Cambodia Presentation

Cambodia: Map and Flag

Cambodia Fast Fact

Area: 181,035 sq km

Population: 14 millions

Capital: Phnom Penh

Official Languages Khmer, French, English

Government: multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Religion: Buddhist , Muslim , other

Agriculture Rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca, silk

Cambodia History in Short

600's - 1500's the Khmer civilization1863 – French Colonization 1953 – Independent 1965 - Head of State Sihanouk 1970 - Sihanouk is deposed1975 – Year Zero1979- The Vietnamese take Phnom Penh1989 - Vietnamese troops withdraw1991- Paris Peace Accord 1993 –Election in Cambodia

Cambodia Political System (1863-Present)

No Year Political System Name Leader Influenced by

1 1863-1953 Monarchy (Protectorate of France)

French Protectorate of Cambodia

French Indochina

French

2 1953-1970 Constitutional Monarchy

Kingdom of Cambodia

Norodom Sihanouk (PM)

Nonaligned neutral

3 1970-1975 Republic Republic of Kumpuchea

Lon Nol Son Sann

American

4 1979-1980 Maoist Agro Communism

Democratic Kampuchea (DK)

Khmer Rouge: Pol Pot (Saloth Sar)Ieng SaryNoun Chea

Agrarian socialism Maoist TheoryMarxism-Leninism Communism Extreme

Cambodia Political System (1863-Present)

No Year Political System Name Leader Influenced by

5 1979-1989 Communist Party (Central and Local committee)

People’s Republic of Kampuchea ( PRK

Pen SovannChea SimHeng SamrinHun Sen

Vietnamese Soviet Union (cold war and Indochina)

6 1989-1991 Communist Party (Central and Local committee)

State of Cambodia (SC)

Chea SimHeng SamrinHun Sen

Vietnamese and Soviet Union

7 1991-1993 United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia

Supreme National Council (SNC)

Sihanouk Hun Sen Khiev SamphanSon Sann

United Nation

8 1993-Present Constitutional Monarchy

Kingdom of Cambodia

Norodom Ranariddh Hun Sen

Independent

12th century The Largest religious Temple in the world was built, Angkor Wat

1963-1953 French Colonization Rediscover of Angkor Ruins

9 November 1953, Cambodia Independent from French

1975, The Killing Field and Year Zero

1993, election organized by UNTAC, The end of civil war.

French Protectorat

e of

Cambodia

(1863-1953)

- 19th century, Cambodia was in the midst of repression between Thailand and Vietnam.

- King Norodom requested a French protectorate over his kingdom.

- July 1863, Norodom signed a treaty acknowledge a French protectorate over the Kingdom

- The treaty remained the Cambodian monarchy.

- French would appointed adviser for the Kingdom called “Resident”

- However, France controlled the foreign and trade relations as well as provide military protection.

- The Kingdom of Siam (Thailand) recognized Cambodia under the protectorate of France and returned province to Cambodia

- French Company was able to operate freely in the Kingdom

- Cambodia still remain Buddhism religion

- All the land own by the king and French started to privatize the land in order to get tax

- Land tax and other repression of the French caused a lot of revolution throughout the country

- One of the famous revolution was in the early 1900s in Kompong Chhnang called “Phum Derachhan” literally called �៉the cruel village” by French

- The villagers killed the French residents who came to collect the tax from the poor.

- Corfield, J. (1997) The History of Cambodia.

Independent

and Development Under Sokum Reas

Niyum

(1953-1970)

- November 9, 1953. King Norodom Sihanouk succeed in gaining Complete Independent from French with diplomacy without blood shed

- 1953-1970 Constitutional Monarchy Under the leader of

King Norodom (Sokum Reas Niyum) - Sokum ReasNiyum litterally Popular Socialist

Community- 1955 Sihounouk win 88% of seat at the NA- The Neutral state was called (Island of Peace) - Sokum Reas Niyum focus on development rather than

creating Army - “He put his nation on a modern footing in the 1960s, especially bolstering the education system” ( Becker & Mydan, 2012)- Opening a sea port city in 1960 less depend on South

Vietnam sea port - In the five years, Cambodia has been the recipient of

some $300 million in American military, economic, and technical assistance. It has also received considerable aid from France, the Soviet Union, and Communist China.

Sihanouk Port today

Population 5,000,000

Agriculture Rice and Rubber

Trade France, United States, Malaya

Education Primary School (1957)= 1,032, 350,000 studentsReligious Primary school= 1400, 75,000 studentsPrivate Primary School= 204, 17,117 students

Armed Forces 35,000 men source: http://sophal.faithweb.com/CAMBODIA/1960.html

Killing Field of

Year Zero

(1975-1979)

- Killing Fields refer to a number of sites in Cambodia where large number of people were murdered and buried in the Khmer Rouge Regime - Year Zero, applied to the overthrow of Cambodia in 1975 by Pol Pot/Khmer Rouge- the Term was given by Francois Ponchaud who is a French Catholic Priest Missionary -The idea behind Year Zero is that all culture and traditions within a society must be completely destroyed or discarded and a new revolutionary culture must replace it, starting from scratch.- Most of the scholars like teacher, doctors and even artist were singled out. -The Khmer Rouge government completely reform the Cambodia Society.

