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IEEEStd 789-1988

IEEE Standard Performance Requirements forCommunications and Control Cables forApplication in High Voltage Environments

SponsorPower Systems Communications Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering Society

Approved Ju ne 9, 1988IEEE Standards Board

@ Copyright 1989 byThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA

No par t o f th i s publ icat ion m ay be reproduced in a n y o r m ,in a n electronic retrieval syste m or otherwise,wi thout the pr ior w r i t t en permiss ion of the publisher.

Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad de los Andes. Downloaded on August 31,2012 at 22:19:58 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

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IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Com-mittees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committeesof the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve volun-tarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of theInstitute . The standards developed within IEEE represent a consensus ofthe broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well a s thoseactivities outside of IEEE which have expressed an interest in participatingin the development of the standard .

Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEEStandard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test,measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services relatedto the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expresseda t the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change broughtabout through developments in the state of the ar t and comments receivedfrom users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to reviewa t least once every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a doc-ument is more than five years old, and has not been reaffirmed, it isreasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, donot wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned tocheck to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard.Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any in-terested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. Sugges-tions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed changeof text, together with appropriate supporting comments.

Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the mean-ing of portions of standards as they relate to specific applications. Whenthe need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, theInstitute will initiate action to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEEStandards represent a consensus of all concerned in terests, it is importantto ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of abalance of interests. For this reason IEEE and the members of its technicalcommittees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretationrequests except in those cases where the matter has previously receivedformal consideration.

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Secretary, IEEE Standards Board34 5 East 47th StreetNew York, NY 10017USA

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Foreword(This Foreword is not a part of IEEE Std 789-1988, IEEE Standa rd Requirements for Communications and Control CablesWire line communications and control cables either entering electric power stations or passing

through their zone of influence are subjected to extraneous voltages that include t he longitudinallyinduced voltage as well as th e GPR voltage. The interfering voltages a re frequently higher than th einsulation withstand capability of ordinary outside-type telephone cables often used for such purposes.For more background information on these subjects the reader should refer to ANSI/IEEE Std 487-1980 [61, particularly Section 5.3 and Annex A14, which deal with these dedicated cables.

The problems of dielectric withstand become more acute where critical noninte rruptable channelsar e involved and where t he GPR is over 300 V.

This standard defines the performance requirements for communications and control cables suitablefor these classes of service.

This standard was prepared a nd approved by a Working Group of th e Wire Line Subcommittee ofthe Power Systems Communications Committee, IEEE Power Engineering Society, which had thefollowing membership at the time of approval:

for Application in High Voltage Environments.)

A. KlopfensteinL.J. Perfecky

G.Y.R.Allen, C h a i r m a nG.E. Burridge, Vice Chairman

LA. StewartR.K. Sullivan J.M. ThorsonM. TibenskyThe contributions from t he following other IEEE members at the initial and at various stages of

development is appreciated:M.J. AnnaG.L. AtyeoH.M. Hutson

T.A. KommersJ.L. LaidigW.J. LannesV.W. PehrsonG.D. Stewar tJ.J . Woods

In the ear ly stages of development of thi s standard , input was provided by the Insulated CableEngineers Association through their Messrs. E. Laing and E. Metcalf.

The following persons were on th e balloting committee tha t approved this document for submissionto the IEEE Standards Board:

M.C. Adamson D.C. Erickson D.J. MarihartG.Y.R. Allen H.J . Fiedler D.M. MortonW.P. Bart ley J.C. Ganibale G. NissenJ. Balilesco C. Gilchrist L.J. PerfeckyG.G. Beaudoin J. Gohari M.C. PerzR.W. Beckwith A. Haben P.J. PongraczW. Blair P.R. Hanson R.E. RayJ . Blose D.L. Hedrick LA. StewartS. Bogdanowicz D.R. Jern igan R.K. SullivanG. Burridge A. Klopfenstein T. SwingleJ.B. Caldwell M.J. Leib J.M. Thorson, JrT.J. Comerford H. Lensner J. TovarR.S. Curtis R.L. Linden J. WallaceH.I. Dobson M. WeinrebJ.R. Elwood J. WhJte


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ContentsSECTION PAGE1

2.

3

4.

5

General................................................................................................1.1 Scope...........................................................................................1.2 General Information .........................................................................1.2.1 Electric Power Station Environment ...............................................1.2.2 Communications Versus Control Cable Requirements ...........................

1.2.3 References .............................................................................1.3 Definitions ....................................................................................1.4 Information To Be Supplied by User ......................................................1.4.1 Operating Voltage ....................................................................

1.4.2 Operating Current ....................................................................1.4.3 Operating Frequency Range .........................................................1.4.4 Installation Methods .................................................................

Environmental Considerations .....................................................................2.1 General ........................................................................................2.2 Temperature ..................................................................................2.3 Humidity ......................................................................................2.4 Mechanical Shock ............................................................................2.5 Altitude........................................................................................2.6 Ultraviolet ....................................................................................2.7 Chemical Environment ......................................................................2.8 Fungus .........................................................................................2.9 Insects or Rodents ............................................................................2.10 Lightning......................................................................................Operating Service Conditions ......................................................................3.1 Ambient Environment Conditions .........................................................3.2 Electrical Environment Conditions ........................................................

3.2.1 E-Field .................................................................................Installation Practices................................................................................4.1 General Types of Cable Plant...............................................................4.1.1 Outdoor ................................................................................

4.1.2 Indoor ..................................................................................4.2 Interference Mitigations .....................................................................

4.2.1 Coupling to Power Cables............................................................4.2.2 Grounding .............................................................................

Cable Design Requirements ........................................................................5.15.25.35.45.55.65.75.85.95.105.11

.General ........................................................................................Conductors ....................................................................................Insulation on Conductors....................................................................Color Scheme of Conductors ................................................................Forming of Pairs .............................................................................Stranding ......................................................................................Core Wrap.....................................................................................PVC or Polyolefin Insulating Jacket .......................................................Routine Tests on All Cables.................................................................Dielectric Streng th of Cables ...............................................................Tests on Sample Pairs .......................................................................5.11.1 Conductor Resistance ...............................................................5.11.2 Resistance Unbalance ...............................................................

