Calendar of Operations for January

Timely planning and execution offann operations based on agroclimatic conditions of the area is important for successful fanning for higher productivity and sustainability. To facilitate thi s, a calendar of operations in respect of important spice crops for January is given below.

Cardamom

Agronomic measnres:

Nursery: Regular watering may be given to bed/ polybag/sucker nursery based on necessity.

To control damping off/seedling rot diseases in nursery, soil drenching with 0.2% Copper Oxychloride or 0.2% Mancozeb may be taken up.

As bio-control measure, Trichoderma or Pseudomonas or Bacillus species may be applied in the soil.

For controlling leaf rot disease, spray 0.3 % Mancozeb and for controlling leaf spots, spray 0.2% Carbendazim after noticing early symptoms.

Mainfield: Irrigation to be started, based on necessity wherever irrigation facility is available.

In rain fed areas, if mulching is not done previously, mulch the base of the plants immediately with dried leaf/weed mate~ials.

30 Spice India December 2015

In areas where the roots are exposed due to soil erosion, earth up the base with topsoil only up to the half of the bulbous portion of the tillers and then mulch the base.

Pest management: For Integrated Pest Management prune dry leaves without removing green leaf sheath.

Disease management: Keep constant vigil for any katte virus affected plants to uproot and destroy, if found.

If leaf blight disease is observed, spray J % Bordeaux Mixture or 0.4% Akomin.

For controlling leaf rust and Chen thai & leaf spots, spray 0.25% Mancozeb.

If symptoms of stem lodging are noticed, spray 0.2% Carbendazim on pseudo stem.

Root rot and leaf yellowing can be controlled by foliar spray and soil drenching with 0.2% Carbendazim or Carbendazim + Mancozeb.

If symptoms of capsule brown spot (Anthracnose) is noticed, spray with 0.2% Carbendazim.

Harvest and post harvest operations: Harvesting can be continued with a gap of 25 to 30 days depending upon the weather conditions and maturity of capsules. Ensure always, right maturity for better out-turn.

Wash harvested capsules thoroughly before drying in curing chamber.

Timely removal of water vapour from curing chamber and maintaining proper temperature during curing will result in better green colour of the produce.

Clean and store the cured cardamom at 10% moisture level in 300 gauge black polythene lined gunny bags and inside wooden boxes.

Large Cardamom

Nursery: Regular watering at alternate days may be done in primary, secondary and sucker nursenes.

Need based weeding may be attended in sucker nursery.

In primary nursery if 25% germination is observed, the mulch may be removed immediately and shade pandals may be erected.

Main field: Regular monitoring may be done to identify chirkey and fOOl'key plants and it may be pulled out and destroyed by burning.

Leaf caterpillar infested leaves may be collected and destroyed by burning or putting it in kerosene oil.

The base of the plant may be mulched with available dried leaves.

Shade regulation may be attended.

Black Pepper Agronomic measures: The growing vines may be tied to the standard and trained properly.

Mulch the base of the vines with organic waste materials like dried leaves, weeds etc. to conserve the soil moisture, if not done earlier.

Wherever irrigation facilities are available, start irrigating the plants once in a week by hose irrigation or daily by drip irrigation.

Disease management: Vines affected by little leaf or phyllody may be uprooted and destroyed.

Harvest and Post harvest operations: Continue

SPICES & DIMENTS Handbook on I Handbook on I

Spices and Condiments (Cultiva tion, Processing and Extraction)

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Spice India December 2015 31

harvesting by observing the right maturity indicated by the colour change in one or two berries in a spike from green to orange or red.

Always ensure threshing of pepper by hygienic means either by manually or using mechanical pepper thresher.

For drying use only clean floor made of concrete, clean bamboo mats or polythene sheets to get quality produce.

Vanilla

Agronomic measures: Irrigation to be continued based on weather condition and necessity.

Always ensure adequate mulch material with organic debris.

Tying of vines with the standard to be continued based on necessity.

Pollinate the flowers manually with the help of skilled labourers between 6.00 a.m. to 1.00 p.m. on the day of opening of flower wherever flowering is still there.

