Perhaps this is prO- ~ "People said I could vote.in India. But cust~m, illiter-- gress,"a politician said. :1 went to the school and they'acy, corruption and political To the landless laborers ini said. 'Go, "go we have givenmanipulation have merged, to the village of Ranisarai, how-, your vote away.' ~e nevermake a system dominant in d fi i t d t

been able to vote."ever, e ance s mu e • Bu

'b~ckland states. dispair and sullen anger I!;rip , Two friends sat nearby lis-Now., 26 years after Indian the village of 22 homes about tening to Paswan's words.One

independence, the system 35 miles east of Patna. said, tlIt's in our blood to re-shows few signs of dying. "The landlord lives in'Mo-' main satisfied with what we

Bondage engulfs a peasant, ha_mmedpur, over there,"said ge~" ..... The secondJriend an..:in permanent debt to a land- , !~ar~lD , Paswan, pointing to an SW~d furiously~ "I'nulot sa-,lord. By keeping wages low -adjoining villag~.-· 'iHe's a ,-ti",tioti wi~h anylhin$. I have.-:and forcing peasants to beg< rajput, I'm a harifann When I Dissahsfaction extends tofor, loans they can never repay, need, anything, I ask him. He education where the fee!ing is_:the landlord m~kes sure that says I'm lazy. But I'm not that education is a threat topeasants are, In per~anent lazy, I work hard.'P ,the landlords, and upper~Ondage to him and hiS own Like other harijans in the c~stes.,', '

on. ,,'Village , Paran Paswan lives· According to a prominentThese landless fa;,mers are' in a mud and straw hut with lawyer Chedi LalSathi, a Con­

o~l t~e lowest, or untouch- his family' The family of gress party official who works~o :umClass and,:u:eestimated four child;en arise about 5 with lower castes, "Ifhar-ijan: EffO:t~rt:5c~~~I~~~ s stem each morning to work in the ,learn their rights, if they be.-and politicize th la dl fie~ds that turn fiercely hot by come Iltl:!ratEt, then exploita-

e ness 10 a.m ' tion will have to stop":have b.~_~, met in s.ev~al'· '''If they become ~ducatedstates by murder, rape .and Their payment is food; each then who will do the meniaiterror. Nearly 200 hariJans day the family usually re- jobs the servants' work? Whare mureered,eac~year. ma.ny ,ceives two and a half pounds; will'accept the condition~ an~ 'of them followmg disputes With of wheat. wages that hariJ'ans t lerat ?"landowners. 0 ,e"

"The vfolence is rising,step by step it is increasing."said Prof. Pradhan Prasad,an economist who works at theA.N. Sinha Institute of Socialnstudies in Patna, the capitalof the state of Bihar. '

"It is the indebtedness and 'bondage that is the crux of1h~

Leaders were arrested andcharged with the crimes)'ranklin B. Gowan, president of theleading coal company, actedas court prosecutor Withthe unsupported testimony of

Spies and "Jusitce"

The coal companies hireda spy James MCParian ""housed the naQle of James Mc­Kenna and infiltrated the Mol­lies' He gained their con-fidence by-suggesting worse _,forms of terror and intimi-

dation and' eventually becametheir secretary. A series ofviolent murders took place ~----------­and the' blame was placedon,the Mollies.

of strikes resulted in the ar­rest of its leaders, JohnSineyand ~ingo Parks, fQr violation,of the PennsylvaniaantL-unlon ,criminal conspiracy law,

The Molly Maguires

The Irish anthracite coalminers turned to their ItAn­cient Order, of Hibernians" ,(Who had led the strugglesIn the 18405 against the '~n- ,

,croachment of the English,landlordS-In Ireland)' Knowna,s the Molly ,Maguires, theImmigrant miners adapted theII Order" to continue theirstruggle against the mine"owners. They ran the strlke- ,breakers out of the coal fields.