7777888

111111111112121212121212 121212 12121212121212131313131414 14141415151515151515151516


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SECTION PAGE5.11.3 Mutual Capacitance ................................................................. 165.11.4 Capacitance Unbalance ............................................................. 16 5.11.5 Crosstalk Loss. ....................................................................... 16 5.11.6 Longitudinal Balance ............................................................... 165.11.7 Characteristic Impedance .......................................................... 165.11.8 Attenuation .......................................................................... 165.12 Physical Requirements ...................................................................... 175.12.1 Mandrel Test ......................................................................... 17

5.13 Certified Test Report......................................................................... 175.13.1 Routine Tests ........................................................................ 175.13.2 Special Tests ......................................................................... 17

5.14 Ordering Cable ............................................................................... 175.15.1 Standard Pair Complements ....................................................... 175.15.2 Special Pair Complements.......................................................... 175.15.3 Preparation for Shipment .......................................................... 17

6. Testing and Test Methods .......................................................................... 186.1 General ........................................................................................ 186.2 Design Tests .................................................................................. 186.3 Routine Production Tests ................................................................... 186.4 Physical Tests................................................................................. 18

6.4.1 Test Temperatures .................................................................... 186.4.2 Mechanical (Dimensional) Tests .................................................... 186.4.3 Aging Tests ............................................................................ 186.4.4 Heat Shock ............................................................................ 196.4.5 Heat Distortion ....................................................................... 196.4.6 Cold Bend .............................................................................. 196.4.7 Flame Test............................................................................. 196.4.8 Tensile, Elongation, and Brittleness................................................ 196.4.9 Accelerated Water Absorption Test ................................................ 196.4.10 Chemical Resistance .................................................................. 19 6.4.11Pressurization ......................................................................... 19

6.5 . Electrical Tests ............................................................................... 196.5.1 Conductor Resistance and Resistance Unbalance ................................. 196.5.2 Insulation Resistance ................................................................. 19 6.5.3 Mutual Capacitance and Capacitance Unbalance ................................. 206.5.4 Crosstalk ............................................................................... 206.5.5 Dielectric Tests........................................................................ 206.5.6 Impulse and Surge Tests............................................................. 206.5.7 Dielectric Tests After Installation .................................................. 20

5.15 Shipping ....................................................................................... 17

ANNEXPolyolefin Compounds for Conductor Insulation and Jacke ting ..................................... 20TABLESTable 1 Nominal Characteristic Impedance at 12.8"C (55F) .................................... 17


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IEEE Standard Performance Requirements forCommunications and Control Cables forApplication in High Voltage Environments

1. General1.1 Scope. This standard applies to wires andcables, used principally for power system com-munications and control purposes, which ar e lo-cated within electric power stations or areinstalled within the zone of influence of thepower station ground potential rise (GPR), orwhich may be buried adjacent to electric powertransmission and distribution lines. They maybe subjected to high voltages either by conduc-tion or induction coupling, or both. Such voltagesare often higher than the insulation withstandcapability of ordinary telephone-type cables,which are frequently used for such purposes.This standard covers the appropriate design re-quirements, electrical and mechanical parame-ters, the testing requirements, and the handlingprocedures for cables tha t a re to be installed andoperated in high voltage environments. Coaxialand fiber optic cables are specifically excludedfrom this standard.

The objective of this standard is to specify acable that may be used to ensure the overallreliability of communications and control cablesin high voltage environments. There should bea very high probability that these cables willperform their intended function for specified pe-riods of time under high voltage interferenceconditions.In addition to the requirements of this stan-dard, all communications cables shall meet therequirements of ANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983[11',and all cables shall meet the requirements ofANSIIIEEE Std 532-1982 [8 ] . All cables shallmeet any specific requirements from any of th ereferenced standards in 1.2.3as required by th euser.

The numbers in brackets refer to those of the referenceslisted in 1.2.3.

1.2 General Information1.2.1 Electric Power Station Environment.

Electric power stations subject communicationsand control cables to a high voltage environmentsince these cables run from th e control room orother locations to remote station locations andto remote locations off the station ground gridvia trays, trenches, conduits, direct burial, etc.To limit potential differences in the station dur-ing cable and equipment faults or lightningstrokes, ground grids are installed within thestation area with station equipment, buildingframes, and structures connected to this grid.During a local or power station ground fault orfault on a power line at a location remote fromthe power station, some of th e faul t curren tflows through the ground grid and produces apotential difference, ground potential rise(GPR), along the ground grid and between th eground grid and remote earth. Communicationsand control circuits serving power stations areusually within the influence of this ground po-tential rise. This standard principally applies tocommunications and control cables that servethe power station, but may also apply to all suchcables th at ar e exposed to the effects of hostileelectrical environments because they are enter-ing th e GPR zone to serve telephone subscriberswithin the zone of influence, or because theymerely pass through the zone of influence.

In addition, these cables may be subject tomoisture, contaminated water, temperature ex-tremes, vibrations, pulling stresses, physicalcontact with other cables, etc.The basic requirement for acceptable cableperformance is tha t t he cable should have a ser-viceable life equal to the design life of the elec-tric power station, while operating a t th e designvoltage and current ratings, and while beingsubjected to th e environmental conditions prev-alen t to the power station site. When cables are

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IEEEStd 789-1988 IEEE STANDARD PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROLused that are not suitable for all applications,for example, ionizing radiation, they shall pref-erably be restricted to areas where detrimentalconditions do not exist.

1.2.2 Communications Versus Control Ca-ble Requirements. Present supplier industrystandards for telephone-type cables do not ade-quately provide for a sufficiently high cable di-electric withstand strength for their jackets andadequate testing procedures for their use withinthe influence of a n electric power station whereth e GPR is high, for example, over 1kV. By thesame token, present supplier industry standa rdsfor control-type cables do not adequately addresscommunications transmission requirements.

1.2.3 References. The following publicationsshall be used in conjunction with th is standard:[11 ANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983, Polyolefin In-sulated Communications Cables for OutdoorUse.2[2] ANSI/IEEE Std 80-1986, IEEE Guide forSafety in AC Substation G r ~ u nd i n g. ~

Standard Test Procedure for Impulse VoltageTests on Insulated Conductors.[3] ANSIIIEEE Std 82-1963 (R1971), IEEE

[4] ANSI/IEE E Std 383-1974 (R1980), IEEESta ndard for Type Test of Class 1E Electric Ca-bles, Field Splices, and Connections for NuclearPower Generating Stations.[51 ANSI / IEEE Std 455-1985, IEEE StandardTest Procedure for Measuring Longitudinal Bal-ance of Telephone Equipment Operating in theVoice Band.[6] ANSIIIEEE Std 487-1980, IEEE Guide forth e Protection of Wire Line Communications Fa-cilities Serving Electric Power Stations.[7] ANSI/IEEE Std 525-1987, IEEE Guide forthe Design and Ins tallation of Cable Systems inSubstations.

[SI ANSIIIEEE Std 532-1982, IEEE Guide forSelecting and Testing Jacke ts for Cables.[9] ASTM D257-1978 (R1983), E l Test Methodfor D-C Resistance or Conductance of Insulatingmaterial ^[101 ASTM D746-1979 (R19871, Test Method forBrittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elas-tomers by Impact.[111 ASTM D1248-1984, Specification for Polyu-rethane Plastic Molding and Extrusion Mate-rials.[12] EIA 359-A-1985, EIA Standard Colors forColor Identification and C~ d i n g . ~[131 ICEA S-19-81 (Six th Edition)/NEMAWC3-1980, Rubber-Insulated Wire and Cable forth e Transmission and Distribution of ElectricalEnergy.'[141 ICEA S-61-402 (Third Edition)/NEMAWC5-1973 (R1979), Thermoplastic-InsulatedWire and Cable for the Transmission and Dis-tribution of Electrical Energy.r 151 ICEA S-68-516 NEMA WC8-1976 (R1982),Ethylene-Propylene-Rubber-Insulated Wire andCable for the Transmission and Distribution ofElectrical Energy.

1.3 Definitions (Applicable to This Stan-dard)aerial cable. A cable for installation on a poleline or similar overhead structure tha t may beself-supporting or instal led on a supporting mes-senger (cable) and is designed to resist solarradiation and precipitation.

