canadian literature native
TRANSCRIPT
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CANADIAN LITERATURE
Aboriginal Writing
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A general understanding of some terms generally used by Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC)
Aboriginal Peoples ( original inhabitants of North America)
Inuit Metis
Indians (Indian Act 1867) Status Non – status
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Kahkewaquonaby
Ojibway Credit River
Not a written text
Oral Tradition: according to the
government oral culture is successive
mutually exclusive stages in a single, unavoidable path of cultural evolution.
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Assimilation
For Natives oral tradition is two folded
Cultural Heritage
Source of their writings
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Aboriginal orature has been misunderstoodOral literature
For Natives:
Spiritual beliefs
Moral values
Preserve knowledge of history and culture
Framework
Certain common motifs
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Trickster: our attitude that things are funny even though horrible things happen (Daniel David Moses )
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Aboriginal writings
Own conventions
In European norms: risky
Generalization of both cultures
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Writing If it is a physical composition of text = Missionary teaching Natives approx. 1780
Text-making process (missionaries dictating their stories:1652)
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Pictographs of Stein River Valley British Columbia
Roman alphabet or co-evolutionary: diverse writing system in different places
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Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
Micmac book culture
Cultural superiority
For Natives
Sacred objects
Or useless
Books and writing were (are) used as tools of deception, destruction
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In the 19th century native played the role of Noble
Savage
European fascination by primitives, disappearing race
Peter Jones – dual identity
Oratorical skills were more important – first
generation Natives, preachers, performers, lecturers
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Emily Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake) Mohawk (1861 -1913)
Cry of an Indian WifeAs Red Men DieThe White Wampum (1895)
Later in the 20th century non aboriginal published Aboriginal stories Archibald Belaney
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A CRY FROM AN INDIAN WIFE
MY Forest Brave, my Red-skin love, farewell;
We may not meet to-morrow; who can tell
What mighty ills befall our little band,
Or what you’ll suffer form the white man’s hand?
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1968 – Trudeau „ a just society, participatory democracy
We must all be equal….We can’t recognize aboriginla rights
1969 – White paper
Indian status be abolished Native services be mainstreamed Just one element of multicultural society
Aboriginal writing mainly political
The only Indian is a non-Indian
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I write this for all of you, to tell you what is it like to be a Halfbreed woman in our country. I want to tell you about the joys and sorrows, the oppressing poverty, the frustrations and the dreams
Maria Campbell: Halfbreed (1973)
Rita Joe (1932 -2007) Song of Eskasoni
Tomson Highway: Kiss of the Fur Queen
Thomas king: Green Grass, Running Water
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Assimilation to western literary paradigms
Aboriginal writing still seen as:
Other Changeless Nothing to say to humanity on a larger scale
To fight for their own right they use a language and writing system that were forced upon them as weapons
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Meegwetch