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Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY 0460/01

Paper 1 Geographical themes For Examination from 2016

SPECIMEN PAPER

1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

Additional Materials: Calculator Ruler

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.

Write in dark blue or black pen.

You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES

Write your answer to each question in the space provided.

If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.

Answer three questions, each from a different section.

The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 2, Photograph D for Question 3 and Figs 8A and 8B for Question 5.

Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

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© UCLES 2013 0460/01/SP/16

Section A

Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows population density in Mali (a country at a lower level of

development in Africa).

River Niger

Key

fewer than 11.0 to 22.1 to 10more than 10

annual precipitation

10° W 0° N

ALGERIA

NIGER

NIGERIA

BENIN

TOGOGHANA

IVORY COAST

LIBERIA

GUINEASIERRALEONE

BURKINA FASO

MALIMAURITANIA

Timbuktu

0 500km

20° N

15° N

100mm

100mm

400mm

1000mm10° N

Population density (people per km2):

SégouKita

Nioro du Sahel

Bia

Sigasso

SanKoulikoro

Bamako

Mopti

N

Location of Mali

Fig. 1

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© UCLES 2013 0460/01/SP/16 [Turn over

(i) Which part of Mali has the lowest population density?

[1]

(ii) Describe two features of the location of areas where population density is over

10 people per square kilometre.

1

2

[2]

(iii) Suggest reasons why the population of Mali is unevenly distributed.

[3]

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(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows population statistics for Mali between 2000 and 2005.

year birth rate death rate net migration life expectancy

2000 49.23 19.10 – 0.37 46.66

2001 48.79 18.71 – 0.36 47.02

2002 48.37 18.32 – 0.35 47.39

2003 47.79 19.21 – 0.34 45.43

2004 47.29 19.12 – 0.33 45.28

2005 46.77 19.05 – 0.33 45.09

Fig. 2

(i) Calculate the population growth of Mali in 2005. You must show how you worked out

your answer.

[3]

(ii) Explain why birth rates are still high in countries at a lower level of development such as

Mali.

[4]

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(iii) Describe and suggest reasons for the changes in life expectancy in Mali between 2000 and 2005.

[5]

(c) Choose any example of international migration which you have studied and name the

countries between which people moved. Explain why many people made the decision to migrate. You should refer both to pull and to push factors.

International migration chosen from to

[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

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2 (a) Study Fig. 3, which shows the location of the CBD and two modern shopping centres in Sheffield, a city in the UK.

A57A6

1

A61

A6135

A57A57

A621

A621

A621

A625

A625

A625

River Don

SHEFFIELDSHEFFIELDSHEFFIELD

ROTHERHAMROTHERHAMROTHERHAM

2

2 Crystal Peaks

1 Meadowhall

0 5

km

M1

M1

1134

33

31

30

A57

M18

A630

A630A630A630

A6135

A6135

A6135

A6102

A6102

A6102

River Don

32

31

motorwayKey

Modern shopping centres:

motorway junction

river

‘A’ road

urban area

CBD

N

Fig. 3 (i) What is meant by the initials CBD?

[1]

(ii) Meadowhall and Crystal Peaks are modern shopping centres. Identify one similarity and

one difference between their locations.

[2]

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(iii) Use evidence from Fig. 3 to suggest reasons for the location of Crystal Peaks shopping centre.

[3]

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(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows a hierarchy of settlements and services, and Photographs A, B and C (Insert).

• Largerailway station

• Indoor shoppingcentre

• Theatres • Museums• Large sports stadium• Department stores• Specialist shops

• University• Hospital

• Supermarkets • Bus station• Banks • Travel agents

• Leisure centre • Secondary school

• Doctors’ surgery • General store/Post office• Church • Primary schoolVillages

Towns

Cities HIGHORDER

SPHEREOF INFLUENCE

MIDDLEORDER

LOWORDER

SMALL

LARGE

Fig. 4 (i) Photographs A, B and C (Insert) were taken in three different types of settlement.

For each photograph, state whether it was taken in a city, a town or a village, judging by the services shown.

A

B

C

[3]

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(ii) Use the information in Fig. 4 to explain what is meant by hierarchy of settlements and services.

[4]

(iii) Explain why people travel further for some shops and services than for others.

[5]

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(c) The building of new housing, roads and services often results in urban sprawl. Name an example of a town or city which you have studied where urban sprawl has taken

place. Describe its effects on people and the natural environment.

Name of town or city

[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

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TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 3

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Section B

Answer one question from this section. 3 (a) Study Fig. 5A, which shows the location of the Mojave Desert, along with Fig. 5B, a graph

showing its climate.

Canada

Mexico

USA

CALIFORNIA

NEVADA

N

UTAH

ARIZONA

Area shown by Fig. 5A

Pacific Ocean

Mojave Mojave DesertDesertMojave Desert

0 250km

Fig. 5A

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0

5

J F M A M J J A S O N D

prec

ipita

tion

(mm

)

tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

10

months

15

20

25

30

35

40 0

10

20

30

40

Fig. 5B (i) Estimate the total annual precipitation in the Mojave Desert.

[1]

(ii) What is the annual temperature range in the Mojave Desert? You must show how you

worked out your answer.

[2]

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(iii) Describe the location of the Mojave Desert.

[3]

(iv) Explain why tropical desert areas, such as the Mojave Desert, are hot and dry. You may

use labelled diagrams or sketch maps in your answer.

[4]

(b) Study Photograph D (Insert), which shows vegetation in part of the Mojave Desert. (i) Describe the main features of the vegetation shown in Photograph D.

[3]

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(ii) Explain the effects of climate on the natural vegetation in tropical desert areas.