A self-supported aerial cable is one that in-cludes a messenger cable that has an outer

ANSI / ICEA publications may be obtained from theSales Department, American National St andards Instit ute,1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, or from th e InsulatedCable Engineers Associatiyn, PO Box 411, South Yarmouth,MA 02664.

ANSI / IEEE publications may be obtained from the SalesDepartment, American National St andards Institute, 1430Broadway, New York, NY 10018, or from the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers, Service Center, Pis-cataway, NJ 08854-1331.

ASTM publications may be obtained from the Sales De-partment, American Society of Testing and Materials, 1916Race St, Philadelphia, PA 19103.5EIA publications may be obtained from Electronic In-dustries Association, 1722 Eye St NW, Suite 300, Washing-ton, DC 20006.

ICEA/ NEMA publications may be obtained from ICEAor from the National Electrical Manufacturers Association,2101 L St NW, Washington, DC 20037.

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CABLES FOR APPLICATION IN HIGH VOLTAGE ENVIRONMENTS IEEEStd 789-1988jacket t ha t covers the messenger and th e shield.The messenger is available for support, gripping,pulling, and tensioning.attenuation. A general term used to denote adecrease in magnitude in transmission from onepoint t o another.(dB per unit length = 8.686 nepers per unitlength) can be derived as follows from t he elec-trical characteristics of a balanced cable pairthat are given by the following relations:

y =a +j P =WYpropagation

a = attenuation, nepers per unit length

coefficient)R +j w LJ C + jw CZ . = C Y =

= characteristic impedance, see 1.3.13Z,y =Z =R + j w L

y l Z , = Y =G +jw Cwhere

P =z=Y =R =L =G =c=w =

In the

phase shift, radians per unit lengthR + w L = series impedance, ohms perunit lengthG +j wC = parallel admittance, ohmsper unit lengthseries resistance, ohms per loop unitlengthseries inductance, henrys per loop unitlengthparallel conductance, ohms per unitlengthmutual capacitance, farads per unitlength2.rrf I , where P is the frequency in hertzequation y =a +jP it may be shown

that in terms of the distributed parameters R,L, G, and C:

GwL +RwC] nepers per mileR G = 2'LCAt high frequencies this equation may be ex-pressed asa '/2 G + 1/ 2 R JEE epers per unit

lengthAt low frequencies this equation may be ex-premed as

a =JwRC/2 nepers per unit lengthburied cable (direct buried). A cable for in-stallation under the surface of the ea rth in sucha manner that it cannot be removed withoutdisturbing the soil. It is designed for direct buria lin th e ea rth to withstand submersion in groundwater, the pressure of back fill material, and inspecial applications, to withstand the gnawingof burrowing rodents.cable. An insulated conductor or combinationof electric conductors tha t are insulated fromeach other. A shield is usually provided.cable armor. A metallic element or envelopeinserted in or around a cable shea th to providemechanical protection against rodents, severeinstallation conditions, etc.cable core. The core of a cable is the cylindricalcente r consisting of insulated conductors usuallytwisted together in pairs and pairs arranged to-gether in groups that lie under the sheath.cable filler. The material used in multiple-paircables to occupy the interstices formed by theassembly of t he insulated conductors, and toform a cable core of the desired shape (usuallycircular). A material may be used that resiststhe entrance of water (nonhydroscopic) and ion-izes at a higher voltage than air.cable jacket. A thermoplastic or thermosettingcovering that is extruded over a cable t o providephysical protection and electrical insulation.

(1) inner jacket. A jacket that is extrudedover the cable core covering to provide addi-tional dielectric str ength when it is needed be-tween the conductors and the shield. An innerjacket may be used in cables that are used fordirect bur ial and also where high ground poten-tial rise is to be withstood.

(2) outer jacket. A jacket that is extrudedover the cable shield. It also may be extrudedover both the shield and a supporting messengercable.cable sheath. The outer covering over the in-sulated conductors to provide mechanical andelectrical protection for the conductors. In tele-phone-type cables the sheath usually includes ashield and may include armor.cable shield. A conducting envelope, composedof meta l strands, ribbon or sheet metal tha t en-closes a wire, group of wires, or cablp, sa cnn-

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IEEEStd' 789-1988 IEEE STANDARD PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FO R COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROLstructed that substantially every point on the insulated, twisted, paired and/or quadded,surface of the underlying insulation or core wrap shielded or unshielded conductors ranging fromis at ground potential or at some predetermined No 19 to No 26 AWG, ith either a shielded orpotentia l with respect to ground. unshielded sheath .capacitance unbalance, pair to ground-CUB,p ~ .he unbalance that exists between thecapacitance of each conductor of pair ab to thegrounded shield with all the other conductorsconnected to the shield. This is: CUB,p~ =(Cug+Cap)- Cbg+Cbp),where Cug and Cbg arecapacitances between each conductor (a an d b )to ground and Ca p and Cbp are capacitancesbetween each conductor (U and b ) and all otherpairs connected together and grounded.

control cable. A cable that usually carries rel-atively low current levels used for indicationpurposes to change the operating status of autilization device of a plant auxiliary system. Acontrol cable usually consists of two or moreinsulated, unpaired, shielded or unshielded con-ductors. Sizes may be No 22, 20, 19, 18, or 16A W G olid and No 14,12,10,or 9 A W G trandedor solid conductor. Control cable conductor in-sulation usually has voltage ratings of 300,600,or 1000 V rms, 50-60 Hz.dedicated cable. A cable containing only pairscapacitance unbalance, pair to pair- CUB, p .The unbalance in capacitance that exists be- - 1 -tween each conductor in a pair (ab) o each con-

ductor in another pair (cd). This is: CUB, p =(Cad +Cbc) - (Cac +Cbd), where Cue, Cad,Cbc, and Cbd are direct capacitances betweenconductors.

servicing an electric power station. It is installedat any station with ground potential rise (GPR )above a given level, for example, 300 V rms, andwill have a core and jacket dielectric capabilitysuitable to withstand worst fault-produced volt-

characteristic impedance. The ratio of thecomplex value of voltage between the conductorsto the complex value of cur rent on the conduc-tors in the same transverse plane with the signso chosen that the r eal part is positive.

