calf & crop spectacular
DESCRIPTION
Special section devoted to content on calf health and development and crops and farming.TRANSCRIPT
spring 2013
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TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 1
South Dakotas #1 volume Honda dealer. We will meet or beat any advertised price in SD. We want your business
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MULTI-PURPOSE UTILITY VEHICLES CAN BE HAZARDOUS TO OPERATE. FOR YOUR SAFETY, BE RESPONSIBLE. ALWAYS WEAR A HELMET, EYE PROTECTION AND APPROPRIATE CLOTHING. ALWAYS WEAR YOUR SEAT BELT, AND KEEP THE SIDE NETS AND DOORS CLOSED. AVOID EXCESSIVE SPEEDS, AND BE CAREFUL ON DIFFICULT TERRAIN. ALL MUV DRIVERS SHOULD WATCH THE SAFETY VIDEO “MULTIPURPOSE UTILITY VEHICLES: A GUIDE TO SAFE OPERATION” AND READ THE OWNER’S MANUAL BEFORE OPERATING THE VEHICLE. NEVER DRIVE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS OR ALCOHOL, ON PUBLIC ROADS OR WITH MORE THAN ONE PASSENGER. BIG RED IS ONLY FOR DRIVERS 16 YEARS AND OLDER. DRIVER AND PASSENGER MUST BE TALL ENOUGH FOR SEAT BELT TO FIT PROPERLY AND TO BRACE THEMSELVES WITH BOTH FEET FIRMLY ON THE FLOOR. PASSENGER MUST BE ABLE TO GRASP THE HAND HOLD WITH THE SEAT BELT ON AND BOTH FEET ON THE FLOOR. RESPECT THE ENVIRONMENT WHEN DRIVING.UTILITY ATVs ARE RECOMMENDED ONLY FOR RIDERS 16 YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER. BE A RESPONSIBLE RIDER. ALWAYS WEAR A HELMET, EYE PROTECTION AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, AND PLEASE RESPECT THE ENVIRONMENT. OBEY THE LAW AND READ YOUR OWNER’S MANUAL THOROUGHLY.*2.99% Fixed APR financing available for customers who qualify for super preferred credit tier for up to 36 months through Honda Financial Services. Payment example: 36 monthly payments of $29.08 for each $1000 financed. Offer good on all model year new and unregistered ATV, MUV models. Not all buyers may qualify. Higher rates apply for buyers with lower credit ratings. Check with participating Honda dealers for complete details. Offer ends 7/8/2013. . Down payment does not include tax, license and other fees.
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honda.com UTILITY ATVs ARE RECOMMENDED ONLY FOR RIDERS 16 YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER. BE A RESPONSIBLE RIDER. ALWAYS WEAR A HELMET, EYE PROTECTION AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, AND PLEASE RESPECT THE ENVIRONMENT. OBEY THE LAW AND READ YOUR OWNER’S MANUAL THOROUGHLY. *1.99% Fixed APR financing available for customers who qualify for super preferred credit tier for up to 36 months through Honda Financial Services. Payment example: 36 monthly payments of $28.64 for each $1,000 financed. Offer good on all new and unregistered FourTrax Foreman models. Not all buyers may qualify. Higher rates apply for buyers with lower credit ratings. Offer ends 12/31/11. **$300 Bonus Bucks valid on 2012 and prior TRX500FPE/FE/FPM/FM models. Bonus Bucks redeemable only for purchases at dealer on purchase date. No cash value. Non-transferable. Redemption value is not to exceed $300. Offer ends 12/31/11. Check with participating Honda Dealers for complete details. FourTrax®
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2 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 3
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4 start calves on Grain to increase Gain
By Loretta Sorensennew studies are showing the benefits of weaning calves early in times of drought and how to make them more efficient in the feedlot.
10 clostridial diseases in cattle
Heather Smith ThomasDiseases like blackleg, redwater, malignant edema and clostridium perfringens can still be a threat to calf health.
18 How early is too early?
Lorestta SorensenBeef specialists discuss early weaning options for ranchers with limited feed resources.
22 septicemia in calves
Heather Smith ThomasBuilding a calf’s immune system is vitally important for fighting off infections and sickness.
30 BrandinG memories of four calves
Jan Swan Wooda little fun for the whole ranching family! This fictional story about four calves from different ranches tells the other side of the branding experience.
38 dispellinG BiotecHnoloGy mytHs
Heather Hamiltonwhat are Gmos? are they safe? Do we really need them? These questions and common myths about Gmos are answered.
48 cover crops could improve soil HealtH
Amanda RadkeThe latest advancements in farming research show multiple benefits to using cover crops in any farming situation.
52 no till: tHe Key to soil Quality
Holly Thomaslocal farmers are improving their land and sustainability by implementing a no-till farming system.
58 How’s it GrowinG?
Heather Hamiltona look at what the U.s. 2013 production might look like. how much production will got to food or feed? will we need to look to other sources?
64 wHat your BanKer wants to tell you
Heather Hamiltonsome helpful tips from an ag loan officer/rancher on what you should you consider when seeking an ag loan.
4 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
Calves that have been through a backgrounding program may appeal to buyers because they know how to eat dry feed out
of a bunk, know what a waterer is and how to use it, and their immune systems are “primed” if correct rations are formulated
and proper vaccination protocols have been implemented.
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 5
Start CalveS on Grain to inCreaSe Gain
Each producer has to pencil out the figures related to their specific operation, but weaning calves early and finishing them on grain could pay off if forage resources are slim or unavailable.
University of Illinois Extension Educator Travis Meteer says stud-ies have shown that early-weaned calves can convert grain to gain very efficiently. Depending on grain and/or corn co-products costs, the ap-proach could improve reproduction performance of cows, allowing them to utilize forage resources to maintain or regain body condition prior to re-breeding.
“In Illinois, feedlot programs focus heavily on using corn products be-cause we have a lot of corn products and co-products here,” Meteer said. “Over the past three or four years,
with high corn prices, corn co-prod-ucts have been some of the cheaper feedstuffs.”
Ethanol plants may employ either a wet mill process or dry mill process in ethanol production. In the wet mill process, corn kernels are soaked to soften them. The process facilitates separation of the corn components. Co-products of the wet mill process include corn gluten feed and corn gluten meal. These co-products are protein- and energy-rich. They can be used in ruminant diets for up to 30 percent of a ration’s dry matter. They are referred to as Wet Distillers Grains (WDGS) and Modified Wet Distillers Grains (MWDGS).
Co-products of the dry milling process are Distillers Dried Grains with Soluble (DDGS). These products are medium-protein and high-energy.
They contain B-vitamins, phosphorus and highly digestible fiber. Cattle like the taste.
Calves with access to a high-grain ration through creep-feeding can con-vert feed at a 3:1 ratio. When it’s time to finish early-weaned calves that have adapted to a grain diet early, they have a 15 to 20 percent feed-effi-ciency advantage over similar calves coming off forage.
“The wet modified distiller’s grain has a fair amount of fat in it, which makes it a high-energy feed,” Me-teer said. “Studies have shown that high-fat co-products can have simi-lar effects as starch-based feeds in helping increase marbling. WMDGS work well ensiled with corn silage or corn stalklage because of that high fat content.”
By loReTTa soRensen
6 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
Research has also shown that starch in a young calf’s diet allows it to de-velop the fat cells that lead to later marbling. Some University of Illinois studies indicated that starch in the young calf’s diet could be more impor-tant for marbling than the content of the finishing ration. Newer research at the University of Illinois shows simi-lar marbling scores using DDGS and other higher fat co-products in com-parison to grain diets. Co-products may provide a cheaper alternative to grain.
Finishing calves efficiently is key to beef producer success with the current beef industry and commodity prices. One strategy of successful beef finish-ing programs has been targeting pre-mium beef market options.
“There’s been quite a shift with major feedlots and especially beef producers in the Midwest to target the premium beef market,” Meteer says. “They’re trying to hit choice and upper choice markets that pay good premiums. To ensure that cattle meet the specifications of that target market, finishing may not be based on a num-ber of days or even a specific weight. The target may be a fat cover figure or the characteristics that indicate a quality grade. Feeding programs are often based on 100 days of finishing, but some feeders are trying to push that down below 100 days and still hit choice grade.”
While some precautions are nec-essary in utilizing a heavy grain pro-gram with young calves, most
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3 point scrapers can be either pushed or pulled. Whichever suits your ap-plication better. Available in 8’, 9’ and 10’ models
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for cattle, Sheep Buffalo, Horses, & exotic animalsenergy free rubber Water tanks Save Energy by using energy free tanks. Drink holes are cut in a sidewall of the tank. From on to four holes can be cut in the tank at various sizes to fit you particular needs. These tanks are available from 6’ to 10’. Covers are also available for the center of these tanks.open runner Water tanks These tanks can be covered or left open. The valve assembly can be covered in different heights in most sizes.
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TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 7
calves are ready to convert to a grain diet between two and three months of age.
“You want to take care not to founder young animals,” Meteer said. “And keep in mind that God intended calves to use their mother’s milk for energy rather than going to a grain or co-product diet too early.” But if you properly manage a grain diet for young calves, it can be effective at initiating marbling.
Historically, October and November have proven to be the worst time to sell light-weight calves. The price slide tends to narrow during that time as buyers seek heavier calves for calf-fed programs scheduled to finish for the May fed-cattle market. Light-weight calves also pose more health risk for buyers. Better market conditions for light-weights are typically seen in December and January.
Calves that have been through a backgrounding pro-gram may appeal to buyers because they know how to eat dry feed out of a bunk, know what a waterer is and how to use it, and their immune systems are “primed” if correct rations are formulated and proper vaccination protocols have been implemented.
Strategizing to bring early-weaned calves to market in March or April could also improve overall beef production profits. Depending on the feed products available, produc-ers could lean heavily on finishing and bring early-weaned calves to market between the age of 13 and 17 months.
“It may be more difficult now to make that scenario work economically,” Meteer admitted. “Depending on their forage resources, beef producers may not be pushing corn co-products as strongly now as they have in the past, due to consistently high prices.”
Meteer doesn’t expect feed prices to improve anytime soon until a new corn crop appears to be abundant. For 2013, it’s likely to be one the biggest problems beef produc-ers face.
“Further down the line feedlots are probably going to be challenged to find enough animals to feed,” Meteer says. “With the drought, cow numbers are at historic lows. Fewer cows means fewer calves and feedlots may find themselves scrambling to find calves to put in their pens. If we have a good corn crop this year, that could result in
moderated feed prices. Right now I think feedlot man-agers have done as much as they can to improve feed
efficiency. The next issue could be how to keep the pens full.”
“The beef market changes constantly,” Me-teer says. “Traditionally, cattle producers are more focused on inputs, feed and over-all costs. Those producers who can adapt quickly and take advantage of risk man-agement strategies are going to realize some price advantages.”
8 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
14,000 lb. GVW, 2 Dexter® 7K axles, E-Z Lub hubs
102" x 25'$1,340 down = $5,360 • $127/Mo. ...$6,700102" x 26' TD$1,685 down = $6,740 • $164/Mo. ...$8,425102" x 28' TD$1,725 down = $6,900 • $164/Mo. ...$8,625102" x 30' TD$1,770 down = $7,080 • $168/Mo. ...$8,850102" x 32' TD$1,810 down = $7,240 • $172/Mo. ...$9,050102" x 36' TD$1,910 down = $7,640 • $181/Mo. ...$9,550
3 Compartment
6'8" x 24' $2,007 down = $8,028 @ $190/Mo.*........$10,0352 Compartment
6'8" x 20' $1,907 down = $7,628 @ $181/Mo.*.............$9,535Bumper Hitch
6' x 16' $1,087 down = $4,348 @ $103/Mo.* ...................$5,435
23,400 lb. GVW, tandem duals, 12” I-beam, 19 lbs. per foot, Dexter® oil bath axles,all wheel brakes, 10 ply 16” radials, US Steel, extra tall neck, adjustable hitch,screened in neck, Bulldog spring loaded jack, front step w/grab handle, front tiedownbars, pressure treated kindle driven wood deck, outside stake pockets w/rubrail, 5’self cleaning dove tail, 2 flipover ramps w/kickers. DuPont paint, made in Americasince 1971.
7K Dexter® torsion axles w/5 yr. warranty. E-Z lube hubs, all wheel brakes, 10ply 16” radials, 14 gauge, US steel, fuel saving aerodyne nose, adjustable hitch,spring loaded bulldog jack, diamond plate gravel guards, camlock escape door,
high smooth sides, nose gate, combination swing, slide,slam lock gates throughout, interior lights, pressure treatedkindle driven wood floor, quad tail lamps. DuPont paint,made in America since 1971. Silver, gray, metallic brown,red, blue, white in stock - ready for immediate delivery.
