cambridge international examinations cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 ucles 2018...

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This document consists of 31 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (NH/CGW) 154059/7 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over *7298444082* GEOGRAPHY 0460/12 Paper 1 October/November 2018 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Calculator READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown. Answer three questions, one from each section. The Insert contains Figs. 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 for Question 3, Fig. 5.2 for Question 5, and Figs. 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 for Question 6. The Insert is not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Definitions MEDCs – More Economically Developed Countries LEDCs – Less Economically Developed Countries This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate. Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

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Page 1: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

This document consists of 31 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.

DC (NH/CGW) 154059/7© UCLES 2018 [Turn over

*7298444082*

GEOGRAPHY 0460/12Paper 1 October/November 2018 1 hour 45 minutesCandidates answer on the Question Paper.Additional Materials: Ruler Calculator

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Write your answer to each question in the space provided.If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.

Answer three questions, one from each section.

The Insert contains Figs. 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 for Question 3, Fig. 5.2 for Question 5, and Figs. 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 for Question 6.The Insert is not required by the Examiner.Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

DefinitionsMEDCs – More Economically Developed CountriesLEDCs – Less Economically Developed Countries

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

Cambridge International ExaminationsCambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

Page 2: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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0460/12/O/N/18© UCLES 2018

Section A

Answer one question from this section.

1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and 1.2, which show population pyramids for two areas in India (an LEDC). Bihar (Fig. 1.1) is a rural area. Delhi (Fig. 1.2) is an urban area.

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

female

Population pyramid for Bihar

male

0200040008000 6000

80+75–7970–7465–6960–6455–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–3425–2920–2415–1910–145–90–4

economicallyactive

youngdependent

olddependent

economicallyactive

youngdependent

olddependent

population (000s)

age

Fig. 1.1

0 200 400 600 800

female

economicallyactive

youngdependent

olddependent

economicallyactive

youngdependent

olddependent

Population pyramid for Delhi

population (000s)

male

02004008001000 600

80+75–7970–7465–6960–6455–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–3425–2920–2415–1910–145–90–4

age

Fig. 1.2

Page 3: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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0460/12/O/N/18© UCLES 2018 [Turn over

(i) How many people in Bihar are male aged 0 to 4?

......................... thousands [1]

(ii) Describe two differences between the young dependent population in Bihar and Delhi.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) What evidence in Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 suggests that:

the birth rate is high in Bihar .............................................................................................

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rural depopulation has taken place in Bihar ......................................................................

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there is gender imbalance in Delhi? ..................................................................................

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(iv) Suggest reasons why birth rates are high in Bihar.

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Page 4: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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0460/12/O/N/18© UCLES 2018

(b) Study Fig. 1.3, which predicts how the number of people in different age groups in India will change between 2000 and 2100.

20000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

Total population by age group

Key

15–640–14

65+

(young dependent)(economically active)(old dependent)

2050year

population(millions)

2100

estimate

Fig. 1.3

Page 5: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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0460/12/O/N/18© UCLES 2018 [Turn over

(i) Using Fig. 1.3 only, compare the proportion of dependent population to economically active population (the dependency ratio) of India in 2000 to that which is expected in 2050. Use statistics in your answer.

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(ii) Suggest reasons why the number of people aged 65 and over in India is expected to increase rapidly by 2100.

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Page 6: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(c) For a named country you have studied, describe the problems caused by an increase in its dependent population.

Name of country .........................................................

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[Total: 25]

Page 7: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 2

Page 8: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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2 (a) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows data about five urban areas in Canada in 2015.

Urban areaPopulation growth rate

(%)Unemployed

(%)Crime index

(0 = low1 = high)

Doctors (per 1000 people)

Average household

income(Canadian

$)

Calgary 6.56 4.0 0.32 2.46 125 733

Halifax 5.86 6.3 0.42 3.74 79 348

Montreal 4.17 9.2 0.50 2.34 61 159

Vancouver 10.39 6.0 0.52 2.43 81 066

Vernon 2.39 6.0 0.60 2.83 68 676

Fig. 2.1

(i) Tick the two features in the table below which are typical of an urban area.

Tick (3)

Large amounts of farmland and woodland

Low population density

Most areas are occupied by houses, shops, offices and factories

National Parks

Very little open space

[1]

(ii) Using Fig. 2.1 only, identify the urban area where:

– crime is most likely ........................................

– health care is likely to be the poorest. ........................................ [2]

(iii) Identify the urban area listed in Fig. 2.1 which you think has the highest quality of life. Justify your choice.

Urban area .........................................................

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Page 9: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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0460/12/O/N/18© UCLES 2018 [Turn over

(iv) The urban area of Vancouver has the fastest growing population. Suggest four different problems which could be faced by people living in Vancouver as a

result of this rapid growth.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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3 ........................................................................................................................................

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4 ........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) Study Fig. 2.2, an article about traffic in the city of Vernon, Canada.

Traffic jams on 27th and 32nd Streets, accidents and angry drivers in the City of Vernon – this is exactly what city planners want to avoid in the future. Planners want to create more roads and invest in new and improved public transport to take traffic away from Vernon’s busiest roads. The Director of Engineering said, ‘If nothing is done you will see an increase in traffic and an increase in accidents’.

Fig. 2.2

(i) Explain why it is important to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas such as Vernon.

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Page 10: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(ii) Suggest ways in which the public transport system might be developed in Vernon during the next thirty years to reduce traffic problems.

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Page 11: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(c) For a named urban area you have studied, describe a change in land use and explain why this change in land use has caused conflict.

Name of urban area .........................................................

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[Total: 25]

Page 12: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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Section B

Answer one question from this section.

3 (a) Study Fig. 3.1, which shows the Notsuke peninsula in Japan.

