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Cambridge Histories are a globally respected series of history books, authored by distinguished scholars. They offer a contextualized overview, suggesting how events are related to one another and presenting history as a continuous and evolutionary process. Because they offer a big picture perspective in each subject area, Cambridge Histories are an excellent place to begin research.

Cambridge Histories Online is the online version of the printed series and includes over 350 titles, with content added every month. It is fully searchable by author, title and subject. Content is available as a complete collection, or in smaller subject collections.

2015 CHO A5L 4pp.indd 2 7/5/2015 10:21:47 AM

Cambridge Histories Subject CollectionsCambridge Histories titles are now also available in smaller, subject-based collections.

›› American History 47 titles

›› Ancient history & classical studies 32 titles

›› Asian history 60 titles

›› British & European history 57 titles

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T H E C A M B R I D G E H I S T O RY o f t h e

R O M A N C E LA N G U A G E S

This Cambridge History is the most comprehensive survey of the historyof the Romance languages ever published in English, offering major andoriginal insights into the subject. Informed by the latest advances inRomance linguistics and general linguistic theory, it engages with new andoriginal topics that reflect wider-ranging comparative concerns, such asthe relation between diachrony and synchrony; morphophonologicalpersistence; form–function relationships; morphosyntactic typology;pragmatic change; the structure of written Romance; and lexical stability.

Volume I is organized around the two key recurrent themes ofpersistence (structural inheritance and continuity from Latin) andinnovation (structural change and loss in Romance). An important andnovel aspect of the volume is that it accords persistence in Romance afocus in its own right rather than treating it simply as the background tothe study of change. At the same time, it explores in depth the patterns ofinnovation (including loss) at all linguistic levels. The result is a richstructural history which marries together data and theory to produce newperspectives on the structural evolution of the Romance languages.

list of volumes

i Structures edited by martin maiden, john charles smith and adam ledgeway

ii Contexts edited by martin maiden, john charles smith and adam ledgeway

‘A refreshing overview of an immense corpus of knowledge.’Fernando Sánchez Miret, Universidad de Salamanca

T H E

C A M B R I DG E

H I S T O RY O F

TH E

R O M A N C E

LA NG UAG E S

v o l u m e i

s t r u c t u r e s

contents of volume i

1 Romance linguistics and historical linguistics.Reflections on synchrony and diachronyrosanna sornicola

2 Syllable, segment and prosodymichele loporcaro

3 Phonological processes michele loporcaro

4 Morphophonological persistence martin maiden

5 Morphophonological innovation martin maiden

6 Change and continuity in form–functionrelationships john charles smith

7 Morphosyntactic persistencegiampaolo salvi

8 Syntactic and morphosyntactic typology andchangeadam ledgeway

9 Pragmatic and discourse changes maria m. manoliu

10 Word formation brigitte l. m. bauer

11 Lexical stability arnulf stefenelli

12 Lexical change steven n. dworkin

13 Latin and the structure of written Romancechristopher j. pountain

14 Slang and jargons john trumper

About the editors

martin maiden is Professor of the RomanceLanguages and Director of the Research Centre forRomance Linguistics at the University of Oxford.

john charles smith is Faculty Lecturer inFrench Linguistics and Deputy Director of theResearch Centre for Romance Linguistics at theUniversity of Oxford, and a Fellow of St Catherine’sCollege, Oxford.

adam ledgeway is Head of the Department ofItalian and Senior Lecturer in Romance Philology atthe University of Cambridge, and a Fellow ofDowning College, Cambridge.

printed in the united kingdom

This Cambridge History is the mostcomprehensive survey of the history of theRomance languages ever published in English,offering major and original insights into thesubject. Informed by the latest advances inRomance linguistics and general linguistic theory,it engages with new and original topics thatreflect wider-ranging comparative concerns, suchas the relation between diachrony and synchrony;morphophonological persistence; form–functionrelationships; morphosyntactic typology;pragmatic change; the structure of writtenRomance; and lexical stability.

Volume I is organized around the two keyrecurrent themes of persistence (structuralinheritance and continuity from Latin) andinnovation (structural change and loss inRomance). An important and novel aspect of the volume is that it accords persistence inRomance a focus in its own right rather thantreating it simply as the background to the studyof change. At the same time, it explores in depththe patterns of innovation (including loss) at alllinguistic levels. The result is a rich structuralhistory which marries together data and theory to produce new perspectives on the structuralevolution of the Romance languages.

T H E C A M B R I DG E

H I S T O RY O F

TH EROMANCE

LA NG UAG E SV O LU M E I

s t r u c t u r e s

E D I T E D B Y

M A R T I N M A I D E N

J O H N C H A R L E S S M I T H

A N D A D A M L E D G E WAY

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T H E C A M B R I D G E

H I S T O RY O F

THE FIRST WORLD WAR

VOLUM E I

G L OBA L WA R

EDITED BY

JAY W I N T E R

T h e C a m b r i d g e H i s t o ry o f

P o l i t i c a l T h o u g h t

the cambridge history of greek and roman political thought

Edited by Christopher Rowe and Malcolm SchofieldPublished 2000

isbn 0 521 48136 8 (hardback) isbn 0 521 61669 0 (paperback)

