cambodia people tribunal cpt-afw

KEM LEY | Principal investigatorNHIM DALEN |ConsultantBORAY BORALIN | Data AnalystUMAKANT SINGH | Advisor

CAMBODIA PEOPLE TRIBUNALCPT-AFW

5 Feb 2011

I. Country Context II. Cambodia Economic OverviewIII. Garment Industry Contributions IV. Public Investment & Garment Factory V. Minimum Wage and Sustainable

Development RelationshipVI. RecommendationsVII. References

TABLE OF CONTENT

<5 yrs5 - 9 yrs

10 - 14 yrs15 - 19 yrs20 - 24 yrs25 - 29 yrs30 - 34 yrs35 - 39 yrs40 - 44 yrs45 - 49 yrs50 - 54 yrs55 - 59 yrs60 - 64 yrs65 - 69 yrs70 - 74 yrs75 - 79 yrs

>80

8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 5.3

5.66.4

6.25.0

4.52.5

3.12.6

2.21.5

1.20.9

0.70.5

0.30.3

5.05.4

6.15.9

5.24.7

2.73.3

2.92.7

2.21.7

1.20.9

0.70.5

0.4

Age PyramidFemale Male

I. Country ContextCambodia Census 2008

I. Country ContextCMDG1PovertyReductionand CMDG 7Environmenta

lSustainabilityare Off Track

Rule of Law

Rule

of

Law

Dynamics of Participation

Organisational

Development

Dynamics of Poverty Figure 8: CAMBODIA CCA CAUSAL DIAGRAM

Low Demands by Rights Holders

Non-Optimal Resource Allocation

Fear of Participation

Budget Constraints

Low and Undiversified Investment

Low Productivity & Employment

Opportunities & Decent Work

Family Economic

Constraints

Low Salaries

Low Motivation

Poor Health, Education,

Gender, Social Protection Outcomes

Food Insecurity

and Poverty

Lack of Accountability

Low Availability of Services

Low Quality of Services

Low Relevance of Services

Low Access to Services

Impunity

Low Rule of Law

Land Grabbing

Natural Resource Depletion

External Shocks

No Security Net

Fear of Risk Taking

Short-term Focus and

Fragmentation of Aid

Personal Profit Motivation and

Patron Obligations

Illegal and Unsustainable Resource

Utilization

Poor Program Implementation

Low Staff Capacity

Nepotism

De-Facto Centralization

Patron-Client System

Poor Investment

Climate

Low capacity of Rights Holders

Low Awareness of Rights

Gender Norms

Cultural Norms

Climate Change

Landlessness

Global Crises

Lost Revenue

Incomplete Legal and Regulatory

Framework

Capacity Substitution

Low Social Cohesion

Low Trust in Institutions

Lack of Role Models

Regional Competition

Low Civil Society Participation in

Decision-Making

Reduced Democratic Space

Poor Targeting of

Services

No or ineffective mechanisms of

dialogue & accountability

Rent Seeking / Corruption

Historical Trauma

Unskilled Workforce

Poor Infrastructure

Low Access to Markets

I. Country Context-CCA

Low Quality of Public Services

Low staff Capacity

Nepotisms

Low Salary

Low Motivation

Budget Constraints

Low Capacity of Institutions

Low demands of Rights Holders

Fear of participation

Low awareness of rights

Low capacity of rights holders

Low trust in institutions

History Trauma

Low social coherence

Low Rule of Law

Impunity

Worst Social Environment

Low Rule of Law

Incomplete Legal and Operational Frameworks

Corruption s

Reduce Democratic Spaces