No religion, no school, no private ownership -Khmer Rouge Government turned the country into the agrarian country

Estimated of 1.7 million people died in the regime

Work camp in Khmer Rouge Time

Around 20,002 mass grave sites was found by DC- Cam

At least 1,386,734 victim of execution (Yale University)

War, Peace and

Election

- After the fall of Pol Pot, Cambodia was under the Vietnam Occupation. Cambodia still have the civil war between the Phnom Penh Government and the Khmer Rouge and Funcinpec (King)

- Cambodia Government in Phnom Penh Restored all the economic system focusing on socialist ideology : planned economy with markets

- Introduce the pay based force - State should buy agricultural products from the peasants and should sell them

manufactured goods at free-market prices according to the conference 1980 - A lot of plan was conducted to restore the country suffering from mass killing,

starvation, malnutrition - “Under international pressure, Vietnam finally withdrew its occupying army from

Cambodia. This decision had also been forced by economic sanctions on Cambodia (the US's doing), and by a cut-off in aid from Vietnam's own backer, the Soviet Union.”

Source: http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_cambodia2.html

Restoration, foreign occupation and

sanction

- On October 23, 1991, all the parties signed on the most importance treaty to end the civil war in Cambodia . The Paris Peace Accord.

- UN has the full authority to supervise a cease fire, returned the displaced Khmer along the border with Thailand, disarm and demobilize the factional armies, and organize the Election

- Funcinpec won, Hun Sen didn’t want to abandon the government. - Cambodia has two prime ministers

Peace and Election (1991-1993)

1997 clash in Cambodia

Hun Sen, the second Prime Minister ousted Prince Ranariddh, the first Prime Minister

The press called it the "bloody coup by strongman Hun Sen”

Hun Sen accused the Prince who smuggled Khmer Rouge Troop into Phnom Penh City

In 1998, Hun Sen won election however the election organized by the National Election Committee was allegedly claimed by the International observer as flaw, violenceAnd lack of media access

July 28 2013 Election

Hun Sen, Cambodia People Party Kem Sokha and Sam Rainsy, Cambodian National Rescue Party

-July 8, 2013 Cambodian Opposition Leader, Sam Rainsy vows to return home-July 10, 2013 US Politicians push to cut aid to Cambodia If election unfair -July 12, 2013 The king Pardoned the president of Cambodian National Rescue Party-July 12, 2013 The United States on Friday welcomed a decision by Cambodia's king to pardon opposition leader Sam Rainsy, allowing him to return from self-imposed exile in France to participate in general elections at the end of the month.

-Yesterday, Sam Rainsy returned to Cambodia after the King’s pardon last weekOver 10 thousands of crowd welcomed his return.

-28th July, Cambodian will cast their vote in the polling station. The decision that expert questioned “ Is the Hun Sen era coming to an end?”

Cambodia Foreign Relation

-According to the Economist, Cambodia rarely gets the chance to shine on the international stage-Cambodia is the member of ASEAN, United Nation and other international agencies such as World bank, IMF, ADB and WTO. -Dispute with the border countries such as Vietnam and Thailand regarding offshore islandAnd sections of the boundary with Vietnam-The recent clash between Cambodia and Thailand over the 4.6 sqKm. Near the Preah VihearTemple still wait for the final decision from International Court in Holland. - China’s geopolitical interest in Cambodia changed significantly with the end of the Cold

War. It remain the influence via the Late King Sihanouk. China provide billion of bilateral aid to Cambodia without any condition while other Western Country use conditions as mechanism influence the democracy in Cambodia

- While having long historical dispute with Cambodia, Thailand is the main investor and the largest Import source.

- Japan is one of the largest donors in Cambodia. Prime Minister Hun Sen visited Japan 2007, and Signed on many agreement on promotion and protection of investment between both countries- The US offers Cambodia quotas for importing the garment

products. However, America Periodically ban Cambodia’s products or threat to cut aid over the concern on political freedom in Cambodia- France who is the former colonial administrator still

continue influence Cambodia via business and foreign Aid.