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26' ADD $575 28' ADD $67530' ADD $700 32' & 36' ADD $750
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7' x 24' – 2 Compartment$14,150
with $2,830 Down= $11,320 Financed @ $268/Month
7' x 24' – 3 Compartmentsliders on every gate, w/slam latch,
50" side escape door$15,600
with $3,120 Down= $12,480 Financed @ $296/Month
7' x 22' - One Only! 3 Compartment with Sliders
$15,975
7' x 24' with 50" side door, one center gate w/slider
$16,560
7' x 24' w/slam lock - 3 Compartmentwith Sliders, 50” side door w/slam latch
$17,1507'6" x 30' - 3 Compartmentwith Sliders,
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$22,000
with $3,430 Down= $13,720 Financed @ $325/Month
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TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 9
10 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
Clostridialdiseases
in CattleBy heaTheR smiTh Thomas
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 11
Dr. Steve Hendrick, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (University of Saskatchewan) says clostridial diseases are environmental diseases, and not contagious in the usual sense, so they are different from what most producers are accustomed to dealing with. “We are used to contagious diseases where one animal gets sick and can pass the disease directly to another. This is not the case with clostridial diseases. They are caused by spores that live happily in the environment for many years. The spores are resistant to heat, cold and any other harsh en-vironmental conditions. We always joke that these dis-eases are very happy, even living in the cold weather of the northern plains,” he said.
“It all comes down to whether or not the environment on your farm or ranch has been contaminated in the past. The spores can last a long time and cause disease many years later. When we get wet conditions we see more cases,” Hendrick said.
“Blackleg is probably the most prevalent; the bacterial spores are present everywhere. There are certain geo-graphic locations where redwater is also very common,” he said. In regions with liver flukes, stockmen may have to vaccinate twice a year. The flukes damage the liver and allow infection to gain entrance to these tissues.
“Blackleg and malignant edema are very similar and we see these quite often unless cattle are vaccinated. We
Several important clostridial diseases affect cattle. These include blackleg, red-water, malignant edema and several types of Clostridium perfringens. Most stockmen vaccinate against these diseases, using a 7-way or 8-way clostridial
vaccine. “This is probably the most widely used vaccine. If people do not vaccinate against these diseases, eventually they will lose cattle,” says John Campbell, Head of the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Saskatchewan).
clostridial vaccines can be irritating, causing knots or swelling, and should be given subcutaneously, according to Dr. steve hendrick. courtesy photo heather smith Thomas
12 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
T H E W Y O M I N G W A Y
RANCHING IS PART SCIENCE,PART PERSISTENCE, AND PARTLETTING NATURE DO ITS THING.
T H E W A Y B A N K I N G S H O U L D B EMember FDIC
What does it take to bea success in agriculture?The latest technologicaladvances. Working from dawn until dusk. And the patience and faith to get through the changing seasons. We’ve learned all those lessons over our years of ag lending. Whether you need the latest equipment, your annual loan or just a bank you can trust, you’ll fi nd a partner you can rely on at any of our branches or wypinnbank.com.
MOORCROFT602 East Converse307.756.3473
FARONFERGUSON
TROYPETERSON
THE WYOMING WAY
RANCHING IS PART SCIENCE,PART PERSISTENCE, AND PARTLETTING NATURE DO ITS THING.
THE WAY BANKING SHOULD BEMember FDIC
What does it take to bea success in agriculture?The latest technologicaladvances. Working from dawn until dusk. And the patience and faith to get through the changing seasons. We’ve learned all those lessons over our years of ag lending. Whether you need the latest equipment, your annual loan or just a bank you can trust, you’ll fi nd a partner you can rely on at any of our branches or wypinnbank.com.
MOORCROFT602 East Converse307.756.3473
FARONFERGUSON
TROYPETERSON
T H E W Y O M I N G W A Y
RANCHING IS PART SCIENCE,PART PERSISTENCE, AND PARTLETTING NATURE DO ITS THING.
T H E W A Y B A N K I N G S H O U L D B EMember FDIC
What does it take to bea success in agriculture?The latest technologicaladvances. Working from dawn until dusk. And the patience and faith to get through the changing seasons. We’ve learned all those lessons over our years of ag lending. Whether you need the latest equipment, your annual loan or just a bank you can trust, you’ll fi nd a partner you can rely on at any of our branches or wypinnbank.com.
MOORCROFT602 East Converse307.756.3473
FARONFERGUSON
TROYPETERSON
T H E W Y O M I N G W A Y
RANCHING IS PART SCIENCE,PART PERSISTENCE, AND PARTLETTING NATURE DO ITS THING.
T H E W A Y B A N K I N G S H O U L D B EMember FDIC
What does it take to bea success in agriculture?The latest technologicaladvances. Working from dawn until dusk. And the patience and faith to get through the changing seasons. We’ve learned all those lessons over our years of ag lending. Whether you need the latest equipment, your annual loan or just a bank you can trust, you’ll fi nd a partner you can rely on at any of our branches or wypinnbank.com.
MOORCROFT602 East Converse307.756.3473
FARONFERGUSON
TROYPETERSON
T H E W Y O M I N G W A Y
RANCHING IS PART SCIENCE,PART PERSISTENCE, AND PARTLETTING NATURE DO ITS THING.
T H E W A Y B A N K I N G S H O U L D B EMember FDIC
What does it take to bea success in agriculture?The latest technologicaladvances. Working from dawn until dusk. And the patience and faith to get through the changing seasons. We’ve learned all those lessons over our years of ag lending. Whether you need the latest equipment, your annual loan or just a bank you can trust, you’ll fi nd a partner you can rely on at any of our branches or wypinnbank.com.
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RANCHING IS PART SCIENCE,PART PERSISTENCE, AND PARTLETTING NATURE DO ITS THING.
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What does it take to bea success in agriculture?The latest technologicaladvances. Working from dawn until dusk. And the patience and faith to get through the changing seasons. We’ve learned all those lessons over our years of ag lending. Whether you need the latest equipment, your annual loan or just a bank you can trust, you’ll fi nd a partner you can rely on at any of our branches or wypinnbank.com.
MOORCROFT602 East Converse307.756.3473
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TROYPETERSON
T H E W Y O M I N G W A Y
RANCHING IS PART SCIENCE,PART PERSISTENCE, AND PARTLETTING NATURE DO ITS THING.
T H E W A Y B A N K I N G S H O U L D B EMember FDIC
What does it take to bea success in agriculture?The latest technologicaladvances. Working from dawn until dusk. And the patience and faith to get through the changing seasons. We’ve learned all those lessons over our years of ag lending. Whether you need the latest equipment, your annual loan or just a bank you can trust, you’ll fi nd a partner you can rely on at any of our branches or wypinnbank.com.
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T H E W Y O M I N G W A Y
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T H E W A Y B A N K I N G S H O U L D B EMember FDIC
What does it take to bea success in agriculture?The latest technologicaladvances. Working from dawn until dusk. And the patience and faith to get through the changing seasons. We’ve learned all those lessons over our years of ag lending. Whether you need the latest equipment, your annual loan or just a bank you can trust, you’ll fi nd a partner you can rely on at any of our branches or wypinnbank.com.
MOORCROFT602 East Converse307.756.3473
FARONFERGUSON
TROYPETERSON
most producers are able to avoid any
problems with the clostridial diseases
by vaccinating at branding
with a 7-way or 8-way vaccine.
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 13
see C. novyi (which causes Black dis-ease) from time to time in unvacci-nated animals.
“Tetanus is also a clostridial disease, and we see it in cattle oc-casionally,” he added. Most 7- and 8-way Clostridial vaccines do not include tetanus, so produc-ers should be aware of this when choosing vaccines.
“We’ve seen outbreaks of teta-nus when people are banding bull calves at weaning time or when they are coming into a feedlot. We don’t see this so much in baby calves, but more in the larger calves. For these big calves, many people use band-ers. All clostridial organisms thrive in an anaerobic environment (with-out oxygen). The clamp against the testicles provides a perfect place for the bacteria to grow. We’ve seen producers do this and get away without using tetanus vaccine year after year, and all of a sudden one year they have a large number of banded cattle develop tetanus a few weeks later,” he says.
“All of the clostridial diseases are caused by very hardy spore-forming bacteria that live in the environment. They are everywhere – in the soil and feces – so cattle are always exposed to them. Clostridial diseases tend to occur most often in young cattle,” Campbell said. The older animal may have been exposed earlier in life (with low levels of bacteria) and developed some resistance.
“The dormant spores are brought up to the ground surface with moisture. Then if we get some dry weather, the spores end up on the ground surface. They float on top of the water in a puddle, for instance, and as the puddle dries up, they will concentrate on the surface. As cattle graze in low areas, or drink from shrinking puddles, they may pick up spores,” he explained.
“With these diseases you usually don’t see sick animals. You gener-ally go out to the pasture and find one or two animals dead,” he said. It’s difficult to find them in time to treat them.
“The clinical signs you might see, if the animal is still alive, include swelling in a muscle (such as we find in blackleg), but if there is no wound with it, it may be difficult to notice.
The animal ingested the spores, which eventually end up in the mus-cles. It’s usually a very fast-growing calf (one of your best animals) that’s affected. If the muscles don’t get enough oxygen, the spores prolifer-ate in the muscle. The animals may bump one another or there’s some bruising in the tissue that creates the ideal conditions for spores to grow,” Hendrick said.
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14 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
The animals may bump one another or there’s some bruising in the tissue that creates the ideal conditions for spores to grow, says hendrick. The calf pictured here suffered from blackleg. courtesy photo heather smith Thomas
Blackleg has been a serious prob-lem in livestock (especially young, growing animals) for a long time. One of the first cattle vaccines created was for this disease. “The vaccines seem to be very effective,” Campbell said. “They’ve been in use for many years and have dramatically cut down the incidence of these diseases. I still see some cases, on farms where people have tried to save money and didn’t vaccinate. The disaster that can hap-pen – especially with blackleg – can be tremendous. A few years ago, one farmer lost half his calf crop to black-leg,” Campbell said.
With clostridial diseases it’s usu-ally a very swift course of illness and sudden death. “It sometimes goes undiagnosed because they die so fast. Many of the ones we looked at that died from blackleg had infection around the lining of the heart as well as muscle lesions,” he explains.
“This can be a devastating disease. It’s a very inexpensive vaccine, so it really pays to vaccinate. One chal-lenge today for people who are calv-ing on pasture later in the year is that they have to round up the calves at some point to vaccinate and make sure they get their first clostridial vaccine. In the more traditional set-ting, where ranchers calve in Febru-ary, March or April, they gather and vaccinate the cattle before they are turned out to summer pasture. It is more challenging for people who calve later, out on summer pasture, if they want to vaccinate those calves at one or two months of age,” he said.
It is possible that those cattlemen who calve later in the season, on sum-mer pasture may not see the cattle as often and might not know when one becomes ill – or might not find out you have a problem until several ani-mals are dead.
Clostridium perfringens includes several different types, some of which affect calves at an early age, or older fast-growing calves. “This one is
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 15
406-628-2341Montana-Wyoming West PC, Laurel, MT
If you need assistance searching for a ranch, or to help you market yours, give me a call. All calls are confidential. Other ranches available.Clifton M. Berglee, DVM, 406-860-7319, Montana-Wyoming West PC, Laurel, MT
Licensed in MT, WY, ND, and SD
Twin Creeks Ranch: MacDonald and Duncan Creeks each run 1/2 mile on the ranch before join-ing up and MacDonald runs another 1/4 mile. This is a highly desired area for it beauty, wildlife, and production. Excellent improvements and only 18 miles from Lewistown or Grass Range. Call Jeff, 406-855-1081
Alder Gulch Ranch: A rare offering! Panoramic front row seats of the beautiful Big Horn Mountains! Two homes & nice improvements on 566 acres with irrigated meadows - minutes from Sheridan, WY. Call Clifton, 406-860-7319
King Ranch: Value beyond your expectations. 3,100 deeded contiguous acres only minutes from Billings, MT. Offering in-cludes lots of outbuildings and an beautiful 6,100 SF Executive Home. Sub-irrigated meadow and good wells and stream. Par-tially farmed in small grains. For a brochure or more informa-tion call Jeff Klaus at 406-855-1081.
South Willow Creek Pasture: This 2,230 acre fenced parcel border Hwy 12 only 5 miles east of Roundup, MT. Annual CRP payments of $32,808 plus hay/grazing income create an excellent in-vestment. There is a well with electricity and pipe-line and numerous dams and reservoirs. Call Jeff, 406-855-1081
Killdeer, ND Prime Road Acreage: This 205 acre parcel is located just 3 miles south of Killdeer on busy Hwy 22. It is multi-zoned for commercial & residential. Huge indoor riding arena and outdoor arena. Very successful Tack Shop is avail-able for purchase as well. Call Clifton Berglee at 406-860-7319
Alder Gulch rAnch: A rare offering! Panoramic front row seats of the beautiful Big Horn Mountains! Two homes & nice
improvements on 566 acres with irrigated meadows - minutes from Sheridan, WY. Call
Clifton, 406-860-7319
Twin Creeks Ranch: MacDonald and Duncan Creeks each run 1/2 mile on the ranch before join-ing up and MacDonald runs another 1/4 mile. This is a highly desired area for it beauty, wildlife, and production. Excellent improvements and only 18 miles from Lewistown or Grass Range. Call Jeff, 406-855-1081
Alder Gulch Ranch: A rare offering! Panoramic front row seats of the beautiful Big Horn Mountains! Two homes & nice improvements on 566 acres with irrigated meadows - minutes from Sheridan, WY. Call Clifton, 406-860-7319
King Ranch: Value beyond your expectations. 3,100 deeded contiguous acres only minutes from Billings, MT. Offering in-cludes lots of outbuildings and an beautiful 6,100 SF Executive Home. Sub-irrigated meadow and good wells and stream. Par-tially farmed in small grains. For a brochure or more informa-tion call Jeff Klaus at 406-855-1081.
