cal anderson park lighting master plan - seattle · entrances circulation paths ... it acts as an...

LIGHTING MASTER PLANCAL ANDERSON PARK

prepared for:Capitol Hill Chamber of Commerce

prepared by: dark | light designDecember 2015

dark | light

LIGHTING MASTER PLANCAL ANDERSON PARK

CONTENTS | 3

CAL ANDERSON PARK - LIGHTING MASTER PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

04 AERIAL VIEW 05 SUMMARY 06 INTRODUCTION 07 BACKGROUND surroundinginfluence park zones entrances circulation paths park furniture

13 EXISTING CONDITIONS existing light levels

14 LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS glare light pollution

17 CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES CPTED recommendations 18 LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS lighting zones pathway landscape architectural entrances 11th avenue

29 COST ESTIMATES

AERIAL VIEW | 4


AERIAL VIEW

NOT TO SCALE

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SUMMARY | 5


SUMMARY

This Lighting Master Plan (“the Plan”) was developed through a process involving the Capitol Hill Chamber of Commerce, Capitol Hill Arts District, the Seattle Neighborhood Group’s CPTED Advisor, and the dark | light design team.

The Plan proposes lighting improvements for the park based upon current lighting technologies and safety considerations. The goal of the proposed improvements is to address the visual needs of park visitors, enhance the nighttime experience of the landscape, and reinforce the historic character of the park’s design.

The Plan presents overall concepts for luminaires, light sources, and illumination levels. It also presents detailed recommendations to serve as a framework for future lighting improvements.

Implementation of the Plan presented in this document is pending project funding and detailed design and engineering.

INTRODUCTION | 6


INTRODUCTION

Today Cal Anderson Park is home to over 10 acres of beloved public space within one of Seattle’s densest and fastest growing neighborhoods, Capitol Hill.

Its history began in 1901 as Lincoln Reservoir. It wasn’t until 1904, when the Olmsted brothers surveyed and redesigned the park to include a publicplayfield,thatitbecameacommunitygatheringplace.By1922,itspopularitygarnereditanewname,theBroadwayPlayfield.

In 2003 the reservoir was covered, opening up space for expanses of openlawnareas,areflectionpool,children’splayground,andwindingpaths. The space of Cal Anderson Park is treasured as a breath of fresh air from the intensity and density of the surrounding neighborhood and city beyond. It acts as an outdoor living room and common ground for many of the residents of, and visitors to, Capitol Hill.

1904 1992 1995 2002

BACKGROUND | 7


BACKGROUNDSURROUNDING INFLUENCE

ART VENUES + RESOURCES

RETAIL / DINING

EDUCATION

TRANSIT STATION

RELIGIOUS CENTERS / COMMUNITY SERVICES

CLOSED TO PUBLIC

The above graphic indicates the various uses of buildings surrounding Cal Anderson Park. Today the southwest corner, adjacent to Seattle Central Community College and various commercialbusinesses,hasasubstantialinfluenceontheParkas a heavily used entrance point.

Currently, the northern edges of the park are surrounded primarily by residential uses, making the north end of the park much quieter throughout the day and night. However, the anticipated 2016 opening of the Sound Transit station will drastically increase pedestrian activity at the north end of the park.

expected 2016

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BACKGROUND | 8


BACKGROUND

(zones ordered below from North to South as listed on map)

sound transit hub: underground boarding at the corner of Broadway and East John St.; projected that by 2030, 14,000 riders will board daily; service is expected to begin in 2016

landmark heritage tree: a Chinese Scholar Tree has been designated one of the oldest and largest of its kind in Washington

water features: the fountain, texture pool,andreflectionpoolcomposea reminder of the reservoir that lies beneath the park as well as a common point of relaxation for visitors on surrounding benches

gate house: this building contains working equipment for the reservoir, and dates back to the original Lincoln Reservoir; a vital element to views throughout and across the park

children’s playground: a variety of play equipment screened from other park uses by planters and retaining walls

wading pool: open during the daytime in the summer season

sunbowl: sloped area of open lawn; hometosummeroutdoorfilmseriesamong other public gatherings

shelterhouse: a 900 square foot space for meetings and events; opposite the shelterhouse lies a public restroom; between the restroom is a trellis covered plaza with occasional seating and a ping-pong table

courts: fenced courts for a variety of games including tennis, basketball, and dodgeball

play field: home to baseball and soccer fields

PARK ZONES

BACKGROUND | 9


BACKGROUNDPARK ZONES

SOUND TRANSIT HUB(PROJECTED RENDERING, SDOT)