32 Spice India December 2015

Pest management: Always avoid the entry of chicken inside the vanillary as they may damage the roots by scratching the mulch materials.

Disease management: If shoot tip rot or inflorescence rot found spray the vines with 0.2% Carbendazim to reduce the disease spread.

Vanilla vines exhibiting any viral symptoms are to be immediately removed and destroyed.

Harvest and post harvest operations: Continue harvesting. Harvest when light yellowing is observed at the distal end of the bean to ensure better quality of cured beans.

Adopt Bourbon method for processing the beans or sell green beans immediately after harvest.

Ginger Harvest: Harvesting ginger may be done in areas where late planting was done.

Harvest the already marked plants separately for using them later for seed purpose.

The remaining plants are also to be harvested separately after seeing the indication of maturity.

Storage of seed rhizomes: Seed rhizomes may be soaked in 0.3% Mancozeb for 30 minutes. Then drain and dry under shade.

Store them in pits under shade with alternate layers of sand or saw dust with ginger rhizomes. Leave some gap over the top layer and close the pit either with a wooden/earthen lid with holes or coconut fronds.

In already stored pits, observe the seed rhizomes for any rot infestation. If -found remove such

rhizomes and then store again as done earlier.

Post harvest management: For making dried ginger, the harvested rhizomes are thoroughly washed in water.

Then outer skin is removed with sharpened bamboo splits.

Soaking the rhizomes overnight in water will help easy pealing of the outer skin.

The pealed rhizomes are spread uniformly on clean drying yardslbamboo matsipolythene sheets and allowed to dry for 7 -9 days with occasional turning.

Thrmeric

Harvest: Harvesting of turmeric may be done in areas where late planting was done.

Harvest the already marked plants separately for using them later for seed purpose.

The remaining plants are also to be harvested separately after seeing the indication of maturity.

Storage of seed rhizomes: Seed rhizomes may be soaked in 0.3% Mancozeb for 30 minutes. Then

drain and dry under shade.

Store them in pits under shade with alternate layers of sand or saw dust with turmeric rhizomes. Leave some gap over the top layer and close the pit either with a wooden/earthen lid with holes or coconut fronds.

Post harvest management: Cure the finger and mother rhizomes separately for better quality of the produce.

Curing is to be done by boiling rhizomes in fresh water and drying in sun.

After cooking, sun dry the rhizomes by

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Spice India December 2015 33

spreading in 5-7 cm thick layers on clean bamboo mats or cemented drying yards for 10-15 days for proper drying.

Polish the dried turmeric using a mechanical polisher.

Chilli

irrigate once in 20-25 days in black soils and 10-15 days in red loamy soils.

Apply N.P.Y. @ 200 litre per acre to control pod borers.

Change the lure of pheromone traps for monitoring pod borers (Spodoptera litura , Heliothis annigera).

Spray Mancozeb 0.25 % or Copper Oxychloride 0.3% to control die back and fruit rot diseases.

Harvest and Post Harvest Management: Start first picking of chilli since the produce is exposed to sun for 10-15 days.

Always dry in polythene sheets/or clean drying yards when drying on ground.

The moisture content of the dried pod is to be kept between 8-10 %.

Fennel (Kharif transplanted)

Crop should be irrigated at an interval of 15-20 days if optimum moisture is not available in the soil.

To control Ramularia blight spraying of 0.2% Mancozeb 75 w.p. may be done.

Fennel (Rabi transplanted)

lrrigation may be done as per need.

34 Spice India December 2015

To control Ramularia blight spraying of 0.2% Mancozeb 75 w.p. may be done.

Fennel (Rabi drilled)

Irrigation may be done as per need.

To control blight and sugary disease avoid excess irrigation and application of nitrogen.

To control Ramularia blight spraying of 0.2% Mancozeb 75 w.p. may be done.

Cumin

Weeding may be done during second fortnight and crop should be irrigated if clear weather condition prevails.

irrigation must be postponed if cloudy weather condition prevails.

Fenugreek

If necessary, last weeding may be carried out during third week.

Crop may be irrigated at an interval of 20-25 days.

Coriander

Fourth irrigation may be given 90-100 days after sowmg.