caesar and the roman navy
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Caesar and the Roman Navy. Katie Walton LATN 6030. Control of the English Channel. Why cross the Channel? Up to this point: Veneti Battle of Morbihan. “No expedition across the channel could be contemplated with the fleet [of the Veneti] intact…”. De Bello Gallico 3.13. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Caesar and the Roman Caesar and the Roman NavyNavy
Katie WaltonKatie Walton
LATN 6030LATN 6030
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Control of the English Control of the English ChannelChannel
Why cross the Channel?
Up to this point: Veneti
Battle of Morbihan
“No expedition across the channel could be contemplated with the fleet [of the Veneti] intact…”
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De Bello Gallico 3.13De Bello Gallico 3.13
• Conflict at Morbihan
• Describes the ships of the Veneti in detail
•Flat bottomed
•High bows and sterns
•Oak
•Solid
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55 BCE: Expedition to 55 BCE: Expedition to BritainBritain
• 80 onerariae
• 18 transports
• Naves Longae
• Scaphae/Speculatoria Navigia
• Later –Naves Actuariae & Vectoria Navigia
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OnerariaeOnerariae• Used to transport two legions from
Gaul
• Large Sailing Vessels
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Naves LongaeNaves LongaeTrireme
• Three levels of oars per side each pulled by one man
• 62 rowers on top level, 54 rowers on middle and lower levels
• Single ram: timber attached to cutwater at foot of bow ending in point 6-7ft from stern
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Naves LongaeNaves Longae“Fours”
• 2 levels of oars with two men at each
• 88 oars
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Naves LongaeNaves Longae“Fives”
• Three levels of oars
– two men per oar in two upper levels and one man per oar in lower level
• 300 oars
• 10ft deck
• 120 troops
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Scaphae & Speculatoria Scaphae & Speculatoria NavigiaNavigia
• Used for scouting and reconnaissance
• Towed behind Onerariae
• Speculatoria Navigia– Oared – Specifically used for location and
interception– Venetian Blue
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Naves Actuariae & Vectoria Naves Actuariae & Vectoria NavigiaNavigia
• “Romano-Celtic”Modeled on Veneti Ships
Developed after the storms
• Oared and Sailed
• Flat Bottomed
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Naval TacticsNaval Tactics
• Ramming
• Snapping Oars
• Missiles
• Corvus
• Falx
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CrewCrewFound on an inscription (describing a Greek “four”):• bow officer
– regulates strokes of oarsmen • helmsmen• shipwright• assistant helmsmen• 5 @ bow and 5 @ stern• 2 catapult-men• 6 archers• masseur• doctor• oar-binder• 20 deck soldiers• 28 military personnel
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Bibliography
Caesar. Commentarii de Bello Gallico. 3.13.
Mason, David. Roman Britain and the Roman Navy. Charleston, SC: Tempus Publishing, 2003.
Morrison, J. S. Greek and Roman Oared Warships. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1996.
Peddie, John. The Roman War Machine. Gloucestershire: Allan Sutton Publishing Ltd., 1996.