HERITAGE TREE FOUNTAIN

TEXTURE POOL

CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND

SHELTERHOUSE

REFLECTION POOL

WADING POOL

COURTS

GATE HOUSE

SUNBOWL

PLAYFIELD

BACKGROUND | 10


BACKGROUNDENTRANCES

angle of arrow aligns with angle photograph is taken from

size of circle references relative popularity of use

110

29

3

4

56

7

8

DENNY WAY / 11TH AVE

11TH AVE / HOWELL ST

11TH AVE / OLIVE ST

11TH AVE RAMP ACCESS

PINE ST / 11TH AVEPINE ST / NAGLE PL

NAGLE PL NEAR COURTS

NAGLE PL NORTH OF COURTS

NAGLE PL / HOWELL ST

DENNY WAY / 10TH AVE

BACKGROUND | 11


BACKGROUNDCIRCULATION PATHS

East to West routes at Howell Street and Olive Street are often used by those passing directly through the park. The winding paths of the park more naturally cater to a slower circulation that allows visitors to stop along the path, rest on park furniture, or cross into open grass spaces.

primary frequently used, an arterial means of circulation

secondary leisurely use of path, and stoppage along it

tertiary infrequently used

BACKGROUND | 12


BACKGROUNDPARK FURNITURE

Furniture locations are recorded as a way of understanding where people gather formally. As the map indicates, the highest density of resting locations occursaroundthetextureandreflectionpools.

EXISTING CONDITIONS | 13


EXISTING CONDITIONSLIGHT LEVELS

Recorded light levels are measured in footcandles and taken on April 08 between 9:30 and 10:30PM.

Measurements taken with a Konica Minolta Illuminance Meter T-10A, last calibrated on 08/15/2014.

A high contrast lighting condition on the shelterhouse patio below the trellis is created by narrow beams of light.

*

LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS | 14


LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

With an understanding of the existing conditions and neighborhood context of the park, options for lighting improvements have been developed for multiple park areas and elements.

The goal of the proposed lighting improvements is to enhance the park after dark by creating an inviting and comfortable environment. Providing adequate light for safe passage is important, and this is already provided in many areas of the park. However, simply providing enough light is not enough to create an environment that invites users to stop and enjoy the park, or create visibility in the distance to invite them to other elements within the park.

The lighting improvements proposed in this plan aim to address multiple issues within the park by reducing glare to improve visual comfort and visual acuity, increase contrast on surfaces to create visual interest, increaselightlevelswheretheyaredeficienttoincreasevisibilityandsecurity, and highlight architectural elements within the park to create an increased sense of place at night.



GLARELIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Glare can create an after-dark environment where safety and security are impacted by affecting park users’ visual acuity, as well as create an uncomfortable environment that does not reinforce positive behaviors.

A CPTED analysis conducted for Cal Anderson Park indicates that the globe shaped pole-mounted luminaires in the park impose glare upon park visitors from every angle.

Utilitizing luminaires with improved shielding will minimize undesirable sightlines which impair vision and increase visual comfort.

OMNIDIRECTIONAL SEMI-DIRECTIONAL DIRECTIONAL

LIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS



LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSLIGHT POLLUTION

Light pollution is an issue in the urban environment. Electric lighting beingeitherdirectlyreleasedabovethehorizon,orreflectedoffofsurrounding surfaces, is partially responsible for reducing urban residents’ ability to viewthe night sky. To reduce light pollution, lighting equipmentmustbecarefullyspecifiedandinstalled.Omnidirectionalluminaires, such as the round globes installed at the Park, are a common cause of urban skyglow.

The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) address skyglow in their Recommended Practice publication RP-33-14 Lighting for Exterior Environments. The recommended methods for reducing light pollution are summarized below:

+ minimize upward emissions Design exterior lighting to minimize, or eliminate where possible, upward emissions. Ideally, light output will not exceed a 45 ° angle from the target surface.

+ minimize non-target lighting Upward lighting systems must be designed to minimize light that trespasses beyond the target (examples include sign lighting or architectural features). Many manufacturers offer attachments suchassnootsorbafflesthatwilldirectthelightwhereneeded and eliminate indirect spill.

+ do not over light Use no higher light level than is needed for the activities occurring in the space.