Shibetsu

Odaito

Narawara

Todowara

0 5 10

km

15

Notsuke Peninsula

Flower Road

prevailing wind

road

town

KeyNemuro Strait

N

Fig. 3.1

(i) Which type of coastal landform is the Notsuke peninsula?

Circle your answer in the list below.

bay headland spit [1]

(ii) What is the distance and direction from Odaito to Narawara?

Distance ........................................ km

Direction ........................................ [2]

(iii) Suggest how the Notsuke peninsula was formed by coastal processes.

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Page 13: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(iv) There are large areas of sand dunes on the Notsuke peninsula. Explain how sand dunes are formed.

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(b) Study Figs. 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 (Insert), which are photographs taken on a coastline.

(i) Using information from Figs. 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 only, identify three opportunities which coastlines provide for people.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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3 ........................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Coastlines experience hazards such as coastal erosion and tropical storms. Describe the problems which may be faced by people as a result of these hazards.

Coastal erosion .................................................................................................................

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Tropical storms ..................................................................................................................

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Page 14: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(c) Explain the formation of a cliff and wave-cut platform. You should include a labelled diagram or series of diagrams.

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[7]

[Total: 25]

Page 15: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 4

Page 16: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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4 (a) Study Fig. 4.1, which shows lines joining together places of equal rainfall (isohyets) in Namibia.

400 mm

300 mm

350 mm

250 mm

200 mm

150 mm

100 mm50 mm

450 mm

500 mm550 mm

600 mm650 mm

700 mm

ZAMBIA

Tropic ofCapricorn

Atlantic Ocean

BOTSWANA

COLDCURRENT

PREVAILING WINDS

SOUTH AFRICA

0 200km

400

ANGOLA

N

500 mm isohyetinternational boundary

Key

Fig. 4.1

(i) A desert is defined as an area with less than 250 mm of rainfall.

On Fig. 4.1 shade the area of less than 250 mm of rainfall in Namibia. [1]

(ii) Describe two other characteristics of a hot desert climate.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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Page 17: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(iii) Explain why there is a large area of hot desert in Namibia by referring to the following factors shown in Fig. 4.1:

latitude ...............................................................................................................................

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the prevailing winds ...........................................................................................................

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the ocean current. .............................................................................................................

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(iv) Explain why a hot desert may form near mountains (in a rain shadow).

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Page 18: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(b) Study Fig. 4.2, which shows a food web in an area of low rainfall.

Badger

RaptorCoyote Mountain Lion

Snake

Small Predators,Carnivores,Insectivores

Large Predators

Primary Consumers

Lizards andsmall reptiles

Squirrel andother small rodents

plants such asSagebrush andRabbitbrush

= energy flow

Soil Bacteria

Prickly Pear CactusNutrientsreturnedto soil

Desert Wildflowers

InsectsPronghorn andother grazers

Bat

Primary Producers

Key

Fig. 4.2

Page 19: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(i) Using Fig. 4.2, describe three different ways in which the natural vegetation, soil and wildlife are dependent on each other.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Describe the characteristics of vegetation which make it able to survive in areas where rainfall is low.

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Page 20: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(c) For a named area of tropical rainforest you have studied, describe and explain the characteristics of the vegetation.

Name of area of tropical rainforest .........................................................

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[Total: 25]

Page 21: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 5

Page 22: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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Section C

Answer one question from this section.

5 (a) Study Fig. 5.1, which shows information about changes in employment in Vietnam (an LEDC).

1009080706050percentage of

workforce40

2010

1990 20100

30

agriculture

Key

mining

manufacturing

tertiary

quaternary

Fig. 5.1

(i) Using Fig. 5.1, identify a primary industry.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Give one example of each of the following:

– manufacturing

...........................................................................................................................................

– tertiary employment.

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(iii) Using Fig. 5.1 only, describe the changes in employment in Vietnam between 1990 and 2010.

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Page 23: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(iv) Explain why the employment structure of a country changes as it develops.

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Page 24: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(b) Study Fig. 5.2 (Insert), which shows Danang City in Vietnam.

(i) Describe the location of Hoa Khanh Industrial Park.

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(ii) Industries located at Hoa Khanh Industrial Park include agriculture and seafood processing factories, packaging manufacturers and the assembly of high technology equipment.

Using information from Fig. 5.2, suggest why industries such as these have been located at Hoa Khanh Industrial Park.

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Page 25: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(c) For a country or area which you have studied, describe the importance of different methods of energy supply.

Name of country or area .........................................................

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[Total: 25]

Page 26: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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6 (a) Study Fig. 6.1, which shows information about the number of international tourists arriving in Corfu, a Greek island, between 2004 and 2013.

1000

900

800

700

touristarrivals

(thousands)

600

500

400

300

200

100

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008year

by air

on cruise ships

Key

2009 2010 2011 2012 20130

Fig. 6.1

(i) What is meant by a tourist?

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.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Complete Fig. 6.1 by plotting the following information:

– 950 000 tourists arrived by air in 2013. [2]

Page 27: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp… · 2 UCLES 2018 0460/12/O/N/18 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and

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(iii) Describe the changes in the number of tourists arriving on cruise ships between 2004 and 2013. You should include statistics in your answer.

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(b) Study Fig. 6.2 (Insert), a map showing Corfu, along with Figs. 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 (Insert) which are photographs taken in Corfu.

(i) Suggest three different ways in which people who live in Corfu might benefit from tourism.

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(ii) Suggest two problems which tourism might cause for people who live in Corfu and two problems which it might cause for the local natural environment.

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(iii) Using evidence from Figs. 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 only, explain why Corfu attracts tourists.

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(c) For a named area where tourism is important, explain how the negative impacts of tourism are managed.

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Additional Pages

If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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