No or ineffective Mechanisms of dialogues


LOW PEOPLE PARTICIPATION

HIGHLY CENTRALIZED

DECISION MAKING

I. Country Context

Poverty Rate GIS-Province Year2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1-Banteay Meanchey 39.9 38.7 37.1 34.1 32.5 31.4 29.72-Battambang 37.8 36.5 35.4 33.3 31.7 29.7 28.73-Kampong Cham 33.1 32.1 31.0 29.0 27.6 25.8 24.34-Kampong Chhnang 37.9 37.2 36.7 35.6 34.2 32.3 30.45-Kampong Speu 41.4 40.3 39.5 37.3 35.2 32.2 30.16-Kampong Thom 41.1 40.5 39.3 37.7 36.5 34.4 32.77-Kampot 26.6 25.6 25.0 23.4 22.4 20.5 19.18-Kandal 27.6 26.2 24.1 21.2 19.7 17.6 15.99-Koh Kong 34.8 34.7 32.6 30.7 29.0 26.5 25.110-Kracheh 43.9 43.3 42.5 41.5 40.2 38.6 37.111-Mondul Kiri 47.0 45.1 44.0 42.4 40.3 38.0 37.112-Phnom Penh 6.8 6.9 5.8 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.113-Preah Vihear 50.2 48.2 47.2 45.7 44.5 43.1 41.514-Prey Veng 33.2 33.2 32.2 30.2 29.1 27.3 25.515-Pursat 40.7 39.9 39.0 37.5 35.8 34.1 32.016-Ratanak Kiri 50.7 48.9 46.6 45.0 43.8 41.5 41.217-Siem Reap 42.2 40.7 38.8 36.0 34.4 32.3 31.118-Preah Sihanouk 31.6 30.7 29.4 24.8 22.8 20.5 19.619-Stung Treng 46.1 45.9 46.1 44.3 43.5 42.4 41.120-Svay Rieng 32.5 31.6 30.1 27.8 25.9 23.6 21.521-Takeo 31.6 30.7 29.2 28.1 26.8 25.2 23.422-Otdar Meanchey 46.6 45.9 44.0 42.3 40.6 39.1 36.523-Kep 33.6 33.0 31.5 28.6 25.2 22.8 21.424-Pailin 41.7 40.5 38.9 36.9 35.0 31.0 28.1

I. Country Context-Poverty

Range

Richest

Richer

Middle

Poorer

Poorest

Urban

63.2%

21.5%

8.5%

4.4%

2.6%

Rural

8.3%

18.4%

22.0%

24.7%

26.5%

Total

23.7%

19.2%

18.2%

19.0%

19.9%

Total # of HH

673,767

545,836

517,407

540,150

565,737

I. Country Context

CDHS 2010, 2,842,897 Households, 13,395,682 Population, Secondary Data Analysis, Dec12,2011

I. Country ContextCore Indicators Status

Labor Forces or working age population (15-64 years olds) 84%, 7.5MCSES 2009

70% from self employment income (27% from wage and salary and 2% from transfer received and less than 1 % from others)

CSES 2009

Expenditure (49% food, 19% Housing, Water, electricity, Fuel ), 10% health

CSES 2009

Maternal Mortality Ratio per 100,000 live birth, CDHS 2010 206

Under 5 Child Mortality rate per 1000 , CDHS 2010 54%Under 5-Stunted , CDHS 2010 40%Under 5-Underweighted, CDHS 2010 28%Under 5-Wasted, CDHS 2010 11%

No Education

Incomplete primary

Complete primary

Incomplete secodary

Complete secondary

Higher

0% 10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Percent Distribution Among Youth Aged 15-30 Who Employed in the Past 12 Mmonths by Type

of Employment

All YearSeasonalOccasional

Axis Title

I. Country Context

CDHS 2010, Secondary Data analysis

II. Cambodia Economic Overview

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

8.10%

6.60%

8.50%

10.30%

13.30%

10.80%10.20%

6.70%

0.10%

6.00%

6.50% 6.50%6.50%

TREND OF ANNUAL ECONOMIC GROWTH

GDP Annual Growth

Source: Draft of National Budget Plan 2012 and Three year Rolling Investment Plan 2012-2014, RGC, MoEF

Estimation NSDP 2009-

2013


Cambodia Economic

Growth Drivers (90%)