The characteristic impedance can be calcu-lated using the following equation:R +jwLG +jwC (ohm)where

Yo=characteristic admittance of line in SR =resistance of line in ohms/loop unit

age stress.inside communications cables. A telephone-type cable intended for indoor use that is notdesigned to withstand solar radiation or precip-itation and may or may not be shielded.instrumentation cable. A cable that carrieslow level electric energy from a transducer to ameasuring or controlling device. It may be usedin environments such as high temperature , highradiat ion levels, and high electromagnetic fields.An instrument cable may consist of a group oftwo o r more paired or unpaired, shielded or un-shielded, solid or str anded insulated conductors.

length longitudinal balance. The rat io of the disturb-ing longitudinal rms voltage (V,) o ground andnetwork under test, expressed i n decibels as fol-lows: longitudinal balance = 20 log10 Vs/Vm

G =conductance of line in S/ un it lengthC=capacitance of line in F/unit lengthW= frequency in ra dians per secondL =inductance Of line in H/lOOPunit length the resulting metallic rms voltage (Vm) f the

color code. A system of standard colors usedfor identification of conductors. Colors identifythe tip and ring conductors in pairs of a com-munications cable. Combinations of colors iden-with threads or tapes that are identified withcolor bands or with unit numbers and the namesof the colors.communications cable. A cable that carries alow level of electric energy used for the trans-mission of communication frequencies. A tele-phone-type cable consists of two or more, solid,

(in dB), where vs an d vm are at the-same fre-quencymutual capacitance. The capacitance betweentwo conductors in a pair when the rate of changebut opposite in sign, and the potentials of theremaining conductors in the cable are held con-stant.tip and ring wires. The pair of conductors as-sociated with the transmission portions of tele-phone cables, circuits, and a ppara tus.

tify the pair numbers, Pair groups are bound of the charges on th e twoare equal in magnitude

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IEEEStd 789-1988 IEEE STANDARD PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROLthese cables would be double jacketed and filledand, generally, would be buried a minimum of610 mm (24 in ) below grade with 150 mm (6 in)minimum of sand above and below the cables.At a road crossing within the power station,where vehicular passage can be expected, ap-propriate mechanical protection such as woodenplanking or modular 50 mm (2 n) thick concreteslabs may be placed at grade level above thedirect buried cable.

2. Environmental Considerations2.1 General. Communications and control ca-bles used in the high voltage environment of anelectric power station or t ha t a re exposed to theinfluences of such stations o r high voltage powerlines are subject to widely varying physical, elec-trical, and mechanical conditions. Often theseenvironmental conditions are in the extremeand, therefore, such cables must be capable ofwithstanding all of the following conditions.2.2 Temperature. Usual ambient temperaturerange is minus 20C to plus 55C. Unusual con-ditions of temperature must be specified by theuser.2.3 Humidity. Humidity range is from 0% to100% an d/ or immersion in water to a depth of1 m (3 ft).2.4 Mechanical Shock. At minus 40"C, the ca-ble should not be damaged from mechanicalshock equal t o a 4 J impact test.2.5 Altitude. The cable should be capable ofoperating at altitudes between minus 200m (650f t ) and plus 4000 (13 120 f t ) relative to sea level.2.6 Ultraviolet.The cable, if located outdoors,shall have a minimum 25 year life under max-imum solar radiation conditions.2.7 Chemical Environment. Cable shall notsusta in damage in an environment a s defined inASTM D1248-1984 [ l l ] o r low or medium den-sity polyethylene and PVC.2.8 Fungus. The outer cable jacket shall havefungus-resistent properties equal to or betterthan that of medium or low density polyethyl-ene.

2.9 Insects or Rodents. In a reas where insector rodent damage is possible, special mechanicalprotective precautions, th at is, armor or specialinsulating compounds shall be indicated by theuser if required.2.10 Lightning. Lightning environment is de-scribed in ANSI/IEEE Std 487-1980 [6].

Cable shall not be damaged by ten applica-tions of a standard impulse 1.2 x 50 ps testwave at 2 s intervals. This test wave shall beapplied as described i n Sections 5 and 6.

3. Operating Service Conditions3.1 Ambient Environment Conditions.Refert o Section 2. Unusual conditions and other en-vironmental conditions (eg, radiation) outsidethe specified limits shall be reported to the man-ufacturer so tha t appropriate changes in ratingsmay be considered.3.2 Electrical Environment Conditions.Com-munications and control-type cables are directlyexposed to interfering voltages, transients, an dharmonics when they a re in proximity to powerconductors or power stations.

Three forms of coupling must be considered:magnetic (inductive) coupling, electric (capaci-tive) coupling, and conductive (resistive) cou-pling.

The magnitude of interference will be deter-mined by the influence of the power lines, thesusceptibility of the cables, and t he couplingmechanisms.

3.2.1 E-Field (Electric Field Intensity).Ca-ble insulating materials should withstand 10kV /m (E-field) continuously without damage.

4. Installation Practices4.1 General Types of Cable Plant

4.1.1 Outdoor. Installation of communica-tions or control cables, located entirely outsideof power station buildings, can be one of thefollowing types.4.1.1.1 Overhead (Aerial) Joint Use.Joint use means the supporting of power linesand communications or control cables on thesame struct ure (each installation may be ownedby separate utilities).

4.1.1.2 Overhead (Aerial) Nonjoint Use.Nonjoint use means communications or controlcables supported by their own separate struc-tures.

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CABLES FOR APPLICATION IN HIGH VOLTAGE ENVIRONMENTS IEEEStd 789-19884.1.1.3 Underground Joint Use. In under-

ground cable plants, joint use means th e shar ingof common pedestals, trenches, rights of way,duct systems, etc, between power cables andcommunications or control cables. Furthermore ,they could have the following:

(1 )Planned separation: power cables andcommunications or control cables are main-tained at a fixed or minimum horizontal andvertical separation(2) Random separat ion: the variable separa-tion that results when power cables and com-munications or control cables are installed in acommon trench at approximately the samedepth with no effort to maintain a fixed or min-imum separation, which means there may bezero separation between the cables at somepoints in the run4.1.1.4 Underground Nonjoint Use. Com-munications or control cables in separate un-derground structures or facilities.4.1.2 Indoor. Communications or control ca-bles located inside the power station buildingsare generally installed in cable trays and ver-tical risers, segregated and separated frompower cables, and, where necessary, to providean additional isolation or mechanical protection,in separa te conduits.4.2 Interference Mitigations. Communica-tions and control-type cables, especially thosewith low signal levels, may require shielding andsegregation from power cables and the use ofbalanced twisted pairs to preserve the integrityof the transmit ted signal.

4.2.1 Coupling to Power Cables4.2.1.1 Capacitive Coupling

(1) Capacitive shielding: Capacitive couplingof communications and control cables to highvoltage cables is reduced by electrostatic shield-ing provided by a grounded conductor(s) placedbetween or enclosing power and /or communi-cations cables.(2 capacitive balance: To minimize capaci-tive coupling of energy into communications andcontrol circuits, both conductors of a pair shouldhave equal or balanced capacitance to the me-tallic shield and to other conductors in the cable.4.2.1.2 Inductive Coupling. Electromag-netic flux caused by power current or rapidlychanging transient currents in power circuitscpuples energy into conductors of a communi-cations or control cable by electromagnetic in-duction. This is reduced by shielding, bonding,and separation.

(1) Electromagnetic shielding: Electromag-netic shielding, for example, is provided by con-ductor(s) near communications and controlconductors, by the current induced into themand the cable shield and /o r messenger, the spin-ning or lashing wire(s) if they are adequatelygrounded. This cur ren t causes a counteractingelectromagnetic flux that reduces the effect ofthe source flux. The shielding characteristic ofa shield conductor(s) , for example, is increasedif its longitudinal and terminal reactances andresistances are made low so as to minimize theground loop impedance.( 2 ) Lon gi tud inal balance: The interfering ef-fects of inductive coupling into a cable are min-imized, as may be required by the user, if theconductors of the circuit in the cable have equalreactance, and resistance to ground. Conversionof the longitudinally induced voltage (commonmode voltage) into transverse or metallic volt-age (differential mode voltage) will be mini-mized if conductors in a pair have balancedelectrical characteristics.4.2.1.3 Resistive Coupling. Resistive cou-pling occurs between power circuits and com-munication or control circuits due to resistivecoupling of each to ground. Connections toground are made by Y-grounded connectedthree-phase power circuits at supply or load ter-minals. Under fau lt conditions or where a n ex-treme unbalance exists on the power system,connections can be made to ground from surgearresters and protectors applied to both powerand communications or control circuits, or bydirect contact or a n arc.