the cambridge history of medieval political thought

Edited by J. H. BurnsPublished 1988

isbn 0 521 24324 6 (hardback) 0 521 42388 0 (paperback)

the cambridge history of political thought 1450–1700

Edited by J. H. Burns with Mark GoldiePublished 1991

isbn 0 521 24716 0 (hardback) 0 521 47772 7 (paperback)

the cambridge history of eighteenth-century political thought

Edited by Mark Goldie and Robert WoklerPublished 2006

isbn 0 521 37422 7 (hardback)

the cambridge history of nineteenth-century political thought

Edited by Gareth Stedman Jones and Gregory ClaeysPublished 2011

isbn 0 521 43056 2 (hardback)

the cambridge history of twentieth-century political thought

Edited by Terence Ball and Richard BellamyPublished 2003

isbn 0 521 56354 2 (hardback) isbn 0 521 69162 1 (paperback)

T H E

C A M B R I DG E

H I S T O RY O F

N I N E T E E N T H -

C E N T U RY

P O L I T I C A L

T H OUG H T


This major work of academic reference providesthe first comprehensive survey of politicalthought in Europe, North America and Asia inthe century following the French Revolution.Written by a distinguished team of internationalscholars, this Cambridge History is the latest ina sequence of volumes firmly established as theprincipal reference source for the history ofpolitical thought. In a series of scholarly butaccessible essays, every major theme innineteenth-century political thought is covered,including political economy, religion, democraticradicalism, nationalism, socialism and feminism.The volume also includes studies of majorfigures, including Hegel, Mill, Bentham andMarx, and biographical notes on everysignificant thinker in the period. Of interest tostudents and scholars of politics and history atall levels, this volume explores seismic changesin the languages and expectations of politicsaccompanying political revolution,industrialisation and imperial expansion, and less-noted continuities in political and social thinking.

GARETH STEDMAN JONES was formerlyProfessor of Political Thought at the University ofCambridge. He is currently Professor of the Historyof Ideas at Queen Mary, University of London. He is also Director of the Centre for History and Economics and a Fellow of King’s College,Cambridge. Professor Stedman Jones has publishednumerous books and articles, including OutcastLondon, Languages of Class, The CommunistManifesto – Penguin Introduction and An End toPoverty?. He is currently working on an intellectualbiography of Marx.

GREGORY CLAEYS is Professor of the History ofPolitical Thought at Royal Holloway, University ofLondon. He has published two studies of Owenitesocialism, Thomas Paine: Social and PoliticalThought, The French Revolution Debate in Britain,Imperial Sceptics: British Critics of Empire, andSearching for Utopia. He has also edited a number ofprimary source collections, notably Modern BritishUtopias, Political Writings of the 1790s, SelectedWorks of Robert Owen, and The Owenite SocialistMovement: Pamphlets and Correspondence.

LIST OF CONTENTS

Part I. Political Thought after the French Revolution1. Counter-Revolutionary Thought Bee Wilson2. Romanticism and Political Thought in the Early

Nineteenth Century John Morrow3. On the Principle of Nationality John Breuilly4. Hegel and Hegelianism Frederick C. Beiser5. Historians and Lawyers Donald R. Kelley6. Social Science from the Revolution to Positivism

Cheryl B. Welch7. Radicalism, Republicanism and Revolutionism,

from the Principles of ,89 to the Origins of

Modern Terrorism Gregory Claeys and Christine Lattek

Part II. Modern Liberty and its Defenders8. From Jeremy Bentham's Radical Philosophy to J. S.

Mill's Philosophic Radicalism Frederick Rosen9. John Stuart Mill, mid-Victorian Ross Harrison

10. ‘The Woman Question’ and the Origins ofFeminism Lucy Delap

11. Constitutional Liberalism in France: FromBenjamin Constant to Alexis de TocquevilleJeremy Jennings

12. American Political Thought from JeffersonianRepublicanism to Progressivism James P. Young

13. German Liberalism in the Nineteenth CenturyWolfgang J. Mommsen

14. Visions of Stateless Society K. Steven Vincent

Part III. Modern Liberty and its Critics15. Aesthetics and Politics Douglas Moggach16. Non-Marxian Socialism 1815–1914

Gregory Claeys17. The Young Hegelians, Marx and Engels

Gareth Stedman Jones

Part IV. Secularity, Reform and Modernity18. Church and State: the Problem of Authority

John E. Toews19. The Politics of Nature: Science and Religion in

the Age of Darwin Daniel Pick20. Conservative Political Thought from the

Revolutions of 1848 until the Fin de SiecleLawrence Goldman

21. Modern Liberty Redefined James Thompson22. Political Economy Emma Rothschild23. German Socialism and Social Democracy

1860–1900 Vernon L. Lidtke24. Russian Political Thought of the Nineteenth

Century Andrezj Walicki25. European Political Thought and the Wider World

during the Nineteenth Century Christopher Bayly26. Empire and Imperialism Duncan Bell

Epilogue: French Revolution to Fin de Siecle:Political Thought in Retrospect and Prospect,1800 to 1914 Jose Harris