Tourism

Garment Factories

Construction Industries

CCA, 2009, UNDP Triple income per capita

Over period 1997-2010 (258, 830 $


2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

455514

594

738 731

830 853915

981

TREND OF GDP PER CAPITA

GDP per capita

Source: Draft of National Budget Plan 2012 and Income statement 2010, Three years of Public Investment Plan 2012-2014 and NSDP 2009-2013 RGC, MoEF


2013


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

19.80%

0.60%

4.00% 4.50%3.50% 3.00%

TREND OF ANNUAL INFLATION RATE

Annual Inflation

Price of Goods Public Financial Mgt ‘Stable Macroeconomic environment Stable Exchange Rate

Source: Draft of National Budget Plan 2012 and Income statement 2010, Three years of Public Investment Plan 2012-2014 and NDSP 2009-2013, MoP, RGC


2013

High Price of oil, food and other commodities



2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

-15.00%

-10.00%

-5.00%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

15.70%

5.50% 5.00% 5.70% 5.60%4.00% 4.10% 4.20% 3.80% 3.70%

12.70%

18.30%

8.40%

4.00%

-9.50%

13.60%

9.20% 9.40% 9.90% 9.30%

13.10%

10.10% 10.10%9.00%

0.00%

3.30%

5.70% 5.70%7.10% 7.30%

AgricultureIndustryServices

COMPOSITION OF CAMBODIA ECONOMIC GROWTH

Estimation Three Year –Public Investment Plan

2012-2014

III. GARMENT FACTORY CONTRIBUTION

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

-15.00%

-10.00%

-5.00%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

9.20%

20.40%

10.00%

2.20%

-9.80%

18.50%

11.60% 11.20%11.20%

10.00%

TREND OF GDP GROWTH BY GARMENT FACTORY

Garment Factory



2012-2014

III. GARMENT FACTORY CONTRIBUTION


2012-2014

IV. Public Investment & Garment Factory

408 Projects (3,990 millions US$)

2014 (1,202

M$

2013 (1,353 M $)

2012 (1,435 M $)

INVESTMENT IN JOB CONDITIONS IMPROVEMENT ????

21801810

408 Projects of Cambodia In-vestment Rolling Plan 2012-2014

147 Projects ( Process)261 Projects (Need)

Budget Estimation

DPs RGC Sub-total

Available Fund

2,154 M$ 474 M$ 2,628 M$

Required Mobilization

1,361 M$

Total 3,990M$


• Mainstream Gender• Tourism• Environment& Comm• Social Services• Governance &Admi• Culture & Art

• Transportations• Macro Clean Water System• Tele communication & Energy and

Electricity

• Agriculture & Land Mgt• Rural Development• Mineral exploitation • Productions

• Education• Health• Social Protection for poor &

vulnerable Population• Impact Mitigation from economic

downturn Social Sector Economic

Sector

Service SectorInfrastructure


• Total :,791.7 M$ or

• 21%• Urban: 50%• Rural: 50%

• Total: 791.7M$ 21%• Urban: 54.8%• Rural :45.20%

• Total : 904.8 M$ or24% • Urban: 27%• Rural : 73%

• Total : 1,206.5 M$ or 32% • Urban: 35%• Rural : 65%

Social Sector Economic

Sector

Service SectorInfrastructure

3,770 millions or 100%Urban 35.2%, Rural 64.80%


32%

24%21%

21%

Estimation Fund for Investment Program 2012-2014, Rolling Plan

Social SectorEconomic SectorInfrastructureService Sector

65%

35%

Proportion of Urban and Rural

Rural Urban


12% 4%

12%

4%4%

4%12%

4%

12%

4%4%

1%2%2%

4%

4%2% 8%

Need for Public Investment Program Rolling Plan 2012-2014

EducationVocational SkillsHealthSocial Protection Agriculture and Land mgtSeasonal Agr productionRural DevelopmentMineral & Business TransportationWater and SanitationEnergy and ElectricityTelecommunicationGender MainstreamingTourismEnvironmnent & ConservationCommunity and Social ServiceCulture and ArtAdmin and Governance