South Willow Creek Pasture: This 2,230 acre fenced parcel border Hwy 12 only 5 miles east of Roundup, MT. Annual CRP payments of $32,808 plus hay/grazing income create an excellent in-vestment. There is a well with electricity and pipe-line and numerous dams and reservoirs. Call Jeff, 406-855-1081
Killdeer, ND Prime Road Acreage: This 205 acre parcel is located just 3 miles south of Killdeer on busy Hwy 22. It is multi-zoned for commercial & residential. Huge indoor riding arena and outdoor arena. Very successful Tack Shop is avail-able for purchase as well. Call Clifton Berglee at 406-860-7319
Twin creeks rAnch: South Fork of McDonald and Duncan Creeks flow ½ mile on the ranch before joining and running for an additional ¼ mile on the property. This is a highly desired area for it beauty, wildlife, and production. Excellent improvements and only 18 miles from Lewistown or Grass Range.
Call Jeff, 406-855-1081
Twin Creeks Ranch: MacDonald and Duncan Creeks each run 1/2 mile on the ranch before join-ing up and MacDonald runs another 1/4 mile. This is a highly desired area for it beauty, wildlife, and production. Excellent improvements and only 18 miles from Lewistown or Grass Range. Call Jeff, 406-855-1081
Alder Gulch Ranch: A rare offering! Panoramic front row seats of the beautiful Big Horn Mountains! Two homes & nice improvements on 566 acres with irrigated meadows - minutes from Sheridan, WY. Call Clifton, 406-860-7319
King Ranch: Value beyond your expectations. 3,100 deeded contiguous acres only minutes from Billings, MT. Offering in-cludes lots of outbuildings and an beautiful 6,100 SF Executive Home. Sub-irrigated meadow and good wells and stream. Par-tially farmed in small grains. For a brochure or more informa-tion call Jeff Klaus at 406-855-1081.
South Willow Creek Pasture: This 2,230 acre fenced parcel border Hwy 12 only 5 miles east of Roundup, MT. Annual CRP payments of $32,808 plus hay/grazing income create an excellent in-vestment. There is a well with electricity and pipe-line and numerous dams and reservoirs. Call Jeff, 406-855-1081
Killdeer, ND Prime Road Acreage: This 205 acre parcel is located just 3 miles south of Killdeer on busy Hwy 22. It is multi-zoned for commercial & residential. Huge indoor riding arena and outdoor arena. Very successful Tack Shop is avail-able for purchase as well. Call Clifton Berglee at 406-860-7319
souTh willow creek PAsTure: This 2,230 acre fenced parcel border Hwy 12 only 5
miles east of Roundup, MT. Annual CRP payments of $32,808 plus hay/grazing income create an
excellent investment. A well with electricity supplies a pipeline with stock tanks. There are
several reservoirs. Call Jeff, 406-855-1081
losT creek rAnch has productive irrigated farmland, Lost Boy Creek, rough pine coved
ridges, with beautiful remodeled farmhouse, large barn, and ranch improvements. Elk, whitetails,
and mule deer share this paradise with huge flocks of geese and ducks. Lost Creek Ranch is on the Yellowstone River Valley 30 mile from Montana’s largest city. This ranch has had only two families since homesteaded. Call Clifton 406-860-7319
Twin Creeks Ranch: MacDonald and Duncan Creeks each run 1/2 mile on the ranch before join-ing up and MacDonald runs another 1/4 mile. This is a highly desired area for it beauty, wildlife, and production. Excellent improvements and only 18 miles from Lewistown or Grass Range. Call Jeff, 406-855-1081
Alder Gulch Ranch: A rare offering! Panoramic front row seats of the beautiful Big Horn Mountains! Two homes & nice improvements on 566 acres with irrigated meadows - minutes from Sheridan, WY. Call Clifton, 406-860-7319
King Ranch: Value beyond your expectations. 3,100 deeded contiguous acres only minutes from Billings, MT. Offering in-cludes lots of outbuildings and an beautiful 6,100 SF Executive Home. Sub-irrigated meadow and good wells and stream. Par-tially farmed in small grains. For a brochure or more informa-tion call Jeff Klaus at 406-855-1081.
South Willow Creek Pasture: This 2,230 acre fenced parcel border Hwy 12 only 5 miles east of Roundup, MT. Annual CRP payments of $32,808 plus hay/grazing income create an excellent in-vestment. There is a well with electricity and pipe-line and numerous dams and reservoirs. Call Jeff, 406-855-1081
Killdeer, ND Prime Road Acreage: This 205 acre parcel is located just 3 miles south of Killdeer on busy Hwy 22. It is multi-zoned for commercial & residential. Huge indoor riding arena and outdoor arena. Very successful Tack Shop is avail-able for purchase as well. Call Clifton Berglee at 406-860-7319
kinG rAnch: Value beyond your expectations. 3,100 deeded contiguous acres only minutes from Billings, MT. Offering includes many outbuildings and a beautiful 6,100 SF Executive Home. Sub-
irrigated meadow and good wells. Partially farmed in small grains. For a brochure or more information call
Jeff Klaus at 406-855-1081.
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tougher to diagnose because there are many clostridial organisms living in the gut and under normal conditions they don’t cause disease. Clostridium perfringens can also proliferate after death, so it can be difficult to deter-mine whether this was the organism that caused the illness and death,” Campbell said.
“Clostridium perfringens type B and C can cause enteritis in calves and diarrhea in calves less than a month of age. Type A may cause toxic gut in-fections in calves up to three months of age. Some of these calves may die very quickly and this disease may be harder to diagnose than some of the other clostridia. All of these bacteria release highly lethal toxins, and C. perfringens results in very severe in-testinal damage,” he said. The calves may go into shock and die quickly.
If a herd has problems with Clos-tridium perfringens in baby calves, the cows can be vaccinated ahead of calving, to make sure the calves get some protection via antibodies in the colostrum. It is also effective to vaccinate young calves; maternal antibodies don’t seem to interfere as much (as they do with other types of diseases) with the calf’s ability to start mounting his own immune response from Clostridial vaccinations. Some
veterinarians recommend vaccinat-ing cows ahead of calving if the herd has a problem in very young calves, or vaccinating the calves after birth if the disease tends to occur in older calves.
“It is an irritating vaccine, how-ever, so you want to give it under the skin on the neck and not into the muscle,” he advised. Some indi-vidual animals react more adversely than others, developing a knot or swelling at the site.
16 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
Vermeer and the Vermeer logo are trademarks of Vermeer Manufacturing Company in the U.S. and/or other countries. © 2013 Vermeer Corporation. All rights reserved.
Watch it work at vermeer.com.
Vermeer® Super M Series Balers. Raise your expectations on the quality of the package, the density of the bale, the ease of the operation and the smooth, dependable bale wrapping process.
Vermeer R2800 TwinRakes. Smooth, quiet, gentle handling. Up to 28' (8.53 m) raking widths; 2.5' (.76 m) - 7' (2.13 m) windrows. Hydraulically adjustable windrow widths, basket lift/fold/unfold. Field to transport in minutes. Now with optional Powered Splitter.
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NEBRASKA ALBION Kayton International, Inc. 402-395-2181ATKINSON Flannery Hay Equipment 402-925-5488BIG SPRINGS Big Springs Equipment, Inc. 308-889-3440 BURWELL Thoene Farm Service, Inc. 308-346-5250, 800-346-5250 CROFTON Kayton International, Inc. 402-395-2181, 402-395-2331LOUP CITY Eldon Kieborz 308-745-0293MAXWELL Miller Repair, LLC 308-582-4303 MERNA R.L. Ag 308-643-2241NELIGH Kayton International, Inc. 402-887-4118NORFOLK Kayton International, Inc. 402-371-3656PIERCE Polt Borthers Equipment, LLC 402-329-6501VALENTINE Cherry County Implement 877-BALE-HAY, 402-376-3490
NORTH DAKOTAASHLEY G & G Implement 701-288-3411HETTINGER Laufer Vermeer 701-567-4368MANNING Steffan Vermeer 701-573-5254VALLEY CITY Schaefer Vermeer Equipment 701-646-6089
SOUTH DAKOTA BROOKINGS Farmer’s Implement 605-692-6153BURKE Johnson Implement, Inc. 605-775-2616CLARK Westside Implement, Inc. 800-749-3484, 605-532-3484HOT SPRINGS Collins Vermeer Sales 605-745-4746ISABEL Automotive Co. Inc. 605-466-2112MENNO Menno Mercantile Company 605-387-5166MISSION Assman Implement, Inc. 605-856-2305MOBRIDGE Lindskov Implement 605-845-2201PHILIP Kennedy Implement 605-859-2568PIERRE Titan Machinery, Inc. 605-224-9247SALEMPutoff Repair Sales & Service 605-425-2018STURGIS Valley Implement 605-347-4493WEBSTER Northside Implement 605-345-4799 MONTANA BAKERTrendline, Inc. 406-778-3777BROADUS MT Tractor & Equipment 406-436-2101
Farmer Rancher ExchangeGuide7.47x6_4cIncentive.indd 16 2/20/13 5:54 AMOffice (605) 859-2568Mark Buchholz (605) 685-5975Kent Buchholz (605) 441-4842
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 17
Family owned & operated with very affordable prices!
601 S. Ohlman St. Mitchell, SD
605-990-5333
13320 Fall River Rd. Hot Springs, SD
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2013 Sooner Gooseneck Livestock Trailer
7’ x 24’ 1 Gate, 2 Compartments ................................... $16,7957’ x 24’ 2 Gates w/Sliders, 3 Compartments ................. $17,5757’ x 28’ 2 Gates w/Sliders, 3 Compartments ................. $20,8757’ x 30’ 2 Gates w/Sliders, 3 Compartments ................. $20,9757.6’ x 30’ 2 Gates w/Sliders, 3 Compartments, 56” Escape/ 4
Wheeler Door, 17.5 Wheels, 16 Ply Tires, Vents Under GooseneckTandem 8k Axles ........................................................ $22,575Triple 8k Axles ........................................................... $24,975
2013 Exiss Gooseneck Livestock Trailer
7’ x 20’ 1 Gate w/Slider, 2 Compartments ..................... $13,6757’ x 24’ 1 Gate, 2 Compartments ................................... $14,9757’ x 24’ 1 Gate w/Slider, 2 Compartments ..................... $15,2757’ x 24’ 2 Gates, 3 Compartments ................................. $15,2757’ x 24’ 2 Gates w/Sliders, 3 Compartments ................. $15,975
Cargo Trailers
Standard Features 5’, 6’ & 7’ Wide Models • Radius Front/Round Top with TOP Cap (Black, White or Red) • .080 Aluminum Top Wrap • One-Piece Aluminum Roof • .030 Prefi nished Aluminum Exterior • 24” ATP Stoneguard • Pass- Thru Style Side Door w/Flush Lock & Dead Bolts (6’& 7’ wide models only) • 12v Dome Lights (2) with Wall Switch • LED Oval Tail Lights • 16” OC Vertical Posts • 24” OC Roof Bows • 24” OC Floor Crossmembers • Fold-Down Rear Stabilizer Jacks • Entire Chassis Undercoated • Spring Suspension (4” Drop) W/ E-Z Lube Hubs • Breakaway Kit (Tandem models only) • 15” Radial Tires with White Spoke Wheels • Smooth Aluminum Fenders: Jeep Style (Single Axle) Flare Style (Tandem Axles) • Sidewall Liner: 5.2 mm Lauan (single Axle) 3/8” Plywood (Tandem Axles) • 3/4” Plywood Decking (Exterior Moisture Barrier Applied) • SureWire: Improved wire connections & secure routing • 3-Year Limited Warranty
4’x6’ .......................................................... $2,4755’x8’ .......................................................... $2,9756’x10’ ........................................................ $3,4756’x12’ ........................................................ $3,9756’x14’ ........................................................ $4,2757’x16’ ........................................................ $5,795
• 6’ Long V-Nose • Front and Rear Ramp Doors with Spring Assist & Bar Lock • Ski Guide • Beavertail (18’& 20’ models:32”, All other models: 48”) • 32”W Side Door with Flush Lock & Dead Bolt • Fold Out Steel Step (8.5’ wide models only) • 12v Dome Light (1) • 3-Piece A-Frame • 24” Starbright Stoneguard • Top Wind Tongue Jack (2000 lb) with Sand Pad • Safety Chains & Breakaway Kit • Spring Axles • Electric Drum Brakes • Aluminum Fenders (7’ wide model only) • Radial Tires & White Spoke Wheels • One-Piece Aluminum Roof • .030 Prefi nished Aluminum Exterior Skiing • LED Tail Lights and Clearance Lights • 24” OC Floor Crossmembers • 16” OC Vertical Hat Posts and Hat Section Roof Bows • 3.6mm Lauan Interior Sidewall Liner • 2”x6” Tube Frame • 7-Way 12v End Connector • 1000 lb. Recessed Floor Mounted Tie-Downs • SureWire 12v Wiring Method • 3 Year Limited Warranty7’x24’ ........................................................ $8,475
• Tubular Steel Main Rails • Skid Pads • 16” OC Full-Height Floor Crossmembers • Recessed 5000lb. D-Rings With Backing Plate (4) • 3/4” Plywood Floor with Moisture Barrier Applied • Torfl ex Rubber Torsion Wide Track Axles • EZ Lube Hubs • Radial Tires • Electric Brakes with Breakaway Kit • Polished Aluminum Corner Castings (Front & Rear) • One- Piece Seamless Aluminum Roof • .030 Prefi nished Aluminum Skiing (8standard colors) • 96” W Rear Ramp Door • 16” Plywood Ramp Extension • 36”W Pass-Thru Side Entry Door with Flush Lock & Dead Bolt8.5’x20’ .................................................... $6,6758.5’x24’ .................................................... $6,975
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Half Circle Calving Station
10’ wide x 8’ long half circle calving station, heavy duty one piece construction, self catch head gate, split gates both sides for full access, 5’ swing gate at rear, removable posts at rear allow for locking of crowd gates enabling use for basic chuteSpecial $3,375
2012 Arrow Farmquip Hydraulic
Squeeze Chute
Deluxe Hydraulic Squeeze Chute with Vet Cage, Unique cradle design squeeze, Independent top and bottom body squeeze, Wide vet door access both sides, Side exit and bottom door access both sides, full opening front and rear head gates -30” clearance, Hydraulic head sweep neck bender, NEW Hydraulic lift jacks for simple and fast chute transportation.