H I S T O RY O F

NINETEENTH-CENTURY

POLITICALTHOUGHT

EDITED BY

G A R E T H S T E D M A N J O N E S

A N D G R E G O RY C L A E Y S

STEDMAN: C.HISTORY OF 19TH CENT POLITICAL THOUGHT JKT CMY BLK

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philip sabin is Professor of Strategic Studies in the

Department of War Studies at King’s College, London,

having previously held Research Fellowships at Harvard

University and the International Institute of Strategic

Studies. His main academic interest concerns the

analytical modelling of conflict, and especially of the

great land battles of the ancient world. He teaches and

writes about the strategy and tactics of warfare from

ancient times to the twenty-first century.

hans van wees is Professor of Greek History at

University College London. He is the author of Status

Warriors: War, Violence and Society in Homer and History

(1992) and Greek Warfare: Myths and Realities (2004), and

editor of War and Violence in Ancient Greece (2000). He has

coedited (with Nick Fisher) Archaic Greece: New Approaches

and New Evidence (1998), (with Egbert Bakker and Irene de

Jong) Brill’s Companion to Herodotus (2002) and (with Kurt

Raaflaub) A Companion to Archaic Greece (forthcoming).

michael whitby is Professor of Classics and

Ancient History at the University of Warwick. He is the

co-editor of Volume XIV of The Cambridge Ancient History

(2001) and author of Rome at War, AD 293-696 (2002),

and has made several televison appearances talking

about ancient warfare from the Graeco-Persian Wars to

the collapse of the Roman Empire.

Warfare was the single biggest preoccupation of historians in antiquity.

In recent decades fresh textual interpretations, numerous new

archaeological discoveries and a much broader analytical focus

emphasising social, economic, political and cultural approaches have

transformed our understanding of ancient warfare. Volume II of this

two-volume History reflects these developments and provides a

systematic account, written by a distinguished cast of contributors, of

the various themes underlying the warfare of the Roman world from the

Late Republic to the sixth-century empire of Justinian and his

successors. For each broad period developments in troop-types,

equipment, strategy and tactics are discussed. These are placed in the

broader context of developments in international relations and the

relationship of warfare to both the state and wider society. Numerous

illustrations, a glossary and chronology, and information about the

authors mentioned supplement the text. This will become the primary

reference work for specialists and non-specialists alike.

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CONTENTS

part i . the late republic and the

principate

1. International relations

Harry Sidebottom

2. Military forces

Boris Rankov

3. War

Adrian Goldsworthy

4. Combat

Catherine M. Gilliver

5. Warfare and the state

(1) The economics of war Dominic Rathbone

(2) The military and politics Richard Alston

6. War and society

Colin Adams

part ii . the later roman empire

7. International relations

Mark Humphries

8. Military forces

Hugh Elton

9. War

Michael Whitby

10. Combat

Philip Rance

11. Warfare and the state

Doug Lee

12. War and society

Andrew Fear

Chronological table

Glossary

List of ancient authors.

Jacket illustration: mosaic of hunters from Piazza Armerina, Sicily,

showing the probable appearance of infantry, early fourth century.

Photo: Scala/Art Resource, NY.

Printed in the United Kingdom

t h e c a m b r i d g e h i s t o ry o f

G R E E K A N D RO M A N WA R FA R EVolume II: Rome from the Late Republic to the Late Empire

edited by philip sabin, hans van wees and michael whitby

Volume II

Alison Bashford is Professor of Modern History at the University of Sydney and has been elected Vere Harmsworth Professor of Imperial and Naval History, University of Cambridge.

Stuart Macintyre is Ernest Scott Professor of History in the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies at the University of Melbourne, Australia.

Volume 1 of The Cambridge History of Australia explores Australia’s history from ancient times through to Federation in 1901. It begins with an archaeological examination of the continent’s Indigenous history, which dates back 50,000 years. This volume examines the � rst European encounters with Australia and its Indigenous people, and the subsequent colonisation of the land by the British in the late eighteenth century, providing insight into the realities of a convict society and how this shaped the nation’s development. Part I traces the dynamic growth in Australia’s economy, demography and industry throughout the nineteenth century, as it moved towards a system of liberal democracy and one of the most de� ning events in its history: the Federation of the colonies in 1901. Part II offers a deeper investigation of key topics, such as relations between Indigenous people and settlers, and Australia’s colonial identity. It also covers the economy, science and technology, law and literature. This volume is informed by a geographic sensibility: land emerges as a central theme in Australian history, shaping its political, legal and social past; and the authors examine regional and Australian–Paci� c ideas of history and identity.

