Camera Functions • Shooting Mode• ISO (film’s sensitivity to light)

• Meter (measures light in a scene and calculates proper exposure)

• Aperture (controls the intensity of light)

• Shutter speed (controls the amount of time light exposes film for)

Shooting Modes• Professional modes:• Manual• Aperture• Shutter• Program • Auto • Portrait • Landscape • Sport (action)• Night

• Slow Shutter• Foliage• Snow• Beach• Fireworks• Indoor

Additional shooting modes:

Portrait: main subject in focus, blurred background

Night Portrait: flash activated, show shutter to expose bkgd

Beach/Snow: Bright light fools meter, will “close down” for detail

Landscape: no flash, distance focusSunset: no flash, silhouette, slow shutter

Closeup/macro: focus very close to lens, use tripod

Backlight: flash activated to “fill in foreground”Off: turns off all settings for manual adjustments

ISO

• Film ISO speed = is the number that indicates the film’s (Camera light sensor CCD) sensitivity to light.

• You must set the ISO on your camera.

• ISO:• (film’s sensitivity to light)• The higher the number, the more

sensitive or ‘faster’ the film; the lower the number, the ‘slower’ the film.

Full ISO’s

ISO ISO ISO ISO

100 200 400 800

Full ISO’s either double or half as you move from

one to the other 1/2X - 2X

Ex – ISO200 is twice as fast or twice as light sensitive as ISO100. Similarly, ISO200 is half as fast or half as light

sensitive as ISO100.ISO ISO ISO ISO100 200 400 800

ISO (film’s sensitivity to light)

• ISO 50 / ISO 100: Bright Sun, Portrait Mode, Beach, Snow, Indoor Flash

• ISO 200 / ISO400: Cloudy Day, Sports, Fast Shutter Speeds Bright Sun, Landscape

• ISO 400 + : Low Light, Indoor Without a Flash, Night, Fast Shutter Speeds During Cloudy Day

Meter• The meter measures the amount of light in

the scene and calculates the best exposure value.

• Most 35mm cameras have exposure meters built into them. Some in-camera meters set exposure automatically, but we can override this function and set the meter ourselves using the apertures and shutter speed.

• All in-camera meters are reflective – measure the light reflected by the subject.

• A second type of meter is incident – measure the light falling on the subject.

Meter

• Most DSLR camera meters are the averaging type, reading the entire picture area.

Meter

• Evaluative (Matrix)• Evaluates entire picture frame and takes an

average of multiple zones throughout scene• Center Weighted• Averages the exposure of entire frame but gives

extra weight to the center to 18 degrees out• Spot • Meters subject in center (or at selected AF

point;) only “spot” 3 degrees from center will be metered and ignoring rest of frame. (best for backlighting, macro, moon)

METERING:Make sure your AF sensor is placed on main subject for the exposure reading; especially in areas with high contrast (areas of blacks and

whites)

Drive Mode• Single Shot• Press on the shutter release button and takes

one picture

• Continuous• Press on the shutter release button and it

takes continuous pictures until you release the button

• Self Timer• Press on the shutter release button and the

camera has a delay until the picture is taken.

Image Exposure

ExposureExposure = Intensity of Light (X)

Time

• Intensity = is controlled by the aperture (f/stop) of the camera’s lens

• Time = is controlled by the shutter (shutter speeds) on the camera

• ISO = film’s sensitivity to light

Unit Of Measurement

• The unit of measurement used to measure light is called a “Stop”.

• Some Cameras use 1/3 stop increments, but we will be using FULL Fstops

f/stops in 1/3 increments

f/2.8f/4.5f/7.1f/11f/18f/29

f/3.2f/5.0f/8f/13f/20f/32

f/3.5f/5.6

f/9f/14f/22

f/4f/6.3

f/10f/16f/25

Full - f/stops

Full f/stops either half or double as you move from

one to the other

2X - 1/2X

REVIEW:F8 is half or double the amount of light as F11?

Shutter speeds in 1/3 increments

1/151/401/1001/2501/6401/1600

1/201/501/1251/3201/8001/2000

1/251/601/1601/4001/1000

1/30f/80f/2001/5001/1250

Full Shutter Speeds

Full shutter speeds either double or half as you move

from one to the other

2X - 1/2X

REVIEW:

1/500 is half or twice as fast as 1/250?

Review:

• If 1/500 is twice as fast as 1/250, is that double or half the amount of light?

Review:

• If 1/500 is twice as fast as 1/250, is that double or half the amount of light?

• Half as much light because it’s half the amount of time as 1/500.

What to study Hands-on Quiz

• Set Exposure- Where / How do we adjust• Set ISO-Where / How do we adjust• Set F-stops- Where / How do we adjust• Set Shutter Speeds- Where / How do we adjust• Remove / add lens• Turn on/off• Set Shooting Mode• Pack Camera Bag and handle camera