Public Investment & Garment Factory

Poor HH

1millions

High Risk YouthAround 1 millions

Orphans and Vulnerable Population75 0,000

Ethnic MinorityAround 210,000

Elderly660,000

Factory Workers >300,000 DU/IDU =15,000 Entertainment Workers: 32,000 Construction Workers : 40,000 Migrant Workers: 300,000 Other domestic workers

Orphans Children HIV infected Children Disable Children Street Children Children in conflict with the law Sexually abused children Victims of Trafficking Children whose living in identified

poor HH Children whose ling with chronically

ill HH

Previous job of female entertainment workers in past year-BSS 2010, NCADS, MoH

Types of Sexual Partners, of Moto taxi Drivers r-BSS 2010, NCADS, MoH

6002 3,430 3,002

5,30913,723

31,191

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

In 1997 In 2007 In 2009

NBBEW

BBEW

NCHADS 2009, MoH

V. Minimum Wage and Sustainable Development Relationship

Working age Pop15-64

8,864,000

In the Labor Force7,480,000

Employed7,469,000

Unemployed11,000

Not in the labor force1,384,000

CSES 2009, MoP

Employed : All persons who worked at least one hour during the reference period, the past seven days, or had a job/economic activity from which they were temporary absent are employed. Unpaid family workers are included in employed.

49.20%

26.90%

23.50%0.10%

Main Occupation

Self EmployedPaid Employed Unpaid family workers Other


CSES 2009, MoP

Income in US$___________________Per HH Per Capita______ __________

Cambodia 94 21Phnom Penh 307 65Other Urban 154 34Other Rural 79 18

A. SalaryB. Self employment1. Income Agriculture2. Income non agriculture3. Income own house


CSES 2009, MoP

Consumption in US$___________________Per HH Per Capita______ __________

Cambodia 273 62Phnom Penh 601 131Other Urban 379 86Other Rural 225 52

68% on food, housing , water and electricity in Cambodia but 70% in PP and more than 60% in other urban and rural areas


Minimum Wage for workers ??Minimum Wage for factory worker at least

150 US$ per person per month

Garment Factory

Contribution

GDP per Capita

Economic Growth

Part of Public Investment should allocate for ensuring the working conditions of

Workers

2014 (1,202

M$

2013 (1,353 M $)

2012 (1,435 M $)

Buyers must put condition

precedent-PC before purchasing

EmployersEmployees & workers Buyers

VI. Recommendations

Arbitrary Councils

Unions

WTO & ASEAN Oversight Roles of Parliamentarians

Mechanisms for greater Involvement

Oversight Roles of Supreme Council for Cambodia Court

Low Quality of Public Services

Low staff Capacity

Nepotisms

Low Salary

Low Motivation

Budget Constraints

Low Capacity of Institutions

Low demands of Rights Holders

Fear of participation

Low awareness of rights

Low capacity of rights holders

Low trust in institutions

History Trauma

Low social coherence

Low Rule of Law

Impunity

Worst Social Environment

Low Rule of Law

Incomplete Legal and Operational Frameworks

Corruption s

Reduce Democratic Spaces

No or ineffective Mechanisms of dialogues


LOW CAMBODIA FACTORY

WORKERS AND UNIONS

HIGHLY CENTRALIZED

DECISION MAKING

VI. Recommendations

Public Sector

Community Sectors

Private and Civil Society

Sectors

Resource Allocation from Investment Program-Rolling Plan 2012-2014

VI. Recommendations

VII. References

MoP, NSDP 2009-2013 UNDP, CCA 2009 MoP, CMDG Report 2010 MoEF, Income statement 2010 MoEF, Draft Law of National Budget 2012 RGC, Three year-Public Investment Plan 2012-

2014 MoH, CDHS 2010 MoP, CSES 2009 Other national and international data sources Viewable Websites

cambodia people tribunal cpt-afw

Documents

country contextcdhs

country contextcambodia

kampong speu41

kampong thom41

kampong chhnang37

cambodia cca causal

preah vihear50

preah sihanouk31