The Cambridge History of AustraliaVolume 1, Indigenous and Colonial Australia

CONTENTS

Part I1 The past 50,000 years: an archaeological view Peter Veth & Sue O’Connor2 Newcomers, c. 1600–1800 Shino Konishi & Maria Nugent3 Convict transportation in global context, c. 1700–88 Emma Christopher & Hamish Maxwell-Stewart4 The early colonial presence, 1788–1822 Grace Karskens5 Expansion, 1820–50 Lisa Ford & David Andrew Roberts6 The advent of self-government, 1840s–90 Ann Curthoys & Jessie Mitchell7 The gold rushes of the 1850s David Goodman8 Colonial states and civil society, 1860–90 Stuart Macintyre & Sean Scalmer9 Rethinking the 1890s Melissa Bellanta10 Making the federal Commonwealth, 1890–1901 Helen Irving

Part II11 Environmental transformations Andrea Gaynor12 Population and health Janet McCalman & Rebecca Kippen13 The economy Lionel Frost14 Indigenous and settler relations Tracey Banivanua Mar & Penelope Edmonds15 Education Julia Horne & Geoffrey Sherington16 Law and regulation Mark Finnane17 Religion Anne O’Brien18 Colonial science and technology John Gascoigne & Sara Maroske19 Gender and colonial society Penny Russell20 Art and literature: a cosmopolitan culture Robert Dixon & Jeanette Hoorn21 Empire: Australia and ‘Greater Britain’, 1788–1901 Deryck M. Schreuder22 Colonial Australia and the Asia-Paci� c region Marilyn Lake23 The Australian colonies in a maritime world Cindy McCreery & Kirsten McKenzie


H I S T O RY O F

AU S T R A L I AV O L U M E 1

I N D I G E N O U S A N D C O L O N I A L

AU S T R A L I A

E D I T E D B Y

A L I S O N B A S H F O R D

S T UA RT M A C I N T Y R E

Volume 1

Indigenous

and

Colonial

Australia

The

Cambridge

History

of

Australia

TH E C A M B R I D G E

H I STORY O F

SCIENCEVOLUME 7

THE MODERN SOCIAL SCIENCES

E D I T E D B Y

T H E O D O R E M . P O RT E R

D O RO T H Y RO S S

THE

C A M B R I D G E

H I STORY

OF

SCIENCE

VO LUM E 7

THEMODERNSOCIAL

SCIENCES

Theodore M. Porter is Professor ofHistory at the University of California,Los Angeles. He is the author of The Riseof Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900 (1986)and Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit ofObjectivity in Science and Public Life(1995) and coauthor of The Empire ofChance: How Probability ChangedScience and Everyday Life (1989).

Dorothy Ross is the Arthur O. LovejoyProfessor of History at Johns HopkinsUniversity. She is the author of G. StanleyHall: The Psychologist as Prophet (1972)and The Origins of American SocialScience (1991) and editor of ModernistImpulses in the Human Sciences,1870–1930 (1994).

Jacket design by Dennis M. ArnoldPrinted in the United States of America

his volume provides a history ofthe concepts, practices,institutions, and ideologies of

social sciences (including behavioral andeconomic sciences) since the eighteenthcentury. If offers original, syntheticaccounts of the historical development ofsocial knowledge, including itsphilosophical assumptions, its social andintellectual organization, and its relationsto science, medicine, politics, bureaucracy,philosophy, religion, and the professions.Its forty-two chapters include inquiriesinto the genres and traditions that formedsocial science, the careers of the mainsocial disciplines (psychology, economics,sociology, anthropology, political science,geography, history, and statistics), andinternational essays on social science inEastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and LatinAmerica. It also includes essays thatexamine the involvement of the socialsciences in government, business,education, culture, and social policy. Thisis a broad cultural history of socialscience, which analyzes from a variety ofperspectives its participation in the makingof the modern world. The contributors,world leaders in their respectivespecialties, engage with currenthistoriographical and methodologicalcontroversies and strike out positions oftheir own.

T

www.cambridge.org

TH E C A M B R I D G E

H I S TORY O F

AMER ICAN

THEATR EVO LUM E I I I

��

E D I T E D B Y

d o n b . w i l m e t h

a n d c h r i s t o p h e r b i g s by

the cambridge

urbanhistory

of britain

11

CLARK

Edited by Peter Clark

volume ii 1540–1840

the cambridge

urban historyof britain

general edi tor

Professor Peter Clarku n i v e r s i ty of l e i c e s t e r

The three volumes of The Cambridge Urban History of Britain represent the culmination of a tremendous upsurge of research in British urban historyover the past thirty years. Mobilising the combined expertise of nearly ninetyhistorians, archaeologists and geographers from Britain, continental Europe andNorth America, these volumes trace the complex and diverse evolution ofBritish towns from the earliest Anglo-Saxon settlements to the mid-twentiethcentury. Taken together they form a comprehensive and uniquely authoritativeaccount of the development of the first modern urban nation. The CambridgeUrban History of Britain has been developed with the active support of theCentre for Urban History at the University of Leicester.

volume i 600 – 1540edited by d. m. palliser (University of Leeds)

isbn 0 521 44461 6 (hb)

volume ii 1540 – 1840edited by peter clark (University of Leicester)

isbn 0 521 43141 7 (hb)

volume iii 1840 – 1950edited by martin daunton (University of Cambridge)

isbn 0 521 41707 4 (hb)

the cambridge urban history of britain

list of contents

1 Introduction Peter Clark.

Part I Area surveys 1540 –1840: Introduction Peter Clark; 2 England: (a) East Anglia Penelope J. Corfield (b) South-East C. W. Chalklin(c) South-West Jonathan Barry (d) Midlands Alan Dyer (e) North John K. Walton; 3 WalesPhilip Jenkins; 4 Scotland T. M. Devine.