Special $18,225
2012 Arrow Farmquip Portable Tub, Alley, Chute
Deluxe Portable 16’ X-fl ow Tub, Alley & Quick -Catch Squeeze Chute, Includes Q-Catch squeeze chute with full parallel squeeze, Adjust rear control on head gate, Anti-backing system, Offside alley adjustment standard, Rolling door at each end of alley, Adjustable rear control on head gate, Manual head sweep, Weigh scale ready, Adjustable alley 17” - 30”
Special $11,775
2012 Arrow Farmquip 300 Quick-Catch
Portable Chute
300 Series Deluxe Portable Q-Catch Vet Squeeze Chute, Heavy duty rolling door at rear, Adjustable neck extenders, Double side exit, Full parallel squeeze, Anti backing system, Low noise rump fi ngers, Rubber neck yokes, Brisket door, Adjustable rear control on head gate, 3 removable inspection gates on both sides
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2012 Arrow Farmquip Self Catch Squeeze
Chute
Deluxe Self Catch Vet Squeeze Chute, Heavy duty self-catch head gate, Heavy duty rolling door at rear, Low noise rump fi ngers, Integral vet cage, 3 removable inspection gates each side, Full parallel squeeze, Formed 10 gauge checker plate fl oor, Double side exit
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R00
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Goldies Auto & Tailer Sales is the #1 Sooner and
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#1 selling aluminum trailer in South Dakota! - All New Sooner & Exiss Trailers Come With Rear Gate Slam Latch -
2013 EXISS 74104 HORSE
Special Price $38,475Stock #59355
Slant With Full Living Quarters, Walk Through Door From Living
Quarters To Horse Area, Stall Divid-ers With Stud Gate On Front Divider.
Aluminum Wheels, Hay Rack, 6 Cu. Ft. Refrigerator, , Bathroom
Features 24” X 36” Shower With Glass Door, Plastic Foot Flush Toilet, Water Heater, 16, 000 Btu Ducted Furnace, A/C 13,500 Btu Lifetime Rubber Floor Mat In Horse Area, 3 Year Hitch To Bumper Limited War-ranty & 10 Year Structural Warranty We Deliver With In A 1000 Mile Area
2013 EXISS 74004 HORSE CUSTOM
Special Price $24,975Stock #58818
13, 500 Btu Air Conditioner With Heat Strip, 6’ Short Wall, Carpeted Dressing Room, Camper Door With Sliding Window And Screen Door, Boot Box, Life Time Rubber Floor
Mat In Horse Area, Slant Stall Dividers With Pads, Fold Up Rear Tack, 4 Horse Removable Saddle Rack, Street Drop Feed Windows
With Drop Down Bars, Side Access Door, 16” Aluminum Wheels, 3
Year Limited / 10 Year Structural Warranty!
2013 Sooner 8413 Living Quarters 4 Horse SlantSpecial Price $67,700
Stock #59223With Full Living Quarters, 12’ 6” Short Wall ,Mangers With Breast Pads And
Storage Area Below, Walk Through Door From Living Quarters To Horse Area,
Hay Rack With Ladder Kitchen Features , 6 Cu. Ft. Refrigerator, Bathroom
Features 24” X 36” Shower With Glass Door, White Porcelain Foot Flush Toilet,
Water Heater, 16, 000 Btu Ducted Furnace, A/C 13,500 Btu, Lifetime
Rubber Floor Mat In Horse Area 3 Year Hitch To Bumper Limited Warranty &
10 Year Structural Warranty We Deliver With In A 1000 Mile Area
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18 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
Weaning calves early may or may not be an advantage. Beef producers need to weigh their options every year in light of feed resources, market conditions and circumstances of their own operation.
Among the elements to consider is the age of weaning, resources neces-sary to manage early weaned calves, effect of early weaning on the cows and performance of the early-weaned calves.
“With the current drought con-ditions, early weaning may allow some producers to free up pasture resources,” Rick Rasby, University
of Nebraska Beef Specialist, says. “You don’t want to damage pas-tures. That’s a tremendous resource. For every 2.5 days a calf is weaned, there’s about one more day of grazing for the cow. Just make sure that you have the resources you need to man-age those calves once you take them off the cow.”
In addition to feed resources, calves need to feed at bunks that aren’t so high they can’t reach the feed. They also need accessible water-ers and should receive all appropriate vaccinations in a timely manner.
“Rumen maturity isn’t a big issue with early weaned calves,” Rasby said. “They’ll start grazing when they’re pretty young and that rumen begins to adjust to forage. The major-ity of calves are weaned between 180 and 220 days of age. Early weaning would move that back to 90 days. You can wean at 45 to 50 days, but that’s pretty young.”
The rumen of a newborn calf lacks the symbiotic microbial population that enables adult cattle to process forage fiber through fermentative di-gestion. Once solid food consumption begins, rumen development proceeds
How early is too early
By loReTTa soRensen
considerations when weaning calves early
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 19
rapidly. Research has demonstrated that spring-born calves consume significant amounts of native range for-age at 45 days of age.
“Research has shown that weaning calves as early as 45 days of age encourages cows to cycle and rebreed,” Rasby said. “Weaning that early is a ‘last resort’ management strategy when cows are thin prior to the start of breeding season. Waiting till calves are between 3 and 5 months old is too late to cause thin cows to cycle early. However, if the early weaning is intended to spare pasture feed resources, it can be an advantage.”
Calves will adapt quickly to a carefully developed ra-tion plan and environment. Those that begin eating dry feed immediately after being separated from their dam have fewer incidences of morbidity and mortality than calves that don’t eat for 24 to 48 hours after separation.
“Consider offering a creep feed three to four weeks prior to weaning, it will help calves adjust to eating processed feeds, making the wean-ing transition period less stressful,” Rasby suggested. “Commercial creep feeds, byproducts such as wheat mid-dlings, barley, distillers grains, gluten feed, soyhulls or whole oats all make excellent creep feeds.”
Non-lactating cows will consume less feed. The National Research Council (NRC, 2000) estimates dry matter (DM) intake of a 1,200-pound beef cow, at peak milk production, av-erages about 28 pounds DM per day. The same animal, without producing milk, is estimated to consume about 24 pounds DM per day. Based on these averages, the savings in range forage could average 4.0 pounds per day or 124 pounds of forage dry mat-ter per month.
If calves are to remain on pasture during the first phase of weaning, fence-line weaning is an option. Electric fence-line should be adequate to allow cows and calves simultaneous nose-to-nose positioning across the fence.
“With the fence-line technique, consider placing a doc-ile, unrelated cow in the pasture with the weaned calves,” Rasby said. “That animal acts as a companion and teacher, showing calves where water and feed are located and how to use those resources. If the goal is to have calves remain on pasture with supplement, begin supplementation about two weeks before weaning and dams will teach calves to eat the supplement.”
Early weaned calves can be grown for two to three weeks and then placed on a “fast track” program. At that age, the calves are very efficient at converting grain to gain.
“It takes an average of 5.2 pounds of feed for each pound of gain at this stage,” Rasby said. “Calves on this type of program also have potential for a high proportion of grade USDA average choice or better because starch in a young calf’s diet allows it to develop the fat cells that lead to greater amounts of marbling.
“Because calves on this type of program have greater propensity to grade choice average or greater, produc-ers should consider marketing the animals into a pro-gram that offers premiums for high-quality carcasses,” Rasby said.
Depending on the weight of the calf, the starter ration should be fed until calves are consuming between 4 and 5 pounds (1 to 1.5% of body weight) per animal per day. The process generally takes 10 to 14 days. Starter diets are energy-dense, relatively rich in crude protein and highly palatable.
“The feed needs to be dust-free and particle size of the ingredients needs to be similar so calves can’t sort the ration compo-nents,” Rasby says. “Corn, milo, bar-ley, distillers grains, gluten feed and soybean or cottonseed meal are typi-cal ration ingredients. Avoid using poor quality forage because it doesn’t have the nutrients the calves need. Two weeks after weaning, calves should eat about 2.2 to 2.5 percent of their body weight on a dry matter basis.”
Some disadvantages of early weaning include the requirement for excellent calf nutrition and manage-ment, which typically involves some extra labor. If cows have above av-erage milk output, that resource is not utilized. Information about dam performance in regard to production records also becomes of limited use.
“Most studies of early weaning have concluded that ownership of early weaned calves needs to be retained for some period of time after weaning to generate enough revenue to increase the profit potential of the cow-calf operation,” Rasby explained. “Since the young calves are more efficient at converting grain to gain than older calves, that’s added incentive to retain ownership.
“Many ranchers believe early weaned calves won’t gain as well as calves weaned at a more conventional age,” Rasby added. “However, that belief is erroneous. If diets are well-designed using the concepts outlined here, early weaned calves will achieve daily gain equal or greater to calves that remain on dams for a longer period of time.”
Additional information about early weaning calves is available at http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/pages/publicationD.jsp?publicationId=1388.
“Rumen maturity isn’t a big issue …
[t ]hey’ l l start grazing when they’re
pretty young and that rumen begins to
adjust to forage.”
Rick Rasby UNL Beef Special ist
20 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 21
22 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
SeptiCemia
ph
oto
by
Ca
rr
ie S
tad
heim
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 23
S
in Calves
Septicemia is a systemic infection in which bacteria and their toxins get into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. Some types of toxin-forming bacteria gain entrance to the body via the GI tract, after damaging the gut lining and slip-ping through it, causing very rapid death. The calf goes into shock when internal organs are damaged and start shutting down. Any blood-borne in-fection may become life-threatening if the bacteria or their toxins damage vital organs. In some instances the in-fection may localize, creating internal
abscesses, or may settle in the joints – causing a painful arthritis (“joint ill”).
Dr. Austin Hinds (food animal medicine and surgery specialist at the Caine Center, University of Idaho, Caldwell) says the most common reason calves develop septicemia is inability to fight the pathogen – and this is often due to poor colostrum. “If the calf was born early and the dam hasn’t bagged up yet (and has no co-lostrum) or for some reason the calf didn’t receive colostrum, he is at risk. For instance a cow might have twins and abandon one of them. Sometimes the cow will give birth to the first one, get up and walk away, lie down and have the second one. She may forget the first one and he doesn’t get co-lostrum. Heifers may not have good quality colostrum and/or not much of it. Some heifers may not have good mothering instincts so the calf is slow to nurse,” Hinds said. High risk calves also include calves that had a difficult birth or were delivered by C-section.
“When a calf is born he has an-tibodies, so he gets these from his mother’s colostrum. When a calf is born his intestine is set up to absorb these large antibodies (IgG) for a short time. This is his source of immunity until his own immune system kicks in,” Hinds explained.
This protection is appropriate, based on what the cow has come into contact with in her environment, and the immunities she has developed. If a calf didn’t get this protection, how-ever, any kind of insult may result in a systemic infection because his body is unable to fight it.
Any animal or human can develop septicemia at any time during life due to a significant infection – from an in-fected wound or some other source such as a severe intestinal infection – or if the immune system becomes compromised for some reason. Inade-
By heaTheR smiTh Thomas
“The most common cause of septicemia
is navel ill in the newborn calf. Infection
from the umbilicus gets into the blood stream and travels to other tissues.”
Dr. Austin Hinds, Food Animal Medicine and Surgery Specialist,
University of Idaho
24 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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quate or poor colostrum can generally be blamed for putting a calf at risk.
“The most common cause of septi-cemia is navel ill in the newborn calf. Infection from the umbilicus gets into the blood stream and travels to other tissues. A healthy calf that had good colostrum may still get an infected umbilicus but will generally wall it off as a local abscess and is not as likely to get septicemia,” he explained.