[5]

(c) Many areas of natural vegetation are at risk from deforestation. Name an area of tropical

rainforest which you have studied and explain the causes and effects of deforestation.

Name of area of tropical rainforest

[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

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4 (a) Study Fig. 6, a map showing the drainage basin of the River Lee in the south of the UK.

R. LEE

R. LE

E

R. ASH

R. RIB

R. B

EANE

R. STORT

GreaterLondon

Enfield Waltham Abbey

Epping

rivers

built upareas

watershed0 15

km

Key

30

Harlow

Sawbridgeworth

WareHertford

Hoddesdon

Cheshunt

Hatfield

Stevenage

N

Y

Luton

Welwyn Garden

City

BishopsStortford

X

Fig. 6

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(i) Name a tributary of the River Lee.

[1]

(ii) Give two reasons why the amount of water in the river is greater at X than Y.

1

2

[2]

(iii) Suggest three likely differences between the shape of the river valley at X and at Y.

1

2

3

[3]

(iv) Explain how the River Lee might bring both benefits and problems for people who live in

Hertford.

[4]

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(b) Study Fig. 7, a diagram showing a waterfall and gorge.

debris washeddownstream

direction of flow

original plunge pool

hard rock(limestone)

soft rock

former positionof waterfall

bouldersfrom rockfall

river

Fig. 7 (i) The river is eroding by hydraulic action, corrasion (abrasion) and corrosion. Define each of these terms.

Hydraulic action

Corrasion (abrasion)

Corrosion

[3]

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(ii) Explain how the waterfall and gorge shown in Fig. 7 have been formed.

[5]

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(c) Explain how an oxbow lake is formed. You should include fully labelled diagram(s).

[7] [Total: 25 marks]

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Section C

Answer one question from this section. 5 (a) Study Fig. 8A (Insert), which shows information about the physical geography of New

Zealand, along with Fig. 8B (Insert), which shows information about pastoral farming in New Zealand.

(i) What is meant by pastoral farming?

[1]

(ii) Using Fig. 8B (Insert), identify a region: A where more dairy cattle are kept per square kilometre than beef cattle;

[1]

B which is one of the most important sheep farming regions in New Zealand.

[1]

(iii) Use evidence from Fig. 8B (Insert) to identify differences in farming between Taranaki

and Hawke’s Bay.

[3]

(iv) Suggest reasons why more cattle are kept on North Island than on South Island.

[4]

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(b) Study Fig. 9, which shows the location of meat processing factories in New Zealand.

Napier

Wellington

Christchurch

0 250km

Dunedin

Invercargill

Auckland

Key

Meat processing factoriessheep (lamb)cattle (beef)

main citiesN

Fig. 9 (i) Describe the distribution of meat processing factories in New Zealand.

[3]

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(ii) Suggest reasons for the distribution of meat processing factories in New Zealand.

[5]

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(c) Economic development may cause problems for the natural environment. For an area you have studied explain how the environment is at risk from economic

development.

Name of area

[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

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TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 6

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6 (a) Study Fig. 10, a scatter graph which shows the relationship between GDP and the percentage of population with access to safe water in ten countries.

GDP is an indicator of the wealth of a country.

10 2000

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

8 000

9 000

10 000

GDPper

capita(US$)

11 000

12 000

13 000

14 000

15 000

16 000

17 000

18 000

19 000

20 000

30 40 50

population with access to safe water(%)

60 70 80 90 100

Portugal

Argentina

Malaysia

ThailandRomania

China

GuatemalaMorocco

Bolivia

Ethiopia

Fig. 10

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(i) Which country has a GDP per capita of US$8 200 and 62% of its population has access to safe water?

[1]

(ii) What is the general relationship shown by Fig. 10 between GDP per capita and the

percentage of population with access to safe water? Use examples and figures to illustrate your answer.

[2]

(iii) Suggest three reasons why there is better access to reliable supplies of safe water in

some countries than there is in others.

1

2

3

[3]

(iv) Explain how providing reliable supplies of clean water in countries at lower levels of

development improves the quality of life of the people.

[4]

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(b) Study Fig. 11, which is an article from a website about drought in Portugal. Portugal is a country at a high level of development in Europe.

Drought threatens water supply for 10 percent of Portuguese Portugal is suffering its worst drought in decades. The country received an average of 542 millimetres of precipitation in 2004, compared with an average annual precipitation of 930 millimetres between 1961 and 1990. The dry weather, which has harmed crops and caused livestock to starve, continued into 2005, with the country experiencing precipitation levels which were less than 20% of normal levels in January. The regions most at risk are those in the centre and south of the country, which rely mostly on wells instead of dams for their water. In January the Environment Minister threatened to ration water in the southern province of Algarve, if the region did not receive enough rain by the end of the year. Tourism industry officials had condemned talk of water rationing, arguing it could frighten visitors away from the Algarve, the nation’s main tourist centre. Environmentalists estimate Portugal wastes some three billion litres of water each year.

Fig. 11

(i) Use evidence from Fig. 11 to suggest three reasons why people are short of water in

some regions of Portugal.

1

2

3

[3]

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(ii) Describe methods which could be used to reduce water shortages.

[5]

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Copyright Acknowledgements Question 2 Photograph A S. Sibley © UCLES Question 2 Photograph B S. Sibley © UCLES Question 2 Photograph C S. Sibley © UCLES Question 2 Photograph D S. Sibley © UCLES Question 6 Figure 11 © www.terradaily.com 7 September 2006 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2013 0460/01/SP/16

(c) Name an area which you have studied where the tourist industry is important. Explain why the tourist industry has grown up in the area. You should refer in detail to the

area’s physical and human attractions.

Name of area

[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

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