They turned to derailing,mine 'cars and burning break­ers. They lived in the hills'and sniped mine super­visers and unpopular foremen.Injuries and deaths in mine

disasters were news -itemsthatf~quently shocked the na­tion.. Working conditions werehazardous. There were' nos!lfe~ards "The illiterate mi­grants were unable to reacfany safety instructions"

Each miner was responsiblefor his own safety, as hecrawled undergrbund with adim-lighted lantern in mud,,t!i~kling water, s':!rroundedby coal dust ' and powder'smoke. The workers wereexploited ruthlessly' :.

Deductions were made fromiheir meager wages, leavingtpem completely in debt' to'the coal operators'Languageb~rriers prevented the new'arnvalS~trom organIzing.

The Miners' National As­sociation failed after a series

The Molly Ma~t~es met secretly to plan

Labor 'H istory:

Vi91ence Aga inst Min ersDuring the mOats few em­

bryonic unions survived ' theravages of time' The timeswere not ready for the na­tional union. Those that sur­vived were weak fighting in­struments against the attacksof media, legislators, , andbusiness interests.

By 1870 powerful financialsyndicates, were In controlof much of the industry.'Thousands of povertr:§trlck­en immigrant Slavs and 1-,taUans, were encouraged towork in America with promis­es of good paying jobs. Theywere herMd Into trains byhundreds, and,were.used asreplacements for Irish labororganizers in the coal mines. ,

Dangerous Working Conitions

Service Centerenforces litt I'ekno.wn law'Esther Valle, speaking from' was not re.ceivlng the neces

her room at the Leon Peters sary care at the LouisianaRehabilitation Center, :it the Chartty Hospital, where sheFresno Community Hospital, was taken after the accident·remains in good spirits. She that caused her injuries.says her doctor has indicated Ann McGregor and Pat Hal­that surgery will be fruitless, loran, of the National Farmsince damage has already Workers Service Center cUdbeen done but is not discour- the paper work necessary toaged. She is now going to effect the transfer. They alsophysical therapy twice a day filled out forms required forfor strengthening exercises. obtaining Aid to Families with

Ms. Valles was brought to Dependent Children (AFDC),.the Fresno Community Hosp- MediCal, food stamps on anital after Dr. Gary Okomoto of immediate basis, and filed ap­of the Rodrigo Terronez . plications for Social SecurityMemorial Clinic at the Forty disability, State disabilityAcres in Delano decided she and/or Aid to the TotallyDis-

abled (ATD) on behalf of the'Valle family.

During their work on thetransfer, they found they wouldneed a medical team an airambulance, a ground carrier,plus a MediCal number, pro­vider numbers for air ambul­ance servi~e and close to$2,000.

Commer(:ial air ambulanceswanted the money in advance,others had no provider numberMediCal sai "NO" they could'not foot the air costs.

Dr. Dippolett, head of theMediCal Review Team in Fre­Sno encouraged the transfer,and promised to co- operate"We'.ve no choice,we'll do it,1he said•

Dr. Okamoto, and David Den- _nis, contact attorney in New

, Orleans, were able to get theDelta Steel-Houston, (insura.-

nce company for the truckingfirm involved in the accident)to pay for the transportation.

CNA arranged fortheSchae­fer Air Ambulance, one rehab­ilitation registered nurse, twomedical technicians. one pilotand one co-pilot to transferMs. Valle, accompanied by herhusband Carlos Valle, fromthe New Orleans Charity Hos­pital to Fresno where she waspicked up byJ ones Ambulance.

That same day MedCal foundthat it is possible to take theresponsibility of transporting'a sick state resident, but ar­rangements had already beenmade through CNA. However,MedfCal did .pay the entire billat the Loufsfana hospital.

Ann McGregor says the Pro­gram Directors of these ag­encies are "completely ig-

norant", or claim to be, of theresponsibilities to their cli­ents. "We have to come in andtell the heads of the programswhat their job is. They arepaid to act in the best inter­est of their clients and don't."