Navel infections occur less fre-quently in calves that have adequate immunity from colostrum, but if they are born in a dirty environment they could still get a navel infection and possible septicemia in spite of good passive transfer.
Bacterial infection may enter the body through various routes. It only becomes septicemia if the blood picks it up and takes it everywhere. A com-mon location for blood-borne infection to localize is in the joints. “There is a lot of vasculature at the joints, and this is also a noticeable location because
a sceptic calf may be unable to get up, with signs of shock including pale (or dark or red) gums cold feet and/or cold ears.courtesy photo heather smith Thomas
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 25
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the joints swell and become painful and the calf is lame,” he said.
Septicemia may develop from any other serious type of infection such as pneumonia or an intestinal infection. Any type of scours, viral or bacterial, can result in damage to the intestinal lining that may allow bacteria like E. coli or Salmonella to invade the tissues or allow absorption of bacterial toxins into the bloodstream, resulting in sep-ticemia.
In the very young calf, diarrhea is generally caused by E. coli. If that bacterium crosses the GI tract into the bloodstream and the calf has no im-munity to fight it, that calf will become septic and very hard to save without early and diligent treatment.
“Calves can get meningitis from septicemia. Nearly any organ can be adversely affected, once the infection gets into the blood,” Hinds said. The traditional term was blood poisoning.
Some calves can be saved with timely antibiotic treatment and ade-quate fluids. This may mean IVs if the calf isn’t taking in fluids or is going into shock – since oral fluids can’t be absorbed as well once the calf is in shock and the gut is shutting down.
“It is important to maintain fluid levels and body temperature. If the calf starts going into shock he will become cold, very quickly. If a calf comes into our referral hospital and I think he’s septic, I’ll run some blood tests to see if he has adequate antibodies (from co-lostrum). If the calf does not, I tell the owner that the chances for this calf are poor. If the calf is septic but has IgG in the bloodstream from colostrum, it has a better chance and it’s definitely worth a try at treatment,” Hinds said.
“If we measure total protein in the blood of a healthy young calf (two or three days old) we would expect it to be high if it got good colostrum. This blood test would give us an idea. If a calf has low protein levels and is sep-tic, we may be fighting a losing battle. If the calf is really dehydrated, how-
Dr. austin hinds said the most common reason calves develop septicemia is inability to fight the pathogen, which can often be blamed on poor or inadequate colostrum.
courtesy photo heather smith Thomas
26 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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ever, this test may not be a good indication because the protein will be more concentrated,” he said.
If the veterinarian thinks there is a chance to save the calf, antibiotics would be given. The best type of antibi-otic would depend on the situation and cause of infection, and the stage of disease. Ranchers should be working with their veterinarian because almost all of the antibiotics that would be useful are prescription drugs. Fluid therapy is also important, and the stage of disease will determine whether it could be given orally, under the skin or IV. “Your veterinarian could determine this,” Hinds said.
Septicemia in older calves (not newborn) may be due to things like Salmonella in the gut, or some other toxic gut infection like Clostridia. If these get into the bloodstream it becomes a serious emergency and the calf will require intensive therapy and care.
signs and symptoms to watch forAccording to Dr. Hinds, a calf with septicemia will be
weak and dehydrated. It may or may not have a fever. In the later stages the calf’s temperature will drop and be-come subnormal as it goes into shock. It may be unable to get up, with signs of shock – pale gums (or dark or red, rather than normal pink) cold feet, cold ears. The circu-latory system is failing. The heart may be beating really fast, trying to get blood to vital organs as everything starts shutting down. “If the calf is young and sick, and maybe has swollen joints, you might also check the navel for signs of infection such as swelling, heat, a thick umbilicus, or pus discharge,” Hinds said.
(right) if the veterinarian believes there is a chance to save the calf, they may hook it up to an iv.
courtesy photo heather smith Thomas
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 27
Outtagrass Cattle Companyby Jan Swan Wood
© 2013
28 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 29
30 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
Branding Memories
These calves of varied ethnicities are curious about one another and after a short time, several of them strike up a conversation. They talk about where they’ve been before this, which cow is their mother, and finally, they start comparing their brands and suchlike.
The black heifer Polly says, “I didn’t know what was happening, but at daybreak one morning, we were all gathered and driven to what Mom said were corrals. I stayed close by Mom because it was really noisy and I was afraid I’d lose her in the crowd if I didn’t.”
The Charolais-cross steer calf, Charlie, agreed with Polly, “It was really scary. I lost my mom for a little while and wanted to run back to where I nursed that morning but those cowboy things wouldn’t let me. One of them put that rope thing around my neck and one front leg and made me go into the corrals. It made me mad, but I couldn’t do anything about it. When I’m big they won’t do that to me.”
Homer, the husky Hereford bull calf spoke up then and said that their herd was gathered with those noisy, smelly machines and they
Somewhere on a distant plain, four pastures come together, with each belonging to a different ranch. In the corners of the pastures are calves of several breeds eyeing one another through the fences. One pasture has calves that are all black, the second pasture has Charolais-cross calves, the third Herefords, and the fourth cross-bred calves with a some Brahman in them.
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 31
By Jan swan wooDof Four Calvestrotted them until his tongue was hanging out. “Mother had never made me trot that far before so I got really tired and slobbers came out of my mouth like this,” he demonstrated.
The long-eared, brindle heifer calf Suzette said, “My Mama and I were out in the sage and brush along the river when those cowboy things made us go the way they pointed. I wanted to go hide in the brush with Mama but we couldn’t.”
“After they had us in the corral, they sorted my Mom and most of the other moms off and left all of us in the corral alone. My Mom kept calling to me from the other side of the fence but I couldn’t get to her,” said Polly.
Charlie added, “They did the same thing to us too. I ran at the fence and stuck my head through and pushed but I couldn’t get through. I moved it though and it made all those cowboy things run over and grab it.
When I’m big I’ll just jump right over that fence and that’ll show ‘em.”
With big eyes, Homer told how he was also separated from his Mother. “I don’t know where they put Mother after that. We were all crammed in a little pen together and it was really hot in there after all that trotting.”
Suzette told the others “Those cowboys took us out on the flat above the river where the sagebrush wasn’t as thick and held us there until everyone quit moving around. I was so tired and scared that I laid down right by Mama’s feet and rested a bit.”
“I remember hearing a roaring noise and a bunch of those cowboy things started gathering together and messing with something in the back of one of those big machine things. Next thing I know, one of those cowboy things that was still on Horse had come into the pen with us and that rope thing was suddenly around
32 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
my hind feet. I jumped and kicked but couldn’t get away and then I was being dragged on my belly out of the bunch. I saw my cousin being dragged the same way.” Polly continued, “Then the cowboy things grabbed me and tipped me over on my side and one of them sat on my head while the other one held my feet. I tried to get up but they wouldn’t let me. I was scared so I hollered for Mom but she wasn’t there.”
The other calves leaned closer and asked her what happened next. “There were some sharp things poking me in the neck and then there was a hot thing on my side that burned like the dickens for just a moment. It all happened so fast that it was over before I could hardly beller. When they turned me loose I was able to run out to where Mom was and she licked me and sniffed the place on my side. See it? It’s still there. Mom has something just like it on her and she says she got hers the same way.”
“Well, I showed them a thing or two,” said Charlie. “When that rope thing caught me it was up around my flanks at first so I jumped and bucked and ran around Horse really fast and then Horse jumped and bucked too. The cowboy hollered something at me and then Horse took off toward that fire thing that was on the ground and quit bucking. I was dragged on my side
toward a cowboy and suddenly my head was snared in something that was there on the ground and Horse kept holding my hind feet with that rope thing.”
“I was pretty mad but I couldn’t move away from them when they came with the sharp things and poked my neck. One of them made my ear hurt when they poked something in it. I felt the hot thing on my hip and then they rolled me onto my back a little and you wouldn’t believe what they did then...”
The other calves stepped forward in anticipation, anxiety in their faces. “The cowboy grabbed my unmentionables and cut the end off of it and took my tertic...my terstab...no, I can’t remember what Ma called them. But they pulled them OUT and cut them off!” The calves all stepped back, gasping with alarm. “They let me loose then but I kicked two of them when I
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 33
went by. When I’m big they won’t do that to me ever again.”
Homer was bug-eyed when he told his story, still breathless from what Charlie had told them. “We were all pushed and prodded until we went down this narrow place. We were crammed in there and it was really uncomfortable. Then when I got to the end of it, a human pushed me from behind and then I was caught in a monster thing that held my head, squeezed my breath out and then tipped me over on my side. I thought it was going to break my bones and I got dizzy. Then I felt the hot thing on me and it hurt really bad for a little bit. Then they grabbed my ear and squished it with something and then put some dark colored stuff on it that stung. They poked me with the sharp things in my neck too.”
“What about your tertic... umm testib... you know, your things. Didn’t they take them?” asked Charlie.
“No, they felt them and one of those people things said that I was such a ‘soggy boy’ that they’d leave me a bull. I didn’t even know I had those things but I’m sure glad they didn’t take them like yours.”
Suzette had been listening intently, her long ears flicking forward and back with agitation. “Well, they had one of those fire things near where they held us, then the cowboys on Horse came in among us really slow and before I could duck under Mama, one of those rope things went around my neck. I jumped and bellered really loud, but couldn’t get away. Then another cowboy on Horse followed me until I was away from the bunch and then put the rope thing around my hind legs and I fell down on my side. Mama came after me trying to hook Horse, but another cowboy on Horse drove her back into the bunch and kept her there. I was really mad but I couldn’t do anything about it. One of the cowboy things kneeled on my neck and put the rope thing that had been around my
neck around my front feet, but I still couldn’t get away.” Suzette stomped her feet with the indignation of the deal, “with Horses holding me down, they put the burning thing on my hip and another on my shoulder. One of those awful cowboy things cut a little piece of my ear off and another one poked my neck with the sharp things. I’ve never been so mad!”
“What did you do then?” asked Polly. “When they turned me loose, I ran right
toward those cowboys and I knocked a couple of them down. I tipped a couple of things over and scattered the fire thing too. I was so mad. Some of them laughed at me though and chased me back toward Mama. She was real proud of me and said I was a tough little cow.”
The calves studied one another’s brands. The bright purple stain in Homer’s ear drew some comments and the scabbed earmark on Suzette drew some ire from all of them. The sore spot between Charlie’s hind legs was quietly commented on but everyone was too embarrassed to actually look at it, though Homer tried to look at his own.
The mothers of the four calves approached, signaling it was time to end their visit as it was time to head for water. The calves told their mothers all about their discussion. The mothers listened and then Polly’s mother told them, “All this seems pretty awful when it happens, but let me tell you something about the humans and the cowboys. They will also feed you when you’re hungry, provide water, protect you and will risk their lives to take care of you when the weather is bad.”
Suzette’s mother added, “Even we can’t do everything for you like they do. We won’t always be here, but they will.” The other two cows nodded in agreement.
With that, the cows and their calves all took off in different directions. And the four calves were left with a lot to think about.
34 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 37
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38 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
unknownuntestedunsafeunregulatedunnecessary
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 39
“I think that educating the con-sumer and the public is the main bar-rier to getting more technology, and better biotechnology, into the hands of farmers,” began American Farm Bureau Federation (AFBF) Regulatory Relations Director Kevin Richards in his presentation at the AFBF Na-tional Young Farmers and Ranchers Conference in Phoenix, AZ, in early February.
“Today I want to equip you with the facts to dispel myths and miscon-ceptions, and help you become ac-tive, vocal advocates for the tools that most farmers in the U.S. are either de-pendent on now, or anxious for in the future,” he continued.
Richards explained that biotech myths and misconceptions generally fall into five basic categories: Un-
known, untested, unsafe, unregulated and unnecessary. He provided in-sight into each area, and information on how to effectively respond when communicating with consumers or others on the subject of biotechnology in farming, GMOs (Genetically Modi-fied Organisms) or where their food comes from in general.
unknown“The first claim is typically that
we are messing with nature in ways we don’t understand, and that is simply not true. Biotechnology is not new or novel. Modern corn’s ances-tor, teosinte, was domesticated by Native Americans in Central Amer-ica over 6,000 years ago. Over time, they selectively chose about 1,200 genes to improve it and give it traits we now recognize in corn. Genetic
modification is anything but new, and biotechnology is simply the lat-est progression in steady progress toward improving plants for human use,” stated Richards on the fact that genetically selecting and improving crops, and animals, has been occur-ring for centuries.
He added that since domestication, every animal and crop we raise in the world has been genetically modified, whether through traditional planting and breeding practices, or through the use of technology, and GMOs.
“We just need to better define what GMO means. It is an organ-ism whose genetic material has been altered. Then we have recombinant DNA, which is a genetic sequence that results from the use of laboratory methods to bring together genetic
DispellingBiotechnology
Myths telling the publiC What gmoS are all about
By heaTheR hamilTon
40 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 41
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material from multiple sources, cre-ating sequences that would other-wise not be found. Transgenesis is the transferring of genetic material from another species,” noted Rich-ards.
However, while the terms may be modern, the idea behind them is any-thing but.
