cambodia - biogas

8/2/2019 Cambodia - Biogas

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A case st u dy in Cam bo d ia

W ast e Managem en tt h r o u g h Bio- g a s p r o g r a m

Dr . Tou ch Visa lsok

Roya l Un iv e rsi t y o f Ag r i cu l t u r e


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Introduction

Many Cambodian people are economically

or geographically inaccessible to electricityor fossil fuels for cooking.

Firewood is extensively used as a major

source of energy, leading to deforestation. The current population growth, the

urbanization of the country as well as its

industrialization has resulted in a growingamount of solid wastes.


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Introduction (Cont)

Biogas presents to be one of the bestsolutions.

Its use provides ecological and

economical advantages. The Government has established a

Nat ion a l Biogas Pr og r am ( NBP) to

promote this technology to ruralcommunities.


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Study Methodology

NPB

Farmers

Technology

Applicability

Synthes is

Interviewed

Interviewed

Multi-cluster

sampling


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Si t e Select io n

Takaev


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Sampling size and methods

74Total

3SdeyronKhvav

3Prey chongreakSangraeTrang

3KadalDongBatty6Chong angOdomsoriya

8Peakbong oungTropeangkhangcheng

7Prey mok

4BrochomSreronong

Tramkok

6Tropuangvihea

5TamoveChiengkoung

6Toal

7KrangtnongRoveang

7Kagngeang

9A rongSlar

Samrong

Sample SizeVillageCommuneDistrict


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Types of bio-gas available inCambodia

Concrete

Chinese model

Indian model

Plastic


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Bio-gas applied by NBP

Indian style

Different digester sizes

4 m3

6 m3

8 m3

10 m3

15 m3


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Biogas Installation Processes

Bio-gas experts

Workers

Farmers

Train

InstallQuality

Co

ntrol

NBP

Micro-fin

ance

Subsidy


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Rat i o s o f m an u r e an d w at er l o ad e d t o t h e

d i g est er a t f i r st t i m e

6000600015

3800380010

300030008

230023006

150015004

Water Volume

(L)

Manure Concentration

(Kg)

Digester Size

(m3)


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Ratios of manure and water dailyloaded to the digester

120-150120-15015

80-10080-10010

60-8060-808

40-6040-606

20-4020-404

Water Volume

(L)

Manure Concentration

(Kg)

Digester Size

(m3)


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Number of animals owned by the interviewed

households

10074Total10074Total

6.75> 92.72> 9

2.72569.477 8

14.8113424.31856

9.471252.73934

66.249010.882.00

Percent#

respondents

Number of

pigs

Percent#

respondents

Number of

cattle


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Reasons for using bio-gas

66.21

33.78

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Save time Convenience

Per

centageofrespondents

(%)


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Duration of energy consumption

28-3214-1515

21-259.5-1010

16-207.5-88

12-155.5-66

8-103.5-44

Lamp (hour)Stove (hour)Digester Size (m3)


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Use of bio-gas

Cooking

Lighting


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Sufficiency of bio-gas for dailyenergy consumption

90.5

9.45

0

20

40

60

80

100

Re

spondents(p

ercent)

Sufficient Insufficient


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A comparison of total expenses on biogas

construction between NPB standard cost and costestimated from the studied households

-100-75515

-100-49010

5001006004308

292.7100392.73756

283.3100383.33204

Costs covered by eachhousehold (US$)

Cost subsidized byNBP (US$)

Cost estimated from the studiedhouseholds (US$)

Standard Costs ofNPB (US$)

DigesterSize(m3)


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A comparison of expense onfirewood and biogas (per month)

14.9

1.59 1.632.5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

E

xpense

($)

Firewood 4m3 6m3 8m3

Digester size


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Perspect i ves o f t he f a rm ers t ow a rd

env i r onm en t a l im pact s o f Bi ogasapp l i ca t ions

Most of the farmers felt that the

environments surrounding theirhouses were significantly improved ifcompared with the times when theyused firewood and charcoal.


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Ability of the farmers to maintainand fix up the bio-gas system

23

77

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Respondents(percent)

Yes No


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Factors affecting bio-gasapplications

The cost for installation of biogas

digester is still so high that manypoor farmers could not afford to pay.

High input for animal manure (4-5cows)

Unfavorable odor and smell of the gas

Maintenance of the system


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Conclus ion

Waste management though bio-gas

system appears to be an appropriatealternative.

Two important advantages: Environmental improvement

Economic benefits


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Recommendations

Identifying methods for maximizing

bio-gas production

Research on methods for reducing

unfavorable smell and odor Introducing the use of municipal

waste for bio-gas production

cambodia - biogas

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