OMNIDIRECTIONAL

OMNIDIRECTIONAL LIGHTING AND THE SKYGLOW EFFECT

CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES | 17


CPTED RECOMMENDATIONSCRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Action items found within the Draft CPTED Recommendations for Cal Anderson Park: Natural Surveillance & Territorial Definition After Dark

+ lighting equipment must: (1) be vandal proof as much as possible and (2) not produce glare

+ perimeter recommendations: (1) no glare exposure at eye level (north and east) (2) delineate park boundary with light (north and east) (3) explore lighting in tree canopies (east) (4) illuminate new pump house structure (west)

+ entrance recommendations: (1) integrate path, surface, and landscape lighting (2) replace historical replica globes with a less glaring luminaire

+ interior recommendations: (1) usefullyshieldedandfullcutofffixtures (2) apply additional path lighting throughout the park (3) support focal points throughout the park (4) provide very low levels of light in the children’s play area to allow passerbyers to observe problems (5) use ‘step-down’ lighting to support dark adaptation as people transitionintodarkerareasneartheplayfield

LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 18


pathway: primary goals within the circulation zones of the park are to increase the amount of light on the path surface, decrease glare in the visualfield,and,inthesamelocation,increasecontrastonthepathsurface to create a processional pattern on the pathway.

landscape: several peripheral landscape zones throughout the park offer an opportunity to light plants and trees to increase comfort and feelings of security in especially dark areas.

architectural: the fountain, gatehouse, and shelterhouse are architectural elements that are visible from many viewpoints throughout the park. Applying light to these features will enhance the sense of place in the park’s nighttime environment by providing visual points of interest throughout the park.

entrances: lighting at the various entrances to the park should be welcoming while reducing the glare problem that currently exists. Additionally, visual consistency between entry points is important for a cohesive park identity.

11th ave: the pedestrian sidewalk along the 11th avenue park edge is in need of increased lighting at the walking surface for safety reasons. To further increase the quality of space, lighting of the trees overhead and other landscape elements is recommended.

LIGHTING ZONESLIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS

PATHWAY, ENTRANCES

ARCHITECTURAL

11th AVENUE

LANDSCAPE



+

+

LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONSPATHWAY

OPTION 1LED LIGHT ENGINE RETROFITretrofitglobeswithdownward-directedLEDlight engines, addition of supplemental in-grade directional marker lights

OPTION 2LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTIONreplace globe luminaires with a historically referentialdirectLEDfixture,additionofsupplemental in-grade directional marker lights

OPTION 3LED FLOODLIGHT ADDITIONrefurbish existing globe luminaires, mount a smallscaleLEDfloodlightatthebaseoftheglobe to aim at the path directional marker lights



PATHWAY01 / LED LIGHT ENGINE RETROFIT

AnLEDretrofitatoptheexistingpoleandbeneathidenticaldiffuserscanbespecifiedto direct light down onto the path. This recommendation includes replacing the globes.

input: 40Woutput: 3500 lumenscolor temperature: 3500KCRI: 80+additional: asymmetric distribution option available

PROS: + no changes to the existing form, easing approval process + higher light levels on ground than existing condition+ increased color rendering + longer life than existing source CONS:- does not change problem of discomfort glareinfieldofvisionacrossthepark- light levels are still very uniform, reinforcing lack of visual interst

AMERLUX AVISTA

LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS



PATHWAY02 / LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTION

input: 40Woutput: 2000 lumenscolor temperature: 3500KCRI: 80+additional: soft-view diffusion lens

PROS: + only 1% uplight + minimimal glare, soft view lensCONS:- a luminaire form change may mean somedifficultygettingapprovalfromsomereviewing bodies

New lens technology can offer the soft appearance of indirect illumination but with the energyefficacyofadirectluminaire.Surfacebrightness (or luminance) is measured in candela per square meter. Available materials will reduce this glare indicating value in a direct luminaire by 76%, with only a 21% reduction in light output. These reductions are capable of vastly improving both the quality of light and the environment being lit.

STERNBERG EURO WITH SOFTVUE LENS




PATHWAY03 / LED FLOOD LIGHT ADDITION

TheinstallationofasmallLEDfloodlightatthetop of each existing pole is a way of creating processional pools of light throughout the paths in the park. This method is a relatively low cost wayofaidingwayfindingwithinthepark.Basicrelamping of the existing globes included in this scheme.

input: 8Woutput: 350 lumenscolor temperature: 3500KCRI: 90+optic:mediumfloodadditional: include 45° cap and honeycombbaffle

PROS: + increases light level on the pathway+ processional pools of light on pathsurfacesaidinwayfindingthroughout the park CONS:- intensive installation process- does not reduce existing glare from globefixtures

BK DELTASTAR




PATHWAY - WAYFINDING LAYER

Marker lights placed periodically between poles areawayofaddingawayfindingpatternlayeron certain pathways to the relatively even path illumination of schemes one and two. These may be limited to major circulation pathways (at Howell and Olive Street), along with the walkway around the water feature) to increase light levels and contribute to placemaking on those routes.