“To claim this is unknown and not understood is a bit funny and ironic with conventional breeding from Bi-ology 101 teaching us that when you have a wild cultivator, and a wild relative, you combine and crossbreed them to get the cultivator you aim for. Whereas, transgensis is targeting just a single, beneficial gene you want to incorporate, and putting it exactly where you want it so you can predict exactly what you will get. It is simply a more precise and beneficial method to genetically modify,” continued Richards.
untestedThe idea that the impact of bio-
tech crops on humans, livestock and the environment is untested was the second myth Richards covered, not-ing that the increased precision lab methods offer in genetically modi-fying crops results in them being much easier to conduct tests on. He added that today’s GMOs are the most well tested, and rapidly ad-opted, in history.
“We often talk about the regula-tory process for testing and making sure that anything biotech related is safe for humans and livestock. The fact is that modern biotechnology is the most rapidly adopted crop tech-nology in history. Ninety percent of all soy, corn and cotton in the U.S. are genetically modified, and we es-timate that because of that figure, 70 to 80-plus percent of all food products on store shelves have ingredients de-
rived from modern biotechnology. There have been no cases of any human or animal negative impacts – no health or safety cases have been verified or even identified from mod-ern biotechnology, and we are liter-ally talking hundreds of millions, possibly billions or trillions of meals being eaten every day,” commented Richards on the test consumers have participated in themselves since mod-ern biotechnology was introduced 15 years ago.
Farmers have done their own test-ing as well, and in 2011, 16.7 mil-lion farmers grew biotech crops on roughly 400 million acres of land. In other countries similar rapid adop-tion rates are also being seen today, with no issues related from producers or consumers.
42 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
unsafe“The next claim is that biotech is
unsafe and poses risks for consumers. The fact is that there is an overwhelm-ing consensus among the health and science community that modern techniques for genetically modifying organisms are as safe, and in some cases safer, than conventional modi-fications,” stated Richards.
Among the organizations that back that statement are the American Med-ical Association, the Food and Drug Administration, the World Health Or-ganization and the National Academy of Sciences. Not only do they all agree that it’s safe, but have also stated that there is not a scientific bases for why it would be unsafe.
“The precautionary principal is another aspect used, and it says that you need to prove the absence of any
negative impact or risk, which simply isn’t possible, logically. I can’t prove that the sun isn’t going to rise tomor-row. I’m pretty confident it will, but I can’t prove it.
“You can also apply that principal to another product, like cell phones. We don’t know that there are no health or safety risks associated with cell phones, but, there is no scientific basis for why there would be a risk. The benefits of the cell phone are great enough that we all like to use them. It becomes really absurd to take such a mindset when you apply it to another product,” added Richards on how to address the idea that there must be absolute proof on the topic of safety.
unregulatedThe statement that there is no, or
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TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 43
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44 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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GMOs is another common statement. Richards noted that not only are they regulated, but because of the confi-dence in GMOs, and ability to regu-late them in a lab setting, the industry went beyond what regulations were justified based on the risk associated with GMOs.
“In the U.S. we have a coordinated framework for the regulation of bio-technology. In the 1980s, regulators, scientists and the federal government decided that rather than drafting whole new statutes and regulations starting from scratch to regulate bio-technology, that they would use exist-ing agencies and statutory capacity. In the 1980s there was a very robust debate on not only how to regulate biotechnology, but if we should even regulate it,” noted Richards of the be-ginning of biotech regulation by the USDA-APHIS (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health In-spection Service), EPA (Environmen-tal Protection Agency) and the FDA (Food and Drug Administration).
USDA APHIS is responsible for protecting agriculture and environ-ment from pests, disease and weeds. The EPA regulates the safety of pesti-cides, and the FDA ensures truth and accuracy in labeling. This three-prong approach to regulating works well where the actual GMO is concerned, and ensures it is regulated from mul-tiple angles.
However, the regulatory process has struggled in recent years to main-
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“This is due to the misconceptions and activist groups who don’t take into account everything, regardless of the scientific basis and risk of specific issues,” explained Richards, adding this is one key example of how mis-conceptions add time and problems to the process of raising biotech foods.
46 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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and biotech in general hasn’t lived up to its promise, and the supposed ben-efits have been elusive was Richards’ fifth area of discussion, and in his mind the most ridiculous claim.
“I think it’s funny that 90 percent of growers of corn, cotton and soy are considered too stupid to realize that a more expensive seed has no benefit. It certainly benefits them, and the rapid adoption of biotech speaks for itself,” began Richards,
He continued, noting that among the benefits is the facilitation of con-servation tillage, or no-till, which has increased nearly 25 percent in the U.S.
since 1996, and which benefits the en-vironment through improving soil conservation and water quality.
“The herbicide tolerance of bio-tech crops makes it much easier to do weed control, not just in the im-mediate crop, but also in cleaning up the soils and getting rid of weeds for subsequent crops. In the U.S., biotech-nology is associated with 75 percent less active ingredient per corn acre, and pesticide use in cotton has fallen over 60 percent.” noted Richards of another benefit.
The shift toward lower toxic-ity and relatively environmentally benign herbicides combined with fewer passes over the field to apply
chemicals and till the soil also means the farming industry is reducing its emission intensity by the same amount as removing 6.5 million cars annually from American roads.
“If you find people don’t want to hear this message from you, I always encourage them to look up Norman Borlauf, who won the Nobel Peace Prize and was a biotech expert. He is credited with saving millions from starvation, and 40 years ago began the “green revolution,” explained Rich-ards, providing a quote from Borlauf that stated: “Plant biotechnology is helping meet a growing demand for food production while preserving our environment for future generations.”
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 47
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48 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
Cover CropsCould Improve
Soil HealthBy amanDa RaDke
Maintaining the vitality of the soil has always been an important factor in profitability for crop producers and range managers; however, it be-
comes increasingly important during a drought. Couple that with the added pressure being placed on America’s farmers and ranchers to produce more food to provide for a growing planet expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, and suddenly, the health of the soil is more important now than ever before.
In a new campaign fitted for the challenging times ahead, USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is working to educate land owners on how best to manage their soil. The campaign is called, “Unlock The Secrets Of the Soil.”
“For the entire history of NRCS, we have always fo-cused on the soil,” said Jeff Zimprich, NRCS state con-servationist based out of Huron, SD. “We owe so much of what we can do in agriculture – producing food and fiber – to just a few inches of soil. We need to get back to
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 49
Using a cover crop mix of brassicas like turnips and radishes offers extra grazing opportunities for livestock.
cover crops help prevent soil erosion and help reduce soil compaction.
all Photos courtesy of nRcs
the message of soil health and quality and how we can improve it.”
Zimprich explained that there are three key things land owners can do to improve the soil: crop rotation, no-till farming and cover crops.
“On crop ground, crop rotation on a no-till planting system is best,” he said. “Adopting a no-till system is the fastest and most effective way we can improve soil health. The third option to improve soil health is the use of cover crops.”
Although cover crops are typically planted in mid-summer to early fall, it’s time to start planning now.
“When it comes to cover crops, it’s important to know your objectives,” added Jason Miller, NRCS conserva-tion agronomist. “Whether it’s to aer-ate the soil, so you can receive more moisture or growing extra forage for livestock – the mix you choose can help you reach those goals. Planting a cover crop mix right into the stubble of wheat, for example, protects the top soil. This helps achieve the three keys to soil health – crop rotation, no-till and cover crops.”
There are many benefits for con-sidering cover crops. They help re-store soil health by increasing organic matter in the soil. They offer natural resource protection because the crop residue provides a protective cover over the soil, as well as traps excess nitrogen to be released later to feed growing crops. They reduce soil com-paction and help prevent soil erosion. In fact, according to authors Keith Baldwin and Nancy Creamer with the Center for Environmental Farm-ing Systems, cover crops can reduce soil erosion by 62 percent compared to bare soils.
Cover crops can also provide feed for livestock as additional grazing and haying opportunities, as well as a wildlife habitat during the winter months.
50 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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(left) cover crops can thrive when
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(right) “when it comes to cover
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“Typically, cover crops will be planted in late summer shortly after harvest,” explained Miller. “Mixes can include things like rye, wheat, rape, oats, clovers, turnips, radishes and triticale. Some producers plant field peas in the spring and by mid-summer, they have the opportunity to plant a second mix that can do quite well. Other producers prefer to plant wheat and then follow up with a cover crop mix. The growing window is pretty tight, but if you can get them in there, it will provide forage for live-stock and great benefits for the soil.”
Yet, a cover crop will only thrive if there is rain. In this drought, some are worried about getting one crop har-vest, much less an extra cover crop.
“We don’t have a crystal ball to know what Mother Nature is going to do; we are all hoping for rain,” said Miller. “Remember that a really good soil will only hold 11 inches of plant available water, so managing your soil to get the most moisture out of it onto your field is critical.”
Whether it’s identifying the correct cover crop mix for a particular field or getting answers for common ques-tions, NRCS field officers are available to assist the farmer or rancher, with advice for both managing a field and improving a grazing system.
“I encourage folks to stop in and visit with their local NRCS office,” said Zimprich. “Let the service center know that you are interested in im-proving your soil health, and they can help you evaluate your situation. The field office has a ton of resources avail-able. Also, keep an eye out for field days and tours. There are great learn-ing opportunities at these sessions. Learn as much as you can to improve your soil health; it will pay off in the long run.”
For more information on managing the soil, check out http://www.sd.nrcs.usda.gov/.
Read us online at www.tsln.com
suther Farms no-till field in westmoreland, ks, with corn stalk stubble, soy bean stubble, and new wheat crop growing. Photo by susanne kufahl
couple inches into the top soil of mike odegard's field with organic matter and new growth. Photo by holly Thomas
mike odegard holding handful of failed pea crop mixed with oats, utilized for livestock feed. Photo by holly Thomas
mike odegard kneeling on one of his newly converted no-till fields with last year’s pea crop stubble. Photo by holly Thomas
Ron suther showing old stubble and new growth in his no-till field. This kind of structure in his top soil helps reduce erosion and preserve moisture. Photo by susanne kufahl
No-Till
52 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
By holly Thomas
Something new is popping up in no-till fields across America. Not nec-essarily a new crop or new hybrid, but familiar crops that have not been planted for some time. These crops are being utilized in a new way. Fields that used to be left fallow for a period of time are now thriving. Today’s hot phrase in no-till farming is “cover crops” and farmers across America are jumping on the band wagon.
Before cover crops, the hot ques-tion on many crop producers’ minds used to be, “Why no-till?” Research has proven the many agricultural and environmental benefits of no-till (or zero tillage) farming; so, the new question more and more people have been asking is, “Why not no-till?”
Kansas farmer, Ron Suther of Westmoreland, KS, became interested in no-till farming while he was study-ing agriculture at Kansas State Uni-
versity in the mid 1970s. At that time, he brought home the “no till” idea to his father and together, they decided to give it a try on a few fields. After several years, the Suthers liked what they saw and by the late ‘90s, were convinced no-till was the way to go.
“A lot of people around here thought I was nuts,” said Suther. “They thought my fields looked like hell. They were used to nice black fields, and this didn’t look like that at all.” But the benefits the Suther farm was seeing quickly showed them they were on the right track. First, the Suthers saw they were saving money and time. The days of plowing, disc-ing, cultivating and cultivating again were behind them, leaving them with lower fuel and maintenance costs and more available time. Second, they could see that they were stop-ping soil erosion and third, conserv-ing moisture in their fields. Suther
said, “I would drive up and down the highway during a major rain event and watch water coming off conven-tional fields versus no-till fields and look at the amount and color of water coming off the terraces. My terraces’ water is less and it’s practically clear.” Last but not least, the Suthers noticed an improved yield; but to prove no-till benefits, the Suthers and other farmers realized that it must be tested in a controlled setting.
This controlled setting can be found at the Dakota Lakes Research Farm, located just outside Pierre, SD, which is a farmer-owned, not-for-profit corporation that teams with South Dakota State University to “identify, research and demonstrate methods of strengthening and stabi-lizing the agriculture economy.” The farm operates 860 acres and has been “exclusively no-till since the Station was started in 1990.” Dr. Dwayne
The key to soil quality
Ron suther pointing out the "trash whippers" on his planter to push aside stubble and allow for planting in no-till fields. Photo by susanne kufahl
an old plow on Ron suther's farm, showing how things used to be done. Photo by susanne kufahl
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 53
Beck manages the farm and agreed that the hot topic in farming today is the concept of healthy soils – “But what is a ‘healthy soil?’ How do you write that definition?” he said. Then to illustrate his point, he asked, “How do you define a beautiful woman or handsome man?” He described walking through a field that had not been plowed for years, kneeling to the ground and digging into the earth with his hand about six inches deep, holding up the rich soil and saying, “We all know one when we see one.”
