canada’s landform regions
DESCRIPTION
CANADA’S LANDFORM REGIONS. Canada’s Landform Regions. Canada is made up of 3 distinct types of landforms: Shield Lowlands Highlands The Lowlands and Highlands are further subdivided into regions. Landform #1:. Shield. The Canadian Shield. Location:. The Canadian Shield. Background: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CANADA’S LANDFORM REGIONS
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Canada’s Landform Regions
Canada is made up of 3 distinct types of landforms:
1. Shield2. Lowlands3. HighlandsThe Lowlands and Highlands are further
subdivided into regions.
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SHIELDLandform #1:
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The Canadian Shield
Location:
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The Canadian Shield
Background:• Geologic foundation of Canada• Underlies much of Canada and 2 small parts of
the US• More than half of Canada (4.8 million km2) is
covered by shield.• Contains some of the world’s oldest rock near
Great Slave Lake in NWT (3.96 billion years old) and in Quebec (approx. 4 billion years old)
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Great Slave Lake
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The Canadian Shield
Appearance/Landscape:• Rounded hills of rock that are the root of
ancient mountains• Eroding for billions of years• Relatively flat compared to other mountains• Thousands of lakes – created by glaciers that
scraped the bedrock
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Rounded Hills
Smooth, Round Rock
Thousands of Lakes
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The Canadian Shield
Features:• Formed by two types of rock: igneous and
metamorphic• Contains many of Canada’s metallic minerals:
lead, gold, copper, nickel, zinc• Diamond deposits have recently been found• No fossil fuels – Life forms that produced these
products did not exist when the Shield was created.
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The Canadian Shield
Industries:• Mining• Not a lot of farming – thin soil• Recreation/Tourism – scenic rivers, waterfalls,
forests, nature activities• Hydroelectricity
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Mining in SudburyRecreation/Tourism
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LOWLANDSLandform #2:
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Interior Plains
Location:
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Interior Plains
Background:• Part of Great Plains of North America – stretch from the
Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico• Covers a distance of 2700 km from 49oN to the Arctic
Ocean – 1300 km wide in the South but only 275 km wide in the North.
• During the formation, the Interior Plains were often covered by low inland seas. As sediments from the Shield and the Rocky Mountains settled in the sea, eventually they compacted and made sedimentary rock.
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Sedimentary Rock in NWT
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Interior Plains
Appearance/Landscape:• Not as flat as people think...• Mostly rolling hills and deep wide river valleys• Land slopes downward gradually from west to
east• 3 levels of elevation in the Prairies – each
separated by escarpment• A few lakes in Manitoba
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Rolling Hills
River near Calgary
Escarpment
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Interior Plains
Features:• Subjected to glaciation• Landscape shaped by the forces of erosion –
specifically, differential erosion.
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Alberta’s Badlands
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Interior Plains
Industries:• Oil and Gas – When the seas were replaced by
rock, the rock trapped the sea reefs which now contain much of the oil and gas found today in Alberta and Saskatchewan.
• Mining• Agriculture – especially wheat and cattle
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Alberta Oil Sands
Saskatchewan Wheat Fields
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Great Lakes—St. Lawrence Lowlands
Location:
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Great Lakes—St. Lawrence Lowlands
Background:• 2 parts: Great Lakes Lowlands and St.
Lawrence Lowlands• Separated by a thin wedge of Canadian Shield• Bedrock formed of sedimentary rock which
can be seen in some escarpments – ie. Niagara• Formed by a rift valley
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Niagara Escarpment
Layers of Sedimentary Rock
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Great Lakes—St. Lawrence Lowlands
Appearance/Landscape:• Great Lakes – rolling landscape from glaciers
“dumping” soils/sands as they moved through the region
• Flat plains, glacial hills, deep river valleys
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Hills, lakes, escarpment
River valley
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Great Lakes—St. Lawrence Lowlands
Features:• Most densely populated region in Canada• About 50% of Canada’s population lives here
and the region only cover 1.4% of Canada’s total area.
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Toronto
Montreal
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Great Lakes—St. Lawrence Lowlands
Industries:• Agriculture – excellent soils and warm climate• Manufacturing
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Steel Plant in Hamilton
The Holland Marsh in King City
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Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands
Location:
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Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands
Background:• Hudson Bay – the bay used to cover this area.
It left behind sand, silt, and clay that became sedimentary rock
• Arctic – a series of islands in Canada’s far north
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Hudson Bay Lowlands
Arctic Lowlands
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Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands
Appearance/Landscape:Hudson Bay – flat, low, swampy forestsArctic – gently rolling landscape
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Hudson Bay Swampy Forests
Arctic Rolling Landscapes
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Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands
Features:• Hudson Bay – layers of sedimentary rock rest
on top of the Shield• Arctic – harsh climate, frozen grounds not
good for farming
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Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands
Industries:• Arctic – coal (lignite), oil, natural gas deposits
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HIGHLANDSLandform #3
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Appalachian Mountains
Location:
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Appalachian Mountains
Background:• Stretch from Georgia in the Southern US to
Newfoundland• Oldest highland in North America (300 million
years old)• Formed when N. American collided with
Europe and N. Africa during formation of Pangaea.
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The Appalachians
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Appalachian Mountains
Appearance/Landscape:• Rounded/rolling mountains and hills• Plateaus of igneous and metamorphic rock• Wide glacial valleys separate hills and
mountains• “Drowned Coastline” – long, deep bays
formed by glaciers that sank the land when the ice melted
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Appalachian Mountains
Features:• Non-metallic minerals – like coal• Igneous and metamorphic rock from past
volcanic activity
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Appalachian Mountains
Industry:• Fishing• Some mining
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Innuitian Mountains
Location:
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Innuitian Mountains
Background:• Located in Canada’s far north• Mountains formed in middle of Mesozoic era• Younger than the Appalachians
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Innuitian Mountains
Appearance/Landscape:• Mountains measure over 2500m high• No vegetation because of cold climate• Vast areas covered by ice and permanent
snow
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Innuitian Mountains
Features:• Contain igneous and metamorphic rock –
mostly sedimentary• Contain similar minerals to the Appalachians
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Innuitian Mountains
Industry:• None – Temperatures are too cold and prevent
development
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Western Cordillera
Location:
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Western Cordillera
Background:• Stands along the western edge of the
continent• Geologically young mountains• Formed by collision of Pacific Plate and North
American Plate• 3 major divisions – Coast mountains, interior
plateaus, Eastern mountains
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Canada’s Western Cordillera
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Western Cordillera
Appearance/Landscape:• Many mountain ranges separated by plateaus
and valleys• Rugged mountain peaks• Only remaining Canadian glaciers (exceptions
of the Arctic)
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Mountains with Valley
Glacier
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Western Cordillera
Features:• Runs north-south, prevents a lot of access
from highways and rail lines that run east-west• Lightly populated – main areas Victoria and
Vancouver
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Train Access
Vancouver
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Western Cordillera
Industry:• Farming• Mining• Tourism/Recreation
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