Resistive coupling between power and com-munications or control circuits is minimizedwhen the earth is not used deliberately as acommunications circuit return path. Resistivecoupling is increased due to the reduction ininsulation resistance to ground with aging ofpower, communications and control cable insu-lation, and because of the reduction or failurein the insulation resistance to ground in surgearresters and protectors.

(1) Protection against resistive coupling: Re-sistive coupling is reduced by providing protec-tion for communications and control cableinsulation to ground. This is done by limitingvoltage to ground and voltage between conduc-tors with surge protector gaps. Optimum pro-tection is provided by a high ratio of insulationvoltage withstand level to the protective gapvoltage limit level.

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( 2 ) Insulation resistance unbalance: The re-sistive coupling of energy into communicationsand control circuits is increased if the resistanceof each conductor of a circuit t o the groundedshield or she ath through conductor insulation isnot equal. Defective protectors having unequalvoltage limiting characteristics will increase re-sistive coupling to power circuits.

4.2.2 Grounding.In hazardous locations anddepending on the protection schemes, standardgrounding practices may not apply and refer-ence should be made to ANSI / IEEE Std 80-1986[a ] and to ANSI/ IEEE Std 487-1980 [6].

4.2.2.1 Ground Isolation Within theZone of Influence of a Power Station.To min-imize coupling between power cables and com-munications or control cables enter ing the zoneof influence of a GPR from a remote point, cablesincluding thei r messengers and shields shall beeffectively isolated and/or insulated fromground throughout the zone of influence. Suchcables are usually terminated at a high voltageprotective interface cabinet and their shields arenot to be grounded at th at point except throughsurge protective devices. The inte rnal or station-side supplementary protective devices are to beconnected to station ground.

4.2.2.2 Grounding Outside the Zone ofInfluence.To minimize coupling between powercables and communications or control cablesoutside the zone of influence, shielding shall beeffectively grounded at intervals of no greaterthan 300 m (1000 f t ) .Effective grounding outside the zone of influ-ence of a power station should have resistance(impedance) t o earth of less th an 20 a.

4.2.2.3 Bonding Inside the Power Sta-tion. The effective ground of the power stationshould have resistance t o the ear th of less than0.5 if at all possible.4.2.2.4 Isolation and Insulation BetweenShields of Cables Inside and Outside theZone of Influence. If the option of remote

drainage protection is deemed desirable (ANSI /IEEE Std 487-1980[6]),solation and insulationare provided between the cable shields locatedinside and outside the zone of influence of apower station.

5. Cable Design Requirements5.1 General

5.1.1 This standard covers the requirementsfor multipair, No 19, 22, 24, and 26 AWG poly-

olefin insulated, PVC or polyolefin jacketed,shielded telephone or communications-type ca-ble, as well as paired or nonpaired, shielded ornonshielded, control-type cables, solid orstranded, No 9 to 19 AWG, for use in high groundpotential rise (GPR) zone of influence areas , forexample, over 300 V.5.1.2 The preferred pair count in any com-munications-type cable manufactured to thisspecification should be one of the following: 3,6, 11, 12, 16, 18, 25 , 37, 50, 75, an d 100 pairs.5.1.3 Other pair complements, paired or non-paired, shielded or nonshielded, and other wiregauges, particularly for control-type cables,should be available as specified. Performancerequirements and testing will vary in accord-ance with any specific user requirements.

5.1.4 These cables ar e intended fo r use withinthe zone of influence of an electric power stationor other high voltage environments where theGPR does not exceed 10 kV rms symmetrical.Where the GPR is above 10 kV, specially de-signed cables are required.

5.1.5 The quality of the materials used andthe methods of manufacture, handling, and ship-ment shall be such as to ensure, for the completecable, all the properties called for in this stan-dard.5.2 Conductors. Each conductor shal l be solid,round wire (o r equivalent s tranded) of commer-cially pure annealed copper and shall meet therequirements of ANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983[11.5.2.1 Factory joints shall be avoided as muchas possible.

5.2.2 Joints in the conductor prior to insulat-ing shall be made by butt welding or by buttingtogether the two ends of the conductor and braz-ing with silver alloy solder. If a flux is used itmust be nonacidic.

5.2.3 The finished joint shall be free of lumpsand sha rp projections.

5.2.4 The resistance of any 150 mm (6 in ) sec-tion of a conductor, including a factory joint,shall no t be more than 105% of the resistanceof a n adjacent 150 mm ( 6 in ) section of a solidconductor without a joint.5.3 Insulation of Conductors

5.3.1 Each conductor shall be insulated withcolored polyolefin to meet the electrical require-ments of ANSI / ICEA s-56-534-1983 [11.

5.3.2 The polyolefin and PVC shall meet therequirements of ANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983[11.

IEEEStd 789-1988 IEEE STANDARD PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL

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CABLES FOR APPLICATION IN HIGH VOLTAGE ENVIRONMENTS IEEEStd 789-1988Pigments used to color the polyolefin shall becompatible with the insulation and the antiox-idant.5.4 Color Scheme of Conductors

5.4.1 The color scheme used in this cable cor-responds to tha t used in even PIC telephonecable (that is, in the color scheme used in EIA359-A-1985 [121 and ANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983[ l l ) .5.4.2 The colors used shall be readily distin-guishable under normal installation conditions.5.5 Forming of Pairs

5.5.1 The insulated conductors shall betwisted into pairs.

5.5.2 The lengths of twist for the individualpairs shall be such as to provide the requiredcharacteristics an d to provide a cable meetingthe capacitance unbalance requirements.

5.5.3 Defects detected prior to shea thing shallbe repaired as in regular plastic-insulated-con-ductor (PIC)-type cable core.5.6 Stranding. The pairs shall be stranded to-gether to form the cable core.5.7 Core Wrap. A core wrap (that is, polyester)shall be used such that (a) is suitable for theapplication, ( b) acts as an adequate heat barrierto the core, and (c ) gives, with th e PVC or po-lyolefin shea th or jacket, an adequate dielectricstrength to pass the requirements of ANSI/ICEA S-56-534-1983[11.5.8 PVC or Polyolefin Insulating Jacket

5.8.1 A PVC or polyolefin jacket shall be ap-plied over the cable core. The compound usedshall be of a n outdoor grade suitable for aerialor direct buried use. It shall have characteristicssuch that the electrical requirements of thisstandard will be met. The polyolefin or PVCmaterial shall meet t he requirements of ANSI /ICEA S-56-534-1983 11. The choice of either po-lyolefin or PVC for th e jacket shall be at theusers option.