Population

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

16000000

Population (in millions)1960-2011

20112009

20072005

20032001

19991997

19951993

19911989

19871985

19831981

19791977

19751973

19711969

19671965

19631961

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Population Growth (annual %)1960-2011

20112009

20072005

20032001

19991997

19951993

19911989

19871985

19831981

19791977

19751973

19711969

19671965

19631961

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Life Expectancy at Birth (total years)1960-2011

20112009

20072005

20032001

19991997

19951993

19911989

19871985

19831981

19791977

19751973

19711969

19671965

19631961

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Fertility Rate (total births per woman)1960-2011

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 19970

10

20

30

40

50

60

Adolscent Fertility Rate (birth per 1,000 women ages 15-19)

1997-2011

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 19970

10

20

30

40

50

60

Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Line (% of population) 1997-2011

Economy

$0.00

$2,000,000,000.00

$4,000,000,000.00

$6,000,000,000.00

$8,000,000,000.00

$10,000,000,000.00

$12,000,000,000.00

$14,000,000,000.00GDP (in billion US dollars)

1960-2011

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 19940

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

GDP growth (annual %)1994-2011

2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988$0.00

$1,000,000,000.00

$2,000,000,000.00

$3,000,000,000.00

$4,000,000,000.00

$5,000,000,000.00

$6,000,000,000.00

$7,000,000,000.00

$8,000,000,000.00

Household Consumption Expenditure (in USD) Government Consumption Expenditure (in USD)

in billion USD

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Inflation Rate (annual %)1994-2011

76%

1%6%

12%

Total Employment by Economic Activity (2004 population)

A. Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry

B. Fishing

C. Mining and Quarrying

D. Manufacturing

E. Electricity, Gas and Water Supply

F. Construction

G. Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods

H. Hotels and Restaurants

I. Transport, Storage and Communications

J. Financial Intermediation

K. Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities

L. Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security

M. Education

N. Health and Social Work

O. Other Community,Social and Personal Service Activities

P. Households with Employed Persons

Q. Extra-Territorial Organizations and Bodies

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 20000

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

High Technology Exports (% of manufactured exports)

2000-2011

20072006

20052004

20032002

20012000

19991998

19971996

19951994

19931992

19911990

19891988

$0.00

$1,000,000,000.00

$2,000,000,000.00

$3,000,000,000.00

$4,000,000,000.00

$5,000,000,000.00

$6,000,000,000.00

$7,000,000,000.00

Net Primary Income from Abroad (in billion USD)1987-2008

20112010

20092008

20072006

20052004

20032002

20012000

19991998

19971996

19951994

19931992

$0.00

$100,000,000.00

$200,000,000.00

$300,000,000.00

$400,000,000.00

$500,000,000.00

$600,000,000.00

$700,000,000.00

$800,000,000.00

$900,000,000.00

$1,000,000,000.00

Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (in million USD)1992-2011

Foreign Assistance

20112009

20072005

20032001

19991997

19951993

19911989

19871985

19831981

19791977

19751973

19711969

19671965

19631961

$0.00

$100,000,000.00

$200,000,000.00

$300,000,000.00

$400,000,000.00

$500,000,000.00

$600,000,000.00

$700,000,000.00

$800,000,000.00

$900,000,000.00

Net Development Assistance/Official Aid Received (in million USD) 1960-2011

Japan US

France Australia

China Germany

SwedenUnited Kingdom

Republic of KoreaBelgium

Denmark

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

ODA

ODA

Official development Assistance (ODA) Traditional aid donor Development Assistance Committee : Japan, the USA, France, Sweden, DenmarkNon-DAC aid donor: South Korea and china

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

0102030405060708090

100

ChinaS. Korea

Like China, South Korea’s ODA to Cambodia has increased significantly from 0.5 million in 1198 to 31.4 million USD in 2007.

Education

2011 2010 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 19710

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary and Secondary Education (%) 1971-2011

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 19900

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Internet Users per 100 People1990-2011

2010 2005 2000 19980

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Births Attended by Skilled Health Staff (% of total births) 1998-2010

Health

2010200920082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995199419931992199119900

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Improved Sanitation Facilities, Urban (% of urban population with access) 1990-2010

2010200920082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995199419931992199119900

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Improved Water Source (% of population with access) 1990-2010

20112010

20092008

20072006

20052004

20032002

20012000

19991998

19971996

19951994

19931992

19911990

19891988

19871986

19851984

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Immunization to Measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

1984-2011

2010 2005 2000 1998 19950

10

20

30

40

50

60

Contraceptive Prevalence (% of women 15-49) 1995-2010

20112010

20092008

20072006

20052004

20032002

20012000

19991998

19971996

19951994

19931992

19911990

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Prevalence of HIV (total % of population ages 15-49)

1990-2011

Happy Planet IndexHappy Planet Index (HPI) is an index of human well-being and environmental impact that was introduced by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in July 2006

HPI is not a measure of which are the happiest countries in the world

based on general utilitarian principles — that most people want

to live long and fulfilling lives

INDICATORS:

•low amount of natural resources required to sustain a given country's lifestyle

•relatively high levels of life satisfaction, as measured in surveys

•life expectancy at birth

Color signifies Highest rank through to lowest rank; grey indicates Information not available . (2006)

Cambodia

2006 2009