Dr. Beck pointed out that to build a healthy soil, “cover crops are one small piece of a big system.” Within a no-till system, farmers can use cover crops and plant residue to help maximize sunlight capture, soil nutrients and water availabil-ity. Water conservation is one of the big benefits to no-till farming, residue from leftover crops, as well as cover crops, keep the soils cool and covered. Additionally, Dr. Beck noted the importance of increas-ing plant biodiversity, helping to create healthy soils by maintaining a healthy rhizosphere (soil zone
at the Dakota lakes Research Farm of a 2011 fall grazing cover crop (cereal, millet, legume, brassica mix) following winter wheat. Photo by santos hollmann and courtesy of Dr. Dwayne Beck
at the Dakota lakes Research Farm of a 2011 fall nitrogen cover crop mix (chickling, vetch, pea, flax mix). Photo by santos hollmann and courtesy of Dr. Dwayne Beck
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54 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
where roots and microorganisms are found). In a presentation (re-corded by AgCanada) rhizosphere ecologist, Dr. Jill Clapperton, said, “People tend to ignore what’s hap-pening below the soil surface, but it’s important to remember that plants feed the rhizosphere. Each plant has its own signature, leak-ing out organic and amino acids and carbohydrates that send a sig-nal to the critters that make up the soil ecology. Choosing appropriate species allows the grower to target specific nutrients that are needed. By the same token, increasing bio-diversity encourages a wider range of beneficial effects.”
Suther noticed the new-found success of cover crops and has been experimenting with different varieties in his fields as well. He discovered that some cover crops (legumes especially) fix nitrogen by pulling it out of the air, converting it into mineral nitrogen, and leaving it behind in the soil. “Like free fertil-izer!” he said.
Wyoming farmer, Mike Ode-gard of Arvada, WY, picked up the no-till trend four years ago at a seminar presented in Gillette, WY, where a rain-fall simulator was used. Rainfall simulators demon-strate water runoff and absorption of different soil types. The demon-stration in Gillette provided three soil types: plowed, no-till, and no-till with cover. Odegard noted that the water barely soaked into the plowed soil and had the most runoff. He called the experience an “eye opener” to erosion in arid soils. Now, Odegard is also raising cover crops, as part of his no-till farming system, such as radishes, oats and peas and is already seeing less soil erosion.
“This past year we planted peas and they were looking really good in May. Then June got hot and dry. When the peas started to flower, the heat hit them and we didn’t end up with a good crop. But it still gave good cover in the field,” said Odegard. He noted that this was not a total loss because he was still able to utilize the pea crop for live-stock feed. Odegard admitted that he has the advantage of learning from the experts and said, “We can
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 55
Custer County, SD - Western South Da-kota property in the foothills along the north edge of Elk Mountain. Rolling terrain with 298 acres, which includes about 116 acres of grass and alfalfa meadows. 42’ x 56’ pole barn built in 2008. Electricity to the property and telephone is nearby. Solar powered live-stock water well. This convenient Black Hills location is between Custer, South Dakota and Newcastle, Wyoming and only a one-hour drive from Rapid City. Situated in the heart of recreation with nearby access points leading into the National Forest. Reduced to $445,000
Mountain Inn Ranch
Alva, WY - Premier setting along the Belle Fourche River in northeastern Wyoming. 85 acres with live water running the full length of the east side. A great horse property located in a picturesque val-ley with views of the surrounding hills and a newer set of improvements. The land includes about 25 acres of farm ground that is planted to alfalfa-grass hay. It is cross fenced into three pastures. The land is northwest of Alva, Wyoming in the val-ley on the west side of the Bear Lodge Mountains and about 14 miles from access to Black Hills Na-tional Forest lands at Bearlodge Campground. It is located about 1.2 miles from Mona County Road on Buck Creek Trail. $495,000
River Horse Ranch
Aladdin, WY - Country estate with 186 acres on Oak Creek. A beautiful setting with a one of a kind home that combines maximum ef-ficiency with detailed elegance. Many cus-tom features: deluxe kitchen, custom cabi-netry, solid Caesar stone counters, private den, spacious master suite, spa tub, gas fireplace, in-floor heat, hard-wood flooring, French doors, wrap-a-round porch. Guest house, horse barn, 40’ x 120’ shop & outdoor riding arena. An exceptional Black Hills find. $1,387,000
Oak Creek Retreat
Aladdin, WY - Amazing Black Hills setting on Beaver Creek. 136 acres that borders a wide expanse of Black Hills National For-est and has highway access. Picturesque terrain with winding creek bottoms, open meadows, & wooded hills with pine, aspen & bur oak trees. This recreational haven has it all: a creek, convenient location with year round access, access to National Forest, good wildlife habitat & gorgeous scenery. $656,000
Beaver Creek Acreage
Hulett, WY - Ranch headquarters in the rolling foothills along Government Can-yon Creek. 358 acres including about 200 acres of farm ground. Located in a wide valley with rolling fields and rangeland pastures. Scattered cottonwood trees line the creek bottoms. The headquarters in-cludes a 4 bdrm double wide, a 40’ x 60’ shop, barn & several sheds. Water re-sources include 2 wells, 3 reservoirs and a seasonal creek. $650,000. The owners will sell a 103 acre parcel separately.
Dorsett Ranch
Alva, WY - Premier 85 acre horse property on the Belle Fourche River with a newer set of buildings. 2004 manufactured home features the “ultimate” kitchen, stainless steel appliances, a garden tub, pellet stove, laminate wood flooring and hot tub. 36’x44’ horse barn with room for stalls, heated tack room, hay storage & a center alley. Also has a 36’x56’ shop and a lighted roping arena. Enjoy the winding river bottoms of the Belle, wide vistas and privacy at a first-rate horse property. $495,000.
River Horse Ranch
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56 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
70
eliminate a lot of trial and error, but, you’re always going to have some crop failure when trying new stuff.”
“Cover crops are one tool in a big no-till toolbox,” said Dr. Beck. “You don’t use a screwdriver to do every-thing, and even with screwdrivers, you will have a lot of different sizes.” Theoretically, Odegard has the ad-vantage of a loaded toolbox. He
has been using a no-till system and has incorporated planting multiple varieties of cover crops to increase biodiversity in his fields, thereby widening his selection of “tools.” He has found this method also serves as a back-up plan so that, depending on the weather, if one crop doesn’t do well, another one will. Odegard hopes that with continuing zero till-
age and the use of cover crops, he will start to increase organic matter, root systems and the health of his soils. Odegard says he still has a lot to learn, but he is very excited to ex-periment with the right combination of tools to grow the best crop while keeping up his soil quality.
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 57
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58 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
In the areas of corn, soybeans and wheat, Davis explained current and changing trends, and their potential impact on the crops come fall.
Beginning with corn, Davis noted that despite the incredible projected 98 million acres to be planted this year, 2012 marked the third straight
year in a row that the U.S. saw declin-ing yields.
“That means our production is declining and we hear the term, ‘de-mand rationing.’ That has been the theme the last couple years and you can see it again this year through the change of use from the previous mar-ket year. You have the industrial use
down about 550 million bushels, and a good portion of that is ethanol use,” began Davis of the areas that saw a change in use.
Ethanol plants are reducing pro-duction across the board, and even shutting down production completely in some plants. Davis contributed this to ethanol not being economical to produce with current corn prices, and due to a drop in demand as more drivers convert to flex-fuel vehicles or increased fuel efficient vehicles, reversing the long-term trend of etha-nol demand and growth.
“Probably the biggest shock is exports. We’re dropping projected export demand down to 900 million bushels. I go back to 1970 to keep track of things, and when it comes to exports I’m not sure when the last
How’s itGrowinG?
a look into 2013 u.S. Crop outlookS
and marketSall pHotos By HeatHer Hamilton
By heaTheR hamilTon
Despite recent shots of moisture, drought will continue to be the big story impacting U.S. crop markets this year according to American
Farm Bureau Federation (AFBF) Senior Economist Todd Davis, who gave a crop profit outlook seminar at the An-nual Young Farmer and Rancher Conference in Phoenix, AZ in early February.
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 59
time we only exported 900 million bushels, but it was prior to 1970,” continued Davis.
The U.S. Grain Council recently told Davis that they are very con-cerned about the U.S. retaining its market share in the national mar-ket. A limited U.S. corn supply may remind China, Japan and oth-ers that they can find the corn they need elsewhere.
“Then of course, we have feed. It’s down 98 million bushels for the previous year. But, with this January’s report, they increased feed usage by 300 million bushels. That’s really surprised the market because looking at livestock feed-ing profitability, the feed category didn’t give up as much use as ex-pected,” explained Davis.
He continued, stating that the bottom line will come down to the 632 million bushels in stocks, put-ting the stocks to use ratio at 5.6 percent.
“We’re saying that we have about 21-days worth of corn in the bins come September 1. That’s get-ting unbearably tight, and lays the groundwork for higher prices and the market getting concerned this spring about bad weather affect-ing either the crop or harvest this fall, or just use not slowing down,” noted Davis.
Shifting to soybeans, Davis ex-plained that a marketing year is closer to six months due to the fact that when we are harvesting in the U.S., they’re planting in South America, and vice versa.
moisture will continue to be the big player in the 2013 grain crop. margins and demand are pushing for the most corn acres ever planted - a projected 98 million. however, as american Farm Bureau Federation senior economist Todd Davis noted, 98 million acres won’t get the job done if the national average level of production is severely affected by drought for the second year in a row.
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60 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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“Tight stocks aren’t necessarily as big an issue because in six months there will be more supply from South America. So, we’re looking at slightly less crutching, and USDA is also seeing a slight reduction in exports.
“However, we question if that is really reasonable – part of that re-duction could be trying to shoehorn in additional stocks that are at a very, very tight four percent, which is unbearable. USDA is just trying to make the numbers work here,”
stated Davis of the current situation in the soybean crop.
Exports will slow down in March and April as South America fills more international supply. How-ever, to make USDA’s current pro-jections work out, Davis said the U.S. will have to significantly reduce soy-bean exports, starting now, and will also have to rebalance USDA’s bal-ance sheet if they don’t want to drop stocks below 125 million bushels.
“We are very much exporting soybeans at a quick pace than is
The livestock sector is expected to continue to
see higher feed input prices through 2013,
unless the ideal moisture pattern results in a bumper
corn crop, which could happen. corn demand
for feed usage could be replaced to an extent with
wheat, depending on price. But, as american Farm
Bureau Federation chief economist Todd Davis
noted. the feeding industry does not like replacing corn
with wheat, and his best guess is that they will only
do so as a last resort.
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 61
almost not sustainable. Right now Ar-gentina is in a drought, it started later than it did last year, so there might be some yield affects. But, regardless of what they produce, it will be bet-ter than last year, so USDA is look-ing at tremendous growth in soybean production in South America, and the market needs it to reduce some of the pressure on U.S. exports,” added Davis.
Wheat is what Davis called a tricky subject due to the differences in win-ter, spring, white and red varieties, and the fact that USDA blends them all together into one balance sheet.
“What we see is that just as we’ve had great growth in corn and bean acres, they’ve taken it out of wheat. We’re looking at good yields last year, which was a bump in production, and use has been fairly good on the growth side. Exports have been kind of flat. What is really unique in regard to wheat is that in this scenario of re-ally tight corn, USDA always assumes that we’re going to feed more wheat, so they bump up wheat demand by 200 million bushels, but it never comes to pass,” explained Davis.
In that light, his full expectations are that come September feed de-mand for wheat will be the usual 240-250 million bushels, without the current projected 200 million bushel hike in the feed usage area. But, the massive drought in the plains com-bined with limited corn means wheat might actually become something that is fed to more livestock this year, despite history showing that nobody particularly likes to do that.
“Why should we care? Because if we add 200 million more bush-els to the bottom line versus feed it, it’s going to build stocks, reduce
price and make wheat even more unattractive than it already is,” explained Davis.
In the area of exporting, in order for USDA’s projections to work out, a significant increase will have to be seen in total exports. When this infor-mation is combined with the fact that as of today the current wheat crop is the worst since 1990, the picture doesn’t look rosy.
However, Davis also noted that the world as a whole gets mighty uptight if their wheat crop feels pressure, and that as more acres convert from wheat to corn, he expects cotton acres to
shift to wheat to help meet that world demand.
“In the big picture, price and re-turn per acre is saying to grow corn right now. There is potential down-side to the corn market – we could get a very big planting with what looks like a very attractive yield. But, it doesn’t matter if we plant 98 million acres if we only get a national average of 18 bushels per acre. I think we’ll be between $3.80 and $12 on corn this fall,” concluded Davis of the numer-ous factors, mostly weather related, that make this year a huge question mark in the area of what crop returns, and feed costs, will ultimately be.
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• VALENTINE, NE
VALENTINELIVESTOCK
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• GLASGOW, MT
GLASGOWSTOCKYARDS, INC.
P.O. Box 129 • Glasgow, MT 59230(406) 228-9306
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Ed Hinton: 406-893-4462Representatives for
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• LEMMON, SD
LEMMONLIVESTOCK
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605-374-3877800-822-8853
• Regular SalesEvery Wednesday
• Special Salesas Advertised
Contact:Paul Huffman, Owner/Mgr.