5.8.2 An alternative form of constructioncould consist of a n industry standard type ofcommunications cable, aluminum shielded,coated, or noncoated, to which has been addedan additional (separate) jacket or either poly-olefin or PVC to achieve the assurance of thedielectric withstand test for the total cablejacket. This outer jacket should then have some

continuous identifying feature to differentiate itfrom standard cable.5.9 Routine Tests on All Cables

5.9.1 Each and every individual length or reelof cable will be subject to tests prior to shippingas per Section 6 and as per ANSI/ICEA S-56-

5.9.2 No cable is acceptable th at has a n open534-1983[11.

circuit in any conductor or shield.5.10 Dielectric Strength of Cables

5.10.1 The minimum dielectric strength be-tween al l adjacent conductors in nonfilled cablesshall be 4.5 kVdc for 19 AWG, 3.6 kVdc for 22AWG, 3.0 kVdc for 24 AWG, and 2.4 kVdc for26 AWG for 3 s.

The minimum dielectric strength between alladjacent conductors in filled cables shall be 7.0kVdc for 19 AWG, 5.0 kVdc for 22 AWG, 4.0kVdc for 24 AWG, and 2.8 kVdc for 26 AW G for3 s.

5.10.2 The minimum dielectric strength be-tween all conductors, connected in parallel toshield, shall be 20 kVdc for 3 s for filled cablesand 10 kVdc for 3 s for nonfilled cables.

5.10.3 For both filled and nonfilled cables thedielectric strength between all conductors con-nected in parallel with the shield and groundshall be 30 kVdc for 3 s. Ground in this caseshall be either a salt water bath or a closelyfitting ring die through which the cable lengthshall be passed.

5.10.4 No cable is acceptable that has a di-electric failure.5.11 Tests on Sample Pairs. The manufac-turer of the cable shall be responsible for main-taining control of the following electricalcharacteristics. Special tests on sample pairsshall be conducted as per Section 6 or modifiedas per instructions from the purchaser.

Statistical quality control procedures will beused to comply with th e intent of this specifi-cation. The level of testing specified in Section6 will be used as an initial guide; however, withadditional experience this may be reduced bymutual agreement between the purchaser andthe supplier.5.11.1 Conductor Resistance

5.11.1.1 The maximum direct-current re-27.6 ohms per kilometer (44.4ohms per mile)for 19 AWG

sistance permitted to all conductors shall be:

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IEEEStd 789-1988 IEEE STANDARD PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL55.4 ohms per kilometer (89.1 ohms per mile)for 22 AWG87.6 ohms per kilometer (140.9 ohms per uni t)for 24 AWG141.1 ohms per kilometer (227 ohms per mile)for 26 AWG[corrected to 20C (68"F)l5.11.1.2 The maximum direct-current re-28.5 ohms per kilometer (45.8 ohms per mile)for 19 AWG57.1 ohms per kilometer (91.9 ohms per mile)for 22 AWG90.2 ohms per kilometer (145.2 ohms per mile)for 24 AWG144.4 ohms per kilometer (232.3 ohms permile) for 26 AWG[corrected to 20C (68"F)l5.11.2 Resistance Unbalance. The resist-

ance unbalance of any pair should be as low aspossible, consistent with normal manufacturingpractices, and shall meet all the requirements

sistance permitted t o any conductor shall be:

of ANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983[11.5.11.3 Mutual Capacitance

5.11.3.1 The average mutual capacitance ofany cable at 20C (68F) shall be as close as pos-sible to a value of 0.052 pF per kilometer (0.083pF per mile) and shall meet al l the requirements

5.11.3.2 The maximum average mutual ca-pacitance of any cable shall be 0.059 pF perkilometer (0.095 pF per mile).

5.11.3.3 The tests t o determine compliancewith the above mutual capacitance require-ments will be made as specified in Section 6.

5.11.3.4 If the average mutual capacitanceof the tested pairs selected exceeds 0.057 pF perkilometer (0.093 pF per mile), all the remainingpairs shall be tested to determine the cable av-erage.

of ANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983[11.

5.11.4 Capacitance Unbalance5.11.4.1 The cable shall meet all the re-

quirements of ANSI /ICEA s-56-534-1983[11. Inevery length of cable, capacitance unbalance be-tween any two pairs in a cable shall not exceed150 pF for a 457 m (1500 f t ) length, except aspermitted in the s tandard.5.1 1.4.2 High capacitance unbalances per-

missible as per ANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983 [11shall be identified with a sleeve at both ends. Alinen tag marked H-PrPr may be substituted forthe sleeve.

5.11.5 Crosstalk Loss. The rms output-to-output far-end crosstalk loss between pairs in a

completed cable as measured at a frequency of150 kHz shall be not less than 67.8 dB/km (109dB/mi). The rms calculation shall be based onthe combined total of all adjacent and a lte rnat epair, connections within the same layer and cen-ter to first layer pair, combinations. The rmscrosstalk loss in dB is the number of dB corre-sponding to the rms crosstalk voltage ratio. Ifthe crosstalk loss is Kf dB at a frequency f, fora length Lo, t can be determined for any otherlength or frequency by the formula

I Lcrosstalk loss =Kf - 20 loglo - - 10 loglo-(dB) f o L oCrosstalk shal l be measured as per ANSI / ICEA

5.11.6 Longitudinal Balance. Longitudinalbalance is a composite of some of the other per-formance requirements as given in ANSI / ICEAS-56-534-1983 [11, that is, mutual capacitance,capacitance and resistance unbalance, etc. It isintended t o aid the cable user by providing asingle characteristic by which to check the per-formance of a cable.An approximate classification of longitudinalbalance is shown below:

S-56-534-1983 [11.

POOR 40 dB (less th an)FAIR 40 to 50 dBGOOD 50 to 60 dBEXCELLENT 60 dB (greater than)

These values should be obtained as per thestandard test procedures and conditions of5.11.7 Characteristic Impedance. Imped-

ance versus frequency characteristics of com-munication cables for representative wire sizesshall be similar to the typical values shown inTable 1.

5.1 1.8 Attenuation (Transmission Loss).The anticipated average attenuation of variouscable designs when measured at a frequency of1000 Hz at 20C sha ll be as shown below:

ANSI / IEEE Std 455-1985 [51.

Conductor size (AWG): 19 22Attenuation (dB/kM): 0.75-0.80 1.10-1.15at 1 kHz @ 20'CConductor size (AWG): 24 26Attenuation (dB/kM): 1.40-1.45 1 O - 1.85at 1 kHz @ 20C

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CABLES FOR APPLICATION IN HIGH VOLTAGE ENVIRONMENTS IEEEStd 789-1988Table 1Nominal Characteristic Impedance at 12.8"C(55F)

ConductorSize CharacteristicsFrequency ImpedanceAWG (mm) kHz Ohm19 (0.9) 1 40210 14348 11022 (0.64) 1 56810 18748 11724 (0.5) 1 71410 22948 12826 (0.4 1 90310 28748 146

5.12 Physical Requirements5.12.1 Mandrel Test

5.12.1.1 Finished cables shal l be capable ofbeing wound onto a mandrel of diameter indi-cated below, so that the minimum number oftur ns of cable applied is not less tha n that givenby the formula

LXN = -

whereN =number of turns of cableL = length of mandrel traverse in mm (in)X =maximum outside diameter of cable in

In determining compliance with this require-ment, a minimum of 12 turns of cable shal l beapplied to th e mandrel.