Part II Urban themes and types 1540 –1700:

5 Towns in an agrarian economy 1540 –1700

Paul Glennie and Ian Whyte; 6 Population anddisease, estrangement and belonging 1540 –1700

P. Griffiths, J. Landers, M. Pelling and R. Tyson; 7 Politics and government 1540 –1700 Ian A. Archer; 8 Reformation and culture 1540 –1700

Vanessa Harding; 9 The urban landscape 1540 –

1700 Michael Reed; 10 London 1540 –1700 JeremyBoulton; 11 Great and good towns 1540 –1700

Paul Slack; 12 Ports 1540 –1700 David HarrisSacks and Michael Lynch; 13 Small market towns 1540 –1700 Alan Dyer.

Part III Urban themes and types 1700 –1840: 14 Urban growth and economic change: from the late seventeenth century to 1841 John Langton;15 Population and society 1700 –1840 PamelaSharpe; 16 Politics and government 1700 –1840

Joanna Innes and Nicholas Rogers; 17 Culture andleisure 1700 –1840 Peter Clark and R. A. Houston;18 The transformation of urban space 1700 –1840

Michael Reed; 19 London 1700 –1840 LeonardSchwarz; 20 Regional and county centres 1700 –

1840 Joyce Ellis; 21 Ports 1700 –1840 GordonJackson; 22 Small towns 1700 –1840 Peter Clark;23 Health and leisure resorts 1700 –1840 PeterBorsay; 24 Industrialising towns 1700 –1840

Barrie Trinder; 25 Conclusion Peter Clark.


Jacket illustration: background: John Speed’s mapof Bath,1611 (British Library); foreground: BoroughHigh Street, Southwark, c. 1729 (Guildhall Library,Corporation of London).

This second volume in the Cambridge Urban

History offers the first wide-ranging analysis

of urban growth and change during the period

between the Reformation and the onset of the

railway age, when Britain became the world’s

first modern urban nation. The contributors pay

particular attention to the experiences of urban

life and the changing role of different groups in

urban society, and show how communities and

their leaders coped with civic problems. They

examine the relationship between smaller and

larger towns, and assess the impact of cities on

the wider society of Britain and beyond. A major

innovative feature is the sustained comparative

study of English, Welsh and Scottish urbanisation.

Part I examines the national and regional

networks of cities and towns across the island.

Part II focuses on the period 1540–1700 and looks

at the urban economy, demographic and social

change, the transformation of the cultural and

physical landscape of towns and the role of

different types of town – from a resurgent London

to the smallest market centre. The third and final

Part investigates the urban economic and demo-

graphic take-off of the industrial age and the

social, political and cultural implications for

urban communities. Powerful light is shed not

only on the ‘new’ industrial and leisure towns,

but also on the many ancient cities and towns

which contributed to Britain’s exceptional

dynamism in the early modern era.

For full list of contents, please see back flap.

The editor peter clark is Professor of

Economic and Social History at the University of

Leicester. He has published extensively on urban

and social history, and his study of The English

Alehouse: A Social History (1983) was awarded

the Whitfield Prize of the Royal Historical Society.

Clark

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Cover: Nestor’s cup, Mycenae, c.1550-1500 BC, Mycenaean / National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece / The Bridgeman Art Library

he Cambridge History of Religions in the

Ancient World provides a comprehensive

and in-depth analysis of the religions of the

ancient Near East and Mediterranean world.

The fourteen essays in Volume I begin in the

third millennium BCE with the Sumerians

and extend to the fourth century BCE through

the fall of the Achaemenid Persian empire and

the demise of Alexander the Great. Its con-

tributors, all acknowledged experts in their

fields, analyze a wide spectrum of textual and

material evidence. An introductory essay by

the General Editor, Michele Renee Salzman,

sets out the central questions, themes, and

historical trends considered in Volumes I and

II. Marvin A. Sweeney provides an introduc-

tion to the chapters of Volume I, as does Wil-

liam Adler for Volume II. The regional and

historical orientations of the essays will en-

able readers to see how a religious tradition or

movement assumed a distinctive local identi-

ty, even as they view its development within a

comparative framework. Supplemented with

maps, illustrations, and detailed indexes, the

volumes are an excellent reference tool for

scholars of the ancient Near East and Medi-

terranean world.

MICHELE RENEE SALZMAN is University of Cal-

ifornia Presidential Chair (2009–2012) Professor

of History at the University of California, River-

side. She is the author of three books and numer-

ous articles, including On Roman Time: The Co-

dex-Calendar of 354 and the Rhythms of Urban Life

in Late Antiquity (1990); The Making of a Christian

Aristocracy (2002); and The Letters of Symmachus:

Book 1, translation (with Michael Roberts), Intro-

duction, and Commentary (2011). She is on the

Editorial Board of the American Journal of Archae-

ology and has served on the Executive Committee

of the American Academy in Rome.

MARVIN A. SWEENY is Professor of Religion at the

Claremont School of Theology. He is the author

of nine volumes and numerous studies, including

1 and 2 Kings: A Commentary (2007) and Form

and Intertextuality in Prophetic and Apocalyptic

Literature (2005). He is the Editor of Hebrew Stud-

ies, the founding Editor of the Review of Biblical

Literature, Co-editor of the Forms of the Old Tes-

tament Literature commentary series, Mitarbeiter

for the De Gruyter International Encyclopedia of

the Bible, and CEO of the Ancient Biblical Manu-

script Center for Preservation and Research.