605-374-5675605-645-2493
Chad Hetzel, Asst. Mgr.701-376-3748
Clint Ehret, Baker Field Rep.406-778-3282 or 406-772-5522
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Office:605-859-2577
Auctioneers:Lynn Weishaar: Reva, SD
605-866-4670Dan Piroutek: Milesville, SD
605-544-3316
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• FAITH, SD
Regular Sales on MondayWed. Sheep Sales in Season
Phone 605-967-2200Gary Vance........605-967-2162Scott Vance.....605-739-5501 Cell: 605-484-7127
Max Louglin..605-244-5990www.faithlivestock.come-mail: [email protected]
• BELLE FOURCHE, SD
BELLEFOURCHE
LIVESTOCKEXCHANGE
REGULAR CATTLESALES THURSDAY
Sale Barn: 605-892-2655Dean Strong, Owner
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Brett Loughlin605-210-0615
Ray Pepin605-210-0617
K.P. Stevens, MT406-784-2459
Craig Deveraux307-746-2317
Mike Greenough307-620-2597
Joe Vodicka307-351-2024
• MANDAN, ND
Manager - Bill & Fred Kist701-663-9573
Toll-Free in North Dakota800-732-1163
Regular Sales Every WednesdayHorse & Dairy Sales LastSaturday of Each Month
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Regular Cattle Sale Every ThursdayMonthly Cow Sales Through AprilLarge Yearling Runs: Aug.-Sept.
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Barney Barnes - Sheep Yards Mgr.& Auctioneer: 605-456-2582
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TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 63
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• HERREID, SD
HERREIDLIVESTOCK
MARKETRegular Cattle Sales
Every FridaySpecial Sales by Appointment
605-437-2265
Owners/ManagersHermann Schumacher
Joe VetterJ.R. Scott
• BASSETT, NE
BassettLivestock
Auction, Inc.402-684-2361
Regular and Special FeederCattle Sales on Wednesdays
Owners:Arlen (Bim) Nelson • 402-684-3922Donnie Painter • 402-684-2221
Office Manager:Jeri Nelson • 402-684-2361
• BOWMAN, ND
BOWMANAUCTION MARKET
P.O. Box 58Bowman, ND 58623
877-211-0600Regular SaleEvery Monday
Marketing Cattle, Horses,Sheep & Hogs
Harry Kerr, Mgr.701-523-5922
701-523-5666 (h)Wayne Miller
Field Rep 701-523-6885
• MILES CITY, MT
MILES CITY LIVESTOCKCOMMISSION
Regular Cattle Sales TuesdaySpecial Feeder Sales
In SeasonHorse Sales As Advertised
Home of Frontier Stockyardswww.frontierstockyards.com
Office • 406-234-1790800-755-5177
Bart Meged • 406-421-5377 Cell 406-951-3005
Rob Fraser • 406-234-2066Cell 406-853-2066
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• BILLINGS, MT
BILLINGS LIVESTOCKCOMMISSION
Cattle Sales Every ThursdayMonday IN Season
Northern Livestock Video AuctionHorse Sale the 4th
weekend of each month
For Information or to Consign Call:1-800-635-7364 or call:
Ty Thompson 406-698-4783Dan Catlin 406-671-7715Bill Cook 406-670-0689
website: www.billingslivestock.com
• GORDON, NE
308-282-1171Dick Minor
308-282-2655 • 308-360-0427www.gordonlivestock.com
• KIMBALL, SD
KIMBALL LIVESTOCKEXCHANGE
Selling Fat Cattle the Auction Way605-778-6211 • 800-859-2346
Cattle Sell Every Tuesday
OWNER: Wayne Tupper605-778-8211
Eddie Houska:605-234-5633 • (C): 605-680-0666
Dick Deffenbaugh:605-680-1324
Check out our website at:www.wesellcattle.com
• TORRINGTON, WY
626 West Valley Rd.Torrington, WY 307-532-3333
All Classes – Every FridayYearlings & Calves – Wednesday
Bred Cow SpecialsGo to
www.torringtonlivestock.comfor current listings,
sale schedules & resultsShawn Madden 307-532-1575
Lex Madden – 307-532-1580
Computerized Ring ScaleSpecial Sales as Advertised
800-280-7210Sale Barn: 605-223-2576
Dennis Hanson: 605-223-2575Willie Cowan: 605-224-5796
Jack Carr: 605-259-3613Brian Hanson: 605-280-1283Chad Heezen: 605-870-0697
• FT. PIERRE, SDFT. PIERRELIVESTOCK
AUCTION, INC.Cattle Every Friday
• PRESHO, SDPRESHO LIVESTOCK
AUCTIONSALE EVERY THURSDAY
Presho, SD is located on Interstate 90,175 miles east of Rapid City, SD
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• RUSHVILLE, NESheridan LiveStock
auction co., inc.Regular Sales Wednesday
Office (308) 327-2406Horse Sales Every Month
As AdvertisedHogs Sell at 9:30 a.m.
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1-877-347-9100
• PLATTE, SDPLATTE
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Cattle Sale Each WednesdayFeeder Pigs Monday 12:30 pmButcher Hogs Monday 1:00 pm
Sheep Sales Every Monday 1:30 pmCo-Owners:
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Marshall Ringling, Sheep & Cattle Rep.605-243-2328
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64 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
What your banker wants
to tell you.Tips on successful banking,
operating, in agriculture
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By heaTheR hamilTon
Financial stability is critical to any agriculture entity, new or old. Ag finance officer with First North-ern Bank of Wyoming and fourth generation rancher Ryan Fieldgrove provided insight on how to prepare for success in agriculture, and what a lender looks for when an ag producer applies for credit.
“I have a myriad of things I would like to talk with you about, from the perspective of the other side of the desk. I want to talk about how you are prepared for opportunity, un-derstanding the world of finance, and what I see as successful com-ponents for successful operations in agriculture,” stated Fieldgrove of his key points.
When preparing for opportunity, Fieldgrove suggested having one’s personal life in order in the area of debt as a good starting point, and as an area that lenders will focus on up front.
“Where are you with student loans? Do you have new pickup fetishes? Do you like tons of new toys? I don’t get into whether that’s right or wrong, because I’ve seen it be successful from both sides,” said Fieldgrove. “The point is, do you un-derstand what it takes to actually be able to take an opportunity, and can you handle it?”
Interest in education will follow from a lender, but not necessarily from the perspective of what a di-ploma states. Fieldgrove noted that he is far more interested in whether a candidate has an open mind and quest to learn, and how they think about things.
“The biggest thing for opportunity in my mind is how are our borrowers with their management capabilities. I don’t expect our borrowers to be per-fect at everything. But, what I want them to be truthful about is what
aren’t they good at, and how have they dealt with that? They may be the best practical people in the world with the day-to-day, but not good at business, and that’s fine. I think some-times good managers just know what they’re good at, and then compensate for their weaknesses. Be honest about that with yourself, then fix it or coun-ter it. Deal with the weakness in the
management component,” suggested Fieldgrove.
In the area of understanding a bank, Fieldgrove said he feels this is the day and age in which that under-standing will become very important, and he encouraged producers to find a lending institution that has practi-cal experience in the ag industry in addition to a good call report. While there will be some differences among all lending institutions, in general ag lenders have the same culture. The same cannot be said for those institu-tions that lend to other cultures, such as corporate America.
“Most of us around here do come from an agriculture background if we work in ag finance, and understand the challenges in managing both the day-to-day, and the financial side of an operation. I think it’s a big deal how much effort your bank puts into learning your aspect, or your side of
the table. For example, we just sent someone from our bank to the Ranch-ing for Profit school, because our customers come back from that with all these topics they want to discuss. Our person didn’t need to go for his own ranching benefit, but we want to know what is being said, what you’re hearing and wondering about and being told,” explained Fieldgrove.
On the flip side, it’s also important for a bank’s customers to understand what rules, laws and regulations their banks have to deal with, and what that individual bank’s base policies are. Fieldgrove noted that just as with agriculture, regulations are one of the biggest hurdles banks are facing in this day and age, and that produc-ers should be aware of what they are and how their lending institution of choice deals with them.
“It’s also important to find a lender that you match with based on personality. I relate in a better way with different personality types, and I’m pretty sure you probably will to. That’s not to say I encourage you to bank with your best friend. I don’t think that’s important. I think you should bank with someone who gives you factual, straightforward informa-tion, that puts effort into your enter-prise, and that you actually do respect
Being honest when identifying management strengths and weaknesses is a key component of success in agriculture according to rancher and ag loan officer Ryan Fieldgrove. Bookkeeping and record keeping often tend to be areas that producers either excel at, or are weakest in. Fieldgrove said having management weaknesses is okay, and being able to admit those weaknesses will enable producers to manage around them and do a better job in the big picture.
66 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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Ryan Fieldgrove is a fourth generation rancher and an ag loan officer in with First northern Bank of wyoming. among the things he looks for in agriculture operators looking to obtain credit is if they're ready for opportunity, what their management capability is and if they have their personal life in order in the area of debt. Photo by heather hamilton
their experience and/or what they try to do for you. I think that’s a big deal,” commented Fieldgrove.
In the area of what makes a good recipe for a successful operator or manager, Fieldgrove said first on the list is a willingness to sacrifice in order to become successful.
“What have you done to put yourself in a position to be ready for opportunity? It may come along, and you might not be ready. Those people ready for that opportunity have sometimes sacrificed several years, whether that’s savings, having two or three other jobs – those who have definitely spent some time in the trench are generally most prepared,” explained Fieldgrove.
Being cautiously innovative – always learning new things and trying new stuff – was second on his list. This included not blundering into things, but rather taking one step in, determining if the idea worked, and being able to pull back out if the answer was no.
“They’re realists, not necessarily optimists or pessimists. They are factual and call a spade a spade. Some of us can-not admit failure, and I do believe that some of the most successful operators understand that sometimes when an enterprise fails, that’s not necessarily poor management. There are many things beyond our control in agricul-ture, and you shouldn’t take that personally,” continued Fieldgrove.
TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe calf & crop spectacular 67
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if you shy away from bookkeeping, don't see it as a sign of failure. wyoming rancher and ag loan officer Ryan Fieldgrove said that some of the best managers he knows are those who admit their areas of management weakness, and make decisions with them in mind as opposed to ignoring them. Photo by heather hamilton
Prudent financial management, being bankable, and an understanding of beneficial leverage and the oppor-tunity cost of money were also men-tioned, and Fieldgrove noted that if the leverage cost is less than the prof-itability, that’s basically saying, “Wel-come to America.”
“The biggest one for some reason is truly know when to fold them. When does it not work? The biggest thing that I see that is a mistake is that there is not a plan. There isn’t that line – you should have a comfort line that says I am willing to have this loss for a cer-tain period of time, and then no more. Close it up, sell it out, and move on, and then don’t take it personal. To me that isn’t personal, that’s a wise thing – knowing when to shut it off,” con-cluded Fieldgrove.
68 calf & crop spectacular TRi-sTaTe livesTock news / FaRmeR & RancheR exchanGe
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JD Hewitt [email protected]
Tyson Hewitt [email protected]
Kendall Smith [email protected]
Bulldog Creek Campground, Sturgis SD; 43+/- acres, Developed RV park/Campground located next to I90 at exit 37 just 5 miles from the main Rally exit at Sturgis SD. With 200 improved sites and two wells there is tremendous opportunity in this property. $775,000
LaGrand Scotch Cap Angus Ranch, The entire highly improved LaGrand Scotch Cap is now available for purchase; comprised of 6,427+/- acres deeded property with an additional 480 acres leased land. The property consists of 3,060.7 acres highly productive cropland (2,702 ac. crop base) and 3,366.3
ac in well fenced and watered excellent grassland. Some of the improvements include four homes, numerous barns and sheds, sale barn, 1,000’s of ft. of steel pipe continuous fence, 150,000 bu. grain storage w/ leg, scale, loading facility and scale. Seller retains life estate on one home, hunting rights and minerals. This property is priced to sell at $7,000,000. For more information contact JD or Tyson
Girl Creek Ziebach County, Dupree SD: 2,727+/- acres of excellent native pasture. Five separate pastures facilitating easy rotation of grazing. Extremely well watered by nine reservoirs, together with two shallow wells serving six tire tanks and three new automatic waters’. Access is provided by well- maintained gravel roads and power is located on the property. Girl Creek runs through the property providing an added element of limited winter protection. This property would make an excellent starter ranch or added grass for an established operation. Call us on this. Priced at $2,045,000
Girl Creek
Ziebach County, Dupree SD: 2,727+/‐ acres of excellent native pasture. Five separate pastures facilitating easy rotation of grazing. Extremely well watered by nine reservoirs, together with two shallow wells serving six tire tanks and three new automatic waters’. Access is provided by well‐ maintained gravel roads and power is located on the property. Girl Creek runs through the property providing an added element of limited winter protection. This property would make an excellent starter ranch or added grass for an established operation. Call us on this. Priced at $1,570,000.
Lake Arikara Ranch; 288+ acres of solitude within minutes of Pierre and the Missouri River. Good pastures that have ample water available thru rural water, a well and Dry Run Creek running thru the property and historic Lake Arikara. Nice 1000 sq. ft. home built in 1996 with attached garage. 30x36 Morton building for a shop plus two other metal clad pole buildings for livestock shelter and storage. Fenced into separate pastures with good corrals. Priced at $650,000. Contact Kendall Smith for more information 605-222-6261
Haakon County Farmland; 320 acres of highly productive farm land in eastern Haakon County. NW ¼ of Section 2, 159.21 acres, and NE ¼ of Section 3, 159.49 acres, all in Township 3 North, Range 24 East. 300.2 tillable acres that lays well with very little slope. Priced at $1900 an acre or a total of $608,000.00
13167 Arapahoe, Dr. Piedmont, SD • 57769Office phone/fax 605.791.2300
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