input: 10Woutput: 750 lumenscolor temperature: 3500KCRI: 80+additional: single sided distribution

WE-EF EFC120




PATHWAYPERFORMANCE COMPARISON PLANS


0 / EXISTING CONDITION

1 / LED LIGHTING ENGINE RETROFIT WITH MARKER LIGHTS

2 / LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTION WITH MARKER LIGHTS

3 / LED FLOOD LIGHT ADDITION

ILLUMINANCE (footcandles)

2.00+

1.75

1.50

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0



PATHWAYPERFORMANCE COMPARISON AXONOMETRICS


0 / EXISTING CONDITION

1 / LED LIGHTING ENGINE RETROFIT

2 / LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTION

3 / LED FLOOD LIGHT ADDITION

ILLUMINANCE (footcandles)

2.00+

1.75

1.50

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0



LANDSCAPE

Poleswithmultipleadjustablefixtureslocatedthroughout the landscapes are a way of lighting through the trees and casting light onto especially dark patches of sidewalk or grass. Pole locations are envisioned adjacent to existing plantings or pathway edges.

input: 8Woutput: 350 lumenscolor temperature: 3500KCRI: 90+optic: spotadditional: - 12’ tall aluminum tapered pole, 4” diameter at base-fourfloodlightsmounted10’or higher - include 45° cap and a honeycombbaffle

BK DELTASTAR SHOWN




ARCHITECTURAL

FOUNTAIN

The currently installed fountain luminaires are not operational. This could be because they need relamping orbecausethefixtureshavefailed.Inany case, to ensure long-lived operation, thefixturesshouldbereplacedwithasimilarlyperformingfixturewithanLEDlight source.

GATEHOUSE

Applying light to the gatehouse will create a visual anchor visible throughout the park. Linear LED light tape in an aluminum extrusion can be mounted around the cornice to create a soft ring of light at the top of the building. Additional LED lighting can be installed along the base of each windowsill to light up in the arched cavities. These simple treatments will softly illuminate the architecture of the gatehouse without creating an overwhelming visual element within the nighttime landscape.

SHELTERHOUSE

The evening lighting conditions of the shelterhouseplazashouldreflectitssignificanceasacommunalgatheringplace. Currently, the high contrast lighting conditions of the space make it an undesirable place to be. Installing narrow beam luminaires to light the side of each column (to highlight architecture), as well as several wide beam downlights throughout the space (to provide task illumination), will lower contrast and create more inviting layers of light.




ENTRANCES

11TH AVENUE


The globe diffusers at the various entrances to the park require replacement due to damage or vandalism. Changing the light source to achieve color temperature consistency withotherfixturesintheparkshouldbeconsideredaswell.To create a more welcoming entry experience, the stone pedestals at the base of the poles can be uplit. This will give more visual weight to the entry points and highlight the stone material of the base to create a more inviting entry condition.

The multihead poles shown on page 24 can be applied to the landscaping on the western side of the 11th Avenue sidewalk to alleviate the darkness on both the ground surface and the greenery overhead. Providing light in multiple directions serves two purposes: illuminates the sidewalk surface, which is uneven and a trip hazard, and providing light on vegetation, which surrounds and covers the sidewalk, to increase the perception of security.

Mountingfixturesintheboulevardstripontheeastsideofthesidewalkwouldbechallenging, given that because this area is within the right-of-way, lighting would typically be provided by Seattle City Light, which has a very limited palette of pedestrian-scalefixturesavailableforuse,andmountinglocations,givencurrenttreelocations,wouldbedifficulttofind.

COST ESTIMATES | 29


COST ESTIMATES

Price estimates below indicate currently-researched product costs, installation expenses, and an estimated contingency to account for permitting, design fees, escalation, and unexpected installation conditions.

PATHWAY

PRICE ESTIMATES BY ZONE

TOTAL PRICE ESTIMATES

LANDSCAPE

ARCHITECTURAL

ENTRANCES

OPTION 01LED light engine retrofit, with

marker lights

OPTION 02LED direct luminaire, with

marker lights

OPTION 03LED flood light attachment

11th AVENUE

scheme 01LED light engine retrofit

$120,000

$210,000

$105,000

$145,000

$385,000

$105,000

$70,000

$15,000

$45,000

$15,000

$870,000 $960,000 $780,000

scheme 02LED direct luminaire

scheme 03LED flood light attachment

12’ multihead poles (qty. 25)

fountain

12’ multihead poles

gatehouse

shelterhouse

pedestal uplights (qty. 15)

lamp and globe replacements

marker lights (qty. 64)

cost included in Landscape estimate

dark | lightCAL ANDERSON PARK - LIGHTING MASTER PLAN

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