Designed by pemastudio

Printed in the United States of America

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS IN THE ANCIENT WORLD

he Cambridge History of Religions in the Ancient World provides a comprehensive and

in-depth analysis of the religions of the ancient Near East and Mediterranean world. The

fourteen essays in Volume I begin in the third millennium BCE with the Sumerians and extend

to the fourth century BCE through the fall of the Achaemenid Persian empire and the demise

of Alexander the Great. Its contributors, all acknowledged experts in their fields, analyze a wide

spectrum of textual and material evidence. An introductory essay by the General Editor, Mi-

chele Renee Salzman, sets out the central questions, themes, and historical trends considered in

Volumes I and II. Marvin A. Sweeney provides an introduction to the chapters of Volume I, as

does William Adler for Volume II. The regional and historical orientations of the essays will en-

able readers to see how a religious tradition or movement assumed a distinctive local identity,

even as they view its development within a comparative framework. Supplemented with maps,

illustrations, and detailed indexes, the volumes are an excellent reference tool for scholars of the

ancient Near East and Mediterranean world.

This splendid volume provides two services at once. Those who want a concise and au-

thoritative overview of a particular religious tradition can find that here, while those who

peruse it cover to cover can gain a vivid sense of the commonalities and differences in

religious life throughout the ancient Mediterranean world over many centuries. This is

an invaluable resource to which scholars and students will turn for many years to come.

James B. Rives, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Volume 1 of The Cambridge History of Religions in the Ancient World provides an up-to-

date, wide-ranging, theoretically sensitive, and historically deep account of the range

of ancient religions in the Mediterranean world, Europe, and the Near East before the

heyday of the Roman Empire. The volume combines documentary, art-historical, and

archaeological evidence, and will be the fundamental introductory resource for students

and scholars in the next generation, as well as an essential accompaniment to the study

of ancient history and religions.

Jas Elsner, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and The University of Chicago

A goldmine of information on the religious practices and beliefs of ancient peoples, with

sophisticated attention to sources, problems of research, material culture, and social

and political setting. Readers glimpse the diverse ways in which some of our distant

ancestors met the challenges of life and death. A handy reference guide with up-to-date

discussions by experts in each area.

Elizabeth A. Clark, Duke University

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS IN THE ANCIENT WORLD

VOLUME I : FROM THE BRONZE AGE TO THE HELLENISTIC AGE

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MICHELE RENEE SALZMAN MARVIN A. SWEENEY

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H I S T O RY O F

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The Cambridge History of the EnglishLanguage is the first multi-volume work toprovide a full account of the history of English.Its authoritative coverage extends from areasof central linguistic interest and concern tomore specialised topics such as personal namesand place names. The volumes dealing withearlier periods are chronologically based,whilst those dealing with more recent periodsare geographically based, thus reflecting thespread of English over the last 300 years.

Volume IV deals with the history of theEnglish language from 1776 to 1997. Anextensive introduction details the changingsocio-historical setting in which English hasdeveloped in response to a continuing background of diversity as it was transplantedto North America and beyond. Separate chapters on pronunciation, syntax, and vocabulary chronicle the linguistic features ofthe language during this period, taking as thebasis for discussion the common core inheritedfrom the sixteenth century and shared bywhat are now the two principal varieties,American and British English. In addition,there are chapters on English as a literarylanguage, English grammar and usage, andonomastics.


H I S T O RY O F

TH EE N G LI S H

LA N G UAG EV O LU M E IV

1 7 7 6 – 1 9 9 7

E D I T E D B Y

S U Z A N N E R O M A I N E

T H E C A M B R I D G E H I S T O RY o f t h e

E N G LI S H LA N G U A G E

general editorRichard M. Hogg

The Cambridge History of the English Language is the firstmulti-volume work to provide a full account of the history ofEnglish. Its authoritative coverage extends from areas of cen-tral linguistic interest and concern to more specialised topicssuch as personal names and place names.

Volume IV deals with the history of the English languagefrom 1776 to 1997. An extensive introduction details thechanging socio-historical setting in which English has devel-oped in response to a continuing background of diversity asit was transplanted to North America and beyond. Separatechapters on pronunciation, syntax, and vocabulary chroniclethe linguistic features of the language during this period, tak-ing as the basis for discussion the common core inheritedfrom the sixteenth century and shared by what are now thetwo principal varieties, American and British English. Inaddition, there are chapters on English as a literary language,English grammar and usage, and onomastics.

list of volumes

i The Beginnings to1066 edited by richard m. hogg

ii 1066–1476 edited by norman blake

iii 1476–1776 edited by roger lass

iv 1776–1997 edited by suzanne romaine

v English in Britain and Overseas: origins and developmentedited by robert w. burchfield

vi English in North Americaedited by john algeo

contents of volume iv

1 Introduction suzanne romaine

2 Vocabulary john algeo

3 Syntax david denison

4 Onomastics richard coates

5 Phonology michael k. c. macmahon

6 English grammar and usageedward finegan

7 The literary language sylvia adamson

Glossary of linguistic terms

Bibliography

Index

About the editorsuzanne romaine has been MertonProfessor of English Language at theUniversity of Oxford since 1984. She hasalso held a variety of visiting fellowships atother universities, most recently in 1991–92,when she was Kerstin Hesselgren Professorat the University of Uppsala. She is theauthor of a number of articles and booksincluding Socio-historical Linguistics. ItsStatus and Methodology (1982); TheLanguage of Children and Adolescents. TheAcquisition of Communicative Competence.(1984); Pidgin and Creole Languages (1988);Bilingualism (1989); Language in Australia(1991); and Language, Education andDevelopment: Urban and Rural Tok Pisin inPapua New Guinea (1992). Her most recentbook is Language in Society (1997).

