cad,cam,cim
TRANSCRIPT
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CAD/CAM/CIM
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THE DESIGN PROCESS
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GEOMETRIC MODELING
•It is concerned with the use of a CAD system to
develop a mathematical description of the geometry
of an object
•The mathematical description called a model, is
contained in computer memory
•This permits the user of the CAD system to display
an image of the model on a graphics terminal and to
perform certain operations on the model
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Types
•Two – dimensional models
•Three – dimensional models
•Wire frame models
•Solid models
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Two – dimensional models
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Three – dimensional models
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Wire frame models
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Solid models
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A typical CAD system
•One or more workstations
•Processor
•Secondary storage
•Plotter and/or other output devices
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Configuration of CAD system
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CAD Design workstation
Monitor Function key
padKey boardElectronic tablet
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BASICS OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
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• Computer graphics relies on an internal model of the scene,
that is, a mathematical representation suitable for graphical
computations. The model describes the 3D shapes, layout and
materials of the scene.
• This 3D representation then has to be projected to compute a 2D
image from a given viewpoint, this is the rendering step. Rendering
involves projecting the objects (perspective), handling visibility
(which parts of objects are hidden) and computing their
appearance and lighting interactions.
• Finally, for animated sequence, the motion of objects has to be
specified.
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CAM is the use of computer systems to plan,
manage and control the operations of
manufacturing plant through either direct or
indirect computer interface with the plant’s
production resources.
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From CAM definition, the application of CAM falls into two broad categories: 1. Computer monitoring and control .
Computer
ProcessProcess data
Control signals
Computer
ProcessProcess data
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2. Manufacturing support application .
Control signalsComputer
Mfg operations
Process data
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The Manufacturing Process
The Design Process
Synthesis Analysis The CAD Process
The CAM Process
Design needs
Design definitions, specifications, and requirements
Collecting relevant design information and feasibility study
Design conceptualization
Design modeling and simulation
Design analysis
Design optimization
Design evaluation
Design documentation and communication
Process planning
Order materials
Design and procurement of new tools
Production planning
NC, CNC, DNC programming
Production
Quality control
Packaging
Marketing
Shipping
Typical Product Life Cycle
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Implementation of a Typical CAM Process on a CAD/CAM system
Geometric model
Interface algorithms
Process planning
Inspection
Assembly
Packaging
To shipping and marketing
NC programs
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Manufacturing phase Required CAM tools
Process planning CAPP techniques; cost analysis; material and tooling specification.
Part programming NC programming
Inspection CAQ; and Inspection software
Assembly Robotics simulation and programming
CAM Tools Required to Support the Design Process
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Definitions of CAD Tools Based on Their Constituents
Computer graphics concepts
Design tools
Geometric modeling
CADtools
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Definition of CAD Tools Based on Their Implementation in a Design Environment
Design tools + Computer
Hardware(control unit; display terminals; I/O devices
Software (graphics; modeling; applications programs
= CAD tools
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Definitions of CAM Tools Based on Their Constituents
Networking concepts
Mfg tools
CAD
CAMtools
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Definition of CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation in a Manufacturing Environment
Mfg tools + Computer
Hardware(control unit; display terminals; I/O devices
Software (CAD; NC; MRP; CAPP…)
= CAM tools
Networking
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Definitions of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their Constituents
Mfg tools
Networking
Design tools
Geometric modeling
Computer graphics concepts
CAD/CAMtools
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Definition of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation in an Engineering Environment
Design andMfg tools
Hardware
Software = CAD/CAM tools
Networking
+ Computer
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Geometric modeling of conceptual design
Is design evaluation Possible with available Standard software?
Design testingAnd evaluation
Is final designApplicable?
Drafting
Documentation
Process planning
Are there manufacturing discrepancies in CAD databases?
NC programming
Machining
Inspection
Assembly
Develop customized programs and packages
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Geometric modeling and graphics package
Design package
Programmingpackage
No
No
CAPP package
NCpackage
InspectionAnd Roboticspackage
Typical Utilization of CAD/CAM Systems in an Industrial Environment
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Automation and CAD/CAM
Automation can be defined as the technology
concerned with the application of complex
mechanical, electronic, and computer-based systems
in the operation and control of manufacturing
systems.
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Types of Manufacturing Systems1. Continuous-flow processes. Continuous dedicated production
of large amount of bulk product. Continuous manufacturing is represented by chemicals, plastics, petroleum, and food industries.
2. Mass production of discrete products. Dedicated production of large quantities of one product (with perhaps limited model variations). Examples include automobiles, appliances and engine blocks.
3. Batch production. Production of medium lot sizes of the same product. The lot may be produced once or repeated periodically. Examples: books, clothing and certain industrial machinery.
4. Job-shop production. Production of low quantities, often one of a kind, of specialized products. The products are often customized and technologically complex. Examples: prototypes, aircraft, machine tools and other equipment.
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Production quantity
Continuous-flow production
Mass production
Batch production
Job shop production
Product variety
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Category Automation achievements
Continuous-flow process •Flow process from beginning to end•Sensors technology available to measure important process variables •Use of sophisticated control and optimization strategies•Fully computer automated lines
Mass production of discrete products •Automated transfer machines•Dial indexing machines•Partially and fully automated assembly lines•Industrial robots for spot welding, part handling, machine loading, spray painting, etc.•Automated material handling systems•Computer production monitoring
Batch production •Numerical control (NC), direct numerical control (DNC), computer numerical control (CNC).•Adaptive control machining•Robots for arc welding, parts handling, etc.•CIM systems.
Job shop production •Numerical control, computer numerical control
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Most of the automated production systems implemented
today make use of computers. CAD/CAM in addition to its
particular emphasis on the use of computer technology, is
also distinguished by the fact that it includes not only the
manufacturing operations but also the design and planning
functions that precede manufacturing.
Computer Technology in Automation
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Advantages of CAD/CAM systems
Greater flexibility. Reduced lead times. Reduced inventories.Increased Productivity. Improved customer
service. Improved quality. Improved
communications with suppliers.
• Better product design.
• Greater manufacturing control.
• Supported integration.
• Reduced costs.• Increased
utilization.• Reduction of
machine tools.• Less floor space.
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Computer-Computer-Integrated Integrated ManufacturiManufacturing (CIM)ng (CIM)