Cable Pair Size Mandrel Diameter50 pairs or less51 to 100 pairs

mm (in)

150 mm ( 6 in)250 mm (10 in)101 pairs 8z over Use the formulaabove to establishmandrel diameter5.12.1.2 Cables as specified in 5.1.1shall be

capable of withstanding the dielectric strengthrequirements of 5.10.1 after performing themandrel test.5.13 Certified Test Report. A certified test re-port covering the user's specified tests shall becompleted for each length of cable and shall in-clude data on the following as may be requiredby the user.

5.13.1 Routine Tests(11 Continuity (indicate test requirements(2) Dielectric Strength (indicate test re-

satisfied).quirements satisfied).

5.13.2 Special TestsConductor resistance(average of conductors tested and maximumresistance)Resistance unbalance(average of pairs tested and maximum value)Mutual capacitance(average of pairs tested)Capacitance unbalance(average of adjacent pairs and maximumvalue)

5.14 Ordering Cable. Procurement of cableshall state that the cable should be manufac-tured per this standard and should show thefollowing information:(1)Total length (with tolerance specified)( 2 ) Number of pairs, st randing, shielding, andgauge( 3 ) Minimum and maximum shipping lengthsin which it is possible to use a cable withoutsplicing5.15 Shipping

5.15.1 Standard Pair Complements5.15.1.1 Cable, with t he standa rd pair com-

plements specified in Section 5, shall be manu-factured in the longest convenient lengthspossible depending upon purchaser's require-ments.

5.15.1.2 The drum of each shipping reelshall be wrapped with heavy paper and the fina llayer of cable on each reel shal l also be wrappedwith heavy paper.

5.15.1.3 All cable reels shall be shipped suit-ably lagged or wrapped to afford protection tothe cable during transportation.

5.15.1.4 The inner and outer ends of thecables on a reel shall be readily accessible fortesting purposes.

5.15.2 Special Pair Complements. Cables,with special pair complements, shall be manu-factured in the length ordered.

5.15.3 Preparation for Shipment5.15.3.1 Cable ends shall be sealed to keepmoisture out of the cable core during transpor-tation between supplier's plant and destination.5.15.3.2 Each reel shall be plainly markedwith the length, number of pairs, and gauge of

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IEEEStd 789-1988 IEEE STANDARD PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROLthe cable it contains, and such other informationas may be specified on the order.

6. Testing and Test Methods6.1 General. All cables shall be tested at thefactory to determine thei r compliance with t herequirements given in Section 5 .When there isa conflict between the test methods given in Sec-tion 6 and publications of other organizations towhich reference is made, th e requirements givenin Section 6 shall apply.

Tests shall consist of the following, as re-quired, namely (1 )design or qualification testson selected samples, and (2 ) routine productiontests on entire lengths of completed cables.

The test methods described in Section 6 arenot completely applicable to all types of cables,nor do they include every test applicable to aparticular type of wire or cable. To determinewhich tests ar e to be made, refer to the parts inthis standard tha t set forth th e requirements tobe met by the particular material or type ofcable.

6.2 Design Tests. Tests on samples shall bemade on samples selected at random. Each testsample shall be taken from the accessible endof different coils or reels. Each coil or reel se-lected and the corresponding sample shall beidentified. The number and lengths of samplesshall be specified under the individual tests. Theextent of the design tests shall be by agreement.Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 6.4and 6.5 and as per ANSI/ICEA S-56-534-1983,or other referenced standards.

6.3 Routine Production Tests. Tests shall beconducted on samples or full reels as specifiedand shall consist of both physical and electricaltests. Routine production tests shall be madecovering the following:

(1) Wire gauge(2) Insulation thickness(3) Verification of length of pair twist*(4) Cold bend*(5) Water absorption*(6) Conductor resistance and resistance un-balance(7) Insulation resistance(8 ) Mutual capacitance and capacitance un-balance

(9) Dielectric testsconductor to conductor- conductors to shield- conductors and shield to ground

NOTE: Tests * should be considered as optional at pur-chaser's request.

6.4 Physical Tests6.4.1 Test Temperatures. Physical tests on

samples shall be made at room temperature notless than 20C (68F) or more than 28C (82.4"F).The test specimens shall be kept at room tem-perature for not less than 30 minutes prior tothe test.

6.4.2 Mechanical (Dimensional) Tests6.4.2.1 Conductor Tests6.4.2.1.1 Cross-Sectional Area Deter-mination. The test procedure shall be in ac-

cordance with section 6.3.2 of ICEA S-68-516/6.4.2.1.2 Diameter Determination. The

test procedure shall be in accordance with sec-tion 6.3.3 of ICEA S-68-516 NEMA WC8-19766.4.2.2 Thickness Measurements for In-sulation and Nonmetallic Jackets. The pro-

cedure for measuring the thickness ofinsulations and nonmetallic jacket shall be inaccordance with section 6.5 of ICEA S-68-516

6.4.2.3 Thickness of Jute Beddings andServings. Testing shall be in accordance withsection 6.13 of ICEA S-68-516/NEMA WC8-1976

6.4.2.4 Thickness of Metallic Tapes. Test-ing shall be in accordance with section 6.14 of

6.4.2.5 Thickness of Metallic Sheaths.Testing shal l be in accordance with section 6.15

6.4.2.6 Thickness of Compound-FilledTape. Testing shall be in accordance with sec-tion 6.10.1 of ICEA S-19-81/ NEMA WC3-1980

6.4.2.7 Verification of Color Code andIdentification Marker. Visual inspection shal lbe made to determine conformance with colorcoding of binders, core coverings, and identifi-cation markers.

6.4.2.8 Verification of Maximum Lengthof Pair Twist.Pair twist measurement shall bemade on pairs i n th e finished cable.6.4.3 Aging Tests. The aging tests shall be

NEMA WC8-1976 [151.

~151.

NEMA WC8-1976 [151.

[w.ICEA S-68-516/NEMA WC8-1976 [151.

of ICEA S-68-516 NEMA WC8-1976 [151.

~ 1 3 1 .

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CABLES FOR APPLICATION IN HIGH VOLTAGE ENVIRONMENTS IEEEStd 789-1988made in accordance with section 6.10 of ICEA

6.4.2.6 Thickness of Compound-FilledTape. Testing shall be in accordance with sec-tion 6.10.1 of ICEA S-19-81 NEMA WC3-1980

6.4.2.7 Verification of Color Code andIdentification Marker. Visual inspection shallbe made to determine conformance with colorcoding of binders, core coverings, and identifi-cation markers.

6.4.2.8 Verification of Maximum Lengthof Pair Twist. Pair twist measurements shallbe made on pairs in the finished cable.6.4.3 Aging Tests. The aging tests shall be

made in accordance with section 6.10 of ICEA6.4.4 Heat Shock. Testing shall be in accord-ance with section 6.4.13 of ICEA S-61-402/6.4.5 Heat Distortion. Testing shall be in ac-

cordance with section 6.17 of ICEA S-68-516/

S-68-516/NEMA WC8-1976 [151.