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T H E C A M B R I D G E H I S T O RY O F t h e c o l d wa r

R e v i e w s o f t h e h a r d b a c k v o l u m e s :

‘The Cambridge History of the Cold War (CHCW) marks a coming of age for Cold War studies. This multi-volume compilation provides a synthesis of the “New Cold War History”. It is a signal

moment in the evolution of the field.’

Mike Sewell , H-Diplo

‘[This] trilogy is remarkable for its range of voices and measured judgements. . . As a source of essential information about the Cold War, this

Cambridge History is going to be hard to beat.’

Robert Service, The Times Literary Supplement

‘There has never been a Cold War history like it; everything about it is monumental . . . In total, the volumes represent a successful interconnected

attempt at describing the Cold War in full.’

Jost Dülffer, H-Soz-u-Kult

‘. . . [its] cogent summaries of various aspects and theaters of the conflict from 1945 to 1962 seem likely to stand the [test] of

time . . . many undergraduate courses would benefit from the assignment of some of these readings.’

David Kaiser, H-Diplo

‘. . . the volume presents a very impressive picture of the formation and globalization of the Cold War, tracing its influence on all aspects of postwarsocio-political life . . . Illustrations, diagrams, a bibliographical essay, and a

detailed index give an additional value to the volume, which beyond itsresearch aims can be recommended for use in teaching.’

Nataliya Egorova, H-Diplo

T H E

C A M B R I DG E

H I S T O RY O F

THE COLDWAR

v o l u m e i

Origins

L E F F L E R

A N D

W E S TA D


H I S T O RY O F

T H E C O L D WA R

VO L U M E I

Origins

E d i t e d b y

M E LV Y N P. L E F F L E R A N D

O D D A R N E W E S TA D

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CAMBR IDG E

MEDIEVALHISTORY

Ic.‒c.

C AM B R I DG EM E D I E VA LH I S TOR Y

Ic.‒c.

The first volume ofThe New Cambridge Medieval History coversthe transitional period between the later Roman world and theearly middle ages, c.500 to c.700. This was an era of developingconsciousness and profound change in Europe, Byzantium andthe Arab world, an era in which the foundations of medievalsociety were laid and to which many of our modern myths ofnational and religious identity can be traced. This book offers acomprehensive regional survey of the sixth and seventhcenturies, from Ireland in the west to the rise of Islam in theMiddle East, and from Scandinavia in the north to theMediterranean south. It explores the key themes pinningtogether the history of this period, from kingship, trade and thechurch, to art, architecture and education. It represents both aninvaluable conspectus of current scholarship and an expertintroduction to the period.

is Professor of Medieval History at theUniversity of Manchester. His previous publications includeProperty and Power in the Early Middle Ages (co-edited withWendy Davies) and The Age of Charles Martel (Addison-Wesley,2000). He is co-editor of Early Medieval Europe and a Fellow ofthe Royal Historical Society.

CONTENTS

Introduction: The history of Europe –Paul Fouracre

1 The later Roman empireRichard Gerberding

2 The barbarian invasionsGuy Halsall

3 The sources and their interpretationsGuy Halsall

4 The eastern empire in the sixth century

Andrew Louth5 The Byzantines in the West in the sixth century

John Moorhead6 Ostrogothic Italy and the Lombard invasions

John Moorhead7 The formation of the Sueve and Visigothic kingdoms in

SpainA. Barbero and M. I. Loring

8 copy to comecopy to come



(continued on back flap)

THE NEW CAMBRIDGE MEDIEVAL HISTORYThe publication of The New Cambridge Medieval History is a major land-mark in the field of historical publishing. Written by leading internationalscholars and incorporating the very latest research, the History will becomethe essential reference tool for anyone interested in the medieval world. Theoriginal Cambridge Medieval History was published between and ,with a new edition of Volume IV appearing in the s. That famous seriesis now out of print, and is being replaced by The New Cambridge MedievalHistory which will present a reliable, detailed history from late antiquity toc.. To be published in seven volumes, with volume IV divided into twoparts, it will provide a unique, authoritative guide to medieval life andthought.

Volumes in the series

Ic.–c.

Edited by , University of Manchester

IIc.–c.

Edited by , University of Cambridge

IIIc.–c.

Edited by , University of Southampton

IV Part1c.–c.

Edited by , University of Sheffield, and - , University of Cambridge

IV Part 2c.–c.

Edited by and -

Vc.–c.

Edited by , University of Cambridge

VIc.–c.

Edited by , University of Nottingham

VIIc.–c.