"By law it is the respon­sibility of each county to re­turn disabled patients to theirhomes," she says, "neitherNew O~leans nor Kern Countywanted to accept that res­ponsibility." With persever­ence on the part of the Nat­ional Farm Workers ServiceCenter, a little-known statelaw was enforced.

•

EL TALLER GRAFICO • P.O. BOX 62

KEENE, CA.• 93531

., ....

Please include your check or money order made out toEL TALLER GRAFICO.

CITY STATE ZIP_-=--_

NAME _

Quantity Item # Price TotalPer Item

f--- .

.

SUBTOTAL~

Please ADD 10 % for Shipping ~

Total~

STREET ADDRESS _

$2.00

1974

FAR MWORKER

CALENDAR

CARNEGIE HALL POSTER30 X 48 " $3.00

ViVA C -, .~_-_..~:~~~""""'I'O •

.....~ ........1UU:Ia,A

.,... J<;;.nJfQ P't"TD, "ltdlo*CS. • ~~

: V LA C ... _ --= _

•

RINGSterling silver

Include size$15.00

FARMWORKER POSTER

$1.50

Rhodium plated $5.00

EAGLE PIN

$1.50 .

3e~e\rY

s\\O~t\

actual

size.

~~..

I'- _.- .. -_.._- ---

MAN OF COURAGELife of Cesar Chavez,for children.

'5 EL MALCRIADO November 16 !973

'-lit to II nr<1er I a'ot

rnclnslf'I(J a c 'lee "or ,11Qr.ev

5PT, 71P _

GUION: RENE G. O.~

OIIUJOS: ~RTO ALfONSO

__ bundle(s) of 50 issues in EnQlish.

__ bundle(s) of 50 issues in Sllanish.

__bundle(sl of 50 issues \Jith __ ,"sUPS in Enolish and __issues in Spanist,.

ClTy _

M:IO(SS _

El J1AlCRIA[)I).;s oubl1shed ever.1f two lojeeks. Send this form ",Hh yoor order a.s soon aspossible so that you'll receive your newSprlrJprs on til'le.

I want to help distribute El I\ALCRIAOO. Send Me:

~f'rtj your or-Ier to: [l '~_lCl!IAlin • 0.'>' ftol( (12 • I(pene, Ca. 93531 ("~'del" fCi' <:_"_

_ ·t-.....·,hl::. ,,,,,In" lorn,onl) ,f~ I" nol, \I\l(·kl\l.,c.:'""'''l~,n yourconU1lUlllty.,- ---.-...f--:.

Dfficial Voice of the United larm Workel'i;.;;;:I;;_t....o'_

H9.,~'--_.I

pressure. One after anotherknuckled under to the demandsof the union barbarians."(Growers are not the onlypeople to have "the growermentality". Have you seenany articles about supermar­ket managers, anti-UFWApo­liticians, etc., that show howthey are really growersat heart? Send them in tothe Union Resetach Dept,P. O. Box 62, Keene, Ca...93531 !! -

November 16, 1973EL MAL9RIADO16

From Desert Rancher:

Arizona Farmer-Ranchman:

Desert Rancher:"The only ones missing in

the new Chavez 'cabinet' areTed Kennedy and Msgr.George Higgins," observed alocal grape grower in com­menting about the unsurpri­sing results of the first nat-ional convention of theAFL-CIO United Farm Wor­kers of America.'t

Editorial: "The other day Iconsumed tVJo potinds of 59­cent grapes. How come? Be­cause I'm not going to letCesar Chavez run my life;"thatts how come.

Fog-headed volunteers and$75-a-week hired goons havebeen picketing some Safewaystores. Customers are urged,with insults and handbills andcrude placards I not to patron­ize Safeway. . Well, I wouldmake at least one little ges-

"ture to show that I was notmisled by such flimflammeryand to prove my independ­ence."

State Sen. H.J. Richardsonwrites about the history of ourstruggle: "Chavez picketedand agitated. The wild-eyedleftists joined in on a nationalscale. Misinformedt beguiledpeople joined the grape boy­cott The farm communityfought, but after a While, slow­ly but surely, caved in to the