~131.

S-68-516 NEMA WC8-1976 [151.

NEMA WC5-1973 [141.NEMA WC8-1976 [151.

6.4.6 Cold Bend6.4.6.1 On Polyvinyl-Chloride Insula-tion on Conductors. Testing shall be in ac-

cordance with section 6.4.15.1 of ICEA S-61-402/NEMA WC5-1973 [141.6.4.6.2 On Thermoplastic Jackets. Test-

ing shall be in accordance with section 6.19.3 of6.4.7 Flame Test. Testing shall be in accord-

ance with section 2.5 of ANSIIIEEE Std 383-1974 [4]. '6.4.8 Tensile, Elongation, and Brittleness6.4.8.1 Tensile Strength Test. Testing

shall be in accordance with section 6.6 of ICEA6.4.8.2 Elongation Test. Testing shall be

in accordance with section 6.8 of ICEA S-68-5166.4.8.3 Brittleness. Testing shall be deter-mined in accordance with ASTM D-746-1979

[l o] , using Specimen A.6.4.9 Accelerated Water Absorption Test.Testing shall be in accordance with section 6.9

ICEA S-19-81 NEMA WC3-1980 [131.

S-68-516/NEMA WC8-1976 [151.

NEMA WC8-1976 [151.

of ICEA S-19-81 NEMA WC3-1980 [131.6.4.10 Chemical Resistance

6.4.10.1 Ozone Resisting Test. Testingshall be in accordance with section 6.8 of ICEA

6.4.10.2 Environmental Cracking. Test-ing shall be in accordance with section 6.19 ofS-19-81 NEMA WC3-1980 [131.

ICEA S-68-516/NEMA WC8-1976 [151.

6.4.11 Pressurization. The test used to de-termine the ability of th e inner jacket to holdpressure shall be conducted by applying pres-sure to t he inner jacket over the conductor pairsto an equilibrium pressure of 62 to 124 kPa (9to 18psi) gauge. After equilibrium is determinedby th e pressure gauges at each end of the reel,the pressure shall be allowed to stand for a pe-riod of at least 4 hours. To determine that theinner jacket has no holes or weak section, thepressure drop shall be less than 6.87 kPa (1.0psi) gauge.6.5 Electrical Tests6.5.1 Conductor Resistance and Resist-ance Unbalance. Conductor resistance and re-sistance unbalance shall be determined as perANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983[11.

6.5.2 Insulation Resistance6.5.2.1 Test Apparatus. The test appa-ra tus shall be in accordance with ASTM D257-1979 [lo] . The test potential shall be a steady

source of 100 through 500 V direct current.6.5.2.2 Test Procedures. The insulationresistance shall be measured after the completedcable alternat ing-current voltage tests or beforeany direct-current voltage tests as specified inANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983[11.Where the volt-age tests a re made on wire or cable immersedin water, the insulation resistance shall be mea-sured while the cable is still immersed. Singleconductor cables shall be tested between the con-ductor and metallic sheath or water. Multipleconductor cables with nonshielded conductorsshall be tested between each conductor and allother conductors and sheath or water. Multipleconductor cables with shielded conductors shallbe tested between the conductor and shield. Theconductor under test shall be connected to thenegative terminal of the test equipment andreadings shall be taken after an electrificationof 1 minute.

Each coil, reel, or length of wire or cable shallhave an insulation resistance in megohms per1000 f t at a temperature of 15.6"C (60F)of notless than the value of R calculated as follows:DR =K loglo-dwhereR =K =

insulation resistance in megohms per1000 f ttypical constant for th e grade of insula-tion at 15.6 "C (60 O F ) for:

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IEEEStd 789-1988rubber-like compounds-10 000PVC-500polyolefin-50 000

D =diameter over the insulationd =diameter under the insulation6.5.3 Mutual Capacitance and Capaci-tance Unbalance

6.5.3.1 In addition to the following, mutualcapacitance and capacitance unbalanFe sha ll bedetermined as per ANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983

6.5.3.2 Mutual Capacitance-Pairs. Themutual capacitance shall be measured on eachpair in cables having 6 t o 25 pairs. In cableshaving more than 25 pairs, each pair in at least25% of the groups shall be measured. A fre-quency of 1000 Hz 2 100 Hz and a voice fre-quency capacitance bridge shall be used formeasurements. Cables with conductors largerthan 19 AWG shall not be measured.

6.5.3.3 Mutual Capacitance-Quads.Mutual capacitance of pairs i n quads shal l bemeasured at 1000 Hz * 100 Hz. The minimumnumber of quads to be tested in each selectedlength of cable shall be as follows, the two pairsand th e phantom being in each quad:

[I].

Number of Quads Number of Quadsin Cable To Be Testedu p to 5 All60 to 12 513 to 27 828 to 37 10

6.5.3.4 Capacitance Unbalance-Pair toPair. Capacitance unbalance for 1000 f t or 1kmlengths of completed cable shall conform to therequirements for the individual rms value spec-ified. A frequency of 1000 Hz * 100 Hz and avoice-frequency capacitance bridge shal l be usedfor measurements. In cables with 25 pairs orless and in each group of multigroup cables th eunbalances to be considered are all of the fol-lowing:

(1) Between pairs adjacent in a layer(2) Between pairs in the center, when there

are four pairs or less

(3) Between pairs in adjacent layers, when thenumber of pairs in t he inner (smal ler) layer issix or less (here the center is counted as a layer.)6.5.4 Crosstalk. The rms output-to-outputfar-end crosstalk loss fo r cables of all gauges,including composite configurations, shall be inaccordance with ANSI / ICEA S-56-534-1983[11.

6.5.5.1 Between Tip and Ring Conduc-tors. In each length of cable the insulation be-tween all ti p conductors and all ring conductorsshall be capable of withstanding the followingdc voltage for 3 seconds:

6.5.5 Dielectr ic Tests

NonfilledCablesdc VoltageConductor Size Minimum(AWG) (kV)26 2.424 3.022 3.619 4.5

FilledCablesdc VoltageMinimum(kV)2.84.05.07.0

6.5.5.2 Conductor to Shield. In eachlength of cable the insulation between the shieldand all conductors in t he cable shall be capableof withstanding 20 kVdc voltage for 3 secondsfor filled cables and 10 kVdc voltage for nonfilledcables.

6.5.5.3 Conductor and Shie ld to Ground.In each length of a filled o r nonfilled cable theinsulation withstand of the outer jacket to theconductors and shield shall be 30 kVdc for 3seconds.NOTE: At users option this test can be conducted whilecables are immersed in water for a specified time.

6.5.6 Impulse and Surge Tests. Use ANSI/IEEE Std 82-1963 [3].NOTE: At users option, impulse and surge tests can bespecified for communications cables.

6.5.7 Dielectric Tests After Installation.All cables shall be capable of withstanding alldielectric withstand voltage tests after instal-lation.

AnnexInsulation and Jacketing Polyolefin Compounds for ConductorGeneral Description antioxidant and coloring agents. The material

is intended primarily as insulation on wires andcable and shall meet the requirements of ANSI /ICEA S-56-534-1983[11.The material shal l consist of a polyolefin resincontaining 0.1% of an approved nondiscoloring

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