Edited by , University of Liverpool

(continued from front flap)

11 The Byzantine empire in the seventh century

Andrew Louth12 Muhammad and the rise of Islam

Carole Hillenbrand13 The Catholic Visigoth kingdom

A. Barbero and M. I. Loring14 Francia in the seventh century

Paul Fouracre15 Religion and society in Ireland

Clare Stancliffe16 Christianity amongst the Britons, Dálriadan Irish and Picts

Clare Stancliffe17 England in the seventh century

Alan Thacker18 Scandinavia (c. ‒)

Lotte Hedeager19 The Slavs ‒

Zbigniew Kobylinski

20 The Jews in Europe, ‒Michael Tuck

21 Kings and kingshipPatrick Wormald

22 The Mediterranean economySimon Loseby

23 The Northern seas (fifth to eighth centuries)Stéphane Lebecq

24 Money and coinageMark Blackburn

25 Church structure and organisationGeorg Scheibelreiter

26 Christianisation and the dissemination of ChristianteachingIan Wood

27 Education and learning (‒)Jacques Fontaine

28a Art and architecture of western Europe, ‒Ian Wood

T H E C A M B R I D G E H I S T O RY O F

T H E B Y Z A N T I N E E M P I R E

c. 500–1492

Byzantium lasted a thousand years, ruled to the end by self-styled‘emperors of the Romans’. It underwent kaleidoscopic territorial andstructural changes, yet recovered repeatedly from disaster: even after thenear-impregnable Constantinople fell in 1204, variant forms of the empirereconstituted themselves. The Cambridge history of the Byzantine empiretells the story, tracing political and military events, religious controversiesand economic change. It offers clear, authoritative chapters on the mainevents and periods, with more detailed chapters on outlying regions andneighbouring societies powers and of Byzantium. With aids such as maps,a glossary, an alternative place-name table and references to English translations of sources, it will be valuable as an introdution. However, italso offers stimulating new approaches and important new findings,making it essential reading for postgraduates and for specialists.

THE

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T H E

B Y Z A N T I N E

E M P I R E

c. 500–1492


18 Balkan borderlands (1018–1204)paul stephenson

19 Raiders and neighbours: the Turks(1040–1304) d. a. korobeinikov

part iii: the byzantine lands in the latermiddle ages 1204–149220 After the Fourth Crusade20 a. The Greek rump states and the recovery of

Byzantium michael angold20 b. The Latin empire of Constantinople and the

Frankish states david jacoby21 Balkan powers: Albania, Serbia and Bulgaria

(1200–1300) alain ducellier22 The Palaiologoi and the world around them

(1261–1400) angeliki e. laiou23 Latins in the Aegean and the Balkans

(1300–1400) michel balard24 The Roman orthodox world (1393–1492)

anthony bryer

jonathan shepard was for many years a Lecturer in History at the University ofCambridge, and was a Fellow of Selwyn Collegeand of Peterhouse. He is the co-editor (with SimonFranklin) of Byzantine diplomacy (1992), co-author (also with Simon Franklin) of The emergence of Rus, 750–1200 (1996), author ofNespokoini s’sedi: b’lgaro-vizantiiska konfrontatsiya, obmen i s’zhitelstvo prez srednitevekove [Uneasy neighbours: Bulgaro-Byzantineconfrontation, exchange and co-existence in theMiddle Ages] (2007) and editor of The expansionof orthodox Europe: Byzantium, the Balkans andRussia (2007). Shepard is Doctor Honoris Causaof St Kliment Ohrid University in Sofia.

T H E C A M B R I DG E

H I S T O RY O F

THE

BYZANTINEEMPIRE

c. 500–1492

EDITED BY

J O N AT H A N S H E PA R D

CONTENTS

general introduction jonathan shepard

part i: the earlier empire c.500–c.7001 Justinian and his legacy (500–600)

andrew louth2 Eastern neighbours 2 a. Persia and the Sasanian monarchy

(224–651) zeev rubin2 b. Armenia (400–600) r. w. thomson2 c. The Arabs to the time of the Prophet

lawrence i. conrad3 Western approaches (500–600)

john moorhead4 Byzantium transforming (600–700)

andrew louth

part ii: the middle empire c.700–12045 State of emergency (700–850)

marie-france auzépy6 After iconoclasm (850–886)

shaun tougher7 Religious missions sergey a. ivanov8 Armenian neighbours (600–1045)

t. w. greenwood9 Confronting Islam: emperors versus caliphs

(641–c.850) walter e. kaegi10 Western approaches (700–900)

michael mccormick11 Byzantine Italy (680–876)

thomas s. brown12 The middle Byzantine economy (600–1204)

mark whittow13 Equilibrium to expansion (886–1025)

jonathan shepard14 Western approaches (900–1025)

jonathan shepard15 Byzantium and southern Italy (876–1000)

g. a. loud16 Belle époque or crisis? (1025–1118)

michael angold17 The empire of the Komnenoi (1118–1204)

paul magdalino

continued on back flap

continued from front flap

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The Cambridge History of the

Cold War

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The Cambridge Ancient History

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Byzantine Empire c.500–1492

The Cambridge Economic History of

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The Cambridge World History (7 Volumes)

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