canada’s involvement during world war two a brief introduction
TRANSCRIPT
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Canada’s Involvement During World War TwoA Brief Introduction
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Canada’s Initial Role
• Canadian Prime Minister MacKenzie King was “Isolationist”.
• He didn’t want Canada to get involved in the wars of Europe during the late 1930s
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Franco and Mussolini
• Mussolini invaded Abyssinia (Ethopia) in 1935.
• The League of Nations wanted to impose sanctions but King said “no!”
• The Spanish Civil War erupted in 1936-39. Canada’s policy was not to stand up to either one of these Fascist dictators (Franco, Mussolini)
Bunito Mussolini
Franciso Franco
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Norman Bethune
• Dr. Norman Bethune did get involved in the Spanish Civil War to “stop the fascists of Franco”.
• He aided the Communists in this war and would later become famous for inventing blood transfusions.
Famous Canadian Doctor, Dr. NormanBethune did get involved
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The Invasion of Poland
• On Sept 1st, 1939, the German Army invades Poland.
• On Sept 3rd, France and Britain declare war on Germany
• Canada declares war one week later on Sept. 10th, 1939. Why?
The Blitz over Poland in 1939
German Troops march intoWarsaw, Poland
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The Axis and the Allies
The Allies• Great Britain
(Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa too)
• France• Canada• Russia• The United States
(After 1941
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill,American President Franklin D. Roosevelt,And Russian President Joseph Stalin
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The Axis and the Allies
The Axis Powers:
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
Italian Leader Mussolini withGerman leader Adolf Hitler
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The Battle of Hong Kong
• After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour, they attacked Hong Kong (A British Colony)
• Many knew that Hong Kong was impossible to defend.
• More than 1,900 Canadians volunteered to defend Hong Kong. They were considered to be “Lambs to the Slaughter”
• More than 550 Canadians were killed. The rest were taken prisoner by the Japanese.
The Canadians defend Hong Kong in 1941
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Dieppe
• Of the 5,000 Canadians who stormed the beaches at Dieppe, France:
• 900 Killed, 3,300 casualties
• 1,900 soldiers were taken prisoner.
• In a word, Dieppe was a disaster Churchill Tank never made
It off the beach
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Dieppe
The steep cliffs and Beach at Dieppe, France
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Dieppe
The Planned invasion of Dieppe
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Dieppe
• Why was Dieppe a Disaster?
• Was there anything gained from this military disaster?
• Did Dieppe make D-Day a success?
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The Italian Campaign
Canadian Forces Landed with AmericanAnd British Forces at Sicily and movedNorthward towards Ortona, Italy
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The Battle of Ortona• In 1943, American,
Canadian and British forces landed on the Italian Island of Sicily.
• Canadian Troops moved North eventually making it to Italian city of Ortona where they met heavy German resistance.
• The Canadians fought well at Ortona. However, it was at a great cost:
• 502 dead and 1,873 wounded.
• In Italy, 6,000 Canadians died
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The Battle of Ortona
Street Warfare: Typical“Guerilla” type battleConditions during theBattle of Ortona
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D-Day
• D-Day was launched on June 6th, 1944
• 5,000 ships crossed the English Channel
• 107,000 troops stormed the beaches at Normandy, France.
• 14,000 Canadian troops landed at Normandy at Juno Beach.
• 110 Canadian warships took part
Troops Landing at Normandy, France
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D-Day
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D-Day
• Canadian Troops were the left flank of the coordinated Allied attack at Normandy.
• After securing the beachhead, Canadian troops advanced eastward and were eventually successful in liberating Holland in the Spring of 1945.
• Canadian war veterans are still honored in Holland for the essential role they played in the liberation of their country
Landing at D-Day
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Canada’s Commitment: The Facts
• Over 1 Million Canadians served in World War Two
• 45,000 Canadians were killed
